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Maximizing positive environmental impacts Reducing cost remedial measures I N T R O D U C T I O N ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) A study to identify, predict, evaluate, and communicate information about the impacts on the environment of a proposed development activity and to detail out the mitigating measures prior to project approval and implemntation. (Department of Environment, 2016) Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974 Prescribed Activities (Section 34A) IMPORTANCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) Project proponent: A qualified person that met DOE's technical and experience criteria, hence he is eligible to act as EIA consultant. Term of References Adequacy Check (TORAC): An initial stages in EIA to review and evaluate the adequacy the term of references (TOR) that was conducted by DOE technical review committee (TRC) Buffer zone: A separation distance between two or more area for the purpose of mitigation and protection to the environment Sensitive receptors: An area which is very sensitives to any form of changes to the ecosystem due to natural processes or activities TERM OF REFERENCES
The project was initiated by Berjaya Alam Murni Sdn. Bhd. (BAM) in response to the perceived shortage of schedule waste treatment and disposal facilities in Malaysia. The project was referred as Sustainable Schedule Waste Treatment Centre (SSWTC) which was located at PT1682 Bukit Tagar Sanitary Landfill (BTSL). Therefore, SSWTC project was develop to design a regional hub for treatment, recovery and disposal facilities for scheduled waste treatment generated within Malaysia. Generally, the project covers a total area of 40 acres land within BTSL that occupied with 700 acres of landfill footprint and another 1000 acres of buffer zone. I N T R O D U C T I O N PROJECT BACKGROUND LOCATION
I N T R O D U C T I O N OBJECTIVES To measure sanitary landfill-related parameters, includes water quality, air quality, noise exposure, and odour monitoring. To analyse the obtained data from the field work and conducting discussions or critiques based on standardized guidelines/regulation and literature reviews. To recommend any additional value or improvement to strengthen the sanitary landfill's EMP, thus improving the well-being of the nearby residents. LEGALREQUIREMENT OFPRESCRIBED ACTIVITIES Land Clearing (First Schedule) 13(a). Development in Slope Area Waste To Energy (WTE) Thermal Treatment Plant (Second Schedule) 14(a)(i). Waste Treatment and Disposal (Scheduled Waste) (Construction of Thermal Treatment Plant) Secure Landfill (Second Schedule) 14(a)(iv). Waste Treatment and Disposal (Scheduled Waste) (Construction of Secure Landfill Facility) The SSWTC project was fall under First and Second Schedule of Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015. Three main prescribed activities: 1. 2. 3.
Date Activity Description 18/5/2023 Pre - Visitation Contacted the landfill site authorities to obtain permission and the necessary permits for my site visit. Prepared permission letter from the university to conduct monitoring Make sure the sampling location can be assessed. 23/5/2023 - 31/5/2023 Site Visit Preparation Preliminary research on landfill sites was conducted, with a focus on the potential for air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, and odour with the associated regulations. Reviewed relevant literature to gain a better understanding of landfill environmental impacts and mitigation strategies. Prepared the necessary tools, such as SLM, EVM-7, Turbidity meter, DO Meter, and pH meter. Prepared relevant equipment for each sampling method. Prepared relevant documents such as equipment form, permission form to bring out tools, and laboratory equipment use form. Ensured that personal protective equipment (PPE) was available for use during the monitoring day for safety. progress timeline
30/5/2023 Divided into two teams; Team SLM and Team EVM + Odour Sound level meters and EVM-7 were strategically placed at predetermined locations, at the exact coordinates taken. Continuous monitoring was carried out over a specified period, capturing variations in noise levels during the day and night. Air monitoring only involved day sessions. Questionnaires were distributed during the time interval. All the data and readings are taken and tabulated. Ensured that all safety regulations and PPE requirements were met. 31/5/2023 Proper sampling protocols were followed, including proper bottle sterilization, sample collection techniques, and sample handling. Water samples were collected from designated locations, with proper labelling and preservation. Various on-site water quality parameters are detected using a pH meter, DO meter, and Turbidimeter. 5 collected sample bottles and thiobag are preserved and taken to the laboratory. 31/5/2023 - 1/6/2023 Lab Session Lab session is held for 2 days, involving Ecoli preparation and counting, COD, and Ammonia detection. progress timeline
O D O U R The term odour refers to the stimuli from a chemical compound that is volatilised in air that interpreted by the individual. Odour may be perceived as pleasant or unpleasant where the smell can be rated to be objectionable or offensive by the individual. Odour quality monitoring was conducted to establish the existing odour quality data at the proposed site and measure the existing background odour quality data at the affected sensitive areas. Related Legislation Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127) Environmental Quality (Clean Air) regulations 2014
O D O U R Questionaire Importance of odour monitoring Environmental Impact: To identify the odour emissions that can be an indicator of pollution and environmental hazards, hence create mitigation measures for more pleasant environment. Public Health and Safety: To identify situations that pose a risk to public health and safety and increase the quality of life. Complaint Management: To determine how affected residents were based on the resolution of odor-related complaints from the public, and address the concerns of affected individuals or communities. Community Engagement: To gain public opinion on variety of odour issues. Communities can provide valuable opinions, contribute to data collection, and suggest prioritise actions to mitigate odors effectively.
O D O U R Result and Discussion No significant odour impact observed based on previous EIA report. Odour source come from the smell of schedule waste and raw leachate. Survey shows low complaint regarding odour pollution disturbance. Most respondents agree landfill is the cause of odour pollution. Odour impacts are not likely cause any significant and risk to community. Odour pollution is not the biggest environmental issue in that area.
Helps establish baseline data before project implementation W A T E R Water monitoring plays a significant role in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) by providing crucial data and information about the quality, quantity, and potential impacts of water resources within the project area. Hence, it is important to do regular monitoring surrounding the project area. Importance of water monitoring Assess the potential impacts of the project on water resources Ensure compliance with the regulations by providing evidence of adherence to water quality standards, pollution control measures, and sustainable water resource management practices Enables early detection of any adverse changes or emerging issues during project implementation Helps track the effectiveness of mitigation measures, identifies the need for adjustments or modifications, and ensures that the project remains environmentally sustainable. Ensure compliance with the regulations by providing evidence of adherence to water quality standards, pollution control measures, and sustainable water resource management practices In summary, water monitoring in EIA is vital for understanding the existing conditions of water resources, assessing potential impacts, complying with regulations, detecting problems early, implementing adaptive management practices, and engaging stakeholders effectively. It supports the sustainable management and protection of water resources throughout the project lifecycle.
EQA 1974 National Water Quality Index (WQI)/ Standard Ammoniacal Nitrogen Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pH Temperature Turbidity Dissolved Oxygen (DO) W A T E R Related Legislations Significant Parameters
EX SITU DR2800 COD reactor IN SITU Turbidimeter DO meter pH meter W A T E R WATER SAMPLING EQUIPMENT WATER SAMPLING location W1 W3 W4 W2
W A T E R Result & Discussion W - Water Sampling Point; 1,2,3,4 Sampling Point 1 (W1) shows highest readings in ammoniacal nitrogen (56.4mg/L) while Sampling Point 2 (W4) has the lowest reading which is 1.3mg/L. Sampling Point 2 (W2) had the highest reading for both parameters;- Dissolved Oxygen, DO (5.22%) and pH (7.16). Meanwhile, Sampling Point 4 (W4) recorded the lowest reading of DO (4.65%) and Sampling Point 3 (W3) recorded the lowest pH reading (5.88). W1 shows highest readings in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (101mg/L) and turbidity (77.06ntu) while W2 has the lowest COD (55mg/L) and turbidity (35.01ntu) reading. Temperature readings gradually increase from W1 until W4, most probably due to the time of sampling (morning to afternoon). Hence, the temperature increase gradually. W2 recorded as the highest E.coli count reading totalling of 2419.6 compared to W3 that recorded only 1011.2 E.coli count. This might be due to the distance between the sampling point with the project site, or due to the activities and the environment at the sampling point such as dumping site or the flows from polluted river.
W A T E R Result & Discussion W - Water Sampling Point; 1,2,3,4 Ammoniacal nitrogen refers to the concentration of ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+) ions, which are forms of nitrogen commonly found in water. Ammoniacal Nitrogen Factors Affecting Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) reading in water samples pH Temperature Dissolved Oxygen (DO) At lower pH values (acidic conditions), more ammonia (NH3) is present, while at higher pH values (alkaline conditions), more ammonium (NH4+) is present. Ammonia is more volatile at higher temperatures. As the temperature increases, more ammonia (NH3) is released from ammonium (NH4+), leading to higher concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen. Ammonium (NH4+) can be converted to ammonia (NH3) under lowoxygen conditions, such as in stagnant or poorly aerated water. Higher levels of dissolved oxygen inhibit the conversion of ammonium to ammonia.
W A T E R Result & Discussion W - Water Sampling Point; 1,2,3,4 Dissolved oxygen is crucial for aquatic organisms, and its levels can indicate the overall health and quality of the water Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Factors Affecting Dissolved Oxygen (DO) reading in water samples Temperature Turbulence and Mixing Temperature has a significant impact on dissolved oxygen levels. As water temperature increases, the solubility of oxygen decreases, leading to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations. Conversely, colder water can hold more dissolved oxygen. Thus, higher temperatures can result in lower DO readings, while lower temperatures can lead to higher DO readings. Proper mixing and turbulence in water bodies facilitate the transfer of oxygen from the atmosphere to the water, increasing dissolved oxygen levels. Factors such as wind, waves, and waterfalls can promote mixing and enhance dissolved oxygen concentrations. Conversely, stagnant or poorly circulated water can have lower dissolved oxygen levels due to limited contact with the atmosphere.
W A T E R Result Summary Exceed the standard limit In-range of the standard limit
The Department of Environment in Malaysia has established noise limits for various land uses in built-up areas to prevent the negative impact of new noise sources like solid waste management plants. These limits ensure that the noise levels don't exceed a certain threshold to maintain the residents' quality of life. The second schedule serves as guidelines for noise quality limits. As for the site visits, the parameters that will be monitored are LAeq, LAmax, LAmin, LA90, LA50, and LA10 with the tools of Sound Level Meter (SLM) that will be used throughout the visits. N O I S E Health: Excessive noise can harm our health, causing stress, sleep problems, and hearing loss. Monitoring helps identify noisy areas and protect our well-being. Environment: Noise pollution disrupts wildlife and ecosystems, affecting animal behavior and habitats. Monitoring helps reduce noise impact and preserve the natural balance. Safety: High noise levels at workplaces can harm workers' hearing. Monitoring helps create safe environments by reducing noise exposure and providing protective measures. Urban Planning: Monitoring noise levels helps city planners decide where to place residential and commercial areas, creating healthier and more livable cities. Compliance: Monitoring ensures compliance with noise regulations and standards, maintaining a peaceful environment and taking action against violators. Importance of Noise Monitoring
Sampling Locations Kampung Sepakat
Locations Name : Kampung Sepakat Coordinates: (N) 3°30'26.00"N (E) 101°27'45.00"E Receiving Land Use Category: Low Density Residential *According to Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control (MESTECC) Second Schedule
Set-up Locations Equipment Sound Level Meter CR-822C (SLM)
Results & Discussion 0 25 50 75 Day 14.7% 21% > Above the Recommended Permissible Sound Limit for Laeq Day-Time > Increase sound limits from the previous EIA 70.34dBA 60dBA 55.6dBA Recommended Sound Limit * On-Site Test Previous EIA Increased traffic: As the landfill becomes more active or receives a higher volume of waste, it can result in increased traffic of waste collection vehicles, disposal trucks, and other related transportation. This augmented vehicular movement can contribute to elevated noise levels in the area. Speed limits and enforcement: Speeding vehicles can contribute to increased noise levels. Implementing and enforcing appropriate speed limits during nighttime hours can help reduce noise generated by vehicles using the alternative routes. Expansion of the landfill: The landfill has undergone expansion or increased its operational capacity since the previous EIA, it may result in increased noise generation. More waste being deposited or processed can lead to additional noise from machinery, vehicles, and other related activities. Factors
Results & Discussion 0 25 50 75 Night Previous EIA 64.7dBA 52.6dBA On-Site Test Recommended Sound Limit * 55dBA 15% > Above the Recommended Permissible Sound Limit for Laeq Night-Time 18.8% > Increase sound limits from the previous EIA Traffic volume: The amount of traffic during nighttime hours can significantly impact noise levels. Higher traffic volume increases the potential for noise disturbance, especially in residential areas. Managing and reducing traffic volume can help minimize noise. Speed limits and enforcement: Speeding vehicles can contribute to increased noise levels. Implementing and enforcing appropriate speed limits during nighttime hours can help reduce noise generated by vehicles using the alternative routes. Factors
A I R Air quality is a critical aspect of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) that evaluate the potential effects of a proposed project or activity on the environment. It involves assessing the quality of the air in the project area and its surrounding regions to understand the existing conditions and potential changes that may occur due to the project. Importance of air monitoring To identify the pollutants present in the atmosphere and its concentration level. To identify the pollutant hotspots in order to take actions to reduce the exposure by implementing pollution control measures. To assess the effectiveness of gas collection systems and evaluate the potential for gas migration into surrounding areas specifically in the residential areas.
A I R AIR QUALITY MONITORING location MASJID NIGEL GARDNER (SAMPLING POINT 2) JALAN BUKIT TAGAR (SAMPLING POINT 3) KAMPUNG SEPAKAT BT (SAMPLING POINT 1) Equipments TSI QUEST EVM-7
Related Legislation National Ambient Air Quality 2020
Results & Discussion PM10 and PM2.5 - The reading of PM10 can be higher or lower because of the emission sources. From this monitoring, we found out that the causes of the increasing level of PM10 is from the vehicular emissions and the dusty road. RH - The reading of Relative Humidity (RH) is influenced by the temperature where as the temperature increased, the RH is decreased due to the low amount of water vapor present in the air. Meanwhile, if the temperature in decreased, the RH will increased relatively. Factors:
DewPt - The dew point is affected by the air's humidity. The more moisture the air contains, the higher its dew point. The dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor. CO - Carbon monoxide (CO) is primarily produced through incomplete combustion processes. During the monitoring, combustion from the lorry is the main factor on why there's a difference in CO reading. During the peak hour which is from 12pm-6pm, the reading of the CO is high because the activity movement of lorry and truck is active therefore the combustions from the vehicle engines is increasing. Nitrogen Dioxide - Local topography and urban structures can affect Nitrogen Dioxide concentrations. Valleys or areas with tall buildings can lead to the trapping and accumulation of pollutants including nitrogen dioxide. In contrast, open areas tend to have lower Nitrogen Dioxide levels due to better dispersion. D I S C U S S I O N D I S C U S S I O N