AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSING A GUIDE TO
A GUIDE TO AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSING First Edition 2021 AUTHOR MUHAMMAD YUSRI BIN ABDUL RAHIM MOHAMAD FAIZAL BIN DAUD MOHD FIRDAUS BIN AHMAD
©Hak Cipta Politeknik Banting Selangor 2021 Cetakan Pertama / First Printing, 2021 Hak cipta terpelihara. Tiada bahagian daripada terbitan ini boleh diterbitkan semula, disimpan untuk pengeluaran atau ditukarkan ke dalam sebarang bentuk atau dengan sebarang alat juga pun, sama ada dengan cara elektronik, gambar serta rakaman dan sebagainya tanpa kebenaran bertulis daripada pihak Penerbit Politeknik Banting Selangor terlebih dahulu. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Penerbit Politeknik Banting Selangor. Diterbitkan oleh: Politeknik Banting Selangor, Persiaran Ilmu, Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad, 42700 Banting Selangor 03-3120 1657 / 03-3120 1625 https://pbs.mypolycc.edu.my Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Data Pengkatalogan-dalam-Penerbitan / Cataloguing-inPublication Data ISBN :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, all praises and thanks to Allah Almighty for His shower of blessings throughout our efforts to complete this e-book. We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to the Politeknik Banting, Selangor for their loves, invaluable guidance and endless supports through this one golden opportunity to complete this endeavors. Special thanks and appreciation to our fellow colleagues in Politeknik Banting, Selangor by providing invaluable guidance throughout this research. We are extremely grateful for what they have offered. Our sincere thanks also goes to Dr Siti Rominah Binti Md Derus, head of JPP in Politeknik Banting, Selangor, Ms. Shazana Binti Mustapa and Mr Amaluddin Salihin Bin Muhamad for their full support and helping us to complete this e-book. We also cannot express enough to the committee for their continue supports and encouragement. We sincerely hope that this little project of ours would benefit those in need particularly people who dream to be working in aviation industry someday.
"God created aircraft mechanics so pilots can have heroes too" W W W . B R A N D I N G . C O M Aircraft mechanics—also called airframe mechanics, power plant mechanics, and avionics technicians—service, repair, and inspect airplanes for commercial airlines, private firms, and the military. Although some mechanics are specialists, most have thorough knowledge of all parts of airplanes, including their engines, propellers, landing gear, hydraulic equipment, radio and radar instruments, and bodies. This e-book to give an insight of how to become an aircraft license holder. Are you interested in a career that provides well-paid opportunities and ensures the safety of the flying public? Aviation Maintenance personnel work in highly-technical specialty occupations involving the continued operational safety of products and articles, keeping aircraft operating safely and efficiently. Aircraft maintenance personnel hold highly-transferable skills that can be used in a broadrange of industries; career opportunities in the aviation sector include employment at airlines, fixed-base operators, manufacturers, repair stations, aviation maintenance schools and in business or general aviation. Specialty fields include avionics, balloons and airships, rotorcraft, and unmanned aircraft systems. The aircraft maintenance license holder is a maintenance personnel certificated by the CAAM based on personal knowledge gained through training and experience, which is demonstrated via successful completion of written, oral, and practical tests. Aircraft maintenance personnel usually work at Maintenance and Repair Organizations (MROs), airlines, or in commercial/corporate or general aviation (GA), but may pursue careers in other organizations as well. Introduction
Politeknik banting Selangor Persiaran Ilmu, Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad, 42700 Banting, Selangor. PUBLISHED BY Author Muhammad Yusri bin Abdul Rahim Pensyarah Kanan, Pegawai Pendidikan Pengajian Tinggi Licensed Aircraft Engineer, B2 Master of Business Administration from Cardiff Metropolitan University. Work with various types of aircraft and rotorcraft such as B737-400, B777- 200/300, B747-400, EC225LP Experienced over 15 years in aviation industry Pensyarah Kanan, Pegawai Pendidikan Pengajian Tinggi Licensed Aircraft Engineer, B1.3 Started working in aviation industry since 2007 and worked with EC225LP, Ec120B, Ec135p3, as332L1, as332L2, as350BA, as365N1, as365N2 as365N3 Mohd Firdaus bin Ahmad Mohamad Faizal bin Daud Pensyarah Kanan, Pegawai Pendidikan Pengajian Tinggi Aircraft Maintenance License Holder B1.3 Master of Science in Engineering Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Professional Qualifying Examination (PQE) from The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport (CILT) Working in aviation since 2003 and specialized in Aviation Maintenance Training, Aviation Legislation, Aircraft Accident & Investigation, Quality Assurance, Safety Management System, Transport and Logistics.
Content What Does an Aircraft Maintenance Do What Disciplines do the License Cover Privilleges Basic Knowledge Requirements Basic Experience Requirements Basic knowledge level for Aircraft Maintenance License Endorsement with Aircraft Type Rating License Categories Limitation and Validity 1 Aircraft Maintenance 3 Licensing 7 Requirements 63 Education Pathway 66 Questions, Tutorials and Answers 72 References
01/ 04 Aircraft Maintenance License 0 1 W H A T D O E S A N A I R C R A F T M A I N T E N A N C E M E A N In aviation terms, the word maintenance refers to the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or repair. Aeroplanes and helicopters, for example, are frequently subjected to routine maintenance after a particular number of flight hours or flight cycles. During this period, aeroplane maintenance engineers and technicians inspect the aircraft to assure its quality and safety. Replacement of old or damaged components, as well as checking engine operation to detect malfunctions, are among the jobs. A I R C R A F T M A I N T E N A N C E
Aircraft Maintenance License Examines aircraft frames and parts for defects Diagnoses mechanical or electrical problems Measures parts for wear, using precision instruments Reads maintenance manuals to identify methods of repair Repairs wings, brakes, electrical systems, and other aircraft components Replaces defective parts, using hand tools and many more. To fly safely, today's aeroplanes are very complicated machines that require dependable components and repair. Aircraft mechanics perform scheduled maintenance, repairs, and inspections to keep an aeroplane in top working condition. An aircraft license engineer or technician does:- WHAT DOES AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE DO? Aircraft mechanics are typically realistic people, which means they enjoy working outside or on a hands-on job. They are also traditional, which means they are detail-oriented and organised, and prefer to operate in a structured setting. 02
02/ 04 Aircraft Maintenance License 03 Up-to-date instruction and approved airworthiness data Recommended tooling and test equipment Working environment appropriate to the work being carried out. The CAAM Part-66 AML (Aircraft Maintenance Licence) is issued by the Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia allowing the holder to issue aircraft maintenance release to service upon completion of maintenance task performed on a Malaysian registered aircraft. The aircraft maintenance release to service shall be issued when the signatory is satisfied that the work has been properly carried out and accurately recorded, having due regards to the use of: – Malaysian AML is issued under the current Standards of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) contained in Annex 1. L I C E N S I N G
A1 Fixed Wing: Aeroplanes with Turbine Engines A2 Fixed Wing: Aeroplanes with Piston Engines A3 Rotary Wing: Helicopters with Turbine Engines A4 Rotary Wing: Helicopters with Piston Engines If you decide you would like to be a aircraft license technician or Engineer specialising in scheduled maintenance, restoration and re-fit of airframes, power plants, fuel systems and associated pneumatic, hydraulic and air-conditioning systems then you can select from both category A & B licence routes. The licence issued will show which category of aircraft it applies to - which will be: Line maintenance of Turbine Engine aircraft (often referred to as jet engines) and also called combustion turbines, are rotary engines that extract energy from a flow of combustion gas. It has an upstream compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between. Turbine aircraft may be propeller or jet driven. Line maintenance of Piston Engines (otherwise known as reciprocating engines) use similar technology to those used by cars and motorcycles where pistons in cylinders are used to generate motive force for propulsion by turning pressure into a rotating motion. These engines always drive a propeller. Line Maintenance of helicopters with one or more Turbine Engines and all associated systems including power plants, fuel systems and associated pneumatic, hydraulic and air-conditioning systems. Line Maintenance of helicopters with a Piston Engine and all associated systems including power plants, fuel systems and associated pneumatic, hydraulic and airconditioning systems. W H A T D I S C I P L I N E S D O T H E L I C E N C E S C O V E R ? Aircraft Maintenance License 04
B1.1 Fixed Wing: Aeroplanes with Turbine Engines B1.2 Fixed Wing: Aeroplanes with Piston Engines B1.3 Rotary Wing: Helicopters with Turbine Engines B1.4 Rotary Wing: Helicopters with Piston Engines B2 Avionic: Electronic systems fitted to all aircraft Category C : Aircraft Maintenance Engineer - Base Maintenance Turbine Engines: (often referred to as jet engines) and also called combustion turbines, are rotary engines that extract energy from a flow of combustion gas. It has an upstream compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between. Turbine aircraft may be propeller or jet driven. Piston Engines: (otherwise known as reciprocating engines) use similar technology to those used by cars and motorcycles where pistons in cylinders are used to generate motive force for propulsion by turning pressure into a rotating motion. These engines always drive a propeller. This licence category will allow the mechanical engineer to service to base maintenance level, helicopters with one or more Turbine Engines and all associated systems including power plants, fuel systems and associated pneumatic, hydraulic and air-conditioning systems. This licence category will allow the mechanical engineer to service to base maintenance level, helicopters with a Piston Engine and all associated systems including power plants, fuel systems and associated pneumatic, hydraulic and air-conditioning systems. If you are more electronically orientated and decide that you would like to be an Avionics Engineer specialising in scheduled maintenance, restoration and modification of communication, navigation, radar equipment; guidance and control systems including auto-pilot/auto-land and cabin entertainment then this license is the one to choose, Note: this qualification is only licensed at category B level. 1) Large Aircraft 2) Other than Large Aircraft. Aircraft Maintenance License 05
PRIVILEGES AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE HOLDER PRIVILEGES Category A permits the holder to issue maintenance release following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of task specifically endorsed on the certification authorisation referred to relevant paragraphs of CAD 8601 or CAD 8602. The certification privileges shall be restricted to the task that the aircraft maintenance license holder has performed under the certification authorization and limited to the ratings endorsed in the category A aircraft maintenance license. A category B1 shall permit the holder to issue maintenance release for maintenance performed on aircraft structure, power plant and mechanical and electrical system and work on avionic systems requiring only simple test to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting. A category B2 shall permit the holder to use maintenance release and to act as B2 certifying staff for maintenance performed on avionic and electrical system and maintenance on electrical and avionics task within power-plant and mechanical systems, requiring only simple test to prove their serviceability. B2 holder permit issuing maintenance release following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the certification authorisation referred to the relevant paragraph of CAD 86501 or CAD 8602. This certification privilege shall be restricted to work that the aircraft maintenance license holder has performed in the maintenance organisation which issued the certification authorisation and limited to the ratings already endorsed in the B2 aircraft maintenance license. A category C shall permit the holder to issue a single maintenance release following a scheduled base maintenance on aircraft Aircraft Maintenance License 06
03/ 04 REQUIREMENTS Age The applicant shall be not less than 21 years of age Knowledge The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge relevant to the privileges to be granted and appropriate to the responsibilities of an aircraft maintenance license holder, in at least in the following subjects, but not limited to: a) Air law and airworthiness requirements 1) rules and regulations relevant to an aircraft maintenance license holder including applicable airworthiness requirements governing certification and continuing airworthiness of aircraft and approved aircraft maintenance organization and procedures; Requirements for the issue of the license Aircraft Maintenance License 07
b) Natural science and aircraft general knowledge 1) basic mathematics; units of measurement; fundamental principles and theory of physics and chemistry applicable to aircraft maintenance; c) Aircraft engineering 1) characteristics and applications of the materials of aircraft construction including principles of construction and functioning of aircraft structures, fastening techniques; engines and their associated systems; mechanical, fluid, electrical and electronic power sources; aircraft instrument and display systems; aircraft control systems; and airborne navigation and communication systems; d) Aircraft maintenance 1) tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft including methods and procedures for the overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modification or defect rectification of aircraft structures, components and systems in accordance with the methods prescribed in the relevant Maintenance Manuals and the applicable Standards of airworthiness; and e) Human performance 1) human performance, including principles of TEM, relevant to aircraft maintenance. Aircraft Maintenance License 08
An application for issuance or variation of aircraft maintenance license shall demonstrate by examination a level of knowledge in the subject modules under the Basic Knowledge Requirements as specified in CAD 1801 Appendix 1. The basic knowledge examination shall be conducted by an appropriately approved Maintenance Training Organization or by Authority. The basic knowledge examinations shall have been passed within 7 years prior to the application for issuance or variation of aircraft maintenance license. The applicant may apply to CAAM for examination credit for the basic knowledge requirements that do not meet requirements as per above statements. BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS Aircraft Maintenance License 0 9
3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft, if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the Authority as a skilled worker, in a technical trade 1 year of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a basic training course. Category A subcategories B1.2 & B1.4 BASIC EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS 5 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the Authority as a skilled worker, in a technical trade 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of basic training course. Category B2 and subcategories B1.1 & B1.3 3 years of experience exercising certification privileges on category B1.1, B1.3 or B2 on large aircraft. 5 years of experience exercising certification privileges on category B1.2 or B1.4 on large aircraft. For category C with respect to other than large aircraft, 3 years of experience exercising certification privileges on category B1 or B2 or a combination of both on other than large aircraft. Category C Aircraft Maintenance License 10
BASIC KNOWLEDGE LEVELS FOR AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE The knowledge level indicators are defined on 3 levels as follows: (a) Level 1: A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject. Objectives: (i) The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject. (ii) The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and examples. (iii) The applicant should be able to use typical terms. (b) Level 2: A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and an ability to apply that knowledge. Objectives: (i) The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject. (ii) The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples. (iii) The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. (iv) The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the subject. (v) The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures. Basic knowledge for categories A, B1 and B2 are indicated by knowledge levels (1,2 or 3) against each applicable subject. Category C applicants shall meet either the category B1 or the category B2 basic knowledge levels. Aircraft Maintenance License 1 1
(c) Level 3: A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and a capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner. Objectives: (i) The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. (ii) The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples. (iii) The applicant should understand and be able to use mathematical formula related to the subject. (iv) The applicant should be able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics describing the subject. (v) The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions. (vi) The applicant should be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply corrective action where appropriate. Aircraft Maintenance License 1 2
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