ASIAH BINTI YUNOS Dr.TAMIL MOLI A/P LOGANATHAN ROSEDHILA BINTI RAMLI HOW TO START? FINAL YEAR PROJECT A GUIDE FOR MECHANICAL STUDENTS
FINAL YEAR PROJECT A GUIDE FOR MECHANICAL STUDENTS HOW TO START?
AUTHOR Asiah binti Yunos Tamil Moli Loganathan is a lecturer at Politeknik Banting Selangor (PBS). She obtained her bachelor degree Mechanical Engineering (Materials) from Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein (KUiTTHO. Later she continued her Masters of Technical and Vocational Education in Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein (KUiTTHO) in the year of 2005 and Masters of Mechanical Engineering (by Research) in Uniten, Kajang in the year of 2012. In 2018, she started her PhD study in the field of Mechanical Engineering at Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia. She is an Ordinary member in Institute of Material, Malaysia, a member in IEM and BEM, also involved in Development of National Occupational Skill Standard (NOSS) for Ultrasonic Inspection on Transportation (Railway), a member of Board of Directors for Malaysian Society for NDT (2018-2020) and also Secretariat of Malaysia International NDT Conference and Exhibition 2018 (MINDTCE’18). Asiah binti Yunos is a lecturer at Politeknik Banting Selangor (PBS). She obtained bachelor degree Engineering Technology in Mechatronics in 2006 from Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL). After graduated, she worked at Switchgear Specialist Manufacturer as a Technical Executive before joined teaching career as a lecturer in Polytechnic Ibrahim Sultan (PIS) in the year of 2008. In 2017, she started her Master of Innovation and Engineering Design at Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia. She has knowledgeable experience in teaching and learning especially in automation and Final Year Project for over 10 years. In additional she is registered Graduate Technologist under Board of Engineer Malaysia (BEM). Dr. Tamil Moli A/P Loganathan Rosedhila binti Ramli Puan Rosedhila binti Ramli is a lecturer at Politeknik Banting Selangor. She has received a Master's in TVET and Degree in Mechanical Engineering from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. She was a former lecturer of the Mechanical Department at the Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Kuantan Pahang. She has knowledgeable experience in teaching and learning especially in Engineering Mechanics and CNC Milling for over 10 years. She was a holder of Malaysian Skill Certification, 2020 from Jabatan Kemahiran Malaysia, and Professional Certificate for Inventor and AutoCAD, 2017 from Autodesk. In addition, she is a Graduate Engineer registered under the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM). i
Preface Final Year Project: How to Start? A Guide for Mechanical Students eBooks is intended for students who want direction on how to carry out their Final Year Projects (FYP) from conception to completion. This ebook differs from other technical books accessible in terms of the stages and flow to accomplish the appropriate FYP and adhere to the Polytechnic Malaysia syllabus. Students will be taught how to originate ideas and see them through to completion. Each topic includes steps and approaches with descriptions. Meanwhile, tables, pictures and diagrams are supplementary teaching tools for pupils. At the same time, students are required to finish the case study, tutorial and practise assignments that are connected to the material they need to know. There are several factors at play that, if taken care of right away, may save you time. Students approach the final year project in two different ways, as has been seen. In the first approach, students plunge in headfirst and begin working on the project without doing any prior preparation, seeing how things develop as the project takes shape. On the other hand, some students put off starting their project altogether until a few days before the due date. They only want to complete the project for the sake of earning excellent grades and complying with the basic requirements for receiving the diploma. Don't worry; we'll lead you through the process step-by-step and show you how to effectively arrange your final year project to avoid being overwhelmed. Let's get started by going through everything you should know about organising, planning, and constructing the final project. Our objective and intention are to provide assistance and guidance to students completing their FYP in a straightforward and fun manner. If you follow these guidelines, you can be confident that your project will be developed and executed perfectly and excellently. Enjoy your final year project journey … ii
1st Edition Print 2022 All Right Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without permission from Politeknik Banting Selangor and Bahagian Instruksional dan Pembelajaran Digital JPPKK. AUTHORS Asiah binti Yunos Dr. Tamil Moli A/P Loganathan Rosedhila binti Ramli EDITOR Dr. Hartiny binti Abd. Kahar Published by Politeknik Banting Selangor, Persiaran Ilmu, Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad, 42700 Banting, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Telephone : 03-3120 1657 / 03-3120 1625 Fax: 03-3120 1706 Website : https://pbs.mypolycc.edu.my/ E-mel : [email protected] Declaration iii
Praise to God, we gratefully thanks to all who were support and always make guidance to produce this e-book. We are overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge our depth to all those who have helped us to put these ideas, well above the level of simplicity and into something concrete. We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our Director Ts. Zainah binti Rujihan who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful eBook on the topic “Final Year Project : How to start ? A Guide for Machanical Student which also helped us in doing a lot of ideas and we came to know about so many new things. Any attempt at any level can not be satisfactorily completed without the support and guidance of our parents and friends. Our appreciation to our colleagues who have directly or indirectly inspired us in completing this e-book. We are indebted to our family for the loving support and kind understanding. Thank you. Acknowledgment iv
Table of Content About the Author i Preface ii Declaration iii Acknowledgment iv Table of Content v 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 The area of Product Innovation 2 1.2 Plans Your Project Well 4 1.3 Five Simple Steps to Start your Project 5 1.4 Product Development 13 1.5 Material Selection and Cost Estimation 18 1.6 Fabrication/Electrical work/Programming 20 1.7 Testing & Analysis 21 1.8 Manual/Report writing 22 1.9 Conclusion 23 Case Study 1 24 Case Study 2 25 Case Study 3 26 References 36 v
The Final Year Project (FYP) is a required course for study programmes in order to meet the Ministry of Higher Education (KPT) Polytechnic Diploma eligibility requirements. This FYP allows students to apply their knowledge and skills and demonstrate their ability to realise ideas, creativity, innovation and problem-solving in the direction of producing projects/studies with commercial or competitive value. An FYP could be is a case study or scientific activity that fits the field and level of study and is needed to finish the study programme. This case/scientific study done as group work. Students work with a supervisor to plan the study, carry it out, analyse the results and write a scientific report. The goal is to help students reach their full potential by using their knowledge and skills in their own fields. At least one lecturer will be in charge of the students, and institutions and/or businesses will test them. The aim of the project/study is to integrate knowledge, practical and affective skills acquired throughout the course of the study programme into the process of utilising knowledge through creative problem-solving and brainstorming in order to produce graduates who are competent, imaginative and authoritative as illustrated in Figure 1. 1.0 Introduction Figure 1: Objectives of FYP 1
1.1 The area of Product Innovation Product innovation is creating a new product or improved version of existing product that increases their uses. There are Two (2) types of projects that can be produced: 1.1.1 Product based project (based on Product/Innovation) Project that use appropriate technology to create prototype, good, process and system. This project is being developed using either new or existing methods and may refer to problem solving in institutions, industries or communities. The project's development methods and testing must be clearly described, as must data support, analysis and evidence. 1.1.2 Research based project Research based Project means a discrete scientific endeavor to answer a research question or a set of research questions. Table 1 shows the comparison in between Product based project and Research based project. Product based project Research based project Jigs and fixtures Case studies Design Experiment / Lab test Process / Technology Analysis Software Research Hardware Model Table 1 : Comparison between Product based Project and Research based Project 2
Figure 2: Areas of Product Innovation Innovation is advancing quickly as technology advances more quickly everywhere, from personal electronics devices to self-driving cars. Agriculture, manufacturing, food & beverage, transportation and construction are the primary categories for product innovation as shown in Figure 2. Student can also choose innovation trending technology nowdays such as, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligent, Additive Manufacturing (3D printing) and other cutting-edge technologies connected to IR4.0. Projects that use appropriate technology to create prototypes, goods, processes and systems. This project is being developed using either new or existing methods and may refer to problem solving in institutions, industries or communities. The project's development methods and testing must be clearly and thoroughly described, as must data support, analysis and evidence. 1.1 The area of Product Innovation 3
Figure 3: Process of developing FYP When developing a product, students should understand the stages or sequences needed to complete the project successfully. The generation of ideas, development of products, and preparation of documentation are the most important elements to take into consideration. As shown in Figure 3, every element will be describe further in next chapter. 1.2 Plans Your Project Well “ Design is not how it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works “ Steve Jobs (Apple co-founder and former CEO) 4
1.3.1 Define Your Goals First and foremost, establish your goals. Consider the project's objectives. One main goal and a number of supplementary objectives that will ultimately lead to the success of the project are recommended. Specify the goals and objectives in a project planning or project statement. Project planning is a discipline that examines how to complete a project within a predetermined time frame, typically with predetermined stages and resources. Main objective, research, requirements, cost estimates, implementation and presentation are some of the steps that project planning can be divided into from one perspective. 1.3 Five Simple Steps to Start your FYP 1.3.2 Identify Your Team Members The second step in starting any project is identifying the team members. There are two factors to consider when assessing this step: Who do you currently possess? Determine their relative strengths and weaknesses in regard to the project’s goals. 5 Courtesy of canva.com Courtesy of canva.com
Choosing the right project members who are cooperative and equally hard-working is very crucial. An organization chart is a diagram that shows the duties, responsibilities, and relationships of individuals in an FYP. Organizational charts are advantageous and useful in a variety of ways, including : I. Display work duties and reporting relationships II. Allow leadership to more effectively manage growth or change III. Allow team member to better grasp how their job fits into the larger plan of the firm IV. Enhance communication channels Figure 4 demonstrates a suggestion for a group organization structure. Tasks can be divided equally so that supervisors can easily monitor students' progress and assign final grades. Who do you required? Identify skill gaps in your team and fill them with the appropriate skill sets, using your goals a guide. If possible make sure students choose the right set of team members to work with. Figure 4: FYP Organization Chart 1.3 Five Simple Steps to Start your FYP 6
1.3.3 Develop Your Plan There are two consideration must be considered while develop a plan: I. Create a plan that is executable, methodical and logical that you are confident you can accomplish. II. Set an overall project completion date and deadlines for the subtasks created in step three. Project planning is the study of how to complete a project in a specific period of time, generally with predetermined stages and resources. In Polytechnic, students are encourage to use a Gantt chart as a tool for scheduling parts of a plan. A Gantt chart is a popular tool for displaying a project schedule graphically. I. A Gantt chart is a graphical representation that aids in the scheduling, management and monitoring of certain activities and resources in a project. II. It consists of a list of tasks and progress bars for each activity. III. The project timeline is shown by horizontal bars of varying lengths, which may include task sequences, duration, and start and finish dates for each task. 1.3.3.1 Gantt Chart 1.3 Five Simple Steps to Start your FYP 7 Courtesy of canva.com
They represent crucial information in a project, such as who is allocated to what, task length, and overlapping activities. Overall, Gantt charts are excellent tools for project planning, scheduling, and management. Overall, Gantt charts are excellent tools for project planning, scheduling, and management. Gantt chart advantages include: 1. Project Overview : exposes team members to a flood of vital information. It disseminates information about the project, its team members, the start and completion dates, project duration, progress, and other details. 2. Resource Management : by choosing and utilising just the resources that are necessary for a project, your team can manage its material resources. Each team will be able to see on the chart which resources are allotted to complete their responsibilities. Overuse and waste may be prevented with effective resource management. 3. Team Collaboration : Gantt chart outlines where one team should link with other teams to exchange ideas, provide updates, arrange meetings, and explain milestones reached. Teams will learn more about how to approach their duties better as a result of this. 1.3 Five Simple Steps to Start your FYP 8 Courtesy of canva.com
4. Progress tracking : projects have beginning, middle, and end dates, it is possible to monitor their progress. Teams may check the Gantt chart to see how much progress they've made. They will also point out areas that require additional focus. 5. Time Management : another resource that Gantt charts protect during project management. Project managers and team leaders meticulously organise their work because they are aware that time lost cannot be made up. 6. Accountability : becoming more engaged to the tasks. 1.3 Five Simple Steps to Start your FYP The advantages of using a Gantt Chart for FYP is represents in Figure 5. Figure 5: Advantages of using a Gantt Chart 9
Task\Week W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 Idea Generation Market research brainstorming Product Selection Development & Test Specify detail requirements Sketch & Design Testing Analysis Documentation Report Presentation Table 2: Example of Gantt Chart Table 2 is shows an example of FYP Gantt Chart. The main categories of items are idea generation, development of FYP project based on market survey, testing, report and presentation. Each of the main item will divided to sub categories. The given timeline is 15 weeks based on the semester duration. 1.3 Five Simple Steps to Start your FYP 10
1.3.4 Delegate (Smartly) So simple, yet so important! Delegating jobs not only allows you to work faster, but it also improves the abilities of the rest of your team... so everyone wins! 1.3.5 Execute and Monitor The third stage is to start working on your project and regularly monitor it with a project management tool throughout the process. Maintaining open lines of communication will guarantee that you and your team members are aware of what is going on around you. Review your work on a regular basis and make any required modifications owing to unexpected hurdles! 1.3 Five Simple Steps to Start your FYP 11 Courtesy of canva.com Courtesy of canva.com
After going through this module, how to get an idea, let's answer the questions. 1. Have you decided which field your innovation is? If yes, name it _________ 2. Do you have enough information for your innovation? 3. Have you reviewed previous studies/research? 4. Have you conducted a survey for a similar product in the current market? 5. Have you found out your problem statement? 6. Have you indicated your objective (s) clearly? Self test : Let’s try answer these simple questions 12
1.4 Product Development Product development is widely used to refer to all steps involved in taking a product from concept to a finished product that meets the specified objectives as stated in Chapter 1 of your proposal or FYP report. In other words, product development comprises the full product life cycle, as illustrated in Figure 6. Figure 6: Flow process in FYP Product Development 1.4.1 Idea Generation The initial phase of every product development is idea generation. Some technique can be applied to such as Mind Mapping and brain storming. These two methods need team members sit together, discuss and come up with a different probable solution to the current problem. 1.4.2 Identify Needs Through Market Survey Products provide solutions is the best idea for FYP. Therefore, the first step should be taken is to identify a problem that needs to be solved. Market survey can be done to potential customers, surveys, and other user research activities. It is the initial stage during conceptual design process is to get better understanding of the current problems. 13
Figure 7: Market Survey Methods After identify the problem, students can survey similar products through online / hardware store. Make a comparison in terms of price, mode of operation, material used and price. From that, new innovation can be made by upgrading the current product or combine the features of several current products. There are several techniques can be categorized in market research including spread a questionnaire, interviews and observation. For market survey, a questionnaire is constructed to identify customer and end-user views of a problem and its possible solutions as shown in Figure 7. The analysis from the questionnaire is presented in Figure 8. 1.4 Product Development 14
0 1 4 2 3 0 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 1 9 8 0 19 5 10 8 11 9 14 20 17 15 10 18 25 28 16 26 0 5 10 15 20 Desired features 35 30 Strongly 27 Disagree 25 30 Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree Figure 8: Example of analysis result from questionnaire given to customer 1.4.3 Design Process 1.4.3.1 Sketches Sketching can be referred to as a preliminary drawing that students might make in preparation for more proper drawing. A sketch may serve several purposes such as it able to record ideas for later use or a quick approach to show how something works in graphical image, idea or principle. In the industrial field, sketching technique is commonly used by engineers and designers because it is cheap, simple, and can be practiced all the time. 1.4 Product Development The analysis from the questionnaire is presented in Figure 8. 15
1.4.3.2 Mechanical Design Mechanical design refers to the design of components, parts, products, or systems in providing the necessary components and framework to achieve the product’s aimed functions. Any Mechanical 3D software can be used during the process such as AutoCAD, Solid Work, or CATIA but commonly Inventor is widely used in polytechnics. In design we can separate into two main steps starting with concept design and then followed with detail drawing. a. Concept Drawing By using information from sketches, diagrams or existing product prototypes students can start with concept drawing. The drawings assist in explaining the new product or component to various customers. A concept is not something ready for manufacture or prototyping. It offers efficient preparation and engineer comes with all concept design options for prototyping as those concepts not chosen to be wasted. It is also used to investigate more technical design aspects. It gives a first response as well as potential solutions to issues, restrictions, and other opportunities. Concept drawings can be created using 3D Mechanical CAD software such as inventor, CATIA or Solidworks. The drawings can be in colour and show many details as required. 1.4 Product Development 16 Courtesy of canva.com
b. Detail Drawing A single part, assembly of multiple components, or an entire structure of assemblies known as a detailed drawing. A detail drawing should be short and compact includes complete and specific descriptions of a part's shape, type of material and dimension as shown in Figure 9. The following requirement information must be presented in a detailed drawing with title block: I. Drafter name II. Part name III. Drawing scale IV. All necessary dimensions (width, depth, height, size, etc.) V. Orthographic Projection views (front, top & side) VI. Isometric view VII. Bill of Material (BOM) VIII.Drawing approved (usually by your Project Supervisor) Figure 9: Sample of Detail Drawing 1.4 Product Development 17
1.5 Material Selection and Cost Estimation An important phase in the design and development of products is choosing the best material for a specific purpose. The main goal of material selection in FYP is to reduce costs while achieving performance objectives for the product. Materials have many, complicated, and often non-quantitative implications on a product's function, life cycle, intended users or producers, usability, personality, environmental impact, and costs. Material selection is a challenging undertaking due to the enormous number of materials that are available and their various interactions with different selection criteria. During the process of choosing materials, a variety of aspects, including mechanical, chemical, physical, electrical, and economic qualities these must be addressed. Students must understand the properties of the materials and how they react in real- world applications. Material’s critical features include strength, durability, flexibility, weight, heat and corrosion resistance, ability to be cast, welded, or toughened, machinability and electrical conductivity. Material selection and cost estimation can be shown together in one table as in example in Figure 10. Figure 10: Material selection and cost estimation 18
1.6 Fabrication / Electrical work / Programming Fabrication techniques are the processes that are used to shape, cut or mould the materials into desired shapes/products. Cutting, forming, punching, stamping, shearing and welding are examples of common fabrication techniques that applied for 5th semester students in polytechnics as shown Figure 11. The entire fabrication process can be done manually. Students recommended using equipment in the mechanical workshop at polytechnics, such as a lathe, arc and MIG/TIG welding machine. By using Computer-Aided Designs (CAD) that can be input into CNC, which can connect directly to equipment on the shop floor. By using CNC technology, can improve efficiency, costs and material utilization can be reduced while accuracy and quality are improved. Connecting and wiring switch, light, motor, sensor and other electrical components are types of electrical work must be done during fabrication process. Meanwhile common programming for control system can be applied in FYP are Programmable Logic Control (PLC) and Arduino Programming Language. However, Arduino is the most popular because it is less expensive than other microcontroller platforms and is simple to use for beginners. In Figure 12 is an example how students do their programming & electrical wiring works. Figure 11: Metal fabrication works 19
Figure 12: Programming & Electrical Wiring Works 1.6 Fabrication / Electrical work / Programming 20
1.7 Testing & Analysis A test run of the FYP new invention is when a product or technique that is used to determine whether it functions properly. Testing is a critical process that determines whether a project succeeds or fails. Student supposed to allocate at least 2 to 3 weeks to run the testing. Meanwhile, analysis is the process of defining, identifying and documenting various requirements related to the design of a product according to customer's needs. These enable students to compile data sets that can yield statistical data. For example, easyto-read visual graphs presented in the FYP can be utilized to determine the participants' satisfaction levels. Figure 13: Testing and Analysis 21 Courtesy of canva.com
1.8 Manual/Report writing An FYP report is used to document project achievements, lessons learned and performance to suggest future improvement in project delivery. An FYP report incorporates with both official and informal comments from project stakeholders and participants gathered during the project. The following chapters, in the order shown below, can be included in the FYP report:- I. Chapter 1: Introduction II. Chapter 2 : Literature review III. Chapter 3: Methodology /Requirement analysis /Design and Implementation IV. Chapter 4: Testing and analysis V. Chapter 5: Conclusions and recommendations VI. References 22
1.9 Conclusion The FYP concludes with a summary of the entire study or project carried out, the outcomes and accomplishments of the study or project, whether or not objectives were achieved, as well as planning and expectations for the study or project next. The disadvantages and benefits should be succinctly and precisely stated. Following are some generalizations that can be made, but a detailed description is necessary because they heavily depend on the study or project type that was undertaken: I. Assessment II. Analysis III. Interpretation IV. Comparative studies V. Reviews VI. Consideration VII. Conclusion The findings of the study/project need to be concluded in line with the objectives and research/project questions. 23
Case Study 1 Referring to your own innovation area, create a questionnaire with a maximum of ten questions related to customer needs. 1. Who is our ideal client? 2. What are their issues? 3. What does your ideal consumer truly desire? 4. Who are our current customers? 5. Why aren't more people buying from us? 6. Who will be able to buy from us in the future? 7. Why do customers purchase from you? 8. What purpose or function does it serve? 9. What changes could you make to your products or services to expand their reach? 10.What product or service enhancements should be implemented to provide a better customer experience? QUESTION 1 SOLUTION 1 24
Case Study 2 You are having difficulty drying your clothes at the Polytechnic’s hostel. Come up with the causes of the problem and possible solutions using the brainstorming method. QUESTION 2 SOLUTION 2 Figure 14: Causes of the problem having difficulty of drying clothes 25
Case Study 3 How to develop a Banana Peeler Prototype Using 3D Printer for banana chip industry usage as FYP? *disclaimer: steps and methods process of FYP maybe differ with other author. Setup team members (Organization Chart) and prepare project planning (Gantt Chart) RALTH IEZLAN ANAK ASLAN PROJECT LEADER INTAN HANI BT KAMAL MECHANICAL DESIGN AFIQ IQBAL B. AHMAD ELECTRICAL/PROGRAMMING GHAFFARUL B. HALIM FABRICATION SHUHADA BT IBRAHIM PROCUREMENT/COSTING Task\Week w1 w2 w3 w4 w5 w6 w7 w8 w9 w10 w11 w12 w13 w14 w15 Idea Generation Market research/Industry Visit Brainstorming Selection Development & Test Specify detail requirements Sketch & Design Material Selection Fabrication Testing Analysis Documentation Report Presentation Planning Actual Legend Innovation Area: F&B Manufacturing Product Title: Banana Peeler Prototype QUESTION 3 SOLUTION 3 Step 1 Figure 15: Organization Chart and Gantt Chart 26
Project statement, specify the goals and objectives. The idea of this project is to design and develop a banana peeler mechanism with little effort compared to doing it manually. The project will include several objectives to achieve, there are: i. To identify the customer’s needs of a product, by conducting a market surveys to the target respondents ii. To design banana peeler using CAD software address and analyse the problem and generate idea for a solution. iii. To Fabricate concept design prototype of the product using 3D printer. Scope of Project This banana peeler is designed and proposed for small and medium industries (SME) in Malaysia. The product is made as a prototype and will be proposed to a company who is interested in commercializing it. Product Development 1. Get the Idea by identifying the problem The industry of banana chips still faces a problem along the process to produce the banana chips especially during the process of peeling the banana skin. It is considered as a critical fruit for peeling due to its uneven, irregular shape and certain kind of cellular fiber around the flesh as peel. However, peeling by hand is a relatively slow operation and involves substantial labour when a large number of peeled bananas are desired. From this statement, many ways to conduct a market survey including interview and observation on how industry done their work as shown in Figure 16. Figure 16: Banana peeling process via: google.com Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Case Study 3 27
2. Develop the questionnaire For this project, a questionnaire is constructed to get information on the importance of banana peeler to the small medium food snack industry as shown in Figure 17. Feedbacks are obtained from user regarding their satisfaction of current peeling tools that they have used, seek the views of consumer on fruit peeler in the current market referring to the price, features and functions, and identify consumer view of the problem faced when they are using it. Case Study 3 28
Figure 17: Questionnaire Case Study 3 29
Meanwhile benchmarking is conducted to measure the competitive product performance and features of current fruit and banana peeler in market as shown in Figure 18. The main advantages of benchmarking is eliminate trial and error process, speed up design improvement and also increase efficiency of new product development as presented in Table 18. 3. Develop the designs and comparison Figure 18:Design development and comparison between each design Case Study 3 30
The main advantages of benchmarking is eliminate trial and error process, speed up design improvement and also increase efficiency of new product development as presented in Figure 19. Figure 19 : The ideas to identify all the possible reasons using fishbone diagram Case Study 3 31
The Morphology Matrix method is a tool for generating options. It provides a structured or systematic way to generate many possibilities including many unique or highly unusual options. Several concepts design can be generated based on possible solution design in the market. After all the top 4 concept ideas are listed as in Figure 20. 4. Develop Morphology Matrix method Figure 20: Morphology Matrix method Case Study 3 32
From Morphology Matrix we have to translate the idea to several concept sketches or drawings. To get the final design, you can use any concept idea or gather the 3 ideas become a new innovation as shown Figure 21. IDEA 1 Main Material Used: Aluminium Peeler Type: Motorized Peeling Mechanism: Roller Power Supply: Direct Power Input Price: High Size: Large IDEA 2 Main Material Used: Stainless Steel Peeler Type: Manual Peeling Mechanism: Knife/blade Power Supply: Manual/Operator Price: High Size: Medium IDEA 3 Main Material Used: Plastic Peeler Type: Manual/Operator Peeling Mechanism: Spike Blade Power Supply: Manual/Operator Price: Low Size: Small Figure 21 : Concept Idea Case Study 3 33
Brief Description of the Detailed Drawings Below are 3D assembly detailed drawings consist of 3 main parts: cutter, feeder and plate. Cutter and feeder mechanism can be adjusted according to the shape and size of banana. Meanwhile, the plates are used. Basically the drawings will come out with the title block, dimensions and common views which are orthographic and isometric. Figure 22 : Detailed drawings Case Study 3 34
A prototype is a way to get a perfect overview of the product because it is easy, quick and cost effective technique to turn the concept ideas into effective product. Therefore, 3D printer is the best way process of making three-dimensional banana peeler mechanism from a CAD drawing. Figure 23 : Printing using 3D printer Figure 24 : A prototype of Banana Peeler Case Study 3 35
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