Advanced-grammar-in-use-Martin-Hewings

Index

282 A ad jective + -ingl lhat1:lausd with and with out -ly 142
lo-inflnilivdwh1:la usc 140 see ,,1$0 com parative fo rms;
ala n, the, and zero article
~( ncra hsati tlns about da~..n of il + linking verb + ad iect ive (+ to- supe rlative forms
Ih inl':s 90 infinitive) 140 ad vice 40, 78
geogra phical area s 90 a f!irmalive semences 2 19. 22 1
il + mak e + adjcaive (+ to- agem 2 1'J
holida ys, seasons, da ys o f the inflnirivd -ingl tha H lause) 140
.....eek, and f~tiV3 ls 94 Yr oJl$o passive forms
position of agreernenr, suh ject and verb
io hs/joh lit b 91 addinonal exe rcise 238
mean s o f tr an sport and hefu relafter nou n 132 d.1 usc. as sub jC\1. : 80
class ifying ad jecnves 132 co-ordinated nuun v phrases. as
com mcnica uon 94 em phasis ing adjectives 132
n,l m ("l of people 92 grammar review 2 16 su bject 112
nouns both cou ntable and
with linking verbs 132 collective noun s 80
ullI;ounlab l(' 90 com plex subject 80
qualiearive ad jectives 132 tktermi llCTS 82
~alnJIrd;ucd words joinnl by red uced relative cla uses 132 how lha cb"'heft + belhave 82
pr eposition 94 stu dy guide 248-49 items joined by (either) ••. o r or
types of 2t 9
spn:ific I 'ffSU S gene ral 9 4 ~ also compa rative fo rm s; (neithal .•• no r 82
with s upe rlative aJ ja."'ti,"("l 92 compound ad jecrives, pa n id pk mc:.asurcmcnl1am< lU nl/ ttu:.a nril)',
wilh there + M 190 adjectives; supe rlative fo rms
t hin~ that are ueiq ce 90 adve rbial clauses wit h s i n~uJa r verb 84
this, in srones and ink" 92 addit ion.al exe rcise 138 nameVlitks ending in ~ 110
ti~ of day a nd nil4h1 94 con tra st s 164 no uns end ing in ·s 84
alan and o ne defininon o f 2 19 suh j«t, posiliun of 80
IhCTe + bclhave 82
ahhrrvial ion s 88 st udy guide 250 whar -cla uce, ;u suhiC\.'t 80
in numhc-r/q u3mil y C'x pr~Si(HlS len ses in 21 7 :.all (00 . whole, every, each
o f time 158 time ex pressions 102
8H adverbial ph ra ses, as com plemen t " 'ho lcJrn lirt , hefort no uns 102
o ne •••olhcr/ ano lhcr pattern 8S amt lllMan d between 1711
pa nkular. hUI unspecified 22. amounts 104
:.any su som e and :.any
pc-l'w nl,hinw'evC'OI 88 a dve r bials apost rn phl". fnr p<lSsessivcs 2 10
with p""''oC'!Osivcs 811 adverb as 2 19 a n icks
before singuJ.u co unta ble no uns adverbial clause as 2 19 additional e xercise 235-36
dt'finit inn tlf 2 19 dl·finili" n Ilf 2 19
8H inve rsion afte r neg ative 200 gramm a r review 2 11
before .....wchlcon«lm3nr S 88 no un phrase as 2 19 stu dy guide 245-46
abb reviations 1111 participle clauses 116, 118 see also al an, the, and aero arti cle
ahilify prepositional phrase as 2 19 a ux iliary ver bs 2 19
he able 10 30 in inversion l 'JlI
ca n/co uld 30,34,204.105 adverbs l ea \' in ~ words ou t afte r 128
acade mic wrilinlt a nd adjectives, use of 2 16
few and lill ie 104 de finition of 219 he as ma in verb ill previous
formation of 142 cla use/sente nce 1211
may 34 participle adjecti ves in -ed, have as ;l\l xiliary + don e 1211
much (of). many (uf) 100 ad ve rbia l fo rm of 142 moda l au xilia ry + dulbc 128
panicles 222 more tha n one au xiliar y 128
preJlt" ilion al phra ses 114 ph rasal verbs 222 no a uxiliar y 1211
such th.n, ltl introd uce ,I result position of
add itiona l ex ercise 238 su bstit ute do 1211
' 62 aft er objec t 148 negative quest io11s 54, 207
sun..tilute sO an d no r 12 4
act ive (1'1"$11$ pa ssi ve ) fo rm s 44, com ment adv erbs 150. 156
46,48, 2 19, 224 connecting adverbs 150 see oJlso mod;, l verbs
degree adve rbs 150, 154
aJ Ji n!\ information foc us adverbs 154 B
conjuncrion v 174 frequency ad ver bs 148. I SO, 152 hare in!initive 22 1
noun phr;lSl:s 112,1 14 lo ng ad verh ials 1411 b..-i nM+ pasl parti ciple cla use 220
and meaning 148 bet ween and among 178
prepositional phrase'> 114 more tha n o ne ad,'crhial 148
senrence con necrors 174 o rder of events 150 C
ad jectives pla ce an d direction adverbs 150. ca n ~ ah ihty ; perrmssion;
and ad verbs, usc o f 142. 2 16
J ctlnilio n of 2 19 152 pos si"ilily
cha nge, prO(~s o f 42
easily confused 2 16 time ad verbs 150 ,1 52 ' choos ing' verbs. 611
gradahle and non-grada ble 134 viewpo int adverbs 150 dnsifying adjectives 132. 134 ,
pre posinooal phu,ses. ad verh ial
borh senses 136 usc o f 142 136, 21 ,}
d ass il),ing ad Jn :t is'n 136 stud )' guide 2 48 -49 dausn
diffe ren t senses 136 ty pes o f 2 19
good andllovdy and/nice and ... de finilion o f 220
+ grada ble ad jective 136
gra mm3r review 2 16
more an d mo re + ad jectiv e 136
nat ionality a din;tiv~ 136
q u.!lira tive adjectives 136
p.:I ttt' ms 3fter linki ng ver bs

srudy guide 247 prlosc nt perfect co ntinuous/preMont very, 100 154 Index
types o f 220 perfect 12 determine rs 220 283
cleft sente nces 196, 220
clima te 90 will/would 32 gr ammar review 2 11-12
collective nouns 1\0, 22 [ condi nonal clauses study guid e 24 5-46
colon 174, 226 direct obj ect SR,22 1
colour ad jectives 122 definition of 220 see also comple me n t; oh jC(t;
co mma 226 real and un real cond itio ns
co mment adverbs 150, 156 , 219 rra nsinv e/in rra nsinv c verbs; verb
comp ara tive fm ms 2 17 2 17- 1S,220 com pleme nrarion
ad jectives with corn parn nve/ real conditionals, tenses in 20, dire ct speech 220
direction ad verbs 150, 152, 19R,
super lat ive meaning 144 166, 16S, 172 , 21 8 2 19
com pa ra tive adjec tives, linking unreal co ndi t ionals, tenses in 166, d isapp ro val 168
'dislikingt verbs 60
with ao.\ 136 170, 172 , 21 8 dista nce 104
mo re + o ne-syllable adject ive 144 du, afte r negativ e adv erbinls 20 0
more/l ess + rwo-syllahle ad jectives co nd itiona l sen tences 22 0 sec also auxiliary verbs;
conjunctions 174 s u bst itu ti o n
144 sentence connecto rs 174 d ynamic ver bs 22 1
on e-syllable ad jectives an d
co nj unc tions E
adverbs + -er 144 additiona l exe rcise 23 8-9
phrases and cla uses con ditions 174 -cd cla uses see past part iciple
ddini tion o f 22 0 each see all (of), whole, every, eac h
as + adjecti ve + alan + nou n no un phrases, adding info rm at io n echo q uestions 54,222
14 6 to I 12 em phasising ad jectives 132, 2 19
as + adjective/ad verb as 146 reasons and resu lts 174 every sn' all (of), who le, every , each
go so/as far as + to-infinitive study guid e 250 exceptions 182
14 6 timc 174 ,2 17 excla ma tion ma rk 226
Il:SS + adjective + tha n 146 cxpccrurions 40
as liul d few as 146 connecting adverbs 150, 2 19
as m uch/many as 146 conrrasriug p
nnr + ad jccrivc/ ad vcrb + eno ugh
+ to -infinitive 146 alt hou gh, though, while and festiva ls 94
so + adjective/ad verb + as + to- whils t, with particip le clauses few, little, koss, and few er
intini rive 146 16 4
so + ad jl"(.1:ivel advl.'rb + that- (a) few, (a) little, ;15 pronou ns
clause 146 although and thou gh 164 1114
sufficiently + adjective 146 conju nctio ns 174
too + ad jective + alan + no uo even tho ugh and even if 164 the few , the lin k + noun, as 'nor
146 senre ncc connec tors 174 enough ' [04
100 + ad jective/ adverb + to- in spill' o f the fael tha t 164
intinirivc 146 wh ile/ whereas 164 few + person al prono uns 104
see also few, little, less, and fewer while/ whilsl 164 few and little, as informal
com plaining 12 could sec a bility; pe rm ission;
comp lc mcu r alternatives 104
aJ verbial phrases as 220 possibility; rqlurting; unrea l past less (th'ln) and fewer (Ihan) 104
definition of 220 'ountabldun'o unta ble noun s a little, as informal ale-m auv e
and linki ng verbs 42, 220, 221
and object 22 0 definiti on of 220 104
gene ralisat ions ab out classes of what few/w hat lirrlc, as ' rhe sma ll
prep<Jsitiona l phrase as 220
and subjec t 220 things 90 (num b...r/a mount )' I G4
transitive/intransitive verbs 56 grammar review 209 fewer see few, lillie , less, and fewer
with therc + be 190 finite verbs 223
see <115" verb compleme nta tion sec also alan, the, and zero a rticle; focu s adverbs 154 , 2 19
fo,usiug
compo und adjectives 138, 220 alan an a n ne; agreement, subject
compo und no uns a nd verb; all (of), whole, every, fro nti ng, fo r emp has is 198
ea ch; few, linle , less, an d fewer; it-cla uses 196
counta ble compo und nou ns 1\6 mu ch (o f), many (o f), a 101 of, wh-cla uscc 196
de finition of 220 lots (o f); o n e and o nes; SOOle w ha r-clnuses I ~6
gra mma r review 21 0 and any frequency ad ver bs
hyphen ated phrases, be fore noun s cr uic ising 12 wit h ha ve 10 36
might/ could + have + paSI indefirure frequency 2 19
86 parlkiple 34 pasl conti nuous with 4
nn un + nou o 1\6 negative ques tions 54, 207 posit io n of 14S, ISO, 152
no un + preposition + nou n 1\6 wilVwo uld , usc o f 32 present connnuous wi th 4
on e wo rd, sepa ra te wo rds, fuJI stop 226
u futur e continuous
hyphenated 210 arranged even ts/activities 22
plural forms !i6 dash (-) 174 grammar review 204
posses sive form s !i6 days o f the w ee k 94 imagining what is hap pening
two- an d three-word verbs, nouns dec lara tive sen te nces 220
defining rela tive cla uses 222 around no w 22
related to 86 pa rtic ular po int in futu re, relat ing
conclusi ons, dr awing see <llso rel at ive clauses
detinue article 2 19 sta rt o f event to 22
grammar review 205-6 repeat cdlr egula r events 22
must 36, 74 set'also a/ au, the, a nd zero article willin gness, avo idin g 22
degree adver bs 2 I 9

m uch, very m uch 154
wi th owing 10 160
posi lio n of 150, 154

Index future events a fter certai n verbs 172 il + verb . obj ect • ro-in finuivc
284 addi tiona l exercise 23 I a fter prepo sition 172 clau se 192
he abou t to + infinitive 24, 26 in clau se act ing as subject or
he goin g In + infinitive 20, 166, il + verb + that -clause 191
2 03 complement 172 il + verb + In-infinitive cla use 192
be to + mfinuive 24 noun + ad jective + as 10 wh et her no t as a lternative to noun as
co mmo n phrases fo r ta lking about
16 172 subject 191
gramma r review 20 3-4 wh ere subjec t is to-infi nitive , that -
past a nd present co ntinuo us for possihiliries, talki ng a bou t 172
intent io n II repo rt ing yes/ no questions 64 clau se, wh-clause or -ing clause
p ossibility, can/ co uld 30 hd ore to-in finitiv e 171
present conti nuous for 20 wheth er ... or not 171 '92
gra mmar review 20 4 if-clauses 120
info rmal arran gement s 22 afte r wou ld/wo uld like lJO it-clauses 4 8, 196, 1 20
present sim ple fo r futu re events 24
co ndino na l clauses 20 inve rsio n instead nf 19K J
fixed events 20 sho uld, were, had, and o mission
gra mm ar rev iew 20 3 jo hs/jo h t ides 92
if· cla uses 24 of if 168
supposc/s upposjng/w har if ... without mai n clauses 168 L
see also co nd it iona l clauses less St'e few, little, I ~s, an d fewer
20 imagina ry sit uations 31, 1 18 lin king veri'S
impe rative clauses 42, 166, 1 2 1
rime clause s 20 indefinite a rt icle 1 19 adjective patterns with UH, 140,
rea l co nditio na ls 166 see ateo alan, the, and zero article
seen f W IIl t he past indirec t obje ct 58, 11 1 16'
beco me and get 41
be supp osed 10 2 8 see <1150 o bject; verb ' bec oming'verbs 42
inte nt io ns 26 'bei ng'verhs 42
re porting 28 co m p le ment a t i o n a nd complem ent 42, 11 0, 1 21
wa s/ were to + infinitive 211 indirect questio ns 22 2 go and ru m 41
wa s/w ere to have + past 'sITming' verbs 42
particip le 28 see <llso reportin g stu dy guide 242-43
shall/shan'r ucrsus will/won'! 26 indirec r speech 113 supe rl.lIives 144
stu d}' guide 24 1 little see few, lin k , less, a nd few er
verbs + tu-infinirive, for intenti ons see IllsfJ reporting
26 in tinirive for ms 11 1 M
will + infinitiv e 203 inst rucrion s 24 , 166, 196
will and be go ing ro 18, 20 ma in clauses
futu re perfect gra mma r review 1 04-5 definition o f 22ll
and futu re pe rfect co ntin uo us 22 if-clau ses, without ma in clauses and relative clau se 11 2
passive fnrm 22 4
future sim ple 22 4 '68 ma nne r; ad verbs o f 148, 2 19
ma y see possibility
G intent io ns 26, 7H might see possibility; un real past
gene ralisations 90 inrcrru pred past actions/events 8 mod a l ver bs
geog ra phical areas 90 int rans itive ver bs see
glossary 2 19-23 ad ditiona l exercise 23 1-32
going 10 see will and be goin g 10 rransirive/in rmnsinve verbs au xilia ry verbs 2 19
grada blc adjecnves 1.14, lJ6, 2 16, introducing new mpic 196 definition o f 21 1
IIIV CrSIO n gra mmar review 204-6
219 with pcrforrnanves 2
gr ading ad verhs IJ 4,2 19 additio nal exe rcise 139 repllr ling to repo n ed cla use,
adve rbs u f direc tion of moveme nt
H summary of cha nges 74
have (got) 10 36, 205 -6 '"a fter negative adv erbials 200 slUd~' gu ide 241
having + past particip le (-cd) cla use much (of), many (o f), a lot of, lOIS
a fter neither and nor 20 0
62, 116, 220 a fter lime adve rbs 151 (of) roo
hol idays 94 fro m ing, for em phas is 19H
however 174 with here co mes, there g ill'S 19H mu sl
instea d of if-clau ses 198 dr awi ng concl usions 36
I with so + ad jective 1 00 form al rules, reg ulat ion, and
-ing (preSt'nt part ici ple) form with suc h + be, for emphasis of warnings ,16
an d hav e (got) to 36, 205-6
gra mma r review 21 4- 15 extent/ degree 200 must/m ust n't , in repo rt ing 74
no n-finite cla uses 22 1 with as and th a n, in com par isons nccd tn't ], don't have In , mustn'l
206
prepositiona l object 222 '9" pro posing future arrangements 36
red uced relative clauses 221
o f verb and subjec t 21 1 N
see <llso partici ple ad jectives: ver b irregu la r verbs 117-18 names, of people 80, ~2
co mplc menra riou na rrative 64
;, na tionality adjectives 1.16
if, in co mp arison cla uses 168 necessity 205-6
if and whet her il is/ wa s no I'USIIS there is/ was no need

'9' ill formal writt en English 311
need(n 'I), don 'I have 10 , mu sm 'r,
as ohlect of verb 194
reporting with passive for ms 50 don 'I need 10 38, 206
with view poin t ver bs 194 as ordi nar y t 'erSlf 5 moda l verb 38
it, irnrod ucm ry in qu estions 38
to foc us attenti on on se ntence

cle ment 192
ir + he + adjective/ nou n 192
il + verb + obj ect + that-cla use

192