2017 Green Science Portfolio
Directions: Open google Classroom and past the pages from the following proiects into this
document. Each assignment should begin on a NEW PAGE! I am excited to see all of your
work in one document! It should look really impressive because you have all worked extremely
hard this year!
Table of Contents:
1. Title Page
2. Survey Graph Conclusion
3. Data Table
4. Graph
5. Write a short conclusion of 5 sentences
Sports-x Results-y
Football
Soccer 4
Softball 9
Baseball 2
5
In this survey the question asked was each students favorite sport out of the choices of football,
soccer, softball, and baseball. After asking all of the other students the answers were tallied up.
The results were, football with four, soccer with nine, softball with two, and baseball with five. All
together there was a total of twenty responses. These results showed that soccer was the
favorite sport of the class.
6. Experiment Presentation
7. Quiz: Scientific Method
QUIZ: Scientific Method
Directions: R ead the following description of an experiment and complete the
components of the scientific method.
Experiment: Mr. Smithers believes that a special compound could help his workers
produce more “widgets” in one week. The chemical supply store sent him 3 different
compounds to try on his 100 workers. The following are the chemicals:
A. Sodium chloride
B. Magnesium hydroxide
C. Calcium sulfate
D. Water
*Help Mr. Smithers design an effective experiment and write a conclusion that analyzes
your results.
Problem Statement
Will different chemicals enhance the performance of the workers?
Hypothesis
If the workers drink water, then their performance will increase?
Independent Variable
Sodium Chloride Magnesium Calcium sulfate Water
Hydroxide
Dependent Variable Time workers have to produce ¨widgets¨
Amount of ¨widgets¨ made
Constants (Pick 2)
Amount of each chemical given to workers
Control
Worker with water
Basic Procedures:
(List 5-8 steps)
1. Split workers into groups of 25; 2. Give each group of workers a different one of the
chemicals; 3. Make sure all supplies of chemicals are equal; 4.
2. Allow all workers to work in the factory for one week while using the chemical; 5.
Record amount of ¨widgets¨ made by each group in a week;
Data Table: (Place data table here) Amount of Widgets
Chemical
Sodium Chloride 1786
Water 1949
Magnesium Hydroxide 2105
Calcium Sulfate 803
Graph: (Place graph here)
Conclusion: In this experiment four chemicals were tested to see which one improved the
productivity of factory workers, or to see how many ¨widgets¨ could be made in one week. The
four chemicals tested were sodium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, and water.
The workers were split up into groups of twenty-five and each group was given the same
amount of a different one of the chemicals. Each group worked for one week. In the end
magnesium hydroxide improved the workers productivity the most. The magnesium hydroxide
group made a total of 2105 ¨widgets¨. On the other hand the chemical group that performed the
worst was the calcium sulfate group with only 803 ¨widgets¨. Due to the surprising performance
of the magnesium hydroxide group, the hypothesis that the group with water would perform the
best was proven wrong.
8. Density Lab Report
9. Density Quiz
Density QUIZ
1. The scientist collected an object with a density of 6.4 g/cm3 and a
volume of 79 cm3 . What is the mass of this object?
D= m
v
M=d (v)
M=6.4g/cm (79cm)
M=505.6g3
2. An irregularly shaped stone was lowered into a graduated cylinder
holding a volume of water equal to 50.0mL. The height of the water rose
to 68 mL. If the mass of the stone was 125.0g, what was its density?
D= m
v
125.0g
D= 18ml
D= 6.94g/ml3
3. A scientist had 350.0 grams of Gold (Au) and a 530.0 gram sample of
Silver on the lab table. Which metal would have a greater volume
(cm3 ) ? Explain. *Show all work.
Gold Silver
D= m D= m
v v
350g
19.32g/cm3 = v 10.5= 530g
v
V= 350g 530g
19.32g/cm V= 10.5g/cm
V=18.1cm3 V=50.5cm3
Silver would have the greater volume of 50.5cm3
compared to gold’s 18.1cm3 .
4. Explain why the Titanic sank after hitting the iceberg. Use data to
explain your answer.
Water has a density of 1. The Titanic had a density below one to float
above the water. When the ship hit the iceberg it began to take on water
and lose the air that was inside it. The water coming into the ship changed
its density to somewhere above 1. Due to this the Titanic could no longer
float and began to sink.
10. Scientific Method Presentation
11. Phase Change of Water Lab
12. Phase Change Lab Correct
13. Quiz: Phase Changes
QUIZ: Phase Changes
Directions: Analyze the following data table with data collected by a scientist that wanted to
study how Heat Energy affects the Phase Changes of 2 different metals. Respond to the
questions below and perform all necessary calculations.
Data Table:
Metal Mass Heat of Melting Boiling Heat of Specific Heat
Fusion Pt. (C) Pt. ( C) Vaporization Heat Energy
(cal/g) (cal/gC) (cal)
(cal/g)
Aluminum 65 g 95 660 2467 2500 0.21 24665
Gold 65 g
15 1063 2800 377 0.03 3387
Scientific Method (_4__ out of 4)
Independent Variable:
Metal
Dependent Variable:
Heat energy
Constant:
Mass, Units of measurement
Control:
Water
Calculate Heat Energy:
Apply the following Equations:
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion * SH
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature
Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization Boiling Heat of
Data Table: Pt. ( C) Vaporization
Metal Mass Heat of Melting (cal/g) Specific Heat
Fusion Pt. (C) Heat Energy
(cal/g) (cal/gC) (cal)
Aluminum 65 g 95 660 2467 2500 0.21 24665
Gold 65 g 15 1063 2800 377 0.03 3387
*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS
Math Steps (__3.6__ out of 4)
A. Aluminum
Heat= M* Heat of Fusion
Heat= 65g(95)
Heat= 6175 cal
Heat= M* Change in Temperature * SH
Heat= 65g(2467-660)(.21)
Heat= 65g(1807)(.21)
Heat= 24665.55 cal
Heat= M* Heat of Vaporization
Heat= 65g(2500)
Heat= 126500cal
B. Gold
Heat= M* Heat of Fusion
Heat= 65g(15)
Heat= 975cal
Heat= M* Change in Temperature* SH
Heat= 65g(2800-1063)(.03)
Heat= 65g(1737)(.03)
Heat= 3387.15cal
Heat= M* Heat of Vaporization
Heat= 65g(377)
Heat= 24505cal
Graph your results (__3.5__ out of 4):
Write a Conclusion (___3_ out of 4):
In conclusion, aluminum took more heat energy than gold. This is because aluminum took
24665 calories, and gold took only 3387 calories. This means that in order to put these metals
through all of the phase changes, aluminum would require the most heat energy.
Questions:
1. How are Heat and Temperature different for the following pictures of boiling w ater?
Explain: (Hint: Use the Heat equation)
Temperature and heat are different in the two pictures of boiling water. If both bodies of water
were boiling they would both have to be 100 degrees. Therefore, the temperature would be the
same. Although the heat would be much different. It would be different because the mass of
each body of water are drastically different. The one with more mass(the ocean) would take
much more heat energy to boil than the water with lower mass(the beaker).
2. Water has a Specific Heat of 1.0 cal/gC and Gold has a Specific Heat of 0.03 cal/gC.
Use the data to explain the difference between their numbers.
Since water has a specific heat of 1 cal/gC, it would take one calorie per gram of water to go up
one degree. On the other hand, gold takes only .03 cal/gC. This means that it takes only .03
calories per gram of gold to raise the temperature one degree.
14. Boiling Point and Elevation Presentation
15. Mass% Practice
16. Quiz: Classifying Matter
QUIZ: Classifying Matter
I. Directions: Identify the following as either a Heterogeneous Mixture, Homogeneous Mixture,
Element or Compound. Write the following letters in Column B for your choices:
A. Heterogeneous
B. Homogeneous
C. Element
D. Compound
Column A Column B
Salad A
Copper C
Lemonade B
Rocks, sand, gravel A
Salt Water B
Gold C
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) D
Air B
K2SO4 D
Twix, snickers, pretzels, popcorn A
II. Directions: Determine the Mass % of each mixture and construct the appropriate graphs.
Mixture A Mass (g) %
Large Rocks 125 51.9%
Small Rocks 75 31.1%
Coarse Sand 32 13.3%
Iron 9 3.7%
Mass = m * 100 Mass = m * 100
total total
125g 32g
Mass = 241g * 100 Mass = 241g * 100
Mass = 51.9% Mass = 13.3%
Mixture B Mass (g) %
Large Rocks 205 52.7%
Small Rocks 58 14.9%
Coarse Sand 97 24.9%
Iron 29 7.5%
389
Calculation Examples (Provide 2 Examples showing how you determined the Mass %)
Mass = m * 100 Mass = m * 100
total total
125g 205g
Mass = 241g * 100 Mass = 389g * 100
Mass = 51.9% Mass = 52.7%
Graphs:
Mixture A
Mixture B
Part III. Determine the Mass % of Elements in each Compound:
K2S O4 - Potassium Sulfate Total: 135
(Show Math Here)
Potassium: 2/ Mass = 39
Mass =
m * 100
total
Mass = 39 * 100
135
Mass = 29%
Sulfur: 1/ Mass = 32
Mass =
m * 100
total
Mass = 32 * 100
135
Mass = 23.7%
Oxygen: 4/ Mass = 64
Mass= m * 100 Mass = 64 *100 Mass = 47.4%
total 135
Na3 PO4 - Sodium Phosphate Total: 117
(Show Math Here)
Sodium: 3/ Mass = 23
Mass = m * 100
tot
Mass = 23 * 100
117
Mass = 19.7%
Phosphorus: 1/ Mass= 30
Mass = m * 100
tot
Mass = 30 * 100
117
Mass = 25.6%
Oxygen: 4/ Mass = 64
Mass = m * 100
tot
Mass = 64 * 100
117
Mass = 54.7%
IV. Conclusion: Explain the difference between Mixtures and Compounds using data. Compare
the pie charts.
Mixtures and compounds are different in a couple ways. A mixture consists of two or more
substances that are put together and can be separated physically. There are two types of
mixtures, heterogeneous and homogeneous. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that is not
easily separated by physical means. A heterogeneous mixture can easily be separated. An
example of a mixture is “mixture A” on the test. It contains things like rocks sand and iron, and
each has a different mass percentage. With mixtures, two different mixtures can have the same
ingredients but have completely different mass percentages. An example of this is the difference
between “mixture A” and “mixture B”. On these graphs coarse grained sand has two different
percentages. In “mixture A” sand has 13.3%, while “mixture B” has 24.9%. Compounds are
made of two or more elements that cannot be separated by physical means. Compounds can
also not be different, to make a certain compound there is only one “recipe”. For example
Sodium Phosphate, as used on the test, has its own specific recipe. It has to be 3 sodium
atoms, 1 phosphorus atom, and 4 oxygen atoms (Na3 PO4 ) . If it is not exactly that it is not
sodium phosphate. Therefore a mixture is a separable mixture of two or more substances that
can be arranged with any mass percentages, and a compound is an inseparable uniform
combination of two or more atoms.
Bonus:
Explain how you separated the Salt from the Sand. Use as much new vocabulary as you can.
While separating the salt from the sand, the sand was placed on a coffee filter. The filter was
then placed inside a funnel. Water, the solvent, was then poured over the sand. As the water
trickled through, the dissolved salt, which is the solute, came through with it. The salt water was
later placed on a hot plate. The heat energy caused the water to evaporate leaving behind the
salt crystals.
17. Quiz: Solubility
QUIZ: Solubility
Directions: Use the Solubility Graph to answer the following questions.
Graph
I. Solubility Graph
Questions:
1. What is the Solubility of KClO3 at 40 C?
About 15g of solute per 100g of H2O
2. What is the Solubility of NH4C l at 70 C?
60 g
3. What Temperature would 80 grams of KNO3 completely dissolve and become saturated?
50 C
4. Suppose you have 120 grams of NaNO3 at 30 C. Is the solution Unsaturated, Saturated or
Supersaturated and how many grams can you add/or take away to make it Saturated?
It is supersaturated, you would have to take away 25 grams.
5. Suppose you have 120 grams of NaNO3 at 30 C. What could you do to the Beaker to make
the solution Saturated? (Use Data from graph here)
You could increase the temperature to 55C, or you could take out 25 grams of solute
6. Suppose you have 70 grams of KNO3 at 60 C. Is the solution Unsaturated, Saturated or
SuperSaturated and how many grams can you add/or take away to make it Saturated?
The solution is unsaturated you could add 30 g of solute to make it saturated
7. Suppose you have 70 grams of KNO3 at 60 C. What could you do to the Beaker to make the
solution Saturated? (Use Data from graph here).
You could cool the beaker down 15 C to make it saturated
II. Soluble vs. Insoluble
Directions: Use your Solubility Rules Chart to determine if the following compounds are Soluble
or Insoluble.
Compound Soluble or Insoluble Identify the Rule # Used
Sodium chloride Soluble 1
Silver nitrate Soluble 4
Ammonium nitrate Soluble 2
Calcium carbonate Insoluble 8
Zinc sulfide Insoluble 7
AgCl Insoluble 3
Na2 S O4 Soluble 1
Calcium phosphate Insoluble 10
PbBr2 Insoluble 3
III. Use your Solubility Rules to Determine how the beaker would look in the following chemical
reactions:
Reaction #1
Potassium Chloride + Silver Nitrate → Potassium Nitrate + Silver Chloride
Ions K+1Cl- `1 + Ag+1N O3-1 > K+1N O3 - 1 + Ag+ 1C l-1
Reaction KCl + AgNO3
> KNO3 + AgCl
Reaction #2
Lithium Phosphate + Calcium Sulfate > Lithium Sulfate + CAlcium Phosphate
Ions Ca+ 2S O4 -2 → Li+ 1S O4- 2 + Ca+2PO4 -3
Li+1PO4- 3 + + Ca3( PO4)2
CaSO4 → Li2SO4
Reaction
Li3 PO4 +
IV. Conclusion:
Write a conclusion explaining the results of one of the reaction. You should focus on the
appearance of the final beaker. Your conclusion should also discuss the % of Oxygen between
2 of the compounds in the same reaction. I n the second reaction, the chemicals Lithium
Phosphate and Calcium Sulfate. When the chemicals were put in the solvent they split up
into positive and negative ions. Those ions mixed with the other positive and negative
ions and caused a chemical reaction. The products of that chemical reaction were
Lithium Sulfate and Calcium Phosphate. Each starting chemical had 4 atoms of oxygen.
Although Lithium Phosphate had 63% oxygen, while Calcium Sulfate had only 47%
oxygen. When the chemical reaction occurred the results were, Lithium Sulfate with 62%
oxygen and Calcium Phosphate with 48% oxygen.
V. W hat is wrong with the following formula: (PO4 )2 Na
The negative element is placed before the positive element. Also the ionic
charges were not crossed correctly. It would be Na3 PO4 .
18. #3 Activity: Conservation of Mass
19. Isotope Essay
20. Chemical Formulas I and II Lab
21. Chemistry I Review
22. Atomic Structure: Google Form (Jan.5)
23. Velocity Project
24. Velocity Worksheet Word Problems
25. Acceleration Worksheet
26. Quiz: Motion
Potential Energy Project
Due: Friday 3/17
Define and make note cards for the following words:
Energy Joules Chemical Potential Law of Conservation
the strength and the SI unit of work or
vitality required for energy, equal to the Energy of Energy
sustained physical or work done by a force
mental activity. of one newton when is a form of the law of
its point of application potential energy conservation of
moves one meter in that can be energy states that
the direction of action absorbed or the total energy of
of the force. released during a an isolated system
chemical reaction remains
or phase transition. constant—it is said
to be conserved
over time. Energy
can neither be
created nor
destroyed; rather, it
transforms from
one form to
another.
Kinetic Energy Kilojoules Elastic Potential Gravity
the force that attracts
energy that a body A kilojoule is a unit Energy a body toward the
possesses by virtue of measure of center of the earth, or
of being in motion. energy, in the same is Potential energy toward any other
way that kilometres stored as a result of physical body having
measure distance. deformation of an mass. For most
kilojoules = 4,184 elastic object, such purposes Newton's
joules = 1 Calorie = as the stretching of laws of gravity apply,
1 kilocalorie = a spring. It is equal
to the work done to
1,000 calories. stretch the spring, with minor
which depends modifications to take
upon the spring the general theory of
constant k as well relativity into account.
as the distance
stretched.
Potential Energy Gravitational Mechanical Energy
the energy
possessed by a body Potential Energy the energy of an
by virtue of its object or system
position relative to is energy an object due to its motion or
others, stresses possesses because position. It is the
within itself, electric of its position in a sum of the kinetic
charge, and other gravitational field. and potential
factors. The most common energy of an object.
use of gravitational
potential energy is
for an object near
the surface of the
Earth where the
gravitational
acceleration can be
assumed to be
constant at about
9.8 m/s2.
Resource: h ttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Determine the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) of 3 different masses (g) at 3 different
heights.
3 objects: You, gallon of milk, television (research the masses)
Milk: 4kg Me: 66kg
Gravity: 9.8m/s/s Gravity: 9.8m/s/s
Height: 70 meters Height: 70 meters
GPE= M*G*H GPE= M*G*H
GPE= 4kg*9.8m/s/s*70m GPE= 66kg*9.8m/s/s*70m
GPE= 2744 GPE= 45276
TV: 22kg
Gravity:9.8m/s/s
Height:70 meters
GPE= M*G*H
GPE= 22kg*9.8m/s/s*70m
GPE= 15092
* 2.2 lbs = 1 kg
Data Table:
Your data table will need: Object, mass, gravity, height, GPE
Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5JeLiSBqQY
*Video shows you how to use the GPE equation.
Determine the GPE of one of the masses on the following planets:
“Kotulskian” - 17% greater than Earth’s Gravity
“Danuzzitopia” - 39% less than Earth’s Gravity
“Carlucciville” - 82% greater than Earth’s Gravity
“Cheshire” - 63% less than Earth’s Gravity
Calculations:
Change the names below
A. Planet Goffinian: G = 11.466m/s/s
(me)GPE= M*G*H
GPE= 66kg*11.466m/s/s*70m
GPE=
B. Planet Cabrerian: G = 52972.92 J
5.978m/s/s
(me)GPE= M*G*H
GPE= 66kg*5.978m/s/s*70m
GPE= 27618.36 J
C. Planet Biondi: G = 17.836m/s/s
(me)GPE= M*G*H
GPE=17.836m/s/s*66kg*70m
GPE= 82402.32 J
D. Planet Guralnick: G = 3.626m/s/s
G= 66kg*3.626m/s/s*70m
G=16752.12 J
Data Table:
Planets Mass Height Gravity GPE
Goffin 66kg 70m 11.466m/s/s 52972.92 J
Biondi 66kg 70m 17.836m/s/s 82402.32 J
Cabrerian 66kg 70m 5.978m/s/s 27618.36 J
Guralnick 66kg 70m 3.626m/s/s
16752.12 J
Graph:
Critical Thinking Questions:
1. What factors affect Gravitational Potential Energy? Gravity, mass and height affect the
GPE because the speed is changed
2. Why did the GPE change on the other planets? T he GPE changed due to the difference
in gravitational pull on the different planets.
3. Which planet would you be able to hit a golf ball further? Explain using data. Y ou would
be able to hit a golf ball farthest on Guralnick, this is because there is less gravity than
on any of the other planets at only 3.626m/s/s.
4. How does GPE relate to Chemical Potential Energy?
5. How do Energy companies use GPE to generate Electrical Energy? Give an example
Some companies use wind energy to create electricity. They do this by using wind tho
turn turbines that power a generator.
6. What happens to the GPE when the object falls to the ground? Describe the Energy
transformations along the way. Use a diagram.
Worksheet 1:
http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078600510/student_view0/unit1/chapter4/math_practice_2.html
Worksheet 2: h ttp://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/ssp/HK1MSW65.PDF
45276
TV: 22kg
Gravity:9.8m/s/s
Height:70 meters
GPE= M*G*H
GPE= 22kg*9.8m/s/s*70m
GPE= 15092
Kinetic Energy Project
Objective: 7.1.b. Energy can be stored in many forms and can be
transformed into the energy of motion.
Problem Statement:
1. Design an experiment to test how changing the angle of a ramp affects Kinetic
Energy?
2. What is the velocity of a roller coaster at the bottom of the hill?
Hypothesis:
The velocity of the roller coaster will be greatest when it reaches the bottom of the hill, due to
the increased kinetic energy.
Independent Variable:
Velocity
Dependent Variable:
Height
MGH= .5mv2
40.7g(9.8ms/s)(.563364cm)=.5(40.7g)v2
v=3.323
*Use the following angles: 8, 18, 28
Example: Suppose you want to make a ramp with a 23 degree angle. Look up 23
degrees on the Angle Chart and find the sine (decimal). 20.35
Sin 23 = 0.39
Substitute Sin 23 with 0.39
0.39 = opposite
hypotenuse
Car=40.7g
0.39 = opposite (height of ramp)
180 cm
Data Analysis - Write your data analysis paragraph here
In this experiment a car’s final and average velocity were measured from
three different angles, using the formulas GPE=KE and V=D/T. The
hypothesis was if the final velocity would be greater than the average
velocity. The three different angles were 8 degrees, 18 degrees and 28
degrees. On the 8 degree ramp, the car had an average velocity of
.69m/s and a final velocity of 1.81m/s. The 18 degree ramp gave the car
an average velocity of 1.01m/s and a final velocity of 2.69m/s. Finally, the
ramp with an angle of 28 degrees gave the car an average velocity of
1.74m/s and the final velocity of 3.31m/s. In conclusion, the hypothesis
that the final velocity would be greater was correct.
Data Analysis Rubric (Self Evaluate) 34
Lab Rubric - Data Analysis Sections
12
Data/ ____Data is poorly ____Data is ____Data is ___Data is clearly
Observations organized or missing represented in a represented in the and accurately
altogether. table or graph, but table or graph with represented in a
No mention of it is incomplete or minor errors. More table or graph.
observations there are major complete discussion Observations
errors. Some of observations. include discussion
discussion of of both qualitative
observations and quantitative
observations.
Conclusion/ ____No conclusion is ____Somewhat ____Adequately ____Clearly explains
Analysis written in this report or it explains whether or explains whether or whether or not the
is very brief. No data is not the hypothesis not the hypothesis hypothesis was
cited. was supported. was supported. supported. Data
____No analysis is ____ Possible Data is cited to was cited to support
included or it is extremely sources of error are support hypothesis. the hypothesis.
brief no sources of error somewhat ____Possible ____Possible
are explained. explained. sources of error are sources of error are
____No discussion of ____ No discussion adequately clearly explained.
patterns or trends in the of patterns or explained.
data trends ____Some ____Trends and
discussion of Patterns in the data
patterns or trend in are clearly
the data discussed.
Self Evaluate Self Evaluate Score (1-4)
Category
Scientific Method
-Hypothesis
-Identify the variables
Math Examples
-Angle steps shown
-KE steps shown
Graph
-Accurate
-Informative
Data Analysis
-Hypothesis correct?
-Support for hypothesis
-Transition words
Reading
Comprehension
-Article questions
Article: Everyday Energy
Read the article and answer the questions.
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.D
6.A
7.C
8. The Hoover Dam provides power to california and Nevada and Arizona by harnessing the
converted potential energy production of the Hoover Dam.
9.How much water is required downriver from the dam and the water levels of Lake Mead
determine the energy production of the Hoover Dam.
10. Students should communicate that if there is a drought then Lake Mead will have less water
if Lake Mead has less water then there will be less potential energy stored in Lake Mead.If there
is less potential energy,then there will be less kinetic energy created by water flowing through
the Hoover Dam.
FINAL PART - Roller Coaster Physics
Objective:
1. When energy is transformed, the total amount of energy stays constant (is conserved).
2. Work is done to lift an object, giving it gravitational potential energy (weight x height). The
gravitational potential energy of an object moving down a hill is transformed into kinetic
energy as it moves, reaching maximum kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill.
Use either:
GPEtop = KEb ottom
1. Cyclone - Coney Island
Height of largest hill -
Mass of Coaster/number of riders -
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -
2. Pick your own coaster
Height of largest hill
Mass of Coaster/number of riders
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -
*Write about your results in a paragraph.
1.58 second
1.8 seconds
1.82 seconds
(8)AVE V= .69m/s
GPE=KE
MGH=.5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.563)=20.35
(8 degrees)X= 120* .13917
(8 degrees)X=16.7004
(18 degrees)X= 120* .30902
(18 degrees)X= 37.0824
(28 degrees)X= 120* .46947
(28 degrees)X= 56.3364
GPE=KE
mgh=.5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.167cm)=.5(40.7g)v2
v=1.8091987
GPE=KE
MGH= .5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.370824cm)= .5(40.7g)v2
=20.35
v=2.69
GPE=KE
MGH= .5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.5634)= 20.35
V=3.307
1.17seconds
1.11 seconds
1.27seconds
(18)Ave V= 1.01m/s
.74sec
.68sec
.64sec
(28)AVE V= 1.74m/s
Hypothesis:
The velocity of the roller coaster will be greatest when it reaches the bottom of the hill, due to
the increased kinetic energy.
Independent Variable:
Velocity
Dependent Variable:
Height
MGH= .5mv2
40.7g(9.8ms/s)(.563364cm)=.5(40.7g)v2
v=3.323
*Use the following angles: 8, 18, 28
Example: S uppose you want to make a ramp with a 23 degree angle. Look up 23
degrees on the Angle Chart and find the sine (decimal). 20.35
Sin 23 = 0.39
Substitute Sin 23 with 0.39
0.39 = opposite
hypotenuse
Car=40.7g
0.39 = opposite (height of ramp)
180 cm
solve for opposite (height of ramp)
Data Analysis - Write your data analysis paragraph here
In this experiment a car’s final and average velocity were measured from
three different angles, using the formulas GPE=KE and V=D/T. The
hypothesis was if the final velocity would be greater than the average
velocity. The three different angles were 8 degrees, 18 degrees and 28
degrees. On the 8 degree ramp, the car had an average velocity of
.69m/s and a final velocity of 1.81m/s. The 18 degree ramp gave the car
an average velocity of 1.01m/s and a final velocity of 2.69m/s. Finally, the
ramp with an angle of 28 degrees gave the car an average velocity of
1.74m/s and the final velocity of 3.31m/s. In conclusion, the hypothesis
that the final velocity would be greater was correct.
Data Analysis Rubric (Self Evaluate) 3 4
Lab Rubric - Data Analysis Sections
12
Data/ ____Data is poorly ____Data is ____Data is ___Data is clearly
Observations organized or missing represented in a represented in the and accurately
altogether. table or graph, but table or graph with represented in a
No mention of it is incomplete or minor errors. More table or graph.
observations there are major complete discussion Observations
errors. Some of observations. include discussion
discussion of of both qualitative
observations and quantitative
observations.
Conclusion/ ____No conclusion is ____Somewhat ____Adequately ____Clearly explains
Analysis written in this report or it explains whether or explains whether or whether or not the
is very brief. No data is not the hypothesis not the hypothesis hypothesis was
cited. was supported. was supported. supported. Data
____No analysis is ____ Possible Data is cited to was cited to support
included or it is extremely sources of error are support hypothesis. the hypothesis.
brief no sources of error somewhat ____Possible ____Possible
are explained. explained. sources of error are sources of error are
____No discussion of ____ No discussion adequately clearly explained.
patterns or trends in the of patterns or explained.
data trends ____Some ____Trends and
discussion of Patterns in the data
patterns or trend in are clearly
the data discussed.
Self Evaluate Self Evaluate Score (1-4)
Category
Scientific Method
-Hypothesis
-Identify the variables
Math Examples
-Angle steps shown
-KE steps shown
Graph
-Accurate
-Informative
Data Analysis
-Hypothesis correct?
-Support for hypothesis
-Transition words
Reading
Comprehension
-Article questions
Article: E veryday Energy
Read the article and answer the questions.
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.D
6.A
7.C
8. The Hoover Dam provides power to california and Nevada and Arizona by harnessing the
converted potential energy production of the Hoover Dam.
9.How much water is required downriver from the dam and the water levels of Lake Mead
determine the energy production of the Hoover Dam.
10. Students should communicate that if there is a drought then Lake Mead will have less water
if Lake Mead has less water then there will be less potential energy stored in Lake Mead.If there
is less potential energy,then there will be less kinetic energy created by water flowing through
the Hoover Dam.
FINAL PART - Roller Coaster Physics
Objective:
1. When energy is transformed, the total amount of energy stays constant (is conserved).
2. Work is done to lift an object, giving it gravitational potential energy (weight x height). The
gravitational potential energy of an object moving down a hill is transformed into kinetic
energy as it moves, reaching maximum kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill.
Use either:
GPEt op = KEb ottom
1. Cyclone - Coney Island
Height of largest hill -
Mass of Coaster/number of riders -
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -
2. Pick your own coaster
Height of largest hill
Mass of Coaster/number of riders
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -
1.58 second
1.8 seconds
1.82 seconds
(8)AVE V= .69m/s
GPE=KE
MGH=.5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.563)=20.35
(8 degrees)X= 120* .13917
(8 degrees)X=16.7004
(18 degrees)X= 120* .30902
(18 degrees)X= 37.0824
(28 degrees)X= 120* .46947
(28 degrees)X= 56.3364
GPE=KE
mgh=.5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.167cm)=.5(40.7g)v2
v=1.8091987
GPE=KE
MGH= .5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.370824cm)= .5(40.7g)v2
=20.35
v=2.69
GPE=KE
MGH= .5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.5634)= 20.35
V=3.307
1.17seconds
1.11 seconds
1.27seconds
(18)Ave V= 1.01m/s
.74sec
.68sec
.64sec
(28)AVE V= 1.74m/s
Hypothesis:
The velocity of the roller coaster will be greatest when it reaches the bottom of the hill, due to
the increased kinetic energy.
Independent Variable:
Velocity
Dependent Variable:
Height
MGH= .5mv2
40.7g(9.8ms/s)(.563364cm)=.5(40.7g)v2
v=3.323
*Use the following angles: 8, 18, 28
Example: S uppose you want to make a ramp with a 23 degree angle. Look up 23
degrees on the Angle Chart and find the sine (decimal). 20.35
Sin 23 = 0.39
Substitute Sin 23 with 0.39
0.39 = opposite
hypotenuse
Car=40.7g
0.39 = opposite (height of ramp)
180 cm
solve for opposite (height of ramp)
Data Analysis - W rite your data analysis paragraph here
In this experiment a car’s final and average velocity were measured from
three different angles, using the formulas GPE=KE and V=D/T. The
hypothesis was if the final velocity would be greater than the average
velocity. The three different angles were 8 degrees, 18 degrees and 28
degrees. On the 8 degree ramp, the car had an average velocity of
.69m/s and a final velocity of 1.81m/s. The 18 degree ramp gave the car
an average velocity of 1.01m/s and a final velocity of 2.69m/s. Finally, the
ramp with an angle of 28 degrees gave the car an average velocity of
1.74m/s and the final velocity of 3.31m/s. In conclusion, the hypothesis
that the final velocity would be greater was correct.
Data Analysis Rubric (Self Evaluate) 3 4
Lab Rubric - Data Analysis Sections
12
Data/ ____Data is poorly ____Data is ____Data is ___Data is clearly
Observations organized or missing represented in a represented in the and accurately
altogether. table or graph, but table or graph with represented in a
No mention of it is incomplete or minor errors. More table or graph.
observations there are major complete discussion Observations
errors. Some of observations. include discussion
discussion of of both qualitative
observations and quantitative
observations.
Conclusion/ ____No conclusion is ____Somewhat ____Adequately ____Clearly explains
Analysis written in this report or it explains whether or explains whether or whether or not the
is very brief. No data is not the hypothesis not the hypothesis hypothesis was
cited. was supported. was supported. supported. Data
____No analysis is ____ Possible Data is cited to was cited to support
included or it is extremely sources of error are support hypothesis. the hypothesis.
brief no sources of error somewhat ____Possible ____Possible
are explained. explained. sources of error are sources of error are
____No discussion of ____ No discussion adequately clearly explained.
patterns or trends in the of patterns or explained.
data trends ____Some ____Trends and
discussion of Patterns in the data
patterns or trend in are clearly
the data discussed.
Self Evaluate Self Evaluate Score (1-4)
Category
Scientific Method
-Hypothesis
-Identify the variables
Math Examples
-Angle steps shown
-KE steps shown
Graph
-Accurate
-Informative
Data Analysis
-Hypothesis correct?
-Support for hypothesis
-Transition words
Reading
Comprehension
-Article questions
Article: E veryday Energy
Read the article and answer the questions.
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.D
6.A
7.C
8. The Hoover Dam provides power to california and Nevada and Arizona by harnessing the
converted potential energy production of the Hoover Dam.
9.How much water is required downriver from the dam and the water levels of Lake Mead
determine the energy production of the Hoover Dam.
10. Students should communicate that if there is a drought then Lake Mead will have less water
if Lake Mead has less water then there will be less potential energy stored in Lake Mead.If there
is less potential energy,then there will be less kinetic energy created by water flowing through
the Hoover Dam.
FINAL PART - Roller Coaster Physics
Objective:
1. When energy is transformed, the total amount of energy stays constant (is conserved).
2. Work is done to lift an object, giving it gravitational potential energy (weight x height). The
gravitational potential energy of an object moving down a hill is transformed into kinetic
energy as it moves, reaching maximum kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill.
Determine the velocity of a full roller coaster of riders at the bottom of the largest hill. You can
use the following roller coasters:
Watch these Videos for help:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg
Use either:
GPEtop = KEbottom
1. Cyclone - Coney Island
Height of largest hill -
Mass of Coaster/number of riders -
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -
2. Pick your own coaster
Height of largest hill
Mass of Coaster/number of riders
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -
*Write about your results in a paragraph.
More resources:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSWl_Zj-CZs
Kinetic and Potential Energy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4V0NvUxRg
Kinetic and Potential Energy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btLU2lb3-xs
Bill Nye
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dpBVtAbKJU
Roller Coasters
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg
1.58 second
1.8 seconds
1.82 seconds
(8)AVE V= .69m/s
GPE=KE
MGH=.5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.563)=20.35
(8 degrees)X= 120* .13917
(8 degrees)X=16.7004
(18 degrees)X= 120* .30902
(18 degrees)X= 37.0824
(28 degrees)X= 120* .46947
(28 degrees)X= 56.3364
GPE=KE
mgh=.5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.167cm)=.5(40.7g)v2
v=1.8091987
GPE=KE
MGH= .5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.370824cm)= .5(40.7g)v2
=20.35
v=2.69
GPE=KE
MGH= .5mv2
40.7g(9.8m/s/s)(.5634)= 20.35
V=3.307
1.17seconds
1.11 seconds
1.27seconds
(18)Ave V= 1.01m/s
.74sec
.68sec
.64sec
(28)AVE V= 1.74m/s
Kinetic Energy Project
Objective: 7.1.b. Energy can be stored in many forms and can be
transformed into the energy of motion.
Problem Statement:
1. Design an experiment to test how changing the angle of a ramp affects Kinetic
Energy?
2. What is the velocity of a roller coaster at the bottom of the hill?
Hypothesis:
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
*Use the following angles: 8, 18, 28
Example: S uppose you want to make a ramp with a 23 degree angle. Look up 23
degrees on the Angle Chart and find the sine (decimal).
Sin 23 = 0.39
Substitute Sin 23 with 0.39
0.39 = opposite
hypotenuse
0.39 = opposite (height of ramp)
180 cm
solve for opposite (height of ramp)
*Angle Chart
*Include diagrams of the 3 Angles
*Include math examples for determining the angles and KE.
Video Resources:
1. How to solve KE problems: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tryiwu4RhSM
2. PE/KE: h ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
3. PE/KE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSWl_Zj-CZs
4. PE/KE: h ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4V0NvUxRg
Lab Rubric - Data Analysis Sections 3 4
12
Data/ ____Data is poorly ____Data is ____Data is ___Data is clearly
Observations organized or missing represented in a represented in the and accurately
altogether. table or graph, but table or graph with represented in a
No mention of it is incomplete or minor errors. More table or graph.
observations there are major complete discussion Observations
errors. Some of observations. include discussion
discussion of of both qualitative
observations and quantitative
observations.
Conclusion/ ____No conclusion is ____Somewhat ____Adequately ____Clearly explains
Analysis written in this report or it explains whether or explains whether or whether or not the
is very brief. No data is not the hypothesis not the hypothesis hypothesis was
cited. was supported. was supported. supported. Data
____No analysis is ____ Possible Data is cited to was cited to support
included or it is extremely sources of error are support hypothesis. the hypothesis.
brief no sources of error somewhat ____Possible ____Possible
are explained. explained. sources of error are sources of error are
____No discussion of ____ No discussion adequately clearly explained.
patterns or trends in the of patterns or explained.
data trends ____Some ____Trends and
discussion of Patterns in the data
patterns or trend in are clearly
the data discussed.
27.
28. Inclined Plane Project
QUIZ: Inclined Plane
Directions: Analyze the Inclined Plane Data Table that is shared on
Classroom and determine which machine has the greatest Actual
Mechanical Advantage (AMA).
Problem Statement:
How does the angle of an inclined plane affect the Mechanical
Advantage?
Hypothesis: (Use proper form!)
If the angle of the inclined plane decreases the mechanical advantage and efficiency
will increase because less work needs to be done.
Diagrams of Inclined Planes: (Label Diagrams)
Angle Chart: h ttps://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc
Calculations ( Examples):
IMA=Input Dist./Output AMA=Output Force/Input Efficiency= Work
Dist. Force Output/Work Input * 100
IMA= 150m/30m AMA= 7n/2n E=210J/300J*100
IMA=5 AMA=3.5N E=70
IMA=Input Dist./Output AMA=Output Force/ Input Efficiency= Work Out/ Work
Dist. Force In * 100
IMA= 90m/30m AMA=7n/3n E= 210j/270j*100
IMA= 3 AMA=2.34n E=78
Graph: ( Angle and Mechanical Advantage)
Conclusion:
Option #1 Write a Conclusion.
***Your conclusion must also address which machine would be impossible
and why?
In conclusion, during this experiment mechanical advantage was being
tested. The hypothesis was that as the angle of the ramp used in the
experiment decreased, the mechanical advantage and efficiency would
increase. The three angles tested were 11.5 degrees, 19.5 degrees and
37 degrees. The ramp with an angle of 1.5 degrees had an IMA(Ideal
Mechanical Advantage) of 5 newtons and an AMA(Actual Mechanical
Advantage) of 3.5 Newtons. The ramp at an angle of 19.5 degrees had an
IMA of 3 Newtons and an AMA of 2.34 Newtons. Finally, the ramp with
the angle 37 degrees had an IMA of 1.67 Newtons and an AMA of 1.75
Newtons. This final ramp would be impossible because the Ideal
Mechanical Advantage is lower than the Actual Mechanical Advantage.
This means that the ramp would not be useful because excessive force
would have to be used, making the ramp unnecessary. Although, within
the experiment, the hypothesis that stated that as the angle of the ramp
decreases the mechanical advantage increases, was proven correct due
to the data from the experiment.
Option #2 Building
Compare 2 famous buildings based on the following Inclined Plane Data.
A builder wanted to get a 60 kg bag of concrete to the top of the 2
buildings.
1. What would the length of the ramp be if the machine has:
IMA - 5.9
AMA - 3.7
2. What are the angles of the ramps?
3. Using Work Input and Output, what is the efficiency of the machines?
29.
Thermal (Heat) Energy Project
Chapter 6 (pg. 156-180)
DUE: Friday May 16th
1. Vocabulary - Define and make note cards
Conduction- Heat- t he quality of Insulator-a thing or Calorie-e ither of two
the process by which being hot; high substance used for units of heat energy.
heat or electricity is temperature insulation, in particular.
directly transmitted Usually in electrical
through a substance things.
when there is a
difference of
temperature or of
electrical potential
between adjoining
regions, without
movement of the
material.
Convection-t he Temperature-t he Second Law of Turbine-a machine for
Thermodynamics-t h
movement caused degree or intensity of producing continuous
within a fluid by the heat present in a e branch of physical power in which a wheel
tendency of hotter and substance or object, science that deals with or rotor, typically fitted
therefore less dense especially as expressed the relations between with vanes, is made to
material to rise, and according to a heat and other forms of revolve by a
colder, denser material comparative scale and energy (such as fast-moving flow of
to sink under the shown by a mechanical, electrical,
influence of gravity, thermometer or or chemical energy), water, steam, gas, air,
which consequently perceived by touch. and, by extension, of or other fluid.
results in transfer of the relationships
heat. between all forms of Generator-a thing
energy.
that generates
Radiation-t he Heat Engine-a Specific Heat-the something, in particular.
emission of energy as device for producing heat required to raise
electromagnetic waves motive power from the temperature of the
or as moving subatomic heat, such as a unit mass of a given
particles, especially gasoline engine or substance by a given
high-energy particles steam engine. amount (usually one
that cause ionization. degree).
First Law of Conductor-a material Kinetic
Thermodynamics- Energy-energy that a
or device that conducts
or transmits heat, body possesses by
electricity, or sound,
especially when virtue of being in
regarded in terms of its
capacity to do this.: motion.
"graphite is a
reasonably good
conductor of electricity".
2. Provide a diagram showing molecular motion in Solids, Liquids, and gases.
*How are they different?
3. Discuss the energy needed to change a 15 gram ice cube into steam. Use a
graph and one calculation from our unit on Phase Changes.
Heat= m* Hf
Heat= 15g * 80cal/gC
Heat= 1200cal/C
Heat= m* △T * SH
Heat= 15g * 100 C * 1cal/gC
Heat= 1500cal
Heat= m * Hv
Heat= 15g* 540cal/gC
Heat= 8100cal
Heat= 1200+1500+8100
Heat=10800cal
4. What is the difference between Heat and Temperature? Provide a definition,
picture and video link to help you review.
Heat- t he quality of being hot; high temperature
Temperature-the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as
expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHLkFde_NyM
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