TECHNOFUN GRADE 7

A Note from Deputy Commissioner, KVS Delhi Region

It is an established fact that the computer education in school plays an
important role in overall development of students. Computer with an
internet access is the most powerful weapon, which opens the doorway of
all information, knowledge and skill available in this universe. However,
there was a definite syllabus but in the absence of any study material
transaction of the computer literacy as a subject was limited to the
imagination of the teacher.

With the advent of new era of artificial intelligence, it is need of the time to
introduce technology and coding at an early stage to students, in a
uniformed and standard way. In our endeavour to help students become
better equipped and confident, we have taken the initiative to develop
syllabi and textbooks which touch all the paradigm of teaching ICT in well
directed manner.

This book series for class 3 to 8 has been developed with efforts of many
teachers and contributions from academicians of KVS Delhi Region. It is
based on detailed computer literacy syllabus as per CCE(RTE) and all
applications taught are based on free and open source software.

The lesson is based on interaction between two students from primary
classes to encourage auto didacticism and to teach them how to think and
improve problem solving. We have focused on content and skills to lay a
strong foundation for learning computers.

The accomplishment of this venture depends on the cooperation of all
principals and teachers who will encourage children, guide them and help
them at different steps and give them infrastructure and proper guidance
to use this Book.

Comments on the book and suggestions for next edition are most
welcome and may be sent to [email protected].

(Nagendra Goyal)
Deputy Commissioner



KVS DELHI REGION 2021

CLASS 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL.NO. UNITS PAGE
NUMBER
1 CODE -DECODE
1
2 PYTHON 5
22
3 PYTHON PROGRAMMING 31
41
4 INTRODUCTION OF GIMP
56
5 MORE ABOUT GIMP
64
6 MORE APPLICATION OF
INTERNET 72

7 COMPUTER SECURITY

8 APPENDIX I (ANSWERS)

KVS DELHI REGION 2021

SYLLABUS

CLASS 7

Quarter - APRIL to JUNE

Sl.No. Units Contents

1 Code -Decode 1.1 Coding

2 Python 1.2 Decoding

1.3 Puzzle Test

Concept of Coding?

2.1 2.1.1 Algorithm & Flowchart
2.1.2 Understanding Flowchart Symbols

2.1.3 Developing Flowchart

2.2 Python -An Introduction

2.3 Python Installation

2.4 Python Basics

2.5 Operators in Python

Quarter - July to September

Basic Programming

3.1.1 Writing and compiling a Program

3.1 3.1.2 Creating First Program

3 Python 3.1.3 Understanding print()
Programming 3.1.4 To do Simple Programs
Python Programming – Decision Structure

3.2 3.2.1 Inputting Values
3.2.2 Decision Structure

3.2.3 Practice

4.1 Introduction to GIMP.

Introduction Of 4.2 Gimp features
GIMP
4 4.3 How to download GIMP
4.4 Gimp file formats

4.5 Let us start gimp

Quarter - October to December

5.1 Gimp components

5.2 Image editing in gimp

5 More About 5.3 Gimp web image
GIMP 5.4 How to crop image

5.5 How to make circle shaped image.

5.6 How to create a text logo in GIMP

KVS DELHI REGION 2021

6.1 Internet of Things (IoT)

6 More Application 6.2 Online collaboration
Google Sheet
Of Internet 6.3

6.4 Cloud Computing

Quarter - January to March

7.1 Threats to computer
7.2 How to protect your system

7 Computer 7.3 Anti-Virus software and examples
Security 7.4 Firewall and its use
7.5 Cyber Crime and Computer Ethics

7.6 Hackers and crackers
7.7 Cyber law and importance
7.8 Backup and Restore

Project Projects —in Python



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Example 2: In certain code language, EASY is written as ‘5117’. In the same code

language, how will ‘BEAM’ be written as?

a. 4512 b. 2514 c. 4567 d. 2513

Solution: Remember this table:

ABCDEFGHIJ K L MN O P QR S T U V WX Y Z

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

EASY → E is the 5th alphabet in the series

A is the first alphabet in the series

S is the 19th alphabet, which makes it (1+9 = 10 ⇒ 1+0 = 1)

Y is the 25th alphabet, which makes it (2+5 = 7)

Hence, EASY = 5117

Similarly,

BEAM → B is the 2nd alphabet in the series
E is the 5th alphabet in the series
A is the 1st alphabet in the series
M is the 13th alphabet, which makes it (1+3 = 4)
Hence BEAM = 2514
Option b is correct.

Example 3: In certain code language, ‘NEWS’ is written as &5%1, then ‘ASLE’ is coded
as:

a. $@*# b. 5123 c. @1&5 d. 5*1#
Solution: On observation, it is clear that first and third letter are coded as symbol
and second and fourth letter are coded by numbers.
The code of E and S are 5 and 1 respectively where as first and third character must
be symbol.
In all four options, c option is correctly coded.

Something to Do

Q1. If ‘BEAT’ is coded as ‘ADZS’, then how will you code ‘TRACE’?

a. USBDF b. SQZBD c. SQABD d. SQZDE

Q2. In certain code, CLOCK is coded as KCOLC, how is STEPs coded in that code?

a. SPETS b. SPSET c. SPEST d. STEPS

Q3. If HEALTH is coded as GDZKSG, then code for NORTH is

a. OPSUI b. GSQMN c. FRPML d. MNQSG

Q4. If the code of AMONG is BKRJL, then the code of SLEEP is

a. LEPSE b. TGHAU c. TMFGQ d. TJGBU

Q5. If BAKE is coded as 5796 and FIRE is coded as 3146, then FEAR is coded as

a. 6374 b. 3674 c. 4763 d. 6347

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Q6. In certain code language, PAIR is written as ‘7199’. In the same code language, how

will ‘FAIR’ be written as:

a. 6919 b. 1691 c. 6919 d. 6199

Q7. If BRAIN is coded as 29195, the how is SLEEP coded in that code.

a. 13557 b. 15357 c. 31557 d. 35517

Q8. If 1352 is coded as DEAR and 2693 is coded as ROPE, then 93 52 is coded as

a. ARPE b. RAEP c. PEAR d. ERPA

Q9. If RAID is written as %#@$ and RIPE is coded as %@^*, then DEAR is coded as

a. $*#% b. *#%$ c. $%*# d. #%$*

Q10. If STAR is coded as #8@7, then JRKT is coded as

a. *789 b. *7%8 c. %8*9 d. %7*#

1.3 Puzzle Test: Puzzle is a program in which the information is given in a confusing
and jumbled manner. Many a times, only a part of the whole information is given and you
are required to fill in the missing links in the given information.

Example 1: Four children P, Q, R and S sitting on a bench. P is to the left of R and Q is
third right of S. Who is sitting at extreme right end?

S PR Q

Therefore, from above sitting arrangement it is clear that Q is sitting at extreme
right position.

Something to Do

Q1. Read the following information carefully and answers the questions given below:
Six students A, B, D, C, D, E and F are sitting in two rows, three in each.

E is not at the end of any row.
D is second to the left of F.
C, the neighbor of E, is sitting diagonally opposite to D.
B is the neighbor of E
(i) Which of the following sitting diagonally opposite each other?
a. F and C b. A and C c. D and A d. A and F
(ii) Who is facing B?
a. A b. C c. D d. E
(iii) Which of the following are in the same row?
a. A and E b. E and D c. C and B d. A and B

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Q2. Read the following information carefully and answers the questions given below.

Six friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting in a circle facing the centre. A is between B

and E. C is between D and F. E is to the immediate right of D.

(i) Who is between E and C?

a. D b. B c. A d. F

(ii) Who is immediate right of A?

a. B b. D c. E d. C

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2. Python

2.1 Concept of Coding?

2.1.1 Flowchart & Algorithm

2.1.2 Understanding Flowchart Symbols

2.1.3 Developing Flowchart

2.2 Python -An Introduction

2.3 Python Installation

2.4 Python Basics

2.5 Operators in Python

2.1 Concept of Coding:
Dear students, have you ever thought about the games you played either online or on
your mobile. Have you thought about who and how these games were developed? What
works behind it?
Definitely, some process/functioning must be there to do all these developments. You
know a computer is an electronic device and it works on the basis of instructions written
by someone. These instructions are written in special languages which are easily
understandable by computers as well as humans. These languages are known as
Programming languages.
To develop games and other beneficial programs, one needs to learn computer
programming language. Some of the popular programming languages are Python, C#, C++,
JAVA etc.
Coding is the process of writing code (instructions) in a programming language to resolve
some problem/ create games / developing software/ creating websites etc.
Before going into the details of coding, let’s take an activity where you are planning to
celebrate a birthday party with your friends. Write steps for the preparation of the
party.
1. Invitation
2. Order a Cake
3. Decoration of Party Place
4. Snacks & Sweets Arrangement

What you observed in the above activity?

Have you seen that there is a definite order of activities and if you planned it well then
you will enjoy your party without any nuance and worry. In case of improper planning this
event would not be successful.

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In computer coding, whenever you want to write programs to solve real life
problems/games, first of all you need to plan your activity on paper. After developing a
layout on paper, you can proceed to develop programs.
To do planning of these programs, we use certain tools like flowchart, algorithm, etc.
Let’s take a look at these tools in the upcoming section. These tools help us to draw a
layout of solution of problem before converting it into a computer-based program.

2.1.1 Algorithm & Flowchart

Algorithm: Algorithm is the process of writing all the steps required to solve a particular
problem. These steps are written in English language to describe each statement.
To develop an algorithm following steps are required:

1. Read problem definition
2. Analyze the problem to identify Input, Output and Process
3. Develop an algorithm
4. Refine by adding more details
5. Review the developed algorithm
Let’s understand what algorithms do we use in our daily life?
Problem: To prepare grilled sandwich
Input: Bread, mayonnaise, Chopped Veg, butter
Process:
1. Prepare filling and fill it
2. Spread butter
3. Put raw sandwich in the griller.

Output: Grilled Sandwich

We can see in the above example, grilled sandwich making has a predefined order of
instructions to prepare it. It’s a simple algorithm. For more complex programs like
sending missiles, finding routes on a map etc we need to develop complex algorithms.
Another

Flowchart : Flowchart is a pictorial representation of steps involved in the solution of a
problem. Flowchart is easier to understand as it depicts the solution graphically.

2.1.2 Understanding Flowchart Symbols

To draw a flowchart, following symbols are used for various purposes.

Start /Stop Input / Output Process Decision Box Flow line Connector





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C. Match the following:

A B
Terminator
a. Used to depict process visually 1. Coding
Flowchart
b. As easy to write in English 2.
Algorithm
c. Used to develop a is a computerized 3. Python

solution of a problem

d. start/stop of a program is known as 4.

e. It is a process of creating 5.

computerized solution of a problem

D. Select the correct answer for each question:
1. The ………………. is a convenient tool to represent the flow of control in a program?
a. Algorithm b. Flowchart c. Decision Chart d. None

2. In a flowchart, a process is represented by: d. A parallelogram
a. A rhombus b. A circle c. A rectangle

3. What should be considered when designing an algorithm?
a. if the correct hardware is being used
b. if the correct software is being used
c. if there is more than one way of solving the problem

4. What shape represents the start and End of a flowchart?
a. Oval b. Rectangle c. Diamond d. Square

5. Which of the following symbol is used to mark a question/decision in flowchart?
a. b. c. d.

E. State True or False
1. Programming languages give instruction to computer.
2. The order of the instructions is very important when you write an algorithm.
3. We can’t develop algorithm without using computer.
4. Flowchart is a type of graphical diagram that represents an algorithm.
5. Data flow in flowchart is represented through diamond symbol.

Something to Do:

1. Write an algorithm to prepare a cup of tea.
2. Draw a flowchart to display the area of a rectangle.
3. Draw a flowchart to find whether the inputted number is greater than 5 or not.





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Step 1: Open browser and type www.python.org . Download Installer file.

Step 2: Run downloaded executable file.
Click on Install now to install python at the default path or customize installation option
is used to define installation folder. Default path is App Data/directory of the current
user.
Install launcher for all users means every user on this machine has access to the python.
Step 3: Getting Python Prompt
Once your installation is over, you can open the python program from start menu in
Windows.
Python IDLE icon will appear in the start menu, click on it.

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>>> is known as Python prompt. Once you get a prompt, you can start programming.

Exercise:
Something to Known

A. Answer the following questions:
1. What is Python?
2. Write the steps to install python in your computer.
3. Write any three features of Python.
4. How will you check whether your Operating system is 32 bit or 64 bit?
5. Python can be downloaded from which website?

B. Fill in the blanks:
1. Python is …………………..language.
2. Python was developed by …………………….in 1989.
3. Python is named after ……………………………………………
4. ……………………. is that converter program which converts high level language to machine
language one statement at a time.
5. …………………. and ………………….. are companies that use python in the organization.

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C. Match the following: 1. B
A 2. >>>
3.x
a. Represents version number 3.
b. Refers to develop program on one 4. python.org
platform and run anywhere. 5. App Data of current user
c. Represents to python prompt Portability
d. is website to download Python
e. Default Folder of python
installation is

D. Select the correct answer for each question: 4. Wick Van Rossum
1. Who developed the Python language?
a. Zim Den b. Guido Van Rossum 3. Mark Zukerberg

2. In which year was Python language developed?
a. 1995 b. 1973 c. 1989 d. 1981

3. Which of the following denotes to Python prompt?
a. &&& b. @@@ c. >>> d. $$$

4. Which of the following is not a python feature?
a. Case sensitive b. Portable c. Not Open Source d. Interpreted

5. Python can be installed on which of the following Operating System.
a. Windows b. Linux c. Macintosh d. All of these

E. State True or False
1. Python is a case sensitive programming language.
2. Python code is not portable in nature.
3. To download python, one needs to pay license fee.
4. GUI application can be developed using python.
5. Python is an Interpreted language.

Something to Do:

1. Open Browser and type www.python.org and find the latest version of Python for
Windows.
2. Take an A4 sheet and paste pictures of steps of the installation process.
3. Take a sheet and diagrammatically represents all features of Python.

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2.4 Python Basics

We have already discussed about Python, its features and installation process in the
previous chapter. Now to understand a programming language, you must learn
fundamental concepts for python beginners. These fundamental building blocks are
keyword, variable and datatypes.

Let’s take a deep look into these terminologies.

2.4.1 Keyword: Keywords are the reserve words that have special meanings and
purposes. Python interpreter interprets these words and performs actions accordingly.
Characteristics of Keyword:
1. We can’t use a Keyword as variable name.
2. Keywords are used to define syntax and structure of Python language.
3. Python keywords are case sensitive.
4. Python 3.8 supports 35 such keywords.

Python Keywords: few keywords are listed here:
False break for import
True None is and
def from if or

Keyword Usage:
Suppose we want to assign False in a variable X.
X=False (False is keyword to assign Boolean false value)

2.4.2 Variable: Variable is just like a small container that can hold a value in it. A
variable is simply a memory location that is reserved to store some value.
In python, a variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.
For example: X=8
X is a variable of integer type. In python, the value assigned to a variable determines its
type.
X=” Computer”
X is a string variable.
Therefore, a variable can change its type after it has been set. X was integer in the first
case while it changes to string type in later.

Why do we require variable?
You must have used variables in mathematical expression. What does it do? If I have
written x=5*y where y=3 then what will be the value of x. You can see the value of x is
dependent on the value of y. In this case x and y are variables.
Now, if the value of y is changed by the user, the value of x automatically changes as per
the new value of y.

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In computer programming, you need variables to hold user inputs, intermediary results
and output.

Variable Naming Convention:
Each language has its own set of rules to declare and initialize a variable. Python also
has some set of conventions to follow when naming a variable:
1. A variable name can include alphabets, digits and underscore.
2. Variable name should be user friendly.
3. Variable names are case sensitive.
4. A variable name can’t start with a digit.
5. A variable name can’t contain space character.

Let’s take some examples and understand valid and invalid variable name.
Name, first.name, 2ndName, amount in $
In above examples, only Name is a valid identifier or variable name. Read the convention
and try to identify the reason for wrong variable names.

Variable names are case sensitive means names written in lowercase and uppercase are
treated as two different variables. Like Age and age are two different variables.

Assigning values to variable:
To assign a value to the variable, an equal (=) symbol is used.
Age=23
Age is a variable with value 23.

2.4.3 Data type:
Now, how much memory that variable occupies depends on the type of data it is assigned
to. Therefore, data types allocate the memory required to store the variable.
Python supports 5 standard data types.
1. Number- The data types which store numeric values are called Python numbers.
Python has three kind of numeric values:- integer, float and complex
X=89 (X is a Integer variable)
Y=89.6 (Y is a float variable)
Z=23i+j (Z is a complex variable)
2. String: means sequence of characters. These sets of characters are represented
in either single quote (‘’) or double quotes (””).
Name=”Akbar”
Or Name= ‘Akbar’
3. List
4. Tuple
5. Dictionary

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Exercise:
Something to Know

A. Answer the following questions:
1. What do you mean by term keyword? Write any two characteristics of the
keyword.
2. Write any three variable naming conventions.
3. Why do you require variables?
4. What is data type? How many data types are supported by python?
5. Differentiate between Keyword and Variable.

B. Fill in the blanks:
1. …………………… are the reserve words that have special meanings and purposes.
2. A ……………………..is simply a memory location that is reserved to store some value.
3. 1digit is a …………………..identifier.
4. ……………………. refers to type of data and associated operations.
5. …………………. , ……………. and ………………….. are supported in python variable naming.

C. Match the following: B
A 1. Assignment of value
2. Case sensitive
a. Complex is a 3. Number data type
b. Variable names are 4. Data type
c. Python 3.8 contains 5. 35 keywords
d. X=90 termed as
e. Dictionary is a

D. Select the correct answer for each question: d. None
1. Keywords are:
a. Reserve Words b. Simple Text c. Variables

2. Which of the following is not a valid identifier?
a. Age b. aGe c. Age_ d. 1st_age

3. Which data type represents a whole number?
a. String b. Integer c. Float d. Boolean

4. Which data type would the following be stored as: “Pizza”
a. Integer b. String c. Boolean d. Float

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5. Which of the following is an integer?
a. 4 b. 0.4 c. 4.0 d. c

E. State True or False.
1. Variable names can start with a digit.
2. Only double quotes are used to declare a string.
3. As per python, amount and Amount are two distinct variables.
4. Keywords are used to hold values.
5. Annual.salary is a valid identifier.

Something to Do:

1. List all keywords used in Python. Use the following command to get a list of
keywords in python.
>>>help (“keywords”)
2. Establish a relationship between Keywords, variable and data type with an
example.

2.5. Python Operators

In this chapter, you will learn about how to perform different types of operations in
python using operators. Operators are special symbols that are used to perform
operations on operands. An operator requires some operands to work upon. Operands may
be variable or constant.

Operator: Operators are special symbols that are used to perform operations on
operands. The values that the operator operates on are called operands.
Expression: Expression is combination of operator and operands.
In an expression x=y+9,
x,y,9 are operands while =,+ are operator.

Types of Operator: Python allows 08 types of operators. In this chapter, we will discuss
about two types of operators.

2.5.1 Arithmetic Operator: Arithmetic operator is used to apply basic mathematical
operations like addition, deletion, multiplication, division, etc. These operators require
two operands to operate. Following are some of the binary operators.

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Name of Symbol used Purpose Example
Operator

Addition + Summation of X=5+6 will yield 11
Numbers

Subtraction - Subtraction of X=9-5 will yield 4
Numbers

Multiplication * Product of Numbers X=3*4 will yield 12
Division /
Modulus % Division of Numbers X=9/3 will yield 3.0
Floor Division //
Return remainder X=5%2 will yield 1

Divides and truncates X=7//2 will yield 3.0
the fractional part
from result

Exponentiation ** Return base raised to X=3**3 will yield 27
power exponent

2.5.2

Relational Operator:

Relational operators are used to describe relationships between values or operands. In

python, you will use six relational operators for comparing values. These operators are

also known as comparison operators.

The six relational operators are:

Operator Example Result

if a=9, b=5

> Greater than a>b True

< Less than a<b False

>= Greater than or equal to a>=b True

<= Less than or equal to a<=b False

== Equal to a==b False

!= Not equal to a!=b True

You can conclude that the resultant of the comparison operator will be either True or
False.

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Exercise:
Something to Know

A. Answer the following questions:
1. What do you mean by operator in python?
2. Explain the term:
a. Operand
b. Expression
3. What is a relational operator?
4. Explain the purpose of the Modulus operator?
5. Differentiate between division and floor division operator.

B. Fill in the blanks:
1. The values that the operator operates on are called………………………….
2. 9%3 will evaluate to …………… .
3. ……………………... is the combination of operator and operands/values.
4. ………………….operators are also known as comparison operators.
5. ……………………….. will be the resultant of expression 17//4.

C. Match the following: B
A 1. 81
2. Relational Operator
a. 24//5 3. 4
b. 3**4 4. Expression
c. >= 5. Arithmetic Operator
d. %
e. X=a+b+c

D. Select the correct answer for each question:
1. if a =16//4 and b=9, what will be the resultant of a>Gowri:

a. True b. False c. None

2. Which of the following is not an arithmetic operator?
a. % b. ** c. > d. //

3. Which of the following is not an expression?

a. d=x+y**2 b. ZZ=yy+xx c. “Radhe” d. b=x**2+y

4. Which of the following is used to describe relationships among values?
a. Operand b. Arithmetic operator c. Relational Operator d. Expression

5. Which of the following will be the result of 9/3?

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a. 3 b. 3.0 c. 9.0 d. 0

E. State True or False.
1. + is a type of operand.
2. == operator is used to compare two values/variables.
3. = operator is also known as assignment operator.
4. Expression 225%5 will return zero
5. Python contains 05 relational operators.

Something to Do:

1. Do the practice of operators with following variables and write the correct

result for E. if a=8, b=9 ,c=6

a. E=a**2+b

b. E=a//2+b/3+c**2

c. E=(a%5+b)%3

2. Give the resultant value for the following expression:

a. “Ravi”>”ravi” b. a< (b%3)

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3. Python Programming

3.1 Basic Programming

3.1.1 Writing and compiling a Program
3.1.2 Creating First Program
3.1.3 Understanding print()
3.1.3 To do Simple Programs

3.1.1 Writing and Compiling a Program:
You have learned the basics about python programming language. In this section, you will
learn how to open python IDLE (Integrated Development Learning Environment), write a
program and execute it.
To create and run a python program, you need to do the following steps:
1. Open an IDLE text editor to write a program
2. Save your program with .py extension
3. Compile and execute a program by pressing F5

Step 1: Click on Start Button

Step 2: Choose Python IDLE and you will get following
screen.

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Step 3: Click on File Menu ->New
option and write program and save
file with .py extension.

Step 4: Now you can compile and
execute this program by pressing
F5 key. You will get the result on
the python shell.

3.1.2 Creating First Program:
You have to create your first
program which will print “Hello
World” on the screen.
To do this activity type the
following code:
# My first Program
print(“Hello World”)
Save the program and execute it. Python will give following one line output:
Hello World
You have noticed that you wrote two statements but you get one line of output. Why so?
This is because # symbol represents that first statement is a remark/comment which is
being ignored by the compiler to compile.

3.1.3 Understanding print() method: print() function is used to print or display or

display output.

Syntax: print(variable/message)

For

Example 1:

A=5

B=6

S=A+B

print(S) # here variable S is given and the value of variable will

print.

You will get output as 11 because the value of S is 11.

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Example 2: # here message given in double quotes
print(“This is Python Program”)
You will get output as :
This is Python Program

Example 3: # here variable S is given & message is given in
Printing value and message together:
A=5
B=6
S=A+B
print(“Sum of A and B is”, S)
double quotes.
You will get output as:
Sum of A and B is 11.

3.1.4 Creating Simple Programs Code:
Program1: Write a program to display a print(“Hello Friends, How are
message “Hello Friends, How are you?”
?”

Program2: To find area of a square, if side Code:
of square is 5. Side=5
Process: side*side Area=side*side
Output: Area print(“Area of Square=”,Area)

Program 3: To find area of a rectangle, if Code:
length =10 cm and breadth is 6 cm. Length, Breadth=10, 6
Process: Length* Breadth Area=Length*Breadth
Output: Area print(“Area of Square=”,Area)

Exercise:
Something to Know

A. Answer the following questions:
1. Write the steps required to create and run a program?
2. What is the full form of IDLE?
3. Which key is used to execute a program?
4. What is the purpose of print() function?
5. What is a comment? Which symbol is used to define a comment?

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B. Fill in the blanks:

1. …………………key is used to execute a program.

2. …….. is used to declare a comment in a python program.

3. ……………… function is used to display output.

4. ………………... is an important part of a program to get output.

5. Python program file saved with ………extension.

C. Match the following:

AB

a. Compilation process 1. .py

b. # 2. is a function

c. File Extension Name 3. F5

d. Output 4. Comment

e. Print() 5. Resultant value

D. Select the correct answer for each question:
1. Which function key is used to execute a python program?
a. F9 b. F11 c. F5 d. F1

2. Which symbol is used to define a comment in python?
a. “ b. ** c. # d. //

3. A Python program file contains …..extension name?

a. .px b. .pz c. .py d. .pp

4. Which of the following you may not get after executing a program?
a. Error b. Result c. Expression d. Output

5. print() function is used to ?
a. Output b. Input c. Process d. Interpret

E. State True or False.
1. $ is used to display a comment in a python program.
2. PRINT(“Hello”) and print(“Hello”) will display the same output.
3. F5 key is used to execute a python program.
4. Each python program is stored in a separate file containing .py extension.
5. Python contains a text editor and interpreter in IDLE.

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Something to Do:

1. Write a python program to find the perimeter of a square, if side is given as 7 cm.
2. Write a python program to find the perimeter of a rectangle, if length is 9 cm. and

breadth is 3 cm.
3. Write a python program to display the area of a circle, if the radius is 4 cm.
4. [Hint: Area=3.14*radius*radius]
5. Write a python program to calculate simple interest for principal amount 5000 for a

period of 3 year with 5% interest rate.

3.2 Python Programming – Decision Structure

3.2.1 Inputting Values
3.2.2 Decision Structure
3.2.3 Practice

3.2.1 Inputting Values

Dear students, you learnt about programming basics and development of program in the

previous chapter. You know each program may consist of input, process and output. In

the previous chapter, programs generated output on the basis of fixed value.

Example 1:

Program to find sum of A and B.

A=5

B=6

S=A+B

print(“Sum of A and B is”, S)

You will get output as: Sum of A and B is 11.

In this example, you will always get the same output on execution of program, because

the values of A and B are fixed.

Can you give value of A and B at the time of execution of program?

Yes, you can give values of A and B at run time. To input values at run time, you require

an input () function.

Syntax: variable = input(message)

Program2: Write a program to display a Code:
message received from user. msg=input(“Give your message”)
print(msg)

In this program, whatever message will be given by the user will be displayed by a print

statement.

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Program3: Write a program to input the age of a person and display her age increased
by 2 year.

This program will produce Type error on Code:
execution. Because input() function receives age=input(“Enter your age”)
value in form of string while you are trying to age=age+2
do mathematical operation with age in line 2. print(age)
This is not possible without conversion of string
into integer/float.

How to do conversion of inputted values?
Change the 1st line of code in program 3 with the following line and execute your
program.
age=int(input(“Enter your age”))
It will execute successfully and give you an increased value of age by 2.
To do conversion into integer and float values, int() and float() functions will be used
respectively.

Program 4: Write a program to calculate the average of 3 inputted numbers.
Code:
A=int(input(“Enter value of A”))
B= int(input(“Enter value of B”))
C= int(input(“Enter value of C”))
S=A+B+C
Avg=S/3
Print(“Average of Numbers is “,Avg)

Program 5: Write a program to calculate xn. Where x is base and n is exponent.
x= int(input(“Enter base value”))
n=int(input(“Enter exponent”))
pow=x**n
print(pow)

Program 6: Write a program to calculate Body Mass Index of a person.
[BMI=m/h2 where m is mass in kg and h is height in meters]

Code:
m=int(input(“Enter body weight in kilogram”))
h= int(input(“Enter height in meter”)
BMI=m/h*h
Print(“Your BMI is “, BMI)

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3.2.2 Decision Structure: Decision structure in programming allows you to execute
statements on the basis of given condition. If condition evaluates to True one set of
statements executed otherwise another set of statements executed.

In python, decision structure is implemented through if…else statement. The if…else
statement evaluates test expression and will execute the body of if only when the test
condition is True. If the condition is False, the body of else is executed. Statements
that are written at the same indent form a block.

Syntax: if<condition>: if section Body
Statement1 (Block 1)
Statement2
…. else section
Body
else: Bl 2
Statement1

Statement2
….

3.2.3 Practice : Let’s understand it with an example.

Program 7: Program to check whether inputted number is positive or negative.

You will write the following code.

Code:

Num=int(input(“Enter a number”))

if Num>0: Executes when condition is True.

print(“Number is positive”)

else: Executes when condition is False.
print(“Number is negative”)

You can observe, we have applied a condition Num>0. If number is greater than 0 then
its positive otherwise number is negative.
We can write single statements or multiple statements in any part of a decision
statement.

Program 8: Program to check whether a person is eligible to vote or not.
Code:
Age=int(input(“Enter your age”))
if Age>=18:
print(“You are eligible to vote”)
else:
print(“You are not eligible to vote”)

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Program 9: Program to check whether given angle is straight angle or right angle.
Code:
angle= int(input(“Enter Angle”))
if angle==90:
print(“It’s a right angle”)
else:
if angle==180:

print(“It’s a straight angle”)
In this example, we have used two if statements. We will discuss it in detail in class 8.

Exercise
Something to Know:

A. Answer the following questions:
1. Which function is used to take user input at run time?
2. Ravita wrote a program to find the sum of marks of 03 subjects. She is getting
error in her program. Help her to resolve errors?
Sub1=input(“Enter marks of Subject1”)
Sub2= input(“Enter marks of Subject2”)
Sub3= input(“Enter marks of Subject3”)
Total=Sub1+Sub2+Sub3
print(Total)
3. When do you use a decision statement?
4. What is if..else statement? Write its syntax?
5. Why do you use int() and float() function?

B. Fill in the blanks:
1. …………………is a set of statements written at the same indent.
2. …….. function is used to take user input at run time.
3. ………………… is an optional component in if… else statement.
4. A …………………… is a condition that evaluates to True or False in if…else statement.
5. The if…else statement is also known as ……………………………..

C. Select the correct answer for each question:
1. What is output of this code?
spam=9
if spam>6:
print(“Nine”)
if spam>17:
print(“Seventeen”)
a. Nine b. Seventeen c. Six d. Nothing

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2. What signifies the end of a statement block?
a. A comment b. } c. end d. A line that is indented less than the previous line

3. Following Code will return: d. False
if False:

print(“Audi”)
else:

print(‘Mercedez”)
a. Audi b. Mercedez c. True

4. Following Code will return:
if 1:

print(“ Honest”)
else:

print(“Biased”)
a. Honest b. Biased c. Nothing

5. Following Code will return:
if 5==15%3:

print(“5”)
else:

print(15%3”)
a. 5 b. 0 c. 15%3 d. None

Something to Do:

1. Write a python program to accept two integers and check whether these are
equal or not.
2. Write a python program to check whether the inputted number is even or odd.
3. Write a python program to accept two integers and display maximum between
them.
4. Write a python program to accept two integers and display minimum between
them.
5. Write a python program to accept the percentage of marks and display “Pass” if
marks is greater than 40 percent otherwise display “Fail”.

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4. INTRODUCTION OF GIMP

4.1 Introduction to GIMP.
4.2 GIMP features
4.3 How to download GIMP
4.4 GIMP file formats
4.5 Let us start gimp

GIMP

There are so many photo editing software like Photoshop, Microsoft Paint and Drawing
of Open Office.org etc. In this chapter, we are going to study GIMP (GNU Image
Manipulation Program) software.

GIMP is Free & Open Source Image Editor software. It is used for image editing and
manipulation.

GIMP is a multi-platform photo manipulation tool. Most GNU/Linux distributions include
GIMP as a standard application. The GIMP is also available for other operating systems
such as Microsoft Windows™ or Apple’s Mac OS X™ (Darwin).

The GIMP is a Free Software application covered by the General Public License [GPL].
The GPL provides users with the freedom to access and alter the source code.

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4.2 GIMP FEATURES ARE:
● It is Open and Free software.
● It supports different file formats such as gif, jpeg, tiff etc.
● It works with different operating systems such as Linux, Mac OS and Microsoft
Windows.
● It is used for image manipulation (retouching) and image editing.
● GIMP provides different tools for image editing.
● GIMP paintbrush tool is used to draw images easily.
● It is a memory efficient graphic tool.
● Combining different images in GIMP to create animation.
● There are several ways of creating colors in GIMP.

4.3 HOW TO DOWNLOAD GIMP
Following are the steps to download GIMP:-

● Search website www.gimp.org
● Click on Download.
● Click “Download Gimp”

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After completion of downloading, install GIMP on computer.

4.4 GIMP FILE FORMATS

Formats Expansions

PSD Photoshop

PCS Personal Computer Exchange

XPM X Pixmap

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group

PPM Portable Pixmap

TIFF Tagged Image File Format

GIF Graphics Interchange Format

BMP Bitmap

XWD X Window System

PNG Portable Network Graphics

GIMP Compatible Platforms:

❖ GNU/Linux (i386, PPC)

❖ Microsoft Windows (XP, Vista, Windows 7)

❖ Mac OS X

❖ Sun OpenSolaris

❖ FreeBSD

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4.5 LET US START GIMP

How to Open Gimp Software
Step 1: Select Start → All Programs → GIMP 2.10.22

Step 2: GIMP 2.10.22 window appears.

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GIMP WINDOW

Step 3: Create a New File

1. Click on File Menu
2. Click on New option

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3. Enter height or width.
4. Or choose a template and a dialog box will appear. You can select the template and
specify the size by setting values for both height and width.

5. Press OK.

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A new blank image file is open. Now, you can use the tools and create your own
drawings.

Step4: How to Save a File

1. Click on FILE → SAVE/SAVE AS…

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2. The Save Image dialog box appears
Give a name to the file, select the format of the image and click on the save button.

Steps to open an existing file
1. Click on file Menu

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2. Select Open option

3. Select the file name and click on Open button

EXERCISE

SOMETHING TO KNOW

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. What does GIMP stand for?
a. GNU Image Making Program
b. GNU Image Masking Program
c. GNU Image Manipulation Program
d. GNU Image Multiplication Program

2. GIMP is …………………….editing tool used for images
a. Proprietary
b. Open Source
c. Shareware
d. None of these

3. GIMP ……………………tool is used to draw images easily.

a. Selection
b. Draw
c. Paintbrush
d. Fill

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4. GIMP's latest version is .......…...
a. 2.10.12
b. 2.10.22
c. 2.12.10
d. 2.10.10

5. GIMP software can be downloaded from ……………. website

a. www.gimp.com
b. www.gimp.org
c. www.gimp.in

d. All of the above

B. STATE TRUE(T) / FALSE(F)

1. GIMP is a proprietary software.
2. Microsoft Windows (XP, Vista, Windows 7) are GIMP compatible Platform.

3. BMP is one of the file formats of GIMP.

4. GIMP cannot be used as a paintbrush.
5. GIMP provides different tools for image editing.

C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Write down any four features of GIMP?
2. List GIMP Compatible Platforms.
3. Explain GNU Image Manipulation Program?
4. Write down the expansions of the following :

(a) gif (b) .png (c) .tff (d) .jpeg
5. Write down the steps to open an image in GIMP?
SOMETHING TO DO
Download GIMP on your PC/Laptop and create a blank image and save with name
image1.





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Select by color Tool [Shift + 0 ]
This tool is used to select areas or regions of an image based on color similarity.

Crop Tool [Shift + C]
Remove edge area from image or layer.

Unified Transform Tool [Shift + T]
This tool is used to transform the layer, selection or path.

Rotate Tool [Shit +R]
This tool is used to rotate selection, path or layers from horizontal to vertical and vice
versa.

Scale Tool [Shift +S]
This tool is used to scale layers, selections or paths (the Object).

Shear Tool [Shift + H]
This tool is used to shift one selected part of an image, a layer, a selection or a path to
a direction and the other part to the opposite direction.

Flip Tool [Shift +F]
This tool is used to reverse the layer, path or selection horizontally or vertically.

Perspective Tool [Shift +P]
This tool is used to change the perspective of the layer, selection or path.

3D Transform Tool [Shift +W]
This tool is used to apply 3D transformation to the layer, selection or path.

Handle Transform Tool [Shift +L]
Deform the layer, selection or path with handles.

Wrap Transform [W]
Deform with different tools.

Cage Transform [Shift +G]

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Deform a selection with a cage.

Bucket Fill Tool [Shift +B]
This tool fills a selected area with color or pattern.

Gradient Tool [G]
This tool is used to fill selected area with color gradient.

Paintbrush Tool [P]
This tool is used to draw brush-like strokes, as if you were painting. It paints smooth
strokes using a brush.

Pencil Tool [N]
This tool is used to draw using pencil.

Air Brush Tool [A]
This tool is used to paint using a brush.

Ink Tool [K]
This tool is used to paint calligraphy style.

My Paintbrush Tool [Y]
Use of paintbrushes in GIMP.

Eraser Tool [shift + E]
This tool is used to remove areas of color from the current layer or from a selection of
this layer. While erasing if it does not support transparency, then it will display the
background color.

Clone Tool [C]
This tool is used to copy from an image or pattern using brush.

Perspective Clone Tool
This tool used to clone from an image source after applying perspective transformation.

Healing Tool [H]
This tool is used to heal image irregularities.

Smudge Tool [S]

This tool is used to smudge colors on the active layer or the selection.