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Published by marianitzel24, 2021-05-08 01:45:23

Revista_proyecto Inglés

Revista_proyecto Inglés

0

Marian Itzel Rodríguez Sánchez
karla Aracely Garcia Sanabria

Santiago Burgos Lara
Manny Gael López Garnica

1

INDEX

Origin of plastic--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Types of plastic---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Advantages and disadvantages of plastic-------------------------------------------- 5
How we can recycle plastic-------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Recycling process-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Creative ways to reuse plastic------------------------------------------------------------ 7
Videos about the plastic------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Countries in the world that recycle plastic and what they do--------------------- 10

2

ORIGIN OF PLASTIC

1839.- NATURAL RUBBER. CHARLES GOODYEAR 1 Goodyear was
able to modify the mechanical properties of natural rubber, extracted
from rubber, by mixing it with sulfur and heating it. This mixture
achieved that the rubber obtained remained dry and flexible at any
temperature.

1862.-PARKESINE. ALEXANDER PARKES Parkes was looking for
substances that could give results similar to those of rubber in some
uses that were increasingly in demand by industries. Parkes obtained
a new material that could be used in different ways and called it
Parkesina.

1863.-CELLULOID. JOHN WESLEY HYATT John W. Hyatt improved
the Parkes product and achieved an economically viable product by
substituting castor oil, which Parkes used. This product was called
celluloid.

1872.-POLYVINYL CHLORIDE. EUGEN BAUMANN E. Baumann
studied the polymerization process of vinyl chloride and paid attention
to the importance of the thermoplastic product that was possible to
obtain.

THE FIRST THERMOSET PLASTIC In 1907, Leo H. Baekeland
perfected the formaldehyde resin that had been developed a few
years earlier by Adolf Von Bayer. The substance he obtained, a rigid
and nonflammable resin that he called Baquelita. It was used in the
construction of electrical devices such as telephones

3

THE PLASTIC AND THE PASSING OF THE YEARS During the
60s, plastics began to replace many other products such as wood,
cardboard or glass in packaging. and in the 70s plastics replaced
some metals. During the 80's the production of plastics intensified
and diversified, becoming one of the main industries in the world.

THE MODERN WORLD CANNOT BE IMAGINED WITHOUT
PLASTICS 7 The development of industry and a country depends
directly on these materials, so the progress of a country can be
measured by the consumption and production of plastics.

GROWING CONCERNS ABOUT PLASTICS. 8 Plastic debris in the
oceans was first observed in the 1960s, a decade in which
Americans became aware of environmental problems. The danger
of chemical pesticides was exposed by Rachel Carson’s 1962 book,
Silent Spring. In 1969 the persistence of plastic waste began to
trouble observers. Plastic’s reputation fell further in the 1970s and
1980s.

1988 Introduction of triangular recycling symbols relating to plastics.

1990 10 Biopol, the first commercially available biodegradable
plastic was launched by CI.

4

TYPES OF PLASTIC

Under the generic name plastic encompasses an endless number of substances that pass
through our hands every day without us knowing how to distinguish them and without
knowing the life cycle they have.

❏ PET: Is polyethylene terephthalate. It has many properties,
such as its high transparency and the admission of colorants.
It is strong, lightweight and easily recyclable. It is used in
bottles of water or drinks. It can only be used as a food
storage material for the first time.

❏ HDPE: High-density polyethylene is
flexible, but with some rigidity, and resists chemical impacts and
high temperatures in addition to water. For this reason it is used in
containers such as milk bottles, cleaning products or motor oil.

❏ LDPE: Low-density polyethylene has a high resistance,
both to physical and chemical impacts, like HDPE. It is quite
flexible and its transparency depends on the thickness. It is the
material with which the plastic wrap, bubble wrap or shopping bags
are made.
❏ PVC: Polyvinyl chloride is the most versatile type of plastic, made
up of a combination of chlorine and carbon, which are extracted
from salt (57%) and oil or gas (43%). It can be rigid and flexible,
depending on the production process. It has high resistances and a
low density. It is tough and ductile. It is present in credit cards,
pipes, cable sheathing, synthetic leathers, or some window and
door frames.
❏ PP: Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer obtained
thanks to the polymerization of propylene. It is very resistant
and easy to mold. It is used in bottle caps, straws, lunch boxes, coolers, fabric
and carpet fibers, tarps and even diapers.
❏ PS: Polystyrene is a thermoplastic polymer obtained
thanks to the polymerization of styrene. It is used to make
insulated cups, egg cups, food trays, packing fillers, yogurt
containers or insulation.

5

Advantages and disadvantages of plastic

In the advantages we have that they are The disadvantages are that they are
Low density, Moldable, Non-corrosive, highly polluting, it is not possible to
Insulating, Versatile and its very agree,
resistant.
they are partially recyclable in addition
In addition to being used in advanced to the recycling process being
medicine and security systems, It does expensive, they remain in the
not endanger oil reserves, It is environment for thousands of years,
recyclable. they take up a lot of space and do not
resist very high temperatures.

HOW WE CAN RECYCLE PLASTIC

Reducing the use of plastic is important because plastic production requires an enormous
amount of energy and resources. This causes carbon emissions and contributes to global
warming. Recycling plastic is not efficient – only 9% of plastic ever produced has been
recycled.

In the recycling process there are two groups of plastics that are given a different process:

❏ Thermoplastics: they are easily recyclable plastics since they melt when heated and
therefore can be molded repeatedly without their original properties being altered too
much. However, during the different reprocessing cycles they undergo modifications
so they cannot be recycled more than 5 or 7 times.

❏ Thermosetting: they are difficult to recycle since they are made up of polymers with
chemically linked chains that make it necessary to destroy their molecular structure in
order to melt them and this leads to a large alteration of their original properties.

6

RECYCLING PROCESS

Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and
objects.Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the
consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from
incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).

Broadly, there are two major ways to recycle plastic:
❏ (1) mechanical recycling ("chop and wash"), where the plastic is washed, ground
into powders and melted

❏ (2) chemical recycling, where the plastic is broken down into monomers. Before
recycling, most plastics are sorted according to their resin type.

7

CREATIVE WAYS TO REUSE PLASTIC

We can also reuse plastic and not just leave it to factories for recycling, using plastic as a
tool for actions that were not predetermined from the beginning, of which some ideas are:

● Homemade solar toy car.
● Homemade flashlight.
● Toy - feeder for dogs.
● Drinker for your pet.
● Home sprinkler.
● Solar drip irrigation.
● Electric toy car.
● Hanging planters for growing tomatoes.
● Vertical Garden reusing plastic bottles.
● How to turn PET plastic bottles into efficient 50W lamps.
● Eight. Small hydroelectric plant that generates light with two PET bottles.
● Surfboards with PET bottles.
Houses
Many construction companies have chosen to use plastic bottles filled with garbage or
stones to use as bricks for houses, in this way they will not only be helping with the plastic
issue, but also with the garbage.
Hospitals
Plastics have been used widely to create medical tools and devices like surgical gloves,
syringes, insulin pens, IV tubes, catheters, inflatable splits, etc. Such products are created
for one-time use and help prevent the spread of dangerous diseases by eliminating the need
to sterilize and re-use a device
Park
Plastic can be used for different media, either to build pots or simply sculptures to make the
place more attractive, just as you could do a good action for dogs and make them ecological
feeders and drinkers
School
Crafts can be made, trash cans with bottles, pencil cases, flower pots, organizers, candles

8

9

VIDEOS ABOUT THE USE OF PLASTIC.

https://youtu.be/Q-bjTsCL3as

https://youtu.be/LPllpwMuV9Y

10

COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD THAT RECYCLE PLASTIC AND WHAT THEY DO

Switzerland

Recycling is mandatory, otherwise fines are up to 10,000 euros. Sorting must be done
thoroughly, therefore, most of the garbage is recycled. In Switzerland, 93% of glass, 91% of
aluminum and 83% of PET bottles are recycled. The measures they took were successful,
not only helping to care for the environment, but also translating into economic and energy
savings.

Austria

With a recycling rate of 63%, the Styria region has become a world reference in waste
management and recycling. Thousands of specialists travel to the state to learn about its
recycling policies and actions.

Germany

This country manages to recycle 62% of all the garbage it generates, starting with the
elimination of plastic bags and followed by waste sorting measures, environmental education
from an early age and social awareness. An example of the commitment of German society
is the supermarket without packaging.

Belgium

In Belgium, the recycling rate is 58%, and there are even regions where the recycling rate is
75%.

Netherlands

The recycling rate is 51% and they have the best environmental policies in the world, in
addition to recycling, they are leaders in water conservation and energy efficiency.


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