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7 Power supply for two lines
230 V
50/60 Hz
Power supply unit / choke Choke
30 V DC 640 mA > 100 ms buffer
Line 2
White
Yellow
Line 1
Figure 8: Power supply for two lines (DIN rail without data rail)
If additional current is needed and depending on the load, one power supply unit can feed
two lines. An additional choke may be required depending on the type of power supply
unit.
The bus voltage is available via the dark grey/red bus connector and the ancillary power
via a white/yellow connector.
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7.1 Two power supply units in one line
DVC DVC DVC DVC DVC DVC DVC
KNX
Ps / Ch Ps / Ch
Minimum distance between power
supplies as specified by the manufacturer
Figure 9: Two power supply units in one line
If more than 30 bus devices are connected at a short distance from one other (e.g. in a
distribution board), the power supply unit should be installed in the vicinity of this group of
devices.
If an additional power supply unit needs to be installed, the minimum distance between
the two power supply units shall be taken from the power supply unit specifications of the
manufacturer.
It is not allowed to have more than two power supply units in one line.
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8 Distributed power supply
Figure 10: Cable length
In this case, instead of a centralised bus power supply, the bus is powered in a distributed
way by of the some devices connected to the line containing each of them a Decentralised
Power Supply Unit (DPSU) with integrated choke module. Stand-alone DPSU (non-
communicating) devices are also possible.
A DPSU is especially intended for small installations with few devices.
Different types of DPSU exist, depending on the supply current (25, 40 and 80 mA).
In most cases, it is possible to combine DPSU with up to two standard central PSUs.
The DPSU can be located at any point in the bus line. There are no limitations concerning
minimal distances between two DPSUs or a DPSU and a standard central PSU.
Up to eight DPSUs can be mounted in one single bus line. More than eight can have a
negative effect on communication. In case of mounting up to 8 DPSUs in a single line
together with a central PSU, the maximum resulting short circuit current of these devices
(as given in the product data sheet and/or ETS database) shall not exceed 3 A.
In most cases it is possible to manually disable the DPSU on the device (e.g. by jumper or
configuration of a parameter).
The cable length that needs to be observed in conjunction with the use of central and
decentralised power supply units is given in the above figure.
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9 Bus cables in wall boxes
Mains and bus wires should be installed either in:
Separate installation / wall junction boxes or;
Common installation boxes with a partition, guaranteeing the required clearance / creepage
distances
Figure 11: Bus cables in wall boxes
SELV circuits require double or reinforced insulation (protective separation) between
mains and bus cables, i.e. unsheathed bus cable cores should never be in contact with
mains cables.
Junctions can be installed:
in separate boxes or
in a common box with a partition, ensuring 5,5 mm clearance and creepage distances
e.g. towards 230 V / 400 V AC TN/TT networks in office buildings.
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10 Installation of flush-mounted bus devices
Area Area
Line Line
230 / 400 V
Device Device
Use of wall boxes for screw mounting
Permitted use of flush‐mounted devices in combination with mains devices depends on the
environmental conditions and the design of the bus devices (e.g. pollution degree, overvoltage
category).
Figure 12: Installation of flush-mounted bus devices
Only wall boxes suitable for screw mounting may be used. Clamp mounting is in most
cases not possible.
In order to provide sufficient room for cables, wall boxes with e.g. a depth of 66 mm
should be installed.
“Combinations” refer to the use of mains devices (e.g. socket outlets) and bus devices
(e.g. push buttons) or other electric circuits underneath a common cover.
Both components must be safely insulated from each other. This can be achieved by
using basic insulation for the power devices and basic 230 V insulation for the bus device.
Do not forget to enquire with the manufacturer of the bus device whether this particular
device may be installed together with power devices.
Please note:
The installation of a bus device in combination with power devices must be explicitly
approved by the manufacturer of the bus device!
The manufacturer may specify certain bus installation requirements, which must be
strictly observed (e.g. connection of the frame to the protective earth conductor).
Mains devices must at all times be protected against accidental contact, even when
the common box cover is removed.
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11 Standardised TP Bus connector
Bus connector Usage
Joints, extensions or connections are realised by means of
bus connectors
Bus cable shall only end either at the device itself or at this
terminal
Removal of bus devices without interrupting the bus
Mechanical protection against reverse polarity
Figure 13: Bus connector
The bus connector is used for
branching the bus cable
extending the bus cable
protecting the bus cable ends
connecting the bus cable to bus devices
To avoid confusion with other electrical circuits, the bus connector should only be used for
KNX TP.
The bus connector consists of two parts:
the plus part (red) and
the minus part (dark grey)
which are mechanically linked by means of a dovetail joint. Up to four bus wires (6 mm
stripped) can be connected to each part by means of screwless terminals.
Standardised TP bus connectors allow the removal of bus devices without interrupting the
bus line.
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12 Lightning protection measures
Figure 14: Lightning protection measures
The KNX TP bus network should be integrated into the protection measures of the mains
power network.
The need for lightning protection for buildings may be the result of:
the local building regulations;
a risk analysis of the construction (e.g. in Germany according to EN 62305)
a requirement from an insurance company.
In general, lightning protection measures are required for buildings that can be easily
struck by lightning or to which lightning can inflict heavy damage. These especially include
conference rooms, public buildings etc.
The internal lightning protection constitutes the most indispensable part of a lightning
protection system. Its most significant component is the lightning protection equipotential
bonding bar.
All conducting elements or systems, such as the water supply system, gas pipes, central
heating system, metal walls, etc. must be connected to the equipotential bonding strip
(EBS). In the currently valid guidelines (EN 62305, IEC 1024-1, IEC 61312-1), the
lightning protection equipotential bonding strip is a binding requirement also for active
conductors; they must be indirectly connected by means of lightning surge arresters. This
is referred to as ‘primary protection’.
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Primary protection is achieved by using:
For the 230/400 V AC mains:
nominal discharge current at least 12,5 kA (10/350 µs) per conductor
protection level: < 4 kV
Surge protection device (SPD) Type 1 according EN 61643-11:2001
For the bus line
nominal discharge current at least 2,5 kA (10/350 µs) per conductor
protection level: < 600 V
Surge protection device (SPD) Category D1 according 61643-21:2002
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13 Bus cables installed between buildings
Figure 15: Bus cables installed between buildings
If lightning protection measures have been installed, special measures must be taken if
the installation contains bus cables that extend over more than one building. It is
recommended to take these measures even if such lightning protection systems are not
installed.
Either a lightning current arrester should be installed at the next corner of the building
(which should be connected to the main equipotential bonding), or the bus cable should
be installed in-between the buildings in a metal conduit or duct, which should be
connected to earth on both sides, at the entrance to the building. In order to discharge
2
2
parts of the lightning current, a minimum cross-sectional area of 16 mm CU or 25 mm Al
2
or 50 mm FE is required according to EN 62305-3.
In either case, the connected bus devices in the building should be connected to an
overvoltage arrester terminal for secondary protection. The bus devices and the
overvoltage arrester terminal should be mounted apart at a distance of some (cable)
metres to make sure that the overvoltage arrester terminal is not forced to accommodate
parts of the primary protection.
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14 The prevention of loops
230 V AC
Bonding Bar
Power Power
supply supply Water pipe
Bus Bus
DVC DVC
Loop between bus – water supply system
Loop between bus – 230 V AC
consisting of DVC, power supply and
Consisting of DVC and power supply
bonding bar
Figure 16: Prevention of loops
As a consequence of the impact of lightning, major overvoltages are generated in loops,
which can cause flash-overs in bus devices. The larger the loop area, the larger the
(peak) overvoltage to be expected.
Loops are created when for instance both the bus cable and the 230 V cable are
connected to one bus device, as in this case also the power supply unit is connected to
both networks. Both devices are therefore at risk when struck by lightning.
However, loops are also created when a connection is made to the water supply system,
the central heating system, metal walls etc. The loop is closed by means of the
equipotential bonding strip.
If possible, care should be taken as early as the planning stage to prevent the creation of
loops. Bus and mains cables should be installed as close to each other as possible. An
appropriate distance should be observed from the water supply or central heating system,
etc. If line-crossing loops occur in a KNX TP installation, it may under certain
circumstances not be possible to properly program the installation.
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15 Basic immunity of bus devices
The basic immunity of bus devices is tested according to the standard EN 50491-3 by
applying a 2 kV surge voltage core to earth. As a consequence, bus devices are protected
against overvoltages often caused by switching operations.
In general this provides sufficient protection. More significant interference can however be
caused:
when bus cables and high-power mains are installed in parallel over a longer distance,
in the vicinity of lightning rods and arresters,
when bus lines and conductive parts of an installation (through which lightning current
can flow) are installed in parallel,
in loops,
in bus devices connected to conductive sections such as metal walls, central heating
pipes etc.
16 Bus devices on cable ends
In this case, additional secondary protection should be provided.
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17 The overvoltage arrester terminal
Bus overvoltage arrester Recommended usage
To bus devices with 230 V mains connection
To line and area couplers on both lines
To bus devices installed in conductive walls or in
the vicinity of water pipes, gas pipes etc.
To bus cable ends
At the edge of buildings
Figure 17: The overvoltage arrester terminal
The overvoltage arrester terminal should be used as a secondary protection and shall
meet the following requirements:
nominal discharge current at least 5 kA (8/20 µs)
protection level: < 350 V
KNX certified
The overvoltage arrester terminal is a symmetrical safety device discharging both bus
wires, thus preventing large voltage differences. Single pole arresters should not be used.
Due to their higher capacity, varistors are also not suitable for this purpose.
Via the connection wires sticking out of the bus overvoltage arrester (which have an
identical colour marking as the bus cable, i.e. red and black), the arrester can be
connected by means of a conventional bus connector to the bus cable or directly to a bus
device. However, the bus overvoltage arrester cannot be used to branch the bus cable.
The third green connection wire is the earthing conductor, which should be connected to
the nearest earthing point of the installation (i.e. protective earth conductor).
In the case of flush-mounted bus devices and couplers, the overvoltage arrester terminal
is directly connected to the bus device instead of using a bus connector.
In this case, the connection between wires is ensured by means of an externally mounted
bus connector.
The arrester terminal also replaces the bus connection block when couplers are to be
connected in the main line.
In the case of DIN rail mounted bus devices in general, e.g. power supply units and
secondary lines of couplers, the overvoltage arrester terminal should be connected to a
data rail connector, if the devices are fed via a data rail.
The earthing conductor of the distribution board must be connected to the protective earth
conductor (PE) by means of a non-earthed DIN rail terminal.
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18 Recommendations to the use of overvoltage arresters
The use of overvoltage arresters is recommended for:
bus devices with protection class 1
bus devices with more connections than just bus (230/400 V AC and/or pipes of the
heating system)
In distribution boards, it is sufficient to equip each bus line with one overvoltage arrester.
In this case also the outer conductor and the neutral conductor need to be equipped with
overvoltage arresters.
For luminaries with built-in switching actuators the installation of overvoltage arresters is
only necessary when the bus and the mains form large-surface loops.
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19 Checking the installation
Checking an installation
1. Check whether permitted cable lengths have been observed
2. Run a visual check of the marking of the bus cable ends
3. Check installation for inadmissible cable connections
4. Measure the insulation resistance of the bus cables
5. Check polarity of all bus devices
6. Measure voltage at each bus cable end (minimum 21 V)
7. Record your test results
Figure 18: Checking the installation
1. Voltage drops and increase of the transmission duration of telegrams are the result
of ohmic resistance, capacity and inductance of bus cables. This again causes the
physical limits of a KNX TP installation as outlined below.
Length of a line segment max. 1000 m
Distance between power supply unit - bus device max. 350 m
Distance between two power supply units, including chokes As specified by the manufacturer
Distance between two bus devices max. 700 m
It may be helpful to measure the loop resistance of the bus line under test.
2. The ends of the bus cables should be clearly identified as KNX TP by marking them
KNX TP or BUS. An extra indication of the area and line will make it easier to locate a
specific bus cable for testing, commissioning or maintenance purposes.
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3. Bus cables from different lines may never be connected together. Inadmissible
connections between the individual lines can be checked by switching off the power
supply unit of the line under test. If the power LED of the line coupler continues to
light, an inadmissible connection has been detected.
4. The measurement of the insulation resistance of the bus cable should be carried out
at 250 V DC. The insulation resistance shall be at least 500 k. The measurement is
carried out as conductor against PE and not conductor against conductor.
Please note: Overvoltage arrester terminals should always be removed before
carrying out the test, so that the measurement is not influenced and the overvoltage
arrester is not damaged.
5. A polarity check should be carried out on all bus devices. To do so, set the bus device
into programming mode by pressing the programming button. If the programming LED
lights up, the bus device is correctly connected. To finish the check, press the
programming button again. This switches the bus device back to normal operating
mode and resets the programming LED.
6. After having mounted all bus devices, check the bus voltage at the end of each bus
cable using a voltmeter. The voltage should be at least 21 V DC.
7. Record all test results and add them to the documents of the KNX TP installation.
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20 Information to the use of data rails
Data rails, data rail covers in certain installations
Self adhesive data rail for 35 mm DIN rail
The data rail is offered in various standardized
lengths:
KNX Data rail 243 mm
Make sure that:
Keep the data rail clean
Do not cut the data rail
Do not solder the data rail
Data rail cover Cover unused sections
Figure 19: Data rail, data rail covers
In some installations data rails are required to connect DIN rail type bus devices, such as
binary outputs, dimmers, power supply unit etc.to KNX TP.
The self-adhesive data rail is mounted on the 35 mm DIN rail according to EN 50022.
The lengths of the data rails match the various widths of the standardised electric power
distribution boards. These lengths may not be changed afterwards, for instance by cutting
it shorter, as this would change the creepage and clearance distances.
When DIN rail mounted KNX TP bus devices use the data rail to connect to the TP bus
when snapped on the DIN rail, they do so by means of a pressure contact mechanism.
In order to protect unused sections of data rail from pollution or from accidental contact
with mains cables, they should be covered by a data rail cover.
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21 Power supply unit with data rail
DVC DVC
>= 21 V DC >= 21 V DC
TP Connectors
Connection with
screwless terminals
Bus line
Spring contacts
230 V
50/60 Hz
PS +
Bus + DIN Rail with data rail
Bus ‐
PS ‐
Connector
Power supply unit Choke
30 V DC 640 mA
> 100 ms buffer
Figure 20: Power supply unit (on DIN rail with data rail)
The above figure shows the bus connection of the power supply unit connected via spring
contact blocks to the printed conductors of the data rail. This type of connection i.e. the
standard data rail glued into the DIN rail can be found in old installations. The bus cable is
connected to flush mounted bus devices via a 2-pole data rail connector.
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22 Power supply unit for two lines with data rail
Connection with
screwless terminals
DVC
>= 21 V DC
230 V
50/60 Hz Line 1
PS +
Bus +
Bus ‐ DIN Rail with data rail
Connector 2‐pole
PS ‐
Power supply unit Choke
30 V DC 640 mA
> 100 ms buffer
White
Yellow Spring contacts
30 V DC Ancillary voltage
DVC
>= 21 V DC
PS + Connector 4‐pole
Bus +
Bus ‐
PS ‐
Choke
Line 2
Bus voltage
Figure 21: Power supply unit for two lines (on DIN rail with data rail)
A power supply unit of e.g. 30 V DC and 640 mA with pins connecting to data rail can be
used for feeding two lines.
By means of the integrated choke, the 30 V DC voltage is fed to the DIN rail devices via
pins and the two inner printed conductors of the data rail.
The connection to the TP bus cable is realized via a data rail connector (2-pole or 4-pole
connectors are available).
Via the ancillary voltage output (white/yellow) it is possible to feed the ancillary voltage to
the outer printed conductors of the data rail by means of a 4-pole data rail connector.
A separate choke then feeds the ancillary voltage via the inner printed conductors of the
data rail as 30 V DC bus voltage to the DIN rail devices. It is also possible here to connect
the bus cable by means of a 2-pole or 4-pole data rail connector.
The 2-pole data rail connectors have screwless terminals and the 4-pole data rail
connectors are connected to the TP bus cable by means of the standardized bus
connectors.
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KNX Powerline PL 110
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3
2 Standardisation............................................................................................................3
3 Transmission Process .................................................................................................4
3.1 Phase Coupling....................................................................................................5
3.2 Telegram Transmission .......................................................................................6
3.2.1 Training Sequence ........................................................................................... 6
3.2.2 Preamble field .................................................................................................. 6
3.2.3 Telegram .......................................................................................................... 6
3.2.4 System ID ......................................................................................................... 6
3.2.5 Reply Telegram ................................................................................................ 7
3.3 Installations without System Coupler ................................................................... 8
3.4 Installations with System Coupler ........................................................................ 9
3.5 Bus Access Procedure ....................................................................................... 10
4 Topology / Addressing ............................................................................................... 11
5 KNX PL 110 System Devices .................................................................................... 13
5.1 Mains Coupler....................................................................................................13
5.1.1 Mains Coupler and Compact Devices in Flush-mounted Design ................... 13
5.1.2 Surface-mounted Design ............................................................................... 13
5.1.3 DIN Rail Mounted Design ............................................................................... 14
5.1.4 Adapter........................................................................................................... 14
5.2 Phase Coupler ...................................................................................................14
5.3 System Coupler .................................................................................................14
5.4 Band-stop Filter..................................................................................................15
5.5 Mains Cables .....................................................................................................16
6 Information for Planners, Project Designers and Installers ........................................ 16
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NOTE: THIS CHAPTER IS INTENDED TO BE USED AS INFORMATIVE ANNEX TO BASIC COURSES.
THE CONTENTS IS NOT PART OF THE EXAM AT THE END OF THE BASIC COURSE.
1 Introduction
KNX PL 110 allows the transmission of telegrams across the 230/400 V network. A
separate bus line is therefore not necessary. Telegram transmission takes place via
external and neutral conductors which must be connected to every device. KNX PL 110 is
compatible with KNX TP components and the corresponding tools. It is possible for
instance to plug a flush-mounted application module onto a flush-mounted mains coupler
and to load the application software via the ‘bus cable’ (230/400 V supply line) into the
mains coupler.
In spite of the undefined transmission characteristics of the energy supply system (caused
by cable types, cable length, type and number of connected devices…), KNX PL 110
ensures a high level of security during telegram transmission. KNX PL 110 works bi-
directionally in a half-duplex operation i.e. every device can transmit and receive.
Typical KNX PL 110 applications are:
control (switching, dimming) of lighting installations
motor-driven applications (shutters, opening gates)
alarms
transmission of analogue values
time or central control
presence simulation
visualisation with touch-sensitive displays
Owing to the undefined network conditions, telegram transmission may be interrupted. For
this reason, it is not permitted to realise applications with KNX PL 110 whereby the
absence of a telegram can lead to extensive consequential damage. Such applications
are for example lift control and emergency devices.
2 Standardisation
In Europe, signal transmission via the energy supply system is regulated by the
CENELEC standard EN 50065. Part 1 of this standard defines general requirements,
frequency ranges, transmission levels and requirements for electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC).
KNX PL 110 uses the frequencies 105.6 kHz and 115.2 kHz for transmission.
Due to the middle frequency of 110 kHz, the KNX PL 110 system is sometimes referred to
as PL110. As the standard only allows a maximum transmission level of 116 dBµV, the
devices are sometimes called ‘class 116’ devices.
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3 Transmission Process
1 0 1 0 0
External conductor
Neutral conductor
Transmission module Transmission module
PEI PEI
Spread Transmitter Spread Transmitter
Logical “1” Logical “1”
(frequency) (frequency)
+ Mains + Mains
Data adapter Data adapter
Logical “0” Logical “0”
10100 (frequency) 10100 (frequency)
Resemblance A Resemblance A
Correlator Correlator
Logical “0” Logical “0”
(frequency) (frequency)
Data Bit decision Data Bit decision
A > B? A > B?
10100 10100
Logial “1” Logical “1”
(frequency) (frequency)
Correlator Correlator
Resemblance B Resemblance B
Microcontroller Correlation receiver Microcontroller Correlation receiver
Figure 1: Transmission process
Owing to the continuous progress made in the miniaturisation of electronics, it was
possible to apply a new transmission process for KNX PL 110 i.e. Spread Frequency Shift
Keying or SFSK for short. It functions as follows:
If a ‘0’ is transmitted, the transmitter produces a frequency of
105.6 kHz and the supply voltage are superimposed.
If a ‘1’ is transmitted, a frequency of 115.2 kHz is used.
In order to ensure a safe transmission at the highest possible speed, the rate of 1200
bit/s is set in all mains couplers which corresponds to a bit duration of 833 µs.
All mains couplers are permanently in receive mode. A received signal (also noise) is
permanently converted into a digital value.
This digital value is now fed into two correlators (probability comparators) which
compare the received digital value with a stored, digital frequency reference pattern.
There are two correlators in each mains coupler: one for the ‘0’ bit and one for the ‘1’
bit.
The correlators can differentiate with a calculable probability that:
- it is a ‘0’
- it is a ‘1’
- it is undefined (noise) and the bit is therefore rejected.
The combination of bit patterns as well as the specialised error detection methods allows
a guaranteed level of telegram recognition.
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In addition, a further innovative technique is used, namely the permanent and automatic
adaptation of transmission power and receiving sensitivity. This process allows continuous
adaptation of the transmission power to the network characteristics, thereby taking into
account that the maximum transmission level is never exceeded. All receivers likewise
permanently adapt their sensitivity according to the network characteristics. This results in
an optimum transmission range even under constantly changing supply conditions.
3.1 Phase Coupling
U L1 L2 L3
t
6,67 ms
8 bit periods
20 ms
24 bit periods
Figure 2: Phase coupling
In order to ensure that data is transmitted on all three conductors, the following two
possibilities exist:
In smaller installations, a passive phase coupling across the connections to devices
with more than one phase (e.g. gas heater, electric cooker) can suffice.
However, in order to ensure a defined coupling between the three external
conductors, the use of a phase coupler is recommended.
In larger installations, the integration of a system coupler in the repeater function is
1
recommended. The system coupler has 4 poles (3 external conductors and 1 neutral
conductor) and couples signals with the highest possible transmission level on each
external conductor.
1 The repeater has meanwhile been integrated in the system coupler and is no longer available as
an individual device. See also the chapter “System Devices: System Coupler”.
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Phase couplers and system couplers may not be installed simultaneously in an
installation. This means that if a repeater is retrofitted in an installation with an integrated
phase coupler, the phase coupler must be removed.
3.2 Telegram Transmission
Figure 3: Telegram transmission
Compared to the KNX-TP telegram, KNX PL 110 requires additional information during
the transmission of data.
3.2.1 Training Sequence
The training sequence acts as the automatic reception adjustment of the receivers (thus of
all mains couplers except those that are transmitting). The receivers adjust their reception
to the network conditions.
3.2.2 Preamble field
The preamble field has two functions:
It marks the start of the transmission.
It controls the bus access.
3.2.3 Telegram
After this the actual telegram is transmitted (as on KNX-TP), in which four additional bits
of test data are added to every transmitted byte. With the help of this test data, one bit
errors can be corrected and multi-bit errors can be detected.
3.2.4 System ID
Each telegram is terminated by a field which contains the System ID. The System ID
consists of 8 bits (with an additional 4 bits of test data) and can be set by the project
engineer of the installation between 1 and 254. The System ID is reserved for information
to all devices.
The objective of the System ID is to prevent KNX PL 110 installations that are positioned
in close proximity from influencing each other. For this purpose, a distinct System ID is
attributed to each KNX PL 110 installation. As the System ID is transmitted in the
telegram, each receiver can establish whether the telegram belongs to its installation and
then react accordingly.
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3.2.5 Reply Telegram
Figure 4: Reply telegram
The reply telegram is produced as a result of the received telegram and must reach the
transmitter after a certain period of time. Compared to KNX-TP, only two reply telegrams
are transmitted:
ACK: Transmission was successful.
NACK: Transmission was not successful. This reply telegram is only used by the
system coupler.
If the reply telegram is not sent, the telegram is repeated. The further process is
dependent on whether the system contains a system coupler or not.
The reply telegram may not be sent by all addressed devices but only by one actuator per
group address. For this purpose, one group object must be configured as the ‘group
speaker’ during the planning stage.
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3.3 Installations without System Coupler
1.1.6
230/400 V Distribution
Board with band‐stop filter
and phase coupler
1.1.7
5/7/33
1.1.5 Group speaker flag set
5/7/33
1.1.1 1.1.3
5/7/33 5/7/33
1.1.2 1.1.4
Figure 5: Installations without system coupler
In the example above, the device 1.1.7 is a KNX PL 110 sensor while all the other devices
are KNX PL 110 actuators. The sensor is activated. The following occurs:
The sensor transmits a telegram with group address 5/7/33.
All actuators receive and analyse it.
Only the actuator 1.1.5 transmits the ACK reply telegram because the project engineer
has set the group speaker flag at the corresponding group object for the group
address 5/7/33.
The following applies:
Only one ACK flag may be set per group address (for a group object which is linked to
this address).
The group speaker flag shall be set at the actuator which is furthest away.
If the telegram of 1.1.5 is either not received or received incorrectly e.g. due to a mains
disruption, the actuator will not send a reply telegram. The sensor repeats the telegram
once.
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3.4 Installations with System Coupler
1.1.6
230/400 V Distribution
Board with band‐stop filter
and repeater
1.1.7
5/7/33
1.1.5 Group speaker flag set
5/7/33
1.1.1 1.1.3
5/7/33 5/7/33
1.1.2 1.1.4
Figure 6: Installations with system coupler
The example is identical to the one described in section 3.3 but a system coupler has now
been installed in the distribution board. The presence of the system coupler is reported to
all the devices during programming. If a system coupler is retrofitted in the installation, all
the devices must be reprogrammed.
It is not necessary to press the programming button again because the individual address
is retained and only the application or base conflict byte, which contains information about
a possible system coupler in the installation, is overwritten.
The sensor is activated. If the device 1.1.5 receives the telegram correctly, it sends an
ACK telegram. The process is completed and the system coupler does not come into play.
However, if the device 1.1.5 does not receive the telegram or receives it incorrectly, the
following occurs:
The system coupler registers that the ACK telegram has not been transmitted and
repeats the telegram.
The device 1.1.5 now receives the telegram and transmits an ACK. The process is
thus completed.
If 1.1.5 still does not receive the telegram (no ACK from 1.1.5), the system coupler
sends a NACK.
The sensor receives the NACK and the process is completed.
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The following applies:
There may only be one group speaker for each group address. The setting is carried
out via the ACK flag for one of the group objects that is linked with the group address.
The group speaker flag shall be set at the actuator which is furthest away.
If a repeater is retrofitted, the following must be carried out:
Integrate the repeater in the ETS project:
The new repeater status is automatically set for all the PL 110 devices in the
project.
Download repeater status:
All the devices must be informed about the new repeater status by downloading
the application software. Only once the download is concluded are all the devices
aware that a system coupler with repeater function has been integrated into the
installation.
The mains couplers are now aware of the existence of a system coupler in the
installation.
A transmitting mains coupler will now no longer repeat the telegram, should the
reply telegram not be sent.
The system coupler must be installed in a central point of the installation (in the
distribution board).
Only one system coupler per installation is permitted. If a larger KNX/EIB installation is
implemented, in which there are several KNX Powerline areas, a system coupler with
its own System ID must be installed in each KNX Powerline area.
3.5 Bus Access Procedure
As in KNX-TP, a bus access procedure is also necessary for KNX PL 110 in order to
prevent collisions.
Owing to the high level of background noise on the 230/400 V supply system, bus access
cannot be related to the voltage level.
The collision problem has been resolved by the use of special time slots i.e. every mains
coupler may only transmit during specified periods. However, if several mains couplers try
to start transmission simultaneously, the following applies:
The mains couplers detect a collision and determine a new random priority for the
transmission of telegrams.
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4 Topology / Addressing
KNX TP
Powerline area
System coupler Device Device
1 255
Band‐stop filter
3 x 230 V
Figure 7: Topology / Addressing
The logical addressing of KNX-PL 110 is compatible with KNX-TP. A maximum of 8 areas
(compared to 15 for KNX-TP) can be addressed, each with 16 lines of 256 devices.
Areas containing PL signals must be separated from the general supply system via band-
stop filters. The band-stop filters are however no longer required uniformly by all suppliers.
If in doubt, you should check the local Technical Connection Requirements.
The system coupler forms the interface to KNX-TP in combined installations.
In a detached house it is not strictly necessary to split up the devices into lines and areas
via corresponding couplers, provided that the number of PL 110 devices does not exceed
256. All PL 110 devices can exchange data across all 3 external conductors via the 230 V
installation network once a phase coupler or system coupler has been installed.
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PL‐System Powerline Line 3
coupler 3
Device Device
1 255
nd
2 floor
KNX TP Main line PL‐System Device Device
Powerline Line 2
coupler 2
255
1
st
1 floor
PL‐System Powerline Line 1
coupler 1
Device Device
1 255
Ground floor
3 x 230 V
Figure 8: Topology / Addressing
Note: The 24 V supply of the TP main line can be taken from a system coupler.
In larger installations, the bus load is reduced via a logical and physical classification of
the KNX-PL 110 installation into a maximum of 8 areas with up to 15 lines (with up to 255
PL 110 devices per area).
The physical separation of the individual areas is achieved using band-stop filters.
Data can be transmitted from one line to another via the known KNX-TP main line
between the system couplers. The area coupling is likewise established as a KNX-TP
main line between the system couplers. The active phase coupling on the PL 110 side is
carried out by the system coupler. The physical separation and the filter table of the
system coupler allow a selective transmission of telegrams into the neighbouring area.
The bus load in the entire system is thus considerably reduced.
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5 KNX PL 110 System Devices
2
5.1 Mains Coupler
There are four types of mains couplers:
flush-mounted design for installation in standard flush-mounted wall boxes
surface-mounted design for installation in surface-mounted housing
DIN rail design for mounting on standard DIN rail
adapter
Each mains coupler has its own integrated power supply unit. The power consumption on
the d.c. side is:
In ‘receiving’ state: 5 V/30 mA and 24 V/1 mA => 174 mW
In ‘transmitting’ state: 5 V/30 mA and 24 V/10 ... 60 mA
=> 390 mW ... 1.59 W, depending on mains impedance
Leakage loss: 0.5 to 1.5 W.
5.1.1 Mains Coupler and Compact Devices in Flush-mounted Design
Characteristics of this mains coupler:
It can be built into a wall box but the box must have screws to secure the mains
coupler onto the retaining ring.
It has a standard 10-pole physical external interface (PEI) which is fitted according to
SELV specifications.
The mains connection is carried out by two screw terminals, whereby a conductor
2
cross section of 2.5 mm can be connected.
The mains supply terminals are marked ‘L’ and ‘N’.
Characteristics of compact devices:
Compact devices are mains couplers with integrated actuators e.g. switch, dimming or
shutter actuator.
5.1.2 Surface-mounted Design
Characteristics of this mains coupler:
It can be inserted in flush-mounted or surface-mounted housing
It has a standard 12-pole PEI which is however not isolated from the 230/400V
supply. If necessary, the device developer must carry out this separation.
The mains connection for the device developer is achieved by a 2-pole connection
post on the printed circuit-board. The mains connection for the installer is
manufacturer-specific.
2 PL devices do not require a PE connection. A corresponding terminal connection is necessary for
looping through the PE conductor (as in a conventional switch).
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5.1.3 DIN Rail Mounted Design
Characteristics of this mains coupler:
It can be mounted on standard DIN rails.
It has a width of 1.5 modules.
It has a standard 12-pole PEI which is fitted according to SELV specifications.
The mains connection is achieved by four screw terminals (two terminals each for L
and N), whereby a conductor cross section of 2.5 mm2 can be connected.
The mains supply terminals are marked ‘L’ and ‘N’.
5.1.4 Adapter
Characteristics of this mains coupler:
It is inserted in the Schuko socket.
It is available as a switch and universal dimming actuator.
5.2 Phase Coupler
Design: DIN rail, 1 module wide
Three-phase connector without neutral conductor
Passive capacitive coupling
Used in small installations without a system coupler
Fused with a circuit-breaker
5.3 System Coupler
Design: DIN rail mounted, 4 modules wide
Three-phase connector + neutral conductor
Ensures active phase coupling and telegram repetition
Only one system coupler permitted per installation
All mains couplers must be informed about the integration of a system coupler into an
installation
It can also be used as a media or backbone coupler
Media Coupler:
Used for coupling KNX-TP and KNX-PL110 installations
Full repeater functionality on PL110 side
Used in the project in the same way as a line coupler
KNX-TP side is primary, PL 110 side is secondary
Dynamically organised buffer for up to 256 telegrams
The following parameters are available:
Telegram routing similar to the line coupler. The parameters for blocking,
routing and filtering can be set for both directions.
Telegram acknowledgement for routed telegrams on KNX-TP side.
Repetitions in the event of transmission errors on KNX-TP side
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Backbone Coupler:
Used for coupling PL areas and for configuring a structured topology in larger
installations
Full repeater functionality in PL area to which it is assigned
Data cable of backbone coupler must be supplied internally with 24 V
The same parameters are available as for the media coupler
Repetitions in the event of transmission errors on the data cable of the backbone
coupler.
5.4 Band-stop Filter
Design: DIN rail mounted, 2.5 modules wide, single-phase connection + neutral
conductor
Max. load: 63 A with an operating temperature up to 25 °C
Connection of the external conductor: via screw terminals up to
2
25 mm
Connection of the neutral conductor: via screw terminal up to
2.5 mm
2
In installations with a nominal current between 63 A and 125 A and a conductor cross
section exceeding 25 mm , it is permitted to install two band-stop filters per phase in
2
parallel using main branching terminals.
Each band-stop filter must be secured according to its nominal load.
As the effectiveness of the band-stop filter is dependent on direction, the current flow
direction must be observed in the direction of the printed arrows during installation
(connection below: supply cable, connection above: KNX PL 110 installation).
The supply cable to the band-stop filter and the cable leading from it should be placed
as far apart as possible (recommended minimum interval: 10 cm) in order to prevent
unwanted signal interference.
Attenuation: 40 dB
Used to weaken signals:
to separate various installations in a building for example
to filter out interference
It must always be installed to meet existing regulations or any regulations in
development (e.g. technical connection conditions of the electricity board).
A band-stop filter must be installed per external conductor.
Installation site: normally in the distribution board directly behind the main fuse or the
fault current switch.
A band-stop filter can be omitted if the installation has its own transformer area.
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5.5 Mains Cables
All standard 230/400 V cables can be used. However, shielded cables where the
shield has been earthed should not be used due to signal attenuation.
6 Information for Planners, Project Designers and Installers
The integration of PL 110 installations can be carried out without any limitations in the
residential sector.
PL 110 installations should however be ‘enclosed’ signal areas e.g.:
installations behind the electricity meter e.g. in detached houses or multiple
dwellings
separate supply systems in larger buildings e.g. lighting or shutter control
installations in administration buildings
KNX PL 110 does not function or cannot be used:
Across a transformer substation
In networks with deviating parameters (e.g. 110 V/60 Hz)
In networks in which other carrier-frequent systems have already been installed for
supply data transmission in the frequency band 95 kHz – 125 kHz.
In networks with insufficient noise suppression (according to regulations).
Problems are caused by mains parallel capacitors, inverters, UPS installations and
insufficiently suppressed industrial machines (cranes, welding machines, eroding
machines etc.). In these cases, separate cables or band-stop filters are used to
isolate the devices causing interference.
For signal transmission between houses and buildings due to regulations.
For safety-related applications e.g. installations for monitoring sustaining and life-
saving functions as well as for functions whose failure can lead to extensive
damage.
A prerequisite for the operation of PL 110 is the effective interference suppression of
all the electrical loads used in the installation. This can nowadays be assumed due to
the legal regulations and norms for these devices. When a variety of electromotive
and frequency-controlled loads are used, this factor should be checked (CE mark of
the devices).
Practical experience shows that the interference caused by electronic ballasts and
electronic transformers is largely dependent on whether these devices are installed
correctly. The appropriate requirements should be obtained from the operating
instructions of the manufacturers.
Installation functions and customer requirements should be established as for KNX-
TP.
The system coupler should be installed in the central point of the installation to
achieve the highest possible ranges.
Transmission speed: 1200 bit/s => approx. 6 telegrams per second can be
transmitted.
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Bus devices should not be commissioned in such a way that they transmit cyclical
telegrams in short intervals (shorter than a minute).
Do not use any unshielded 230/400 V cables (with shield potential to ground).
Cable routing: as required (but in the case of band-stop filters, incoming and outgoing
cables should not be laid in parallel).
If there are several installations in one building, avoid running cables in parallel in
order to avoid cross-talk between installations.
Circuit-breakers and protective switches with a nominal current smaller than 10 A
shown a high level of signal attenuation. These devices should therefore not be
installed between two transmitting devices. If necessary, cut-out fuses should be used
in this case.
Always use one band-stop filter per external conductor (exception: own transformer
area), even when the transmission is limited to one phase. Pay attention to the heat
dependency of the load capacity of the band-stop filter. If necessary, divide electrical
circuits across several band-stop filters.
Overvoltage protection: The regulations for 230/400 V installations apply.
A PL 110 installation is commissioned in the same way as for KNX-TP.
If a system coupler is retrofitted in an installation as a repeater (or removed), it also
has to be reconfigured (removed) in ETS. All bus devices then need to be
reprogrammed accordingly so that they know that the installation has a new repeater
status.
A bus reset in a PL 110 installation can only be achieved by triggering the appropriate
circuit-breaker.
When using KNX-PL 110 in installations with devices known for causing interference
(e.g. inverters, UPS installations), the separation of the load and signal circuit can
already be taken into account at the planning stage.
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Table of contents
1 General information about ETS ................................................................................... 4
1.1 General aspects...................................................................................................4
1.2 The ETS concept ................................................................................................. 4
1.3 System requirements ...........................................................................................5
1.4 Installation of ETS ................................................................................................ 5
1.5 Licences...............................................................................................................6
1.6 Project design with ETS – The principles ............................................................ 8
1.7 Starting ETS ......................................................................................................... 9
1.8 Dashboard tabs..................................................................................................10
1.8.1 Overview tab .................................................................................................. 10
1.8.2 Projects tab .................................................................................................... 11
1.8.3 Catalogs tab ................................................................................................... 11
1.8.4 Database tab .................................................................................................. 12
1.8.5 Settings tab .................................................................................................... 14
1.9 The import functions .......................................................................................... 15
1.9.1 Product data import ........................................................................................ 16
1.9.2 Project import ................................................................................................. 18
1.9.3 Particularities for plug-in software .................................................................. 18
1.10 The export functions .......................................................................................... 19
2 Opening a project with ETS ....................................................................................... 20
2.1 Creating a new project ....................................................................................... 20
2.2 Opening existing projects ................................................................................... 21
2.3 Project details ....................................................................................................22
2.3.1 General index card ......................................................................................... 22
2.3.2 Project log index card..................................................................................... 23
2.3.3 Project files index card ................................................................................... 23
2.4 Project design views .......................................................................................... 23
2.4.1 Buildings window............................................................................................ 25
2.4.2 Group Addresses window .............................................................................. 26
2.4.3 Topology window ........................................................................................... 27
2.4.4 Devices window ............................................................................................. 28
2.4.5 Project Root window and Catalogs window ................................................... 28
2.4.6 Side Bar ......................................................................................................... 28
3 Quick project design with ETS ................................................................................... 29
3.1 Starting the project design ................................................................................. 29
3.2 Creating a building structure .............................................................................. 30
3.3 Product Finder ...................................................................................................31
3.3.1 Finding products ............................................................................................ 32
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3.3.2 Inserting devices ............................................................................................ 32
3.4 Properties of the devices ................................................................................... 33
3.4.1 Product information ........................................................................................ 33
3.5 Device parameters.............................................................................................34
3.6 Editing group objects ......................................................................................... 35
3.6.1 Setting the flags ............................................................................................. 36
3.7 Configuring group addresses ............................................................................. 38
3.8 Assignment of group addresses ........................................................................ 39
3.8.1 Sending group address .................................................................................. 40
3.8.2 Group speaker flag......................................................................................... 41
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1 General information about ETS
1.1 General aspects
KNX is a fully integrated system for home and building automation for the implementation
of upward compatible, flexible and cost-effective solutions. Its functional versatility cannot
only be used in simple and limited installations but also enables solutions for the entire
building sector. KNX thus corresponds to the requirements of the electrical trade including
project design and installation, commissioning, operation of the bus system and
maintenance.
The planning, project design and commissioning of a KNX installation requires a software
tool for building designers and electrical installers that is clearly structured and simple to
use.
An extensive online Help file is available to the user. The user can at any time access
help for the currently opened window via the F1 button.
The project design of a building, in which KNX should be used, initially does not differ
from conventional electrical planning. The following aspects must be clarified by the
planner in the preliminary stages:
the type and use of the building,
the building system components that are to be implemented and their functions,
type and frequency of changes of use,
special requirements of the clients,
budget
The planning of the electrical installation is carried out as for a conventional installation
according to the generally recognised rules of technology, the connection conditions of
the utility as well as the usual planning guidelines, implementary regulations and
dimensioning provisions.
1.2 The ETS concept
For the planning, project design and commissioning of KNX systems, a uniform program
for the project design and commissioning of the KNX system is available for planners and
installers. ETS stands for Engineering Tool Software. ETS ™ is a registered trademark of
the KNX Association. ETS4 is the current version of ETS. On the one hand, ETS4 is a
newly developed software program: during its development particular emphasis was
placed on keeping the user interface very similar to that of the previous versions.
On the other hand, the display and operating philosophy of the user interface of ETS4 has
been completely reworked. Display and operation has been adapted to current standards.
In this way, operation and orientation has been clearly simplified in comparison to ETS3.
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1.3 System requirements
The following operating systems (as 32/64 bit) are supported in principle:
MS Windows XP
MS Windows Vista
MS Windows 7
MS Windows 8
MS Windows Server 2003/2008
Details about this and the required hardware can be found on the KNX home page on
http://www.knx.org/knx-tools/ETS/requirements/.
1.4 Installation of ETS
You can only obtain ETS from KNX Association via internet in the KNX online shop
(address https://onlineshop.knx.org.)
If you have downloaded the software from the internet and have unzipped the
downloaded file, you start the installation by executing the installation program
ETS4Setup.exe.
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Figure 1: Licensing
1.5 Licences
There are four versions available, all as a PC-dependent key or a non PC-dependant
dongle (except for the demo):
Demo: Full functionality, max. 3 devices per project, this version is free of charge.
Lite: Full functionality, max. 20 devices per project.
Professional: Full functionality, no restrictions as regards number of devices which
can be installed and the number of projects which can be created
There is also the Supplementary version. This version is intended as an additional
licence for the full Professional version on a second PC (commissioning
PC/Notebook).
In all cases, the ETS program is installed in full. The mode, in which ETS subsequently
runs, depends on the type of licence key. After installation, the program first runs as a
demo version. You can start the process for purchasing and installing licences, by clicking
the Licensing… button in the Version Information box in the ETS dash board, which is
opened after starting ETS.
Pressing the Request Licence button leads directly to the KNX online shop. This requires
an active online connection. On the pages of the online shop, you will also find detailed
information about the licensing process.
The following key types exist:
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PC dependent key: this key activates the license only on the PC on which the ETS
license has been installed.
PC independent key: this key does not refer to the PC hardware, but refers to a
“dongle” which also has to be ordered from KNX Association. This dongle must be
inserted in the USB port of the computer. This type of key is a little bit more expensive
ETS also allows distant configuration or maintenance of installations (via Internet, called
iETS)
Since the introduction of ETS 4.1 it is possible to extend the functionality of ETS via
programs called “Apps”. These Apps are also available in the KNX Online Shop and they
are licensed in the same way as described before. Some Apps are developed by KNX
Association, others by KNX manufacturers. Examples of such Apps are: online product
catalog, graphical configuration of ETS projects, Project compare, Replace product…. For
some of these apps a fee needs to be paid.
In order to prepare yourself for a future KNX basic course and to get acquainted with ETS,
you can sign up for the ETS eCampus. This is free of charge and you only need to
register yourself in the Online Shop.
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1.6 Project design with ETS – The principles
The following steps represent the chronological order for project design with ETS.
Carry out the ETS settings
Read in or convert product databases
Create the project with the necessary data
Set up the structure of the project (building structure/bus topology)
Insert KNX products (devices with corresponding application) into the building
structure
Set the parameters of the KNX products according to requirements
Create group addresses
Link the group objects of the KNX products with the group addresses
Assign the configured KNX products to the bus topology (final definition of the
individual address)
Assign the configured KNX products to the installed functions (optional)
Check the project design
Print out the documentation
Save the project
It is possible to deviate from this sequence in individual cases. Some steps can be
omitted for smaller projects. Additional steps are necessary in large projects (team
projects).
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1.7 Starting ETS
After the installation, ETS can be started by clicking the icon
on the desktop or via the newly created program group called KNX.
When you open up ETS, a window appears which is referred to as the dashboard.
Figure 2: “Dashboard”
It contains the following elements:
A “Quick Actions” bar (1) for frequently required functions.
A menu bar (2). If you click on elements of the menu bar, you directly access the project
design view of ETS.
A tab (3) via which you select what is currently displayed in the workspace (4).
You can access the dashboard again at any time by clicking on the small green ETS field
in the top left-hand corner of the ETS window.
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1.8 Dashboard tabs
1.8.1 Overview tab
When ETS is opened, the Overview tab is selected so that the fields displayed in figure 3
are visible in the workspace:
Figure 3: Dashboard, Overview tab selected
By double clicking on a project in window area A, you select the project that is to be
edited. Via area B, you access the licensing feature. If you have an existing connection to
the internet, current news about the KNX Association is shown in areas C and D.
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1.8.2 Projects tab
Figure 4: Dashboard, Projects tab selected
You can create a new project here, select a project for editing and set the properties of
the projects. Further information can be found below in section 2: “Opening a project with
ETS”.
Projects can likewise be imported and exported via this window. Further information about
the import and export is described below in a separate section.
1.8.3 Catalogs tab
The product data of the manufacturers is managed under Catalogs.
After the installation, the ETS database is empty. To be able to work with ETS, product
data from the manufacturers must be imported into this database. The import function of
ETS is used for this purpose. Details about the import and export are described below in a
separate section.
The manufacturers’ product databases can be obtained free of charge on a CD or via the
internet.
The window that is shown after selecting the Catalogs tab is displayed again during the
project design stage when selecting devices. This window is therefore described in more
detail further down in this section (see: Catalogs)
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1.8.4 Database tab
Figure 5: Dashboard, Database tab selected
In the Database window, you can select the currently edited database, generate a new
database or create a backup of the database.
Select database: If you are working with several databases, you can select here the
database you wish to use. You can specify under Settings (see next tab) in which
directory the databases are located.
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Figure 6: Select database
You can likewise generate a new database via the New… button. The result is
however an empty database, into which you need to import the product data of the
manufacturers.
Backup now or Restore backup. You require this function on the one hand to create
a backup copy of your database and on the other hand to port a database to another
computer. The file that was created during the backup process must be inserted via
the option Restore backup on the other computer. Only then does ETS work with this
database. A database that has simply been copied cannot be handled by ETS
(protective function of the MS database system).
An automatic backup function can also be set under the Settings tab. Further details
about this can be found in the explanatory notes on the settings.
Central database repository
Figure 7: Central database repository
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A further function under the Database tab makes it possible to store the database not
on the local computer but e.g. on a network drive. This is especially useful, when
working with several users in one database. However, only one user can work with the
database at one time. If required, you must select the option Use central database
repository and when you wish to work with this database, you must check out this
database to avoid that some else simultaneously carries out changes to the database
content. Once you have finished editing the database, you must check this database
back into the central database repository again. A prerequisite for this procedure is
that the database in question has only been added once to the central database
repository. The path of the central database repository can also be entered in this
window.
1.8.5 Settings tab
Figure 8: Dashboard, Settings tab selected
The settings are divided over eight different areas, which one can select by clicking on the
terms in the left half of the window:
Presentation General. Here you can influence the properties and appearance of ETS
in some cases. For details, please refer to the online Help feature in ETS.
Presentation Language. Here you can select the language of ETS.
Communication. Here you can set the interface that is used for bus access. For
details about this topic, please refer to the commissioning chapter of this training
documentation.
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Database
Figure 9: Dashboard, Settings tab, Database submenu
In addition to selecting the path where the ETS databases should be stored, you can
select here, whether you wish to create a backup each time you close ETS. If you have
ticked the option Append date and time on backup file name, the current date and time is
attached to the file name for each backup file.
Software Updates. When enabled, ETS checks automatically via the internet whether
there are new updates of ETS available. If this is the case, ETS signals this and the
new update is installed if requested.
Troubleshooting. Here you define the logging level for documenting your work in
ETS log files for potential troubleshooting by the KNX Association.
Import. Setting the behaviour of the Import Wizard and the installation of plug-ins. For
further details, see below under the description of the import functions.
Shortcuts. Here all shortcuts are displayed, which can be adapted according to your
habits. Shortcuts enable the experienced user to work quicker with ETS.
1.9 The import functions
The import function enables both the import of product data as well as projects. You can
retrieve this function from different places in ETS. This can be done via the “Quick
Actions” bar on the dashboard and in the Projects and Catalogs tabs via the Import...
button. You can also retrieve the import function at any time when working in the project
design view of ETS by selecting the Import… button in the Catalogs window.
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