Major Religion in Malaysia

MAJORRELIGIONS

IN MALAYSIA

MPU2323
RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN

MALAYSIA

PREPARED BY:
STUDENT – JOE ANUSORN A/L PHANUK
LECTURER – ABD RASHID ABDUL HALIM @ JAAFAR

LECTURER

USTAZ ABD RASHID
ABDUL HALIM @ JAAFAR

STUDENT STUDENT
PROFILE
STUDENT NAME

JOE ANUSORN A/L PHANUK
54101121031

Table of Contents

1. Introduction 2
2. Religions in Malaysia 3 – 10

2.1 Islam 11 – 16
2.2 Buddha 17 – 22
2.3 Hindu 23 – 29
2.4 Christian
30
3. History of Religions 31 - 32
4. Worship Places
5. Religious Festival
6. Conclusion
7. References

Introduction

Malaysia is one of the countries that are well known
because of its multi-religion. Islam is the country of
Malaysia's official religion. With 63.5 per cent of the
population practising Islam, Islam made up the largest
portion of the Malaysian population.
In Malaysia, Buddhism is currently the second-largest
religion after Islam. The nation has 5.4 million Buddhist
followers or 19.2% of the total population.
With a larger predominance in Sabah and Sarawak in
Malaysian Borneo, Christianity makes up less than 10%
of the population.
The smallest group, with 6% of the population, is the
Hindus. Malaysia also has a minor population of Sikhs,
Taoists, Confucians, pagans, and animists.

2

Religions in Malaysia

2.1 ISLAM

Islam is a monotheistic faith that adheres to the Qur'an, which
its followers see as the written word of Allah (God). It is the
second-most prevalent religion worldwide. Islam also means
"submission to god," in addition to the religion itself. Muslims
are individuals who adhere to Islam.

Shia and Sunni Muslims make up the majority of Muslims. The
most essential Islamic principles are held by both Muslims.
Political differences, not spiritual ones, were where the two
parties' main divisions lay.

The dispute over who should govern the Muslim nation after
the prophet Muhammad passed away is where the schism
between Sunni and Shia originated. According to Sunni
Muslims, the Prophet's companions should take the position and
the new leader should be chosen from among the qualified.
Shia Muslims held the view that the Prophet's cousin should
inherit the leadership and that it should remain within the
Prophet's family. The majority of Muslims are Sunni.

3

Muslims hold that Abraham, Moses, and Jesus were just a few
of the prophets who revealed the Islamic faith in the past. They
view the Qur'an as the Last Testament, the last revelation from
God.
All Muslims are expected to adhere to the Five Pillars of Islam.
They are depicted in the Qur'an as a symbol of fidelity to the
faith. These pillars are the Shahadah (Islam's fundamental
creed), Salat (daily prayers), Zakat (almsgiving), Sawm (fasting
during Ramadan), and Hajj (at least once in a lifetime) journey
to Mecca.

4

2.2 BUDDHISM

Buddhism is a path of spiritual development and practice that
leads to insight into the true nature of reality. Buddhist
practices such as meditation are ways to change yourself in
order to develop qualities such as awareness, kindness, and
wisdom. Over thousands of years, the experience developed
within the Buddhist tradition has created an incomparable
resource for all those who wish to follow a path that ultimately
culminates in Enlightenment or Buddhahood. An enlightened
being has clearly seen the nature of reality as it is and lives
fully and naturally as a result of that vision. This is the ultimate
goal of the Buddhist spiritual life, and it represents the end of
suffering for anyone who achieves it.

5

Some people do not consider Buddhism to be a religion in the
traditional Western sense because it does not include the
concept of worshipping a creator god. The fundamental tenets
of Buddhist teaching are simple and straightforward: nothing is
fixed or permanent; actions have consequences, and change is
possible. As a result, Buddhism addresses itself to all people,
regardless of race, nationality, caste, sexual orientation, or
gender. It teaches practical methods for people to realize and
apply its teachings in order to transform their experiences and
take full responsibility for their lives.

There are approximately 350 million Buddhists worldwide,
with a growing number of Westerners among them. They
practice a variety of Buddhist traditions, but all are
distinguished by nonviolence, the absence of dogma, tolerance
for differences, and, in most cases, the practice of meditation.

6

2.3 HINDUS

In Hinduism, there is no single, authoritative text that serves
the same purpose as the Bible for Christians or the Qur'an for
Muslims. Instead, there are several different text collections.
The Vedas are the earliest and most authoritative Hindu sacred
texts. They are thought to have been written between 1800 and
1200 BCE. The Upanishads describe a more philosophical and
theoretical approach to Hinduism and were written between
800 and 400 BCE, roughly around the time the Buddha lived and
taught. The Mahabharata is the world's longest epic poem, with
the most well-known portion being the Bhagavad-Gita, which is
possibly the most well-known and widely cited book in
Hinduism; the Ramayana is the other most important epic poem
in Hinduism.

7

Hinduism embraces a lush, expansive understanding of the
divine that accommodates a wide range of dynamic and
multifaceted concepts. Hinduism considers the divine to be
neither one nor many; neither male nor female, but both;
neither formless nor embodied, but both. Vishnu, Shiva,
Ganesha, Krishna, Sarasvati, Durga, and Kali are some of
Hinduism's most important deities.

There is no weekly worship service for Hindus, nor is there a
set day or time when a community is called to gather publicly.
Although most Hindus visit temples on a regular or at least
infrequent basis to pray and make offerings, a "good" Hindu
should never worship in public. All worship can instead be
performed to icons in the home shrine, which is why the home
is such an important place of worship in India.

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2.4 CHRISTIAN

Christianity is the most widely practised religion. The Christian
faith arose from Jesus Christ's life, ministry, death, and
resurrection. It is also the most diverse and widespread belief
system.

Christianity began with the ministry of Jesus, a Jewish teacher
and healer who preached God's imminent kingdom. According
to the Gospels, Jesus' followers believe that He was the Son of
God, that He died for our sins, that He was raised from the dead
and exalted by God, and that He will return soon at the
beginning of God's kingdom.

Christians number over two billion adherents. The Roman
Catholic Church is the most numerous and powerful
denomination. The Protestant churches are the most diverse,
and Eastern Orthodoxy is the second most populous

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As a tradition, Christianity is more than a set of religious
beliefs. It is a religion that has a significant impact on modern
life. It gives rise to culture, practices, and artefacts that have
been passed down through generations since Jesus first
became the object of faith.

Christianity is a religion founded on Jesus' teachings and
miracles. The Christ is Jesus. The term "Christ" refers to the
anointed one. Jesus' surname is not Christ. Jesus is God the
Father's anointed one who came to this world, fulfilled the Old
Testament laws and prophecies, died on the cross, and
physically rose from the dead. He performed numerous
miracles that were witnessed by eyewitnesses and recorded in
the Gospels. He is both divine and human in nature. As a result,
He has two personalities and is worthy of worship and prayer.

10

History of Religion

3.1 ORIGIN OF ISLAM IN MALAYSIA

In the 13th century, Arab and Indian traders introduced Islam
to the Malay Archipelago, bringing an end to the era of
Buddhism and Hinduism. Known in the Sejarah Melayu to be an
ancestor of Alexander the Great, Parameswara, a Srivijaya
ruler who escaped Temasek , created the port of Malacca on
the western coast of the Malay Peninsula around 1402. He came
under Temagi's protection there, a Malay chief from Pattani
who had been chosen by the king of Siam to serve as Temasek's
regent. In a short period, Parameswara assassinated Temagi
and declared himself regent. He was forced to leave Temasek
around five years later as a result of threats from Siam.

He supposedly stopped in Sening Ujong along the route (the
former name of modern-day Sungai Ujong), before arriving at a
fishing community at the mouth of the Bertam River (formerly
known as the Melaka River) and founding the Malacca
Sultanate. He decided to establish the Malacca kingdom since
he saw this as a sign of good things to come. Admiral Zheng
paid a visit to Malacca and returned to China with
Parameswara, recognizing him as the rightful ruler of Malacca.

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He supposedly stopped in Sening Ujong along the route (the
former name of modern-day Sungai Ujong), before arriving at a
fishing community at the mouth of the Bertam River (formerly
known as the Melaka River) and founding the Malacca
Sultanate. One theory holds that Parameswara converted to
Islam after getting married to a Princess of Pasai, adopting the
fashionable Persian title "Shah," and going by the name
Iskandar Shah. Chinese historical records state that the first
Malacca ruler's son visited the Ming emperor in 1414 to inform
him of his father's passing.

Because Malacca was ruled by a Muslim Prince at the time,
the conversion of Malays to Islam accelerated in the 15th
century. The Malaccan Sultanate's political power aided Islam's
rapid spread throughout the archipelago. Malacca was a major
commercial center at the time, attracting trade from all over
the region.

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3.2 ORIGIN OF BUDDHISM IN MALAYSIA

As early as 200 BCE, Buddhism was introduced to the Malays
and the people of the Malay Archipelago. According to Chinese
written sources, the Malay Peninsula saw the rise and fall of 30
small Indianized states. When Indian traders and priests
traveled the maritime routes, they brought Indian concepts of
religion, government, and the arts with them. For many
centuries, the peoples of the region, particularly the royal
courts, synthesized Indian and indigenous ideas such as
Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, influencing their political
and cultural patterns. The king of Kedah, Phra Ong
Mahawangsa, was the first Malay ruler to reject traditional
Indian religion; he converted to Islam, and the majority of
Malays converted to Islam in the 15th century, during the
golden age of the Malacca Sultanate.

13

The term 'Buddha' is a title that means "one who is awake" as in
"awakened to reality". He was a human being who became
Enlightened, understanding life to the fullest. Siddhartha was
born into the royal family of a small kingdom on the Indian-
Nepalese border.

According to the traditional story, he had a privileged
upbringing but was jolted out of his sheltered life upon realizing
that life includes the harsh facts of old age, sickness, and
death. This caused him to ponder the meaning of life. He
eventually felt compelled to leave his palace and travel the
traditional Indian path of the wandering holy man in search of
Truth. But he had not solved the mystery of life and death.
Enlightenment provides insight into the inner workings of life,
and thus into the source of human suffering the problem that
prompted him to embark on his spiritual journey in the first
place. In the East, his teaching is known as the Buddha-dharma,
or "teaching of the Enlightened One". They, in turn, taught
others, and so on, creating an unbroken chain of teaching that
has continued to the present day. The Buddha was not a god
and never claimed divinity. He was a human being who, through
tremendous heart and mental effort, transformed all
limitations. He affirmed that every being has the potential to
attain Buddhahood.

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3.3 ORIGIN OF HINDUS IN MALAYSIA

During the British colonial rule in Malaya from the early
nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries, many Indian settlers
came from South India. Many came to escape poverty and
famines in British India, and they worked as indentured
labourers in tin mining operations, coffee, sugar, and later
rubber plantations, alongside immigrant Chinese labourers.
In the early years, Hindu retention rates in Malaysia were low,
and as time passed, fewer Hindus volunteered to live in
Malaysia. The colonial rule implemented a Kangani recruitment
system, in which trusted Hindu workers were encouraged and
rewarded for recruiting friends and family from India to work in
British operations in Malaysia. The Kangani system resulted in
the vast majority of Hindus coming from certain parts of South
India.
The British colonial Malayan Administration named laws to
highlight the focused group and enacted the Tamil Immigration
Fund Ordinance in 1907. They were forced to live in closed
plantation societies in frontier zones, and the plantation
represented their existence boundary. Following Malaysia's
independence in 1957, local governments favoured indigenous
Bumiputera while refusing automatic citizenship to Indians and
Chinese ethnic groups who had lived in Malaysia for decades
during the British colonial era. Singapore, which was a part of
Malaysia until the early 1960s, seceded from the union and
became an independent city-state.

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3.4 ORIGIN OF CHRISTIAN IN MALAYSIA

The early Christian presence in the
Malay archipelago can be traced back
to Arab Christian traders from the
Arabian Peninsula who heard the
gospel from Peter the apostle at
Jerusalem , as well as those
evangelised by Paul's ministry in Arabia
and St Thomas' evangelistic ministry to
early Arabians and Nestorians as early
as the 7th century and to early Arab
Christian, Persian, and Nestorian
traders in Malacca prior to the. In 1786,
the British took over Penang, and in
1795, they took over Malacca, which had
been conquered by the Dutch in 1641.

The LMS began operations in Malacca and Penang in 1815, but
most Protestant missions ceased operations after 1842 when it
became possible to enter China. The Catholic leadership
remained, but it was split between the Portuguese and the
French. The Open Brethren ministry began in 1860, and the
Methodist ministry began in 1885. In 1932, a mission to the
Sengoi indigenous people was established. Following the
establishment of British North Borneo in 1882, Anglicanism and
Roman Catholicism arrived in North Borneo. Migration played a
role in the spread of Christianity as well. Following migration
from India's Kerala Coast, the Mar Thoma and Syriac Orthodox
Churches were established in the 1930s.

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Worship Places

4.1 Islam Religious Places

The Mosque is regarded as the Muslim community centre. The
mosque, also known as a Masjid in Arabic, is the centre of the
Muslim family and community. Daily prayers are offered five
times during the course of the day. Following the offering of
prayers, Muslims gather for brief discussions and interaction
with one another. This interaction promotes community unity by
strengthening social, spiritual, and economic ties.

Muslims hold their weekly congregational prayer on Friday
afternoons, known in Arabic as Jummah, which means
"congregation." This weekly ritual allows the Muslim community
to be reminded and encouraged to live virtuous lives and to
make a positive impact on the society and environment in
which they live. The Imam of the Mosque delivers the message.

17

Similar to a priest, the Imam serves as the community's leader
and is revered for his spiritual insight and counsel. The Imam
must be well-versed in the Qur'an, the word of God for Muslims,
the Hadith, which stands for the sayings and compassionate
traditions of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), as well
as the wisdom of the contextual applications, in order to offer
useful solutions and guidance for the difficulties we encounter
in life.

Mosques are given names based on God's magnificent 99
qualities. These qualities reflect God Almighty's genuine nature
and His significance as the universe's sole deity and its greatest
creator. Muslims hold that His attributes must be honoured,
reflected upon, and absorbed into our own personalities.

18

4.2 Buddhist Religious Places

A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is a place of worship
for Buddhists or Buddhist followers. In different regions and
languages, they are known as vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, and
pagoda. Temples in Buddhism represent a Buddha's pure land
or pure environment. Traditional Buddhist temples are intended
to promote both inner and outer peace.

Thai Wat in Malaysia

In Malaysia, the many ethnic groups of Theravadins usually
build temples in the style of their traditions, catering primarily
to their indigenous groups. The Thai community, for example,
establishes 'Wats,' or Thai Buddhist temples, such as Wat
Chetawan, which house Thai monks and hold religious services
in Pili and Thai.

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Chinese Temple In Malaysia

The classical
'Chinese temple'
architectural
style is used by
the majority of
Mahayana
Buddhist temples
in Malaysia.

The Mahayana
Buddhists hold
their services
in Mandarin
and other
Chinese
dialects, though
some urban
temples preach
in English.

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4.3 Hindu Religious Places

The home, seat, and

body of god in Hinduism

are represented

through temples. It is a

building made to unite

humans and deities and

uses symbols to convey

Hinduism's philosophies

and principles. Hindu

temples employ circles

and squares in their

architecture and

iconography, which is

derived from ancient

Vedic practises.

The macrocosm and the microcosm are also represented
through recursion and equivalency using astronomical
numbers, as well as "particular alignments relating to the
geography of the area and the supposed links of the deity and
the patron."

A temple includes all of the components of the Hindu universe,
metaphorically portraying dharma, kama, artha, moksa, karma,
and human beings as well as the good, the evil, and the human.

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4.4 Christian Religious Places

Christianity first appeared in Malaysia in the seventh century.
As a result, some of the country's oldest churches will be
present, particularly in Penang and Malacca. The
denominations that the churches practise largely determine the
types of churches in Malaysia. There are many churches in
Malaysia. Churches are either Catholic or Protestant, as is well
known. The several diverse denominations that fall under each
group can be further broken down into Methodist, Anglican,
Presbyterian, Charismatic, and many other types.

Catholic Churches are quite common around Malaysia due to
the strong history when Catholic priests came to the country.
Among the prominent Catholic churches in Malaysia includes
the St John’s Cathedral in Kuala Lumpur, Church of St Francis
Xavier and many others.

The majority of Christian churches are typically thought to be
Protestant ones. There is also many different types of the
protestant church.

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Religious Festival

5.1 Islam Religious Festival

There are two religious festivals in Islam, 'Id al-Fitr, the festival
of the breaking of the fast at the end of the month of Ramadan,
during which Muslims fast from dawn until sunset. ‘Id al-Adha,
the festival of sacrifice, comes on the tenth of Dhu'l-Hijjah, the
last month of the Islamic year in which the pilgrimage is
performed. Both festivals enjoy a very special place in the life
of Muslims and leave indelible impressions on the culture of
Muslim people.

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Hari Raya Aidilfitri

It is a time of year when Muslims seek their family and friends
for forgiveness, and special prayers are held at mosques.
Throughout this month-long event, there will be lots of house
visits and feasting. Friends and family are welcome to gather
and celebrate. There are typically plenty of traditional Malay
dishes and sweets available.

Hari Raya Aidiladha

Hari Raya AidilAdha is based on the concept of sacrifice, and it
is on this day that Muslims all over the world are encouraged
by their religion to slaughter cattle, sheep, or goats as a token
sacrifice - symbolic of larger sacrifices they are asked to make
in order to uphold the sanctity of their religion. The sacrificed
meat is distributed to the poor and needy.

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5.2 Buddha Religious Festival

Wesak Day

Wesak is celebrated by Buddhists to commemorate the birth,
enlightenment and death of Buddha – all three events have taken
place on the same lunar date according to Buddhist reckoning.
Buddhists observe a vegetarian diet to ‘cleanse’ themselves
before the occasion. Thousands of devotees gather at temples for
prayers, offerings, meditation, chanting and almsgiving before
dawn. Doves and tortoises are also released in a symbolic
gesture of liberating the soul and forsaking past sins.

The ancient lunar month of
Vesakha's first full moon,
which typically occurs between
mid-May and June, is the day
on which Wesak Day is
celebrated. It is a period for
attending religious events,
giving alms, meditating, and
adhering to Lord Buddha's
teachings as a good way to
live.

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Devout Buddhists visit temples early in the morning to pray
and reflect on the eight precepts, or sacred teachings, of
Gautama Buddha, as part of the Wesak Day celebration.
Buddhist monks wearing saffron robes say prayers in unison
while temples are decorated with lovely lights, creating a
serene, joyful, and spiritual mood.

The festive rituals include giving flowers, lighting candles and
incense sticks, making donations, and giving alms to monks.
This represents the fact that nothing in this world is permanent.
In the end, what is most valued are compassion, harmony, and
love for all. Devotees gather at temples before dawn to witness
the raising of the Buddhist flag. Some Buddhist temples also
give out flags to worshipers, who display them in their homes.

In Malaysia, people visit the Malaysian Buddhist Association
building and wait in a queue to pour water over the shoulders
of the Buddha statue there as a symbol of cleansing one’s soul
and mind. They also bring lotus-shaped candles and ask for
blessings. The rituals end with a simple vegetarian meal.

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5.3 Hindu Religious Festival

Thaipusam

The Hindus believe that by celebrating Thaipusam, they are
cleansed of all sins and that their sins can be atoned for in a
variety of ways. Because Lord Muruga's traditional abode is a
hill, the celebration is held in hilly areas. The festival is held on
a grand scale in Batu Caves, Selangor, and the Waterfall
Temple, Penang.

The jewel-encrusted statue of Lord Muruga is transported in a
silver chariot on the eve of the festival from the Sri Maha
Mariamman temple at Jalan Bandar in Kuala Lumpur to the
Batu Caves, where it is installed in the temple area. Holy water
is thrown on the deity's path and thousands of fresh coconuts
are smashed, signifying the washing away of sins, amid a
setting electrified by drumming and chanting.

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Deepavali

Deepavali, also known as the Festival of Lights, represents for
Hindus the victory of good over evil. Hindus light up their homes
to symbolise their victory over the night. Additionally, each
residence has a colourful Kolam (rice painting) on the front to
symbolise prosperity and success. These rice-based "paintings"
come in a variety of styles and are embellished with candles
and miniature lamps.

Both at home and in the temple, prayers are said on the eve of
Deepavali. Before the sun rises, traditional Hindus take an oil
bath, pray at home, and burn incense before visiting the temple.
After paying homage to the family's elders, relatives and
friends are invited to open houses where a variety of
mouthwatering traditional Indian cuisine is offered.

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5.4 Christian Religious Festival

Christmas Day

Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus on December 25th,
believing him to be both the Messiah (or Christ in Greek) and the
son of God (that is, divine). Eastern Orthodox Christians
celebrate their birth on January 7th.

The Bible describes Jesus' birth, or nativity, in the New
Testament Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Christians disagree
about the accounts' status, with some believing they describe
theological truths but not historical ones. The Gospels make no
mention of the date set by the Pope for Jesus' birth.

In Malaysia, Christmas is mostly a secular and commercial
festival. Since there are only approximately 10% of Christians in
Malaysia, most people simply associate the holiday with
festivities like parties, decorations in stores and public spaces,
and gifts. Malaysian Christians gather with friends and family to
celebrate this occasion. Christmas is another season when a lot
of individuals host open houses to share this celebration with
everyone in the neighbourhood, regardless of their religious
affiliation. It's a joyous occasion.

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CONCLUSION

These are Malaysia's four primary religions. Briefly put,
Malaysia is home to the majority of world religions. However,
Islam is also regarded as the predominant religion, and Malaysia
is a nation that practices Islam.

Relationships between different religious groups are frequently
at least bearable, even though the fact that individuals of
different ethnic groups do tend to have more homogeneous
interpersonal interactions based on ethnicity and religion.
Christmas, the Lunar New Year, Eid, Deepavali, and Wesak are
all recognized as national holidays. Politics in Malaysia place a
high priority on religious harmony, hence numerous
organizations have been created to enhance religious
understanding among various communities.

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THANK
YOU

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