ENGLISH COURSE BOOK FORM 4

NOTES !

Simple Present Tense
A repeated action.
I play badminton twice a week.

Continuous Present Tense
An action that is happening now.
I am playing badminton now.

Perfect Present Tense
An action that has happened at an
unspecified time
I have played badminton.

Perfect Continous Present
Tense

An action that has started in the
past and is continuing.
I have been playing badminton all
morning.

50

EXERCISE 1

A. Circle the present simple tense and
underline for present continuous
tense.

1.I go to school everyday.
2.She is sleeping right now.
3.On Mondays, I watch television.
4.Look! He is reading a book.
5.She is running in the park now.
6.We are going on a trip today.

51

B. Complete the sentences with
these words.

never every day
Listen! at the moment
usually

1. She ____ reads a book.

2. They are singing ____

3.Jason ____ doesn't play

tennis.

4. ____ they are talking.

5. I play tennis ____

52

THE_M___E 3 :

ANIMALS

53

RSEKAIDLILNSG

LESSON 1:
LET'S SAVE THE

ANIMALS!

54

NOTES

Skimming

To get a general overview of the text.
Rapid eye movement reading up the keywords
and redundancy to infer the general idea.
Not applicable for fictions.
Read important parts of the text.

The first and The first and last sentences

last paragraph The title of every paragraph

scanning

To find specific point.
Rapid eye movement reading up every lines to
find specific point.
For example, finding names or dates or who
did what.

TIPS

Search for keywords from questions.
Improve vocabulary and background
knowledge.

Break up text into smaller sections. 55

ACTIVITY 1

Read the passage below and answer the questions

that follow.

One of the most notable arguments refers to a high level
of biodiversity. The word “biodiversity” means the diversity of
biological species. If the biodiversity is in order, it indicates that the
environment does not need any interventions. However, the
destroyed balance in the diversity of biological species means that
some animals are endangered and therefore need to be preserved.
All this means that if a species is removed from the ecosystem,
whether it's a plant or predator, this can entirely destroy the whole
environmental system.

Furthermore, endangered species are also an indicator
of the state of human health. For instance, after certain species like
the Bald Eagle have become extinct, the environmental dangers
associated with their extinction have resulted in harmful effects on
the human health. When something goes wrong in the ecosystem, it
also affects the humans in this way or another, which means that
endangered species give an important warning to the humanity.

Another aspect related to animal extinction is that many
species that have become extinct are considered a kind of cultural
symbol. An example of such symbols is elephant ivory that has
caused a real epidemic in terms of poaching. The same refers to tiger
pelts that have long been considered a valuable symbol across the
world. This argument leads to an assumption that the preservation of
endangered species is in many ways similar to the restoration of
destroyed cathedrals or other iconic buildings that have a symbolic
meaning for the humanity.

Taken from LiveCustomWriting.com

56

QUESTIONS

Based on the excerpt above, answer these
comprehension questions.

1.Explain the term 'biodiversity' in your own words.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

2. In your opinion, what are three possible
interventions caused by human or nature?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

3. Provide the best word to replace the word
'indicator'.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

4. In what way the human health related to the
extinction of animals?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

5. What caused elephant ivory and tiger pelts to
extinct?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

57

S PSEKAI LKLI SN G

LESSON 2:
KNOWING ANIMALS

BETTER

58

NOTES

choosing a topic

Stick with familiar topic or if it's not, do some
research on it first.

preparing the speech

Write down main points on a small paper to
help recall points during the speech.
Present in front of your peers and ask them
for feedbacks.
Prepare stimulus such as pictures, charts, or
maps if necessary.

during the speech

Make eye contact with the audience to
maintain rapport.
Speak politely and avoide using informal
language or slang.

TIPS

Use proper intonations to avoid flat

and boring speech.

Emit fillers like ah and um to make

your speech more neat.

Proper your stance or gestures. 59

ACTIVITY 1

Activity: Chain Story

Topic : Frantic News About My Pet

Task Description:

1.Students get in a group of 5 and sit in a

circle.

2.Decide the first student to start.

3.The first student will say one sentence

regarding the topic. It could be in a form of

news telling or like telling story to a friend.

4.The next student will continue the sentence

that has continuity to the previous

sentence.

5. It is up to the students how the storyline

will be.

6. Students can repeat turns in order to finish

the story.

7.If it gets dragged or lengthy, teachers can

tell them when to stop or set rules such as

do twice turns only.

8.During the activity, students are required to

incorporate prompt words given below.

adorable groomer shed catnip

allergic leash treats flea

bark purr wag pooper scooper
canine teeth stroke
whiskers veterinarian 60

ACTIVITY 2

Activity: Review
Topic : Animal Character From Cartoons or Books.
Task Description:

1.Students are given time a week before class to
choose an animal character and print or draw
or bring the book to show to their peers during
their review session.

2. During class, each students will take turn to do
a 5 minute presentation and review the animal
character in terms of its name, characteristic,
comparing it with the real animal.

3.End the review with reasons students like or
dislike about the animal character.

61

WSRKIITLILNSG

LESSON 3 :
ANIMAL'S LIVES ARE

IMPORTANT TOO!

62

NOTES

directed writing

Report, letters, processess and procedures,
articles, talks and speeches.
Know the format beforehand.
Read the instructions carefully. Are you asked
for a point or multiple points?
Set the tone for the intended audience. Is it a
friend or the principal?

Continuous writing

Descriptive, argumentative, reflective, factual,
narrative, proverbs or saying.
Usually asked to describe a person, a place or
an event.
Words used should be clear and vivid.

TIPS

Extend explanations using Wh-Questions.

Write in paragraphs for proper structure.

Use linking words to connect idea for

continuity.

Consider these steps before writing:

Brainstorming-->Planning-->Writing

-->Editing-->Rewriting 63

ACTIVITY 1

Activity: Writing A Formal Letter
Topic : Raising Awareness On Animal Abuse
Question:
You realized the stray cats around the school
compound are being abused by irresponsible
students and what's more concerning is nobody is
speaking about it. You decide to write to the
school's principal on conducting a campaign to stop
the horrible act. In your letter, give three reasons
why or how your campaign is going to help the
issue.

Task Description:
1. Determine the format to use.
2.Students will be given 5-10 minutes to
brainstorm.
3.Use the notes from brainstorming session to
write a rough outline within 10 minutes.
4.Student can start writing within 30 minutes.

64

ACTIVITY 2

Activity: Writing A Procedure Essay
Topic : A Day Out With Your Pet
Question:
You have been asked to get some information
about preparing a day out with your pet. Write the
procedure using the notes below.

Pet Essentials
pet carrier bag - airway
- breathable
pet's toy and bedding -
bored
leash - lost

Food & Drinks
treats
water
travel bowls

Healthcare
pet first aid kit
towel
travel throw or blanket
waste bags/litter box

65

ACTIVITY 3

Activity: Writing An Argumentative Essay
Topic : Growing Up With Pets
Question:
All children should keep a pet. How far do you
agree?
Fill in the mind map below before proceeding with
your essay.

Pros

Cons

66

L I SS KT EI LNLISN G

LESSON 4 :
THE NATURE OF WILD

ANIMALS

67

ACTIVITY 1

Activity: Dive Into The Song
Topic : Recognizing Verbs

Instructions :
1.Get into a pair. Both students bring out a piece
of paper and a pen.
2.Listen to the song carefully.
3.Write down all verbs students can catch from
the song.
4.Exchange your list with your pair and write
down your list onto your pair's list. If there is a
same verb, no need to re-write.
5.Teacher give a complete list of verb from the
song for students to check and compare with
their lists.
6.Listen to the song again and see which verb
you failed to hear during the first listen.

thiLs isstoenng!to

68

ACTIVITY 2

Activity: Note That!
Topic : Elephants 101

Instructions :
1.Get into a group of 4. Each group will be given
a mahjong paper and colourful marker pens.
2.All groups will listen to an audio explaining
about elephants.
3.Students can decide between themselves how
to listen to the audio strategically to make sure
they gather maximum information from the
audio. For example, divide group members to
listen to the first, middle, and last part of the
audio.
4.From what they have gathered, students are
required to make a mind map or infographics
and present their work at the end of the
session.

thiLsisatuedn itoo!

69

ACTIVITY 3

Activity: Answering Questions Based on Audio
Topic : A Day At The Zoo
Instructions :

1.Students will given a question sheet each.
2.Students will listen to the audio twice.
3.Answer the questions given based on findings

from the audio.

Ltishtiesnatuodio!

70

QUESTIONS

Based on the audio above, answer these questions.

A. Determine if these statements are True or False.

1. All animals are wild ________

2. Animals live in homes and cages ________

3. Wild animals lives in jungles ________

4. Lion is a beast ________

5. Bears differs in three colours. ________

1. Give 3 descriptions of an elephant.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

2. Where kangaroos can be found?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

3. Lions, elephants, giraffe or bears
____________________________ in Malaysia.

5. Some wild animals that can be seen casually are
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

71

GRAMMAR :

FUTURE
TENSE

72

NOTES

simple future tense

To explain a time later than now.
Expresses facts or certainty with NO attitude
involved.
To predict future events (e.g It will rain)
To express spontaneous decision (e.g I will jump)
To show willingness (e.g I will cook for you)
To show unwillingness (e.g He won't listen!)
Interoggation(e.g Shall we leave?/Will you come?)

future continuous tense

Refers to an action that is in progress at a time

later than now.

Simple future 'to be' + present participle

(will be) + (sleeping)

If add 'still', it suggested that it is currently

happening and will continue to be in progress in

the future.

(e.g In two years, I will still be in the same course

as you)

Often used with a time expression

73

NOTES

future perfect tense

Completed action in the future

Often used with a time expression

Simple future 'to have' + past participle

(will have) + (arrived)

Imagine we are some time in Future Time B, we

are looking back at an finished action in Future

Time A.

E.g The party starts at 9pm. Jake loves party so I

am sure Jake will have arrived by 8pm.

future perfect continuous

The same as future perfect tense but the action is
in progress.
Often used with a time expression
Simple future 'to be' + present participle

(will have been) + (playing)
Imagine we are some time in Future Time B, we
are looking back at a progressing action in Future
Time A.
E.g The movie starts at 6pm so it will have been
playing if we arrive at 6:30pm.

74

ACTIVITY 1

A. Fill in the blank with the correct simple future tense.

1. They__________(drive) to New York tomorrow
morning.
2. I hope the weather__________(be) nice.
3. I offered him this job. I think he__________(take) it.
4. I promise I__________not tell) your secret to anyone.
5. Take your umbrella with you. It__________(rain).
6. They__________(play) cards this evening.
7. I__________(go) to the cinema tomorrow.
8. They__________(fly) to Seattle next summer holidays.

B. Fill in the blank with the correct future
continuous tense.

1. This time tomorrow, they_______________.(travel)
2. I_______________(play)golf this afternoon. I have to
study English.
3. I'm sure it_______________(rain)when we arrive.
4. I've lost my mum! Don't worry.
She_______________(look) for bargains.
5. ____the baby_______________(sleep)again?
6. My family_______________(wait)for me at the station.
7. What ____you______________(do)tomorrow
morning?
8. Where are the children? Perhaps they
______________(watch)TV.

75

ACTIVITY 2

C. Fill in the blank with the correct future perfect tense

1. When you arrive I probably__________ the job. (start)

2. They__________dinner by the time we get there. (have)

3. A few centuries from now wars, I hope,__________a

thing of the past. (become)

4. In a year's time he__________to some more serious sort

of job. (take)

5. You__________a lot of your work by the end of this

month. (do)

6. By November all the leaves__________. (fall)

7. If he doesn't hurry, they__________before he comes.

(leave)

8. I am sure that tomorrow you__________all these rules.

(forget)

D. Fill in the blank with the correct future perfect

continuous tense.

1.By the end of the week I (work)__________ here for

four months.

2.By the end of this month we (live) __________ together

for six years.

3.By the end of the term she (study) __________ for nine

years.

4.By midnight we (play) __________ this computer game

for 48 hours.

5.She (talk) __________ on the phone for the last couple

of hours.

6.They (look for) __________ me all night long. 76
7.He (play) __________ soccer all day long.
8.You (watch) __________ TV all the time.

THEME 4:

NATURE

77

READING SKILL:

SAVE THE

OCEAN

78

NOTES

MAKING INFERENCES :

- Form opinions from the text.

- Use clues from the text, prior knowledge,
personal beliefs, experiences and assumptions.

-An inference must be a logically derived
statement from the available information.

Examples:

1.Amira hears sound of her father's car outside when
the last time she saw her father was before he
went to work.

Inference : Amira's father has arrived from work.

2. Daniel ate the bagel and made a disgusted face.
Inference : The bagel tasted awful.

3. Sara sees blue marker stains on the wall and her
daughter is holding a blue marker.
Inference : Sara's daughter has stained the wall.

79

DRAWING CONCLUSION:

- Conclusion is made by readers after reading the
text thoroughly until the end.

- Use facts and supporting details that are
presented by the author.

-Go beyond the literal meaning of the text but at
the same time rely on the facts.

Examples:

1.Budi and Ilham have been playing at the
playground for an hour. It was a humid and hot
afternoon. Sweat was trickling down their faces.
When they went home, Budi had to carry Ilham on
his back because Ilham became too tired.

What can you conclude about Ilham?
Conclusion: Ilham is a young child.

80

ACTIVITY 1

Read the poster and answer questions below.

Adapted from: https://twitter.com/sooceans2020/status/1306193446579761154

Answer all questions:

1.Tick (/) ALL possible inference/s regarding the poster.

-Humans are the big party in destroying the ocean.

- Working alone helps the ocean to recover faster.

- Social media holds a powerful influence to raise more 81
awareness.

2. Is water important? Why?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

3. List THREE (3) marine dumping pollutants that
you know.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

4. Plastic waste comes big from the________ industry.

a. Aerospace and design
b. Marine and Aquaculture
c. Food Packaging
d. Consumer Product

5. Except for Beach Cleans-up, suggest TWO (2)
preservation steps that can be done to help preserve
the good quality of the ocean.

_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

6. " Without water any one of us will be subject to variables
that will cause challenge and struggle to live a healthy life."

Draw ONE (1) conclusion of a human's life condition
without the presence of water.

82________________________________________________________

SPEAKING SKILL:

Understanding
3R

83

NOTES

- AVOID ONE-WORD - USE CORRECT EXPRESSION MAKES
ANSWER YOUR OPINIONS MORE CONVINCING

1. so-so 1.In my opinion...
2. okay 2.I assert that...
3. same 3.I hold the impression that...
4. sure 4.As far as I am concerned...

EXPRESSING OPINIONS
IN CONVERSATION

MORE SUGGESTION

just for you

- Use this when someone is
asking for your opinion in a
conversation that IS
less familiar to you.

1.I do not know...but
2.I have never thought about that... but
3.It was interesting...

84

ACTIVITY 1

ASKING ABOUT EXPERIENCE
AND OPINION

TASK: 85
1.Get in pairs.

2. By referring to the images
above, spark a dialogue among
you two.

3.Share your experience
regarding the activities shown
and actively ask your friends
about it.

4.Express your opinions on
how the activities can bring
more goodness to nature. Or is
it not?

ACTIVITY 2

BRAINSTORMING AND GROUP
PRESENTATION

TASK:
1.Students are divided into four groups
respectively.

2.Each group will have to discuss a topic given
related to the lesson: Understanding 3R.

3.Present your findings to the class.

4. Ask your friends anything about their topic AND
feel free to express your opinions.

Topic 1:

How to Reduce Topic 2:

Waste? How to Reuse Waste?

Topic 3:

How to Recycle Topic 4:

Waste? Applying 3R in daily life

helps to cure nature. How?

86

ACTIVITY 3

STORYTELLING

TASK:
1.Students are to stay in the same group.

2.Using the facts that are found and
presented earlier, create a story about it.

3.Your story must be about thedaily
routine of human beings and how they
practice the 3R. Create your story to send
awareness to anyone who will be
listening.

4. Every group members must participate
to give ideas and opinions so your story
will come out terrific. Share your group
story to the class!

Let's watch
this example!

87

LISTENING SKILL:

NATURAL
DISASTERS

88

NOTES

VOCABULARY FOR NATURAL
DISASTERS

"Weather" is not the same as "Climate"

Weather = the occurrence of
nature everyday.
(e.g. : sunny, cloudy, raining)

Climate = changing pattern in weather usually
we talk about a year.
( rainy, hot, humid)

- Flood - Mudslide
- Drought - Volcanic Eruption
- Earthquake
- Tsunami - Avalanche
- Cyclone

- Hurricane - Heat wave
- Typhoon - Blizzard
-Tornado -Squall
-Monsoon
- Storm (ice, sand,
thunder, hail, rain)

89

ACTIVITY 1

TOPIC: FLOOD VERSUS LANDSLIDE
Listen to the recordings and match the descriptions to the
correct natural disaster.

LANDSLIDE Downhill movement of rock,
FLOOD debris and soil.

More trees will help to solve the
issue

A dry area or land suddenly gets
submerged underwater.

Induced by heavy rainfall,
earthquake, volcanic activity and

mining.

Sea water can be carried by strong
winds and hurricanes onto dry
coastal lands which causes.

Flash, Rapid Onset, Slow Onset and
Storm Surge.

90

ACTIVITY 2

TOPIC: COMBATING GLOBAL WARMING
Listen to the recordings carefully. Right after, list all ten (10)
ways on how to help reduce global warming with one (1)
example for each.

10 ways to
reduce

Global Warming

91

ACTIVITY 3

TOPIC: SURVIVING NATURAL DISASTERS

Listen to the audio and answer all the following questions.
1.Where is the most suitable place to hide during a
hurricane?
_________________________________________

2.It is also advisable to get under a solid piece of
furniture during a hurricane. Why?
_________________________________________

3.A must-have device during hurricane is______
a. Weather thermometer
b. Weather announcer
c. Weather radio
d. Classic radio

4.Why is the item on question 3 considered
important? Give ONE (1) reason.
__________________________________________

92

5. Actions to be taken if a hurricane starts while you
are driving. Mark (T) for TRUE statement and ( F) for
false statement.

- Find a building to shelter. []
- Stopping at an overpass. []
- Leave the vehicle []

6. Name three (3) examples of places to avoid during
a tornado.
________________________________________

7. Gigantic ocean waves caused by earthquakes and
underwater landslides are called _______________.

8. Tsunamis often arise in__________________.

9. _______________ is the most frequent natural
disaster that happened compared to any other
natural disasters.

10. What to do if floods happen in your area? Tick

( ) the correct answer/s.

-Move to safer and higher grounds. [ ]

-Bring important papers in a []

waterproof container. [ ] 93
-Swim across the flash flood.

11. If there is no other way, then you would have to
swim in the flood just to move to a safer place.
What is the safest way to do it?
________________________________________

12. Moving to the ___________when an avalanche
starts is a good move because there is more
__________ in the ___________of the flow.

13. How to not sink down the snow during an
avalanche?

a. Chop down a tree and stand by it.
b. Find a tree.
c. Find a tree and sit beside it.
d. Find a sturdy tree and climb it.

14. What is the MOST important thing to do if you
are in a wildfire area?

a. Be able to breathe.
b. Be able to run.
c. Be able to talk.
d. Be able to sleep.

15. How can you do so?
_______________________________________

94

16. The best place to stay during a wildfire is
described as _____________ and ___________ .

17. Give areason why it is important to keep the
door (houses, buildings) unlocked?
________________________________________

18. States where earthquakes take place the most.

a. Alaska, California, Nebraska.
b. California, Nevada, Alaska
c. Nevada, Alana, California
d. Caliph, Nevada, Allasca

19. According to experts, during an earthquake,
please do as follows:

1. Firstly, ___________________________
2. Secondly, ________________________
3. Lastly, ___________________________

95

wsrkitiilnl g

ISSUES AROUND
NATURE

96

QuicktipsonhowNtoOwriTte:ES

1. persuasive essay

1.Choose a position you are passionate about.
2.Do the research for both sides.
3.Determine the thesis statement.
4.Write an outline.
5.Write the essay with integrity and empathy.

2. Factual essay

1.Select a topic that you are most interested in.
2.Prepare the thesis statement.
3.Do the research and find the most convincing points.
4.Write and outline.
5.Start writing when all the components are complete.

3. Summary

1.Read the text, as in :
- Scan the text quickly to get a sense of the topic.
- Read carefully, highlight the main points.
- Skim the text again to confirm you have understood
the main points and other supporting details as well.

2. Break the text down into sections to make it more
manageable.
3. Identify key points from each section.
4. Form sentences from the key points obtained.

975. Use suitable conjunctions to connect the sentences.

ACTIVITY 1

TOPIC: ALTERNATIVES TO PLASTIC: A WIN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

FACTUAL ESSAY

It is well informed that plastic waste has been a very
significant factor to the declining quality of the
environment. USA Today reported that different kinds
of plastic take between 400 and 1000 years to
degrade. In response to that, many parties have come
out with sustainable products that are changing the
world one piece of plastic at a time.

Write an essay about the alternatives to plastic and
how it is beneficial to the environment.

98

ACTIVITY 2

TOPIC: MAN-MADE WASTE

PERSUASIVE ESSAY

Man-made waste is causing hundreds of thousands of
people to die each year. The United Nation reported
that a quarter of all premature deaths and diseases
worldwide are due to man-made pollution and
environmental damage. However, the waste is
resourced from many industries that are considered
crucial to living in today's world and they are leading
in most sectors. Are humans currently trading our one
element of life quality just for another element?
Therefore, is man- made waste avoidable?

Man-made waste is not avoidable. Write a persuasive
essay on the topic and prove your side of the case.

99