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Sequoia

In celebration of our first 20 years in business

SEQUOIA: HOW OUR CLIENTS HAVE SHAPED US 20 years ago…

Sequoia was born in Steve’s dining room…

…in a house similar and close to Harry Potter’s Uncle Vernon…

...in (fictional) Privet Drive.

We thought we were helping to shape our clients
– but the real magic was…

SEQUOIA: HOW OUR CLIENTS HAVE SHAPED US

…our clients were actually shaping us!

The Sequoia Partnership
Berwyn House 2 – 4 High Street
Chalfont St Peter Buckinghamshire

SL9 9QA
Tel 01753 891400 Fax 01753 891600

Dear Reader,

Back in 1992…
• There were ashtrays on the tables in restaurants
• We navigated using large printed sheets of paper folded in complex ways
• Our television was a huge glass tube in the corner of the room
• Our computer was a huge glass tube dominating our desk
• If you wanted to buy a book you went to a bookshop
• If you wanted to buy a DVD - you were out of luck, they hadn’t been invented
• If you wanted to speak to somebody while out and about you had to find a phone box
• You could fly from Europe to the USA in 3 hours
• You could argue for hours with your friends in the pub about which animal has the largest eyes

– and never find out the answer (it’s the Giant Squid by the way)
• and Sequoia was born…

1992 was a time of optimism and change – more change than we could possibly have imagined.
The 1992 Summer Olympics held in Barcelona illustrate this well:
• South Africa was allowed to compete for the first time since 1960 as the long shadow of

apartheid finally began to recede
• Following reunification, Germany competed as a single country
• There was no USSR or Russian team. The Soviet Republics competed as the ‘Unified Team’ and

topped the medal table
• The Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania had their own teams
• For the first time Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina competed as independent nations

after separation from Socialist Yugoslavia
• Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was banned due to UN sanctions, but individual Yugoslav

athletes were allowed to take part as ‘Independent Olympic Participants’

But, beyond this obvious and visible political turbulence, unknown to and unseen by most of us - the
world of geeks and acronyms was about to revolutionise the world in ways that we could not imagine:
• A team of engineers meeting at Fraunhofer IIS had ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993[5] approved. This is a

standard for compression and transmission of digital audio files – better known as MP3
• The European Telecommunications Standards Institute finalised the standards for second

generation digital cellular networks for mobile communication, under the title Groupe Special
Mobile – or GSM. This included the standard for sending short text messages between mobile
devices known, appropriately, as the Short Message Service – or SMS
• A completely unknown engineer at a largely unknown research organisation worked on a project
to help researchers share documents globally using Dynatext – a generalised text markup
language. Tim Berners Lee of CERN called his project W3 – or World Wide Web.

Twenty years later most people on the planet rely on MP3, SMS and WWW.

In celebration of our first 20 years in business - this is the story of those two remarkable decades in
words and pictures.

Claire Johnson Helen Ritchie Sarah Sheppard

Sam Shortt

Francesca Rooney

Steve Wall Matt Rushton

Geoff Pritchard David Bosomworth

Erika Biggadike Alex Openshaw

Founded in 12 members
Steve’s dining
Nelson German First American First
Mandela Reunification room Lady to run for
public office
freed complete Sequoia
2000
South Africa
holds first
democratic
elections

Rwandan Good Friday
refugees start to Agreement

1992 return home

1990

1994

1991 1993 1996 1998

1995 2001

1999

Gulf War Oslo 1997
ends Accords
Soviet Union
dissolves

15 members Final China joins
fighting in the WTO
In 1992 the European Union consisted of 12 member states,
US $6.1 trillion GDP and 346 million people. Serbia/ EU Landfill
Croatia war Directive to drive
Waste Recycling
Sovereignty of
Hong Kong

handed to the
People’s Republic

of China

Now the European Union has 27 member states,
US $12.6 trillion GDP and 502 million people.

Euro currency 25 members Russian joins WTO
launched in 12 after 18 years of
negotiation
countries
Ellen Johnson £500 billion Aung San Suu
2002 Sirleaf becomes bank bailout Ky released
announced in from house
2003 first elected arrest
female head of UK
state in Africa

2004 2012
2005
2006 2010
2011
2008

Chernobyl Iraq war 2007 2009
Nuclear Plant begins

ceases Tunisian Libyan flag
operation protests replaced above
herald the
Angela Merkel Arab Spring UN Office in
becomes first Geneva
female German NATO expands
US $40 billion to 28 members
Chancellor owed by 18
Highly Indebted
Poor Countries is Obama
written off sworn in

27 members

A False Dawn on European Integration?

Interest Rates on 10-year Government Bonds

26.9%

24.5% Introduction Period of perceived integration Lehman
of Euro Bankruptcy
7.2%
1993 Greece Portugal Ireland Spain Italy France Germany 1.3%
2012

The End of Boom & Bust?

Global Cycle Synchronisation

“Under this Gordon Brown: 14000
Government, Britain 12000
will not return to the Pre-Budget 10000
boom and bust of the Report 8000
6000
past” 9th November 4000
1999 2000
0
The Birth of 2012
Sequoia

1992

1983 FTSE Rebased Dax Rebased DowJ Rebased

Chinese labour wages are low compared Imports and Exports increased by over
with other developed countries 2,000% from 1992 to present day

But China’s GDP per
capita is still far behind…

USA

Average hourly wage per hour

USA

This has contributed to lifting ~ 625 China China In 2008, China overtook the USA in car
million Chinese citizens out of poverty 1992 2010 production
18E6 cars
70
1990 4E6 cars

1993 China Rising

1996 2008 But much more to come
1999
2002

2005

0
GDP
(million USD)

London Big Bang 2005

Deregulation of Financial Markets £5,526bn

$1,210bn

762 $2,703m
50

1986 360

161 0

£2,495bn 46,170

To cope with the growing size and
complexity of our clients...

SEQUOIA: HOW OUR CLIENTS HAVE SHAPED US STRUCTURE

Following Unilever’s
acquisition of Bestfoods in 2000,
we were tasked with determining the
optimal supply chain infrastructure for

the newly created company.

With no ‘off-the-shelf’ optimisation
tools able to cope with the scale &

complexity of the problem, we
decided to build our own ‘industrial’
strength optimisation tool – which

identified savings of €40m
per year.

...we began building
own optimisation too

Google Earth Images © 2015 DigiGlobe

...with enough horsepower to manage SEQUOIA: HOW OUR CLIENTS HAVE SHAPED US

the biggest of projects.

As our distribution
strategies have grown in size &
complexity, so has the challenge
to communicate them effectively.

Frustrated by the lack of quality
mapping software available to visualise

large geographic areas, we built our
own software to use Google Earth to

communicate the new strategy.

The optimal infrastructure
saved €14m.

BUILDING SUPPLY
CHAIN CAPABILITY

our
ols...

Ageing Populations

Europe

1992 2010

746 m 769 m

Africa 2010

1992

671 m 1026 m Key Wor

Female (blue) 1992

Age 0 100+ years 5.5 bn

Male (red)
Total population

Asia

1992 2010

3.3 bn 4.2 bn
2010
Japan

1992

rld 126 m 134 m

2010

7 bn

Living Longer, Retiring Earlier

fallen increasedPensionable ages have
while longevity has

doublingLeading to a of retirement life span in the OECD

With an ageing population global pension

90 Retirement age and life expectancy, men, years

80

70 Effective retirement age
Official retirement age
Life expectancy

60

50 Austria
France
Belgium
Spain
Italy
Germany
Finland
Netherlands
Canada
Australia
Ireland
Greece
Norway
UK
Poland
Switzerland
USA
Denmark
Sweden
Hungary
Portugal
Japan

1970
2010

Increasing Pension Pots

7The top markets 28hold trillion dollars doublein pensions funds – 10 years ago

growingassets are $27,510 bn

one thirdThis is of global GDP. Australia
Switzerland
Netherlands
Canada

U.K

Japan

$14,812 bn

USA

2001 Pension Funds 2011

Debt Crisis or Savings Glut 3 60%
But debt, as a
90 percentage of
assets, remains
flat at circa

50%

Trillions of USD 1 2
With Insurance As is well known,
and other funds, sovereign debt
global assets under has also grown –
management (savings) the so called debt
have exceeded GDP – crisis – and is now
approaching 40
at almost 80
Assets trillion USD trillion USD

Debt

15 0%
2000
2010

Keep Borrowing to Stay in Office?

Overall , the median
age of people across

the world is rising

Later n The average amount of years
retirement? that people live after

y retirement in developed
countries has risen from 9 in

1970 to 19 today

Smaller n A correspondingly larger
pensions? amount of money has to be
put into pension schemes to
y
insure an income after
retirement

y Gamble n Pension funds like to hold a
Pension? significant proportion of

government bonds – as they
are considered low risk

Lose election and Governments sell more
find another job bonds – and Sovereign

debt rises

One Size No Longer Fits All 3.75
i
Energy Diversification
In real terms, there’s a
“The stone age did not end because the world ran out of Don Huberts downward trend…
stones, and the oil age will not end because we run out of oil” Shell, 1999
1918

Continued Petrol Price Increases? 3.6

0.25 Nominal Annual 2012

1918

1981 3.50 M. King Hubbert “The biggest source of energy on this earth, now or ever, is solar. This technology
Iran-Iraq War exists right now. So if we just convert the technology and research and facilities of
1988 the oil and gas industries, the chemical industry and the electrical power industry --
we could do it tomorrow. All we've got to do is throw our weight into it.”
Originator of
Peak Oil hypothesis

Does this hint at
peak oil?

…until recently

2012

30.8

Expensive alternatives will
become cheaper in the future

29.5

20.5

20.8 The cheapest future alternative

13.3 15.3 Cost of Energy by Source
13.8
10.5 11.5 11.3 (Pence/kWh)
8.8 9.8 10 10.8 2011
7.3 8
Onshore
wind
Offshore
wind
Solar PV
Tidal Stream
Wave
Nuclear
Gas CS
Coal CS
Gas
7 6.8 2040

SEQUOIA: HOW OUR CLIENTS HAVE SHAPED US Unilever challenged How much Given the
Cost per Unit us to reduce changeover stock shall I supply constraints for
costs without incurring pre-build for Evian water, Danone (who
excessive obsolescence costs on the season ? knew of our skills for maths
short shelf-life aseptic soup with letters) asked us to look at
production. We cracked how to the effect of their high seasonal
include obsolescence in the classic peak on forecasting and stock
EBQ/EOQ calculation – and requirements. The resulting
identified €700k p.a. of savings model visualised and quantified
by moving to fixed cycle the risks and uncertainties
of their strategic stock
scheduling.
builds.
PROCESSES
“Don’t expect APO to work well on
Cycle Length (Days) day one … you really have to learn
how to optimise with it, when to
“Sequoia helped us identify a 12.5% fiddle with it and when to leave it
reduction in our Supply chain costs –
alone, when it is giving you the
just by thinking about it ” good answers and when it isn’t .”
Supply Chain Manager, Nestle.
Global Supply Chain Director,
Danone Waters.

weeks

Applying a
rigorous approach to
something Nestle had done
by intuition we identified over
€750k p.a. savings by optimising
their line loading across multiple
sites into a smooth repeatable
pattern – not a bad return on
a “quick question” they
sneaked in during a

major project.

VolumeCapacity Demand Who knows ?
CostActual sales stock… but we can tell you the
Week no. value that your forecasting Cost of lost sales
SEQUOIA: HOW OUR CLIENTS HAVE SHAPED USprocess is adding. We have
integrated our unique metric Cost of stock
into Unilever’s planning Service Level
process - where it is used to
identify opportunities for BUILDING SUPPLY
CHAIN CAPABILITY
improving the
forecast.

“If we implement SAP & simply
configure it to run how we operate

today, nothing will improve.”
Supply Chain Director, Nestle.

Replenishment Forecasting Make
Quantities or Sequence

Frequency

Nestle asked us S&OP S&OP S&OP S&OP
to challenge existing,
experience based operating Run Schedul Stock
practices – we provided Strategy e
precision optimised targets that
reflect the reality of each SKU’s Approac
characteristics by location - the
only relevant metric against
which to benchmark stock

and service levels.

At Least 2°C of Global Warming is Inevitable

Rio Earth Summit, 20 Years On

“Negotiations have “Staying within the
been very difficult 450ppm threshold is
unbelievably difficult.”
and very slow
because of all these Sir Bob Watson-2008
conflicting interests.” Former head of the IPCC

Limit to prevent >2 °C of warming UN Secretary General Ban Ki
450 PPM Moon- 2012

“Today we Rio+20 Summit
have agreed to hold
to present levels the
pollution we are guilty of.”

UN Secretary General
Boutros Boutros-Ghali

1992 Rio Summit

Limit to prevent any warming
350 PPM

1960 Forecast 2050

Economic Development is an Imperative 225
USA
Increased Emissions Unavoidable?
1. Economic development is the key factor in
100% poverty alleviation, lifting developed countries out
of poverty long ago – but this prosperity came at
India the price of significant CO2 emissions.

2. With billions of people poised to emulate Japan
the living standards of their richer
counterparts, future increases in CO2
emissions seem inevitable.

China
% of population on less than $2 per day
Carbon debt per living person (metric tons)
Korea

China Japan USA
India
GDP/capita 0
0% 50000
0

Waste – A Thriving Industry

Consumer food wastage (kg/year)120 North America
Europe

Latin America North Africa
S.E Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

0 40
0 % of income spent on food

“Each year in the European Union alone we throw away 3 billion tonnes of waste…

amounting to about 6 tonnes for every man, woman and child.”
European Commission

Incinerated Recycled/composted (& other) Landfilled

100%

0%

Bigger Boats – Smaller World

International Trade

1990’s

4,500 TEUs

1970’s

1,750 TEUs

2000’s

1980’s

1950’s 4,000 TEUs

800 TEUs

1950

2006+

20 12,750 TEUs

London double 40
decker bus

6,500 TEUs

World Manufacturing Trade Volume

Note: TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) = Standard-size container 2010

Imports into EU-27 grew by over 250%

1992 2012

Google Earth Images © 2015 DigiGlobe

Rise of Eastern Europe New Retail Space in Europe

Eastern Europe trade 10

($ current billion) 2011 Million sq.m Eastern Europe
2012
490
470

Western Europe

0
1990

Productivity of Eastern Europe as a percentage of Western Europe

70

1992 Current € per hour worked

150
110

30 2011
1995

EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS

SEQUOIA: HOW OUR CLIENTS HAVE SHAPED US Seeing Sequoia’s “I wasn’t convinced
analysis deliver valid results, that this approach would work –
clients became keen to get
but now I can see the results, it really does!”
their hands our models.
Initially these included our Excel Sandoz Forecast Manager
stock functions; ultimately a full
blown Safety Stock model was Further innovations
requested. Incorporating input over the years have resulted
templates, data sanitisation and in the deployment of Sequoia

graphics, we had to ensure tools globally.
this was not only robust
but also intuitive A Forecast Value Add (COV)TM
to use. appraisal tool, used as the catalyst to

TOOLS prove the benefits of statistical
forecasting, has been implemented
throughout Sandoz, leading directly
to improved forecasting KPIs and

increased time for planners to
focus on the more
complex SKUs.

After honing “The Sequoia team have consistently demonstrated SEQUHOIOA:WHOOUWR COLIUERNCTLISEHNATVSEHSAHVAEPSEHDAUPSED US
our web-design skills a clear understanding of our needs and tailored training
during the co-development and support materials to our precise requirements.
of an online procurement portal, The delivery consistently hit the mark for the participants
Sequoia embarked on applying that with Sequoia’s passion for the subject matter really
knowledge to our Supply Chain showing through”

solutions. Global Supply Chain VP at Pepsico

Delegates on our training courses BUILDING SUPPLY
benefit enormously from the insights CHAIN CAPABILITY

that “playing with the variables” Now we
brings enabling them to visualise have gone a step
further having designed,
the complexities and trade developed, created, trained and
-offs of Supply Chain implemented our pioneering web-
design. enabled Stock Management

application.
Sequoia is now supporting clients
to fully realise the return on their

ERP investments. Our tools
facilitate setting appropriate

parameters and assessing
opportunities for
improvement.

“The first component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind”

Norman Borlaug, Nobel Peace Laureate & Agronomist

Food Consumption

3600

1960s Food consumption Energy requirement
(kcal per capita per day)
Borlaug develops
more efficient

strains of wheat,
leading to the

Green Revolution

2000

1199664 1987 2012 22003300 The world provides enough
2,700 k
1968 Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980
1974
As a result of 65% of the world's population live in countries India becomes
Borlaug's help, where obesity kills more people than hunger self-sufficient in
Pakistan becomes
self-supporting in 1.5 billion people worldwide are obese all cereals

wheat

1972 1996

The USA and China UN World Food
agree to work together Summit – world
to help China feed its leaders agree to halve
the number of
people. It is now the undernourished
world’s second largest people by 2015

food producer Global Undernourishment

1050

Millions of people 2008

Droughts and rising oil
prices lead to a global
food price crisis. This
leads to a historic peak

in world hunger in
2009

h food for everyone to have 700 2010
cal/day 1970

925 million people go to bed hungry every night

In the Horn of Africa where 10 million people are at
risk of starvation, food is available in the markets

It is just too expensive for many people to buy

Inequality Within Countries 0% 0 20 40

60 40 20 Jordan underweight

overweight Turkey

Mexico

South Africa

Egypt

Bolivia

Guatemala

Peru

Colombia

D. Republic

Morocco

Brazil

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyz Republic

Zimbabwe

Uzbekistan

Namibia

Cameroon

Nigeria

Ghana

Senegal

Kenya

Tanzania

Cote d’Ivoire

Malawi

Zambia

Niger

China

Uganda

India

Benin

Haiti

Mali

Burkina Faso

C. African Republic

Madagascar

The Impact of Political Instability?

80% DR Congo After a decade of civil war, hunger
in DR Congo grows from 29% to
Worse
75% of the population.

Burundi

% Malnutrition in 2006 Zambia Angola Ethiopia

Liberia Chad
Tanzania Mozambique
DR Korea

Gambia Armenia
Botswana Congo

Myanmar Nicaragua

Swaziland Georgia Economic reforms and growth allow
Uzbekistan malnutrition in Georgia to drop

Azerbaijan from 47% to 12% of the population.

Ghana

0% Better
0%
80%

% Malnutrition in 1992

The next generation of children in developing countries will... Life expectancy at birth

% school enrolment 65.9

82 90 62.3

1990 2010

1999 2010

Infant mortality per 1000 births % of children
underweight
97
29
63
18

1990 2010 1990 2010

Children orphaned through AIDS per year

1200000 1.4

Children orphaned

% Incidence of HIV infection
15-49 year olds

0 0
1990 2010

Achieving the Millennium Development Goals

“These results represent a tremendous reduction in human suffering and are a clear
validation of the approach embodied in the MDGs. But, they are not a reason to relax.
Achieving the MDGs by 2015 is challenging but possible.”

United Nations, 2012

Broadband Subscribers per 100 Inhabitants Increasing bandwidth and processor power reinforce eac

Greece Core i7 950
Slovakia
Czech Republic Intel 486
Ireland
Hungary 2003 1991 20
Australia 2011 45
Portugal
Spain 30
Austria
Finland
Switzerland
Sweden
Netherlands
Iceland
Korea
Canada
Denmark
Belgium
Japan
USA
Norway
OECD Average
Germany
UK
Italy
Luxembourg
New Zealand
Poland
Mexico
Turkey

0 15

ch other… 2012 1981 ...leading to a tenfold increase in download speeds in ten years…
1,000,000,000
50 1992
100,000,000
10,000,000
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
10
1

“In the future, computers will mutate beyond recognition.
Computers won't be intimidating, wire-festooned, high-rise bit-
factories swallowing your entire desk. They will tuck under your

arm, into your valise, into your kid's backpack.”
0 William Gibson, 1993

012

...allowing media streaming, content sharing and improved communication.

The Internet Generation “In the future I expect the commercial sector to target little children with their full enorm

THERE IS ABOUT 1.6BN TIMES MORE
INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET THAN IN THE

WORLD’S LARGEST LIBRARY

“In my own best-case scenario, every elementary and high school teacher in the United States of America will have unlimited and absolutely cost-free professional access to long-distan
softw

mous range of online demographic databases and privacy-shattering customer-service profiles.”
William Gibson, 1993

nce telephone service... By the same token, every teacher in every American public school will be provided, by the manufacturer, on demand, and at no cost, with copies of any piece of
ware.”

William Gibson, 1993

SEQUOIA: HOW OUR CLIENTS HAVE SHAPED US To make the “Humorous and Along the w
stock model useable for energy-creating” we used actors to
Unilever we were asked to improve our own deli
support the European roll-out. learning experience for
We used Excel interactive demos to to inject more energy in
explain the theory and embed the Over 1,200 delegate
experienced sessions co
process. technical expertise w
engaging team-working
This proved to be the real catalyst for Gone the hours of long
our training services. Despite the replaced with game
demonstrations - eve
terrifying mathematical intricacies of poetry and mime … d
Safety Stock calculations, the training the creativity (and

was well received and no-one of our deleg
actually fell asleep during
the sessions!

TRAINING

STATISTICIANS The next request “Brilliant peo
was to help “planners win
“Your demos and exercises arguments with marketing”

are just brilliant” (as our client put it).
We developed this into our mantra –

Supply Chain Managers should be
Statisticians : confident in the face
of uncertainty; Economists: optimising
conflicting drivers; and Diplomats:

communicating and facilitating
compromises up and down
the chain.

ECONOMISTS

DIPLOMATS

way “Completely enlightening – SEQUOIA: HOW OUR CLIENTS HAVE SHAPED US
o help us
very style; the so much ‘clicked’ into place”
r delegates and
nto our sessions.
es have now
ombining deep
with a hugely
g development.
g presentations;
es, physical
en sometimes
depending on
d bravery)
ates!

ople” A recent challenge BUILDING SUPPLY CHAIN CAPABILITY
was the complete opposite of our
initial training, seeing us deliver Supply “The whole event was conducted in a very enjoyable style”

Chain training without using
PowerPoint! As usual we pushed the
technical boundaries, this time building
an interactive forecasting game based
on Kinect technology which was used
alongside some entertaining physical

activities to demonstrate Supply
Chain dynamics.

The Mobile 2. 2000: can developing 4.
Revolution
countries ever catch up?
1.. 20 years ago, USA were
By the end of the millennium this lead had
the landline capital grown, with some 68 fixed line subscribers per
100 people.
In 1992 North America was the
undisputed telephone capital of the Due to the sheer scale of the resource
world with 55 phone lines per 100 requirements many felt that other, less
people. developed countries, had no chance of ever
approaching this level of connectivity.
55.9
We have estimated that the US infrastructure:

- Required 57 million tonnes of copper in the
wiring

- This is equivalent to 32 years of entire global
output of copper

68.2 - In todays terms it Martin Cooper with the Motorola DynaTac
would be valued at
over $450 billion
dollars

3. Infrastructure barriers hinder
100
As predicted it was impossible for developing
43.9 India) to approach anything like the level of
USA has enjoyed…

10.7 9.4

1.0 SA 0.7 China Argentina USA Germany SA India 0
1991
China Argentina USA Germany India

90

Mobile technology introduced 5. Mobile technology overcomes infrastructure hurdles…

In April 1973, Martin Cooper of Motorola made the first cell … using mobile technology India has exceeded the peak fixed line connectivity that the USA
phone call using a “portable” handset. achieved, and is on its way towards parity.

Prior to this mobile-phone calls were possible. But you 100 - This has required
needed thousands of dollars worth of equipment weighing 0.02% of the copper
about 15kg and a special aerial attached to your car. in the US fixed line
infrastructure
At Motorola, Martin Cooper and designer Rudy Krolopp
designed the "shoe" phone or the DynaTAC (for DYNamic 0 - India now has
Adaptive Total Area Coverage). This ‘portable’ unit: 1991 2.5 times the
2010 number of
• Was around 23 cm long phones in
• Weighed over 1 kg the USA
• Achieved a 35 minute call… but
• Only after a 10 hour recharge. USA F.L USA M.P India M.P India F.L

It started a revolution. 6. …and usage takes off

connectivity Since the millennium mobile connectivity has exploded in
countries that never got off the ground with fixed line
countries (in this example subscriptions…
fixed line connectivity that the

Ghana India
Indonesia Iraq
Kenya Nigeria
Pakistan Syria
Uzbekistan Iran (I.R.)

with profound consequences… 0

USA F.L USA M.P India F.L 2010 2000 2010

Consequences Business

Finance African business is dominated by traders – who will move around and offer cash
for farm produce or fish catches. Until recently the traders had the negotiation
At the turn of the millennium Kenya’s economy was cash based power of knowledge – unavailable to producers in the absence of a
and largely free of bank accounts – with all the frustrations and communications infrastructure.
risks that this entails.
Now using Zain and a mobile text messaging service, producers can get
Today it is leading the global mobile money revolution
live price information from local markets
$10– with over billion
– and know what the traders gross margin will be.

of transfers taking place annually.

A fisherman can sell his catch on landing – and have the money So armed, it is not unusual for producers to
loaded onto his phone. Then he can spend it in shops, send it to
relatives or buy goods from remote vendors. Photo credit: Sarah Bartlett, ©Esoko

Photo credit: Yousef Eldin double their returns

The West is on catch up. – providing much needed opportunities

to invest in agriculture and fishing industries.

Health Politics

In Mayange, south of Kigali there were only 5-10 patients a day at the 12,000 people watched live, online protest footage beamed from Cairo

Health Centre in 2006, where nurses and pharmaceuticals were rarely TV blackoutby mobile phone during an official . In every protest
available.
shot you see – mobile phones are everywhere, recording and streaming
With improved communication has events to a global audience.
come improved confidence in the
centre. In Tahir Square protestors set up an
improvised charging station for this
150Consultations have grown to a
vital communications
day after the initiation of an Access lifeline.

Oppressive regimes are losing
the communications war,

as tech savvy protestors circumvent
their best efforts to control news
from their countries.

project.

Photo credit: Alisdare Hickson

Health workers can call up health records Photo credit: Johnathan Rashad

and get medical advice over This is changing the political dynamic before our very eyes.

mobile phones.

Photo credit: D-Tree International

The number of births at the centre is increasing dramatically – and

outcomes are improving for mothers and babies.