Chemical Test In Organic Chemistry

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Chemical ☆

• Test

in Organic Chemistry.

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- Kharolnena E Wong -

- KM✓

Name of test Questions related

Bromine in CH₂Cl₂ 2013/2014,4d,pg11 2017/2018,2f 2019/2020,4b
Bromine water
Baeyer’s test 2015/2016,9c,pg12 2016/2017,10d,pg13 2017/2018,2f
2019/2020,4b
Lucas test
2011/2012,1c pg16 2012/2013,2ab,pg20 2013/2014,7c,pg12
Brady’s test 2016/2017,6d,pg22
Fehling’s test
Tollen’s test 2012/2013,2c,pg23 2015/2016,5a,pg24
Iodoform Test
Hinsberg’s test 2014/2015,4c,pg24 2018/2019,9b 2020/2021,8b
Nitrous acid test
2018/2019,9a 2020/2021,8b

2011/2012,pg27 2012/2013,pg27 2019/2020,10b

2011/2012,pg27 2012/2013,pg27 2018/2019,10b

Name of test : Bromine in CH₂Cl₂ Positive towards :

Reagent. : Br₂ , CH₂Cl₂ Alkane

Condition. : UV Alkyl benzene

HH É É µH -
E EH - '
- H- Bra .CH-42g -
H- + HBR
UV
It 1, It '

Br

observation : reddish brown colour turn colourless .

it Bra / Cltsclz , ÉBr - it + HBV
w -
H -C- H A
☒
in

④

observation : reddish brown colour turn colourless

Name of test : Bromine water Positive

Reagent. : Br₂ in water - alkene

Condition. : Room temperature - phenol
- aniline

• µ

A1k⑦ 411-3443
CH3CH3
B"' "" >
É=ÉCH} - H- qCH C} -- - H

"

OH BV

Observation : reddish brown colour decolonize
.

↑" °" Observation :
Br '
Br, , Huo > Br White precipitate

formed

Br

,NH2 Br ↑# Observation :
Bra , Huo > por
White precipitate
A
formed

Br

Name of test : Baeyer’s test DB alkene only

Reagent. : KMnO₄, OH- •

Condition. : Room temperature

CC' H3fH3 _ fH3 Gt3
CH}- dCH} c-
C= - H KMNO 4) OH - H-

, 101T "

room temp OH

1- Mn 02

Observation : purple colour de colonised.

Brown precipitate is formed Cmnoz)

nine Purple colour
my remain unchanged
deÉÉpurple colour

Mnoz 1-

MM Take not that this is not oxidation reaction

(oxidation most involved heat )

Name of test : Lucas test To differentiate

Reagent. : HCl, ZnCl₂ the classes of

alcohols
.

Dk alcohol only

10 Hclitn " no observable change

CHzCHzOH >

observation : solution does not turn cloudy even after

10 minutes and heated.

2° pH [fl

CH} - C - CH} HCl/ 7h42 > CH} - C - CH}

It It

MtbfObservation : solution after 5 minutes
_

30 fits HCl / Zncl 2 g fH3
gCH } - - CH 3
CH} - C - CH 3
OH "
OH

observation :_tWtoudyimmediatelyMg

Name of test : Brady’s test To detect the

Reagent. : 2,4-DNPH presence of carbonyl
compounds and to
differentiate carbonyl

from other non- carbonyl

É -1¥ ¥r - É=µ É- no, No ,
- it + it - - → r- -
. 1- H2O
.

( aldehyde)

0 %R
É É ¥r r it-
- + - - - no, → E-r- µ- No ,

. . t H2O

(ketone)

É it- NO 2
É ¥it- é=µ-Ñ_-- no, H
- + - - → No .
-

.

( benzaldehyde) t H2O

!is÷ serration : orange precipitate formed ÷
: :: ' : -

Name of test : Fehling test To differentiate

Reagent. : Cu2+(complex), OH- aldehyde from

ketones
.

☒ only aliphatic

• aldehyde

0 §Cu" complex> '
◦¥
ÉCH}- µ- > c. Hz- - t Cvz0↓ t H2O

O-

(aldehyde)

.ir:&:b ration : brick-red precipitate produced Cuzco

-

&- It Cite complex> , 0¥ no observable change
>
µ_

[benzaldehyde )

ÉCH}- - CH} C-.v24 comp7lex] , OH- no observable change

( ketone]

Observation : no brick-red precipitate produced .

Name of test : Tollen’s test To differentiate

Reagent. : Ag(NH₃)₂⁺, OH- aldehyde from

ketones
.

É § Ag↓AGCNH 3)
CH} - C - H - - t + NH} + H2O
( aldehyde]
- OH > c. Hz- O-

Observation : silver mirror (Ag ) is formed

'

0 A9CNH3)É y-
/ OH >
É- H- C O- tAg↓- + NH3 + H2O
-

[benzaldehyde )

CH} - - CH} AgCNH3)É - , no observable change
,
( ketone] OH

formedObservation : no silver mirror

Name of test : Iodoform Test To detect the

Reagent. : I₂ in NaOH presence of
methyl cavbinol

&

methyl carbonyl

pH 0
- CH}
GR - 11

H R - C - CH 3

methyl Carbin01 methyl carbonyl

OH %R -

d-R - CH } 12in NaOH - - Nat + CHI, 1- Nat + H2O
>
: o

&R CH-- } 12in NaOH %R - - Nat + CHI, 1- Nat + H2O
>
- o

observation : yellow precipitate CCHI])

formed

EXCHI} = triiodo methane



Name of test : Hinsberg’s Test

Reagent.
Step 1 : with benzenesulphonyl chloride
Step 2 : With excess KOH
Step 3 : With excess HCl

H HO

' - It 1- Cl - S §iv.> r - -

µR - . ,

10 amine white precipitate

R % HO

R- H- t Cl - > R - IN &

£ -

2° amine ¥' '

white precipitate

" 0

HR - R- ¥t Cl - S > no reaction

( dear solution]

2° amine

= white precipitate = clear solution

To differentiate

10,20 and 30 amine

↑0 HO
it
&r-.N - *" > §MR-
excess > -
KOH ,.
.

clear solution white precipitate

excess > white precipitate HCl y white precipitate
KOH
Cno change) (no change)

/R +

no reaction HCl , R- ' - Rei

excess > ( clear solution) N
KOH
,

H

clear solution

( 3° amine react with HCl )

Name of test : Nitrous acid test

Reagent : NaNO2, HCl

Condition : 0ᵒC − 5ᵒC

it Na N°4 Hcl g É=É
HCHAat}-
H- 0° - 5°C H-
-
(alkene

observation : bubble gas produced .

it ☒Na N°21 HCl y

N H-- 0° - 5°C -

<.

observation : bubble gas produced onl

To differentiate :

• 10 aliphatic and aromatic amine
• 20 aliphatic and aromatic amine

• 30 aliphatic and aromatic amine

É - It + CH,CH >OH + CHIAKI + Nzcg)

e) (alcohol) (chloro alkane) ( bubble gas )

noetic

- NEN :c/ / 1°amineMy

aromatic

ly when heated
.

Name of test : Nitrous acid test

Reagent : NaNO2, HCl

Condition : 0ᵒC − 5ᵒC

CH} Na N°2 / Hcl g
HCHACH}-
H- 0° - 5°C CH }CHz -
- " "" "

Observation : yellow oil is produced

R

IN A-- NANA , Hcl g ☒-

<. 00 _ 5°C ( yellow

observation : yellow oil is produced

?⃝

To differentiate :

• 10 aliphatic and aromatic amine
• 20 aliphatic and aromatic amine

• 30 aliphatic and aromatic amine

CH 3 ._

N'- - N=0

"Éy"""in
R
- -

w oil ) ( aromatic

Name of test : Nitrous acid test

Reagent : NaNO2, HCl

Condition : 0ᵒC − 5ᵒC

R
R [ INR-

IV.R - NANA , HCl , -

R- 0° - 5°C

It

Observation : clear solution

R 1-

1 NANA / HCl > ON -
N R-
- 0° -5°C

./

Observation : green solid is produc

To differentiate :

• 10 aliphatic and aromatic amine
• 20 aliphatic and aromatic amine

• 30 aliphatic and aromatic amine

t

.u

- a-

<R a"Éᵗh
- R-

ced

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