The integrated nature of the SDG targets means that progress towards one target is
also linked through complex feedbacks to other targets, placing demands on data
collection and integration, good baselining and clear action planning to support
more coherent and effective prioritisation and decision making.
Throughout processes explained in previous chapters, Shah Alam’s prioritised SDG
targets are as follows:
SDG 1 No Poverty
1.1 Eradicating extreme poverty everywhere
1.2 Reduce 50% of people living in poverty
1.3 Social protection measures for all
1.4 Equal rights to basic services
1.5 Reduce vulnerability to disasters
SDG11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
11.1 Access to adequate housing and slum upgrade
11.2 Safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems
11.3 Capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable planning
11.4 World’s cultural and natural heritage
11.5 DDecrease direct economic losses relative to global goals
11.6 Air quality and municipal and other waste management
11.7 Inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces
11.b Urban inclusion and disaster management
SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production
12.1 Implement 10-Year framework of programmes on sustainable
consumption and production patterns
12.3 Halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels
12.4 Achieve environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes
throughout their life cycle
12.5 Substantially reduce waste generation through reduction, recycling and reuse
12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt
sustainable practices
12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable
12.8 Ensure people everywhere have relevant information and awareness for
sustainable development
SDG 13 Climate Action
13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards
13.2 Integrate climate change measures into policies, strategies and planning
13.3 Improve education, awareness, and human and institutional capacity on
climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
SDG 15 Life on Land
15.1 Conserve and restore terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
15.2 End deforestation and restore degraded forests
15.3 End desertification and restore degraded land
15.4 Ensure conservation of mountain ecosystems
15.5 Protect biodiversity and natural habitats
15.9 Integrated ecosystem and biodiversity in governmental planning
51
SDG 1
No Poverty
In 2020, Malaysia revised the national poverty line income (PLI) from
RM980 to RM2,208, which means that over 400,000 households in the
country with monthly incomes below this level were considered poor in
2019.
Based on this new PLI, the country’s poverty rate in 2019 was at 5.6%
(405,441 households), compared to 0.4% (24,700 households) in 2016.
Since 1970 until 2019, Malaysia’s incidence of absolute poverty has seen
significant drop from 49.3% in 1970 to 5.6% in 2019.
Looking at the country’s incidence of absolute poverty by states,
Selangor is also seeing decrease of poverty incidences. In 2016, the
Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey revealed that the overall
poverty rate for Selangor fell from 0.2% in 2014 to 0% in 2016. Based on
a survey conducted in 2019, Selangor’s average PLI is at RM 2,022 a
month per household.
Poverty in Selangor is being effectively eradicated and the rural-urban
income gap is being decisively overcome. The median income of rural
households showed a dramatic improvement with an annual growth
rate of 12.3%, while urban households grew at a rate of 6.9% per annum.
For the state as a whole, the median income in Selangor grew by 7.5%
per annum from RM6,214 in 2014 to RM7,225 in 2016.
Shah Alam is Selangor’s fastest growing economic centre. In 2019, the
city is host for approximately 74.2% labour forces from its total
population (497,062 person of out of 669,895), and the number is
growing ever since.
Nevertheless, Shah Alam is continuously monitoring its poverty
incidence to ensure extreme poverty is eradicated, and that its citizens
will always have equal rights to basic services that are safe, affordable,
accessible and sustainable.
52
Information snapshots
1.1 Eradicating extreme poverty everywhere 1.1 Eradicating extreme poverty everywhere
1.2 Reduce 50% of people living in poverty 1.2 Reduce 50% of people living in poverty
HOUSEHOLD LIVING UNDER UNEMPLOYMENT IN SELANGOR
THE POVERTY LINE, 2015 - 2018 BY GENDER, 2016 - 2018
2500 2135 Male Female
2000
1500 1929 100,000 52,200
1000 80,000 55,100
60,000
500 40,000 53,300
20,000 44,800
54,400
45,300
2015 2016 394 545 2016 2017 2018
2017 2018
Source: MURNInets, 2018. Source: DOSM, 2018.
1.3 Social protection measures for all 1.3 Social protection measures for all
1.4 Equal rights to basic services
ASNAF AND POOR POPULATION
IN PETALING DISTRICT, 2009 - 2015 AFFORDABLE HOUSING
IN SELANGOR, 2017 - 2019
8000 7248 4000
7000 3500
6000 6885 3000 3842 Planning
5000 2500 approval
4000 5155 2000 obtained
3000 2478 Completed
2000 4585 1500 2405
1000 1000 294 2020
3089 500 1108 1922
2115 911
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2017 2018
Source: DOSM, 2018. Source: MURNInets, 2020.
1.4 Equal rights to basic services 1.3 Social protection measures for all
1.5 Reduce vulnerability to environmental disasters
HOUSES RECEIVING
SEWERAGE SERVICES, 2016 - 2020 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
PROGRAMMES IMPLEMENTED, 2017 - 2020
170,000 10 9 10
165,000 8
8
160,000 156,515
155,000 158,136 164,566 6
150,000 2020
145,000 45
2016 2
148,130
2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: MURNInets, 2020. Source: Selangor Disaster Management Unit, 2020
53
SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme The highest number of B40 households in urban
poverty for all people areas for Selangor is Petaling district, about 5,649
everywhere, currently people. Despite the rapid urbanization process, Shah
measured as people living Alam urban poverty issue continues to increase.
on less than $1.25 a day. Shah Alam which based on Petaling district data is
at 1.1% for Incidence of absolute poverty (DOSM,
1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by 2020). This means over 6,000 people with monthly
half the proportion of men, incomes below the above mentioned level are living
women and children of all in poverty in 2019. However Shah Alam
ages living in poverty in all demonstrated a decrease number of household
its dimensions according to living under the poverty line in 2015 to 2018.
national definitions.
As of 2018, there are 99,700 unemployed persons in
Selangor of which 54,400 is male and 45,300 are
female. There are no available sources to indicate
the labour force for Shah Alam.
1.3 Implement nationally Number of Asnaf* and urban poor in Petaling
appropriate social district has been increasing from 2,478 people in
protection systems and 2009 to 7,248 people in 2015.
measures for all, including
floors, and by 2030 achieve There are many agencies championing for the
substantial coverage of the Asnafs, however Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) is a
poor and the vulnerable. dedicated agency under Majlis Agama Islam
Selangor (MAIS) in handling issues related to Asnaf
and poor, through collaborative programmes with
other agencies by providing shelter and training to
develop skills.
*Asnaf refers to Muslim beneficiaries eligible to
receive Zakat (alms) collected.
*Zakat is a form of almsgiving in Islam given to
eligible beneficiaries
*Mualaf - a person who is newly converted to the
religion of Islam
54
Initiatives Moving ahead
Programmes Policies
1. The Door2Door Doctor (D2DD) provides service to 1. Promoting the Development of
transport patients to receive free medical treatment. Integrated New and Quality
Housing.
2. About RM287,00 worth of financial assistance were
given to 7 Asnaf and Poor families in the form of 2. Proposed provision of
low-cost apartment homes from Perbadanan Kemajuan affordable housing in TOD areas,
Negeri Selangor (PKNS) together with Lembaga Zakat focal points, public facilities and
Selangor (LZS). public transport areas.
Programmes In order to reduce the number of
1. Program Selangor Kerjaya 2021 (Selangor Career people living in poverty, job
Program) provides 10,000 job opportunities matching opportunities must be given to the
with the applicants technical force through profiling, needs to support their daily
upskilling and job placement within 3 years time. This expenses and families.
programme has already offered 2,000 job
opportunities to fresh graduates, vocational students 55
and high school students.
2. Jelajah Selangor Bekerja 2020 offered 18,267 job
opportunities to Selangor citizens.
3. Selangor Mega Job Fair 2020, a joint collaboration
with Selangor State Government, Jawatankuasa Tetap
Pembangunan Generasi Muda dan Sukan, and
Pembangunan Modal Insan Negeri provides 5,000 job
opportunities by 60 employers.
Since March 2020, RM232.2 million has been channeled
via Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) an agency under
Majlis Agama Islam Selangor (MAIS) to individuals,
families, students, frontliners and hospitals, including
57 thousand poor families and 7,000 Asnaf Muallafs.
Programmes
1. Pusat Latihan Asnaf Selangor, a training center by
Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) for the purpose of
improving the quality of life of the Asnaf by providing
financial knowledge and training.
2. Baitul Salam by Lembaga Zakat Selangor is a
temporary shelter for the asnaf muallaf (converted
asnaf) for people who are in need of temporary
financial support, and also provides vocational training
to the Asnaf.
3. Bait al-Mawaddah by Lembaga Zakat Selangor is a
elderly shelter that provides protection, supervision,
SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men Outside Shah Alam’s city centre and townships lie
and women, in particular the large, unplanned areas and small lot developments
poor and the vulnerable, with a lack of basic urban service provisions and
have equal rights to employment opportunities coupled with heightened
economic resources, as well exposure to environmental risks such as flooding.
as access to basic services,
ownership and control over
land and other forms of
property, inheritance, natural
resources, appropriate new
technology and financial
services, including
microfinance.
1.5 By 2030, build the resilience Flood is one of the natural disasters in Shah Alam
of the poor and those in especially on a particular site such as at Section 13,
vulnerable situations and Shah Alam. Other vulnerable flood locations are
reduce their exposure and Section 9, Section 15 and Section 32. In 2015, about
vulnerability to climate- 315 households were exposed with the risk of flood
related extreme events and threat in their housing areas.
other economic, social and
environmental shocks and
disasters.
56
Initiatives Moving ahead
rehabilitation and effective self-development for the Upgrade infrastructures and road
elderly. access to link areas to integrate
with public facilities and services.
4. Bait al-Hasanah by Lembaga Zakat Selangor to help Proposed provision of affordable
the children of Asnaf succeed in education by housing in Transit Oriented
providing an atmosphere conducive for learning Development (TOD) areas, focal
points, public facilities and
5. Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional transport areas.
(PTPTN) joint collaboration with Lembaga Zakat
Selangor (LZS) for Zakat distribution under Kasihku Strategies
Zakat Selangor Programme to the Asnaf in Selangor. Controlled development for
RM 95,500 were given in the form of Skim Simpanan Environmentally Sensitive Areas
Pendidikan Nasional (SSPN-i) account to 500 asnaf (KSAS):
children (RM 50,000) with RM 100 each. and RM 46, 1. Provision of 50m river reserve
500 to 155 students with an amount of RM 300 each. and 20m buffer zone for forest
area.
MBSA has introduced the online service called the 2. Implement Flood Mitigation
Electronic Public Services (ePS) to make it easier for plans.
customers and the public to do business more easily 3. Report of Flood Mitigation
without queuing at the counter. Masterplan for Sungai Damansara
Catchment.
Projects
1. Installed about 1,972 free wifi
2. 3,842 units of affordable housing
3. 164,566 of houses received sewerage services
4. Youth garage
Programmes
1. Free community vans
2. Young waste buskers
3. Eco free market
4. MPP programmes
5. Shah Alam LA21 programmes
Initiatives
1. RM 6 million to curb flood problems in Shah Alam by
the State Government and Shah Alam City Council
which involves construction of channels and upgrading
the drainage system in several drains to ensure
unobstruct flow to nearby rivers during unusually
heavy rains.
2. The State Government has allocated RM60 million
on the entire project carried out involving 3 agencies,
namely the Selangor State DID, the Selangor State
Public Works Department and the Shah Alam City
Council in 2014.
3. Smart Selangor Disaster Management Unit under the
Smart Selangor initiative by the state government.
57
SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
WHY IT Custodians and partners
MATTERS?
National
MBSA is always 1. Department of Statistics Malaysia
committed to help 2. Department of Social Welfare
create an enabling 3. Social Security Organisation
environment to 4. National Disaster Management Agency
generate productive 5. Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries
employment and 6. Economic Planning Unit
job opportunities for 7. Ministry of Finance Malaysia
the poor and the 8. Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional
marginalized.
Subnational
However, for those 1. Selangor State Department of Irrigation and Drainage
who has work, having 2. Selangor State Public Works Department
a job does not 3. Smart Selangor Delivery Unit
guarantee a decent 4. Smart Selangor Disaster Management Unit
living. In fact, 8% of 5. Lembaga Zakat Selangor
employed workers 6. Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor
and their families are
still within the B40 Local (MBSA)
strata. 1. Department of Community Development
2. Department of Planning
Active engagement 3. Department of Urban Transportation
in policymaking can 4. Department of Information Technology
make a difference in 5. Branch Offices
addressing poverty -
ensuring citizens’ Civil society/non-governmental organisations
rights are promoted 1. Yayasan Sejahtera
to support 2. Malaysian CSO-SDG Alliance
transformational
change in people’s Private sector
lives. 1. SSDU Innovations Sdn Bhd
Academia
1. Universiti Selangor
2. Universiti Teknologi MARA
58
Initiatives Moving ahead
4. Smart Selangor Command Centre that enables a 4. Master plan Study on Flood
more comprehensive, efficient and swift disaster Mitigation for Sungai Buloh Basin.
monitoring in relevant areas. It includes weather,
sea-level, air pollution index, flood, satellite and climate 5. Implementation of Flood
radar monitoring under the state government Mitigation Project for Sungai
initiatives. Subang.
5. Number of disaster risk implementation and
management initiatives have been increased from 8
initiatives in 2019 to 10 initiatives in 2020.
Top: MBSA’s policy initiative in licensing easement for small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. 59
Bottom: Smart Selangor Command Centre.
SDG 11
Sustainable Cities and Communities
Shah Alam sustainability agenda journey started in the year 2000 with
the Local Agenda 21. Since then, the city has consistently push forward
its agenda towards sustainability and sustainable development through
various initiatives, namely the Malaysian Urban Rural National Indicators
Network for Sustainable Development (MURNInets) pilot project in
2004; and the Shah Alam Safe City Programme since 2005.
These initiatives were followed with a full review of the Local Agenda 21
action plan in 2010; the Shah Alam Low Carbon City Framework in 2015;
the APEC Low-Carbon Model Town Project in 2017; the ASEAN SDG
Frontrunner Cities Programmes in 2018; prepared the SDG Roadmap in
2020; and the ongoing participation in the ASEAN Sustainable
Urbanisation Strategy programme since 2020.
The city of Shah Alam has always prioritise its governance and
development aims to provide equal infrastructure, facilities and basic
services inclusively. On top of that, the city always strive in providing
safe and resilient environment to its places and citizens through various
disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) initiatives through
good preparedness planning, resource management, trainings and
capacity building programmes, as well as investing in reducing risk to
the city.
Shah Alam has also been prioritising its green agenda via high impact
investments, spearheading green technologies to cut carbon footprint
of the city. MBSA’s initiative also includes education and awareness
programmes, all streamlined to reflect the city’s vision towards the
green city concept.
For its efforts in reducing carbon emissions, MBSA received a total of 16
diamond recognition and provisional certification awards at the Low
Carbon City 2030 Challenge (LCC2030C) in 2021. The commitment and
cooperation given by all non-governmental organisations, agencies and
MBSA’s strategic partners have made Shah Alam a local authority that
is always at the forefront and emulated by other councils.
60
Information snapshots
11.1 Access to adequate housing and slum upgrade 11.2 Safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable
transport systems
PROVISION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
AND TARGET SET BY STATE GOVERNMENT EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
TERMINALS IN SHAH ALAM
YEAR PROVISION TARGET Airport LRT3 Stations
2016 24,701 17,139 1. Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport 1. Glenmarie
2017 1,108 3,842 2. Kerjaya
2018 N/A N/A MRT Stations 3. Stadium Shah Alam
2019 N/A N/A 1. Sungai Buloh 4. Dato’ Menteri
2020 1,922 911 2. Kampung Selamat 5. UiTM Shah Alam
3. Kwasa Damansara 6. Seksyen 7 Shah Alam
4. Kwasa Sentral
KTM Stations
LRT2 Stations 1. Sungai Buloh
1. Glenmarie 2. Subang Jaya
2. Subang Jaya 3. Batu Tiga
3. Alam Megah 4. Shah Alam
4. Subang Alam 5. Padang Jawa
Source: MURNInets, 2020. Source: MURNInets, 2020.
11.6 Air quality and municipal and other waste management
11.7 Inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces
MBSA INITITATIVES FOR THE SHAH ALAM LOW CARBON CITY FRAMEWORK
Tree for Life Programme Urban Transport
130,847 trees x 1,000kg CO2 24km bicycle track
= 130,847,0000.00 kg CO2 x 6kg CO2 reduction
= 145 kg CO2 perday
Persekitaran Hijau Programme x 365 days
= 52,560kg CO2 per year
1 acre of 130,847 green spaces
(with tree) = 2,600kg CO2
= 330,200.00kg C02
Source: LCCF Framework and Assessment System – Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, 2011.
11.3 Capacity for participatory 11.5 Decrease direct economic losses
11.7 Inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces 11.b Urban inclusion and disaster management
SHAH ALAM GREEN BUDGET SHAH ALAM SMART AND SAFE
CITY FRAMEWORK
SUBNATIONAL LEVEL LOCAL LEVEL Info and data Integration Data Alert and
gathering platform analytics response system
Capacity Building MBSA
• CCTV • Smart City • Video analytics • Police
RM 120,000 RM 7,234,300 • Sensors Platform • Emergency response
• Social media • Real time analytics
(USD 28,000) (USD 1,700,000 ) • Access control • C4i ig data anal tics unit
2016 2016 • Data centre • Citizen alert
• Prescription
LCCF Programme MBSA
Network • High speed
RM 120,000 RM 9,480,785 ow latenc
(USD 28,000) (USD 2,200,000 ) • Reliable
2017 2017
• Secure
Source: MBSA, 2020. Source: Selangor Disaster Management Unit, 2020
61
SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
11.1 By 2030, ensure access for Outside Shah Alam’s city centre and townships lie
all to adequate, safe and large, unplanned areas and small lot developments
affordable housing and basic with a lack of basic urban service provisions and
services and upgrade slums. employment opportunities coupled with heightened
exposure to environmental risks such as flooding.
11.2 By 2030, provide access to For years, Shah Alam has faced challenges in public
safe, affordable, accessible transportation. Inefficient route design due to
and sustainable transport limited data-driven planning, and poor traffic
systems for all, improving management systems. The limitations of public
road safety, notably by transportation coverage is one of the main issues
expanding public transport, which causes constraints in mobility within Shah
with special attention to the Alam especially in residential areas such as Bukit
needs of those in vulnerable Jelutong, Denai Alam, and Subang. Existing public
situations, women, children, transportation stations that are readily available are
persons with disabilities and not good enough as they are fragmented and are
older persons. not interconnected.
62
Initiatives Moving ahead
In 2020 Shah Alam recorded surplus in supply for Efforts of providing adequate
affordable housing where a total of 1,922 affordable housing for all in Shah Alam is
houses were built which exceeded the amount 911 translated through the Selangor
units set by the State Government. state commitment to achieve
zero squatters policy set by the
State policy 11th Malaysia Plan in 2014.
1. Rumah Selangorku. A people-centric initiative by
the Lembaga Perumahan dan Hartanah Selangor Development of better quality
(LPHS) offering affordable quality homes within and affordable housing through
reach of citizens. provision of actions in their local
plans, which is to increase
Housing programmes affordable housing within Transit
1. Home rental programme for the disabled has been Oriented Development areas and
introduced. nearby employment centres.
2. Low-cost housing development catered for the
B40 household.
3. Offering council homes concept in Shah Alam.
4. Improve and redevelop the unplanned areas
(kampung areas) in Shah Alam.
Capacity building
1. Local Agenda 21 (Inisiatif Peduli Rakyat) which
focuses on building community capacities in doing
improvement to their home environment.
Smart Selangor Bus operates the public bus services Targets
for free within Shah Alam and RapidKL is the 1. Split mode share of public
intercity bus connecting to other nearby cities. transportation and private
vehicles of 40 : 60 by 2035.
Infrastructure Policies and Plans
1. Upgrading mobility supporting facilities such as
bus stands and terminals. 2. Strategies for Public Transport
proposals beyond 2035.
2. Preparation of Shah Alam bicycle track. First
phase of the track is 2km long and 10 feet wide with 3. Implementing Transit Oriented
Premix Finishing at Section 4 with high quality Development (TOD).
amenities.
3. Electric vehicles charger installation (EV Charge)
and has been installed at 10 locations in Shah Alam.
63
SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive Public participation has been important for urban
and sustainable urbanization sustainability and effective governance. Shah Alam
and capacity for has been a forefront in taking the public's
participatory, integrated and suggestions and conducting public participatory
sustainable human planning, from their annual budgeting, sectoral
settlement planning and studies, to their development planning.
management in all countries.
MBSA has established the Shah Alam Residents
Representative Council (MPP) which operates in 24
zones. This council provides a bridge between MBSA
and residents, as well as complaints, requests,
problems and residents’ wishes to MBSA. This
structure is to ensure a responsive and
representative bottom-up approach in Shah Alam.
11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect From the local perspective of Shah Alam, efforts
and safeguard the world’s towards safeguarding it’s cultural and natural
cultural and natural heritage. heritage is apparent through policies outlined in its
local planning document RTMBSA 2035, where it is
11.5 By 2030, significantly stated that all kampongs (villages) that have
reduce the number of heritage values are to be listed and preserved.
deaths and the number of
people affected and In addition, MBSA together with Setiausaha Kerajaan
substantially decrease the Negeri, Pejabat Tanah dan Daerah and Tourism
direct economic losses Selangor is committed to prepare a comprehensive
relative to global gross masterplan for developments of its kampongs as in
domestic product caused by one of their development themes in the local plan.
disasters, including
water-related disasters, with Furthermore, villages with heritage values within
a focus on protecting the Shah Alam will be studied in detail through a Special
poor and people in Area Plan that will ensure their preservation.
vulnerable situations.
Flood is one of the natural disasters in Shah Alam
especially on a particular site such as at Section 13,
Shah Alam. Other vulnerable flood locations are
Section 9, Section 15, Section 32.
64
Initiatives Moving ahead
1. Public outreach was done during any open day at Strategies
various locations in the city, townhall, workshop, 1. Shah Alam Residents
multiple social media and digital platforms. Representative Council (MPP).
2. Shah Alam Local Draft Plan
2. The new MBSA Local Draft Plan 2035 public 2030 public feedback.
feedback session is done online, in a bid to minimise
physical contact and interaction. The public can do this Community engagement
either by visiting rtmbsa2035.mbsa.gov.my or MBSA’s 1. Public engagement in
official page. preparation of local plans and
special area plans.
3. MBSA’s annual budgeting was also done with public
consultation and discussion before it was tabled to the Policies and plans
council. The residents focused on short, mid- term and Conserving traditional villages as
long-term plans. They placed emphasis on matters residential area:
such as infrastructure – from road and street to lights, 1. Encouraging forestation in
slope and drainage – to waste management, landscape controlling and managing the
and recreation, low-carbon city and community forest reserves in Shah Alam.
programmes, among others. 2. Introduce hierarchical parks
classification in Shah Alam to
Programmes and initiatives better manage these green
Providing crop sites and floriculture sales: areas.
1. Shah Alam Trees for Life which has been
implemented since 2010.
2. Green Pilot Program which is held in MBSA’S
nursery at Section 17, Taman Tasik Shah Alam and
Taman Lembah Bukit SUK.
Initiatives Strategies
1. RM 6 million to curb flood problems in Shah Alam 1. Controlling development
by the State Government and Shah Alam City Sensitive Area (KSAS).
Council involves the work of construction of
channels and upgrading the drainage system in 2. Provides 50 m reserve river
several drains so that it can flow directly to the river and 20 m buffer zone for
during unusually heavy rains. forested area.
2. The State Government has allocated RM60 million 3. Upgrade drainage systems.
on the entire project carried out involving 3
agencies, namely the Selangor State DID, the 4. Increase disaster risks
Selangor State Public Works Department and the reduction and management
Shah City Council in 2014. (DRRM) initiatives.
65
SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse There is only one station deployed to capture data
per capita environmental on the Air Quality Index for air quality monitoring in
impact of cities, including by Shah Alam. This prevents from obtaining more
paying special attention to in-depth data for sub-district levels where most of
air quality and municipal and the air pollution originates.
other waste management.
11.7 By 2030, provide universal MBSA has planned for their open spaces to be
access to safe, inclusive and categorized according to a standard hierarchy,
accessible, green and public which is in line with the Selangor state planning
spaces, in particular for guideline in RTMBSA 2035 following 2 hectares :
women and children, older 1,000 person in their commitment to provide
persons and persons with universal access to open spaces.
disabilities.
11.b By 2020, substantially Shah Alam's efforts for urban resilience can be seen
increase the number of cities through its commitment in reversing the adverse
and human settlements effects of climate change. However, resilience from
adopting and implementing the perspective of healthcare is often overlooked.
integrated policies and plans
towards inclusion, resource The local government response towards a pandemic
efficiency, mitigation and plays a vital role to ensure containment and
adaptation to climate minimize infection rate. Availability of data such as
change, resilience to number of cases for COVID-19, aedes, malaria, etc.
as well as the location of the persons infected is
important to control the spreading.
66
Initiatives Moving ahead
3. Smart Disaster Management under the Smart 5. Implementing Flood Mitigation
Selangor initiative by the state government. plan.
6. Report of Flood Mitigation
4. Smart Selangor Command Centre that enables a Masterplan for Sungai Damansara
more comprehensive, efficient and swift disaster Catchment.
monitoring in relevant areas. It includes weather, 7. Master plan Study on Flood
sea-level, air pollution index, flood, satellite and Mitigation for Sungai Buloh Basin.
climate radar monitoring under the state 8. Implementation of Flood
government initiatives. Mitigation Project for Sungai
Subang.
5. Number of disaster risk implementation and
management initiatives have been increased from 8 Policies and plans
initiatives in 2019 to 10 initiatives in 2020. 1. Integration and management
of integrated electricity
Programmes and initiatives resources to monitor air quality:
1. Recycling programmes with schools, MPP and • Developing water integrated
industrial players in Shah Alam. Through this treatment system.
programmes as much as 150 tons of recyclable • Enhancing telecommunication
materials were collected. system efficiency.
2. Sewerage treatment plants
Programmes and initiatives that are suitable for the local
1. Initiatives to greening the alley behind residential context of the areas.
areas which are a collaboration between MBSA and
local community. Policies and plans
Introduce hierarchical parks
Projects classification in Shah Alam to better
1. Laman Seni Shah Alam was established to provide manage these green areas:
a platform for the public to express their talent and 1. Upgrading and uplifting the
creativity through performances, exhibitions and landscape image of Shah Alam.
mural art. 2. Building more green infrastructure
especially in new urban areas.
State initiatives
1. Selangor Disaster Management Unit is an unit that Develop risk information system.
coordinating weather reports with departments /
agencies on potential disaster risk as well as reduce 67
the disaster impact.
2. SMART Selangor Command Centre was
established by the State Government which plays a
big role in gathering and managing data of disasters
in Selangor and trans-state boundaries. All data
SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
11.b disasters, and develop and Availability of data such as number of cases for
implement, in line with the COVID-19, aedes, malaria, etc. as well as the location
Sendai Framework for of the persons infected is important to control the
Disaster Risk Reduction spreading.
2015–2030, holistic disaster
risk management at all
levels.
WHY IT Custodians and partners
MATTERS?
National
Actions towards 1. Ministry of Housing and Local Government
achieveing a 2. Department of Statistics Malaysia
sustainable and 3. Economic Planning Unit
resilient city and 4. Ministry of Finance Malaysia
communities need to 5. National Disaster Management Agency
be further accelerated
by empowering local Subnational
governments 1. PLANMalaysia@Selangor
and community groups
to deliver against this Local (MBSA)
goal in an integrated 1. Department of Community Development
fashion across all SDGs 2. Department of Planning
and global 3. Department of Urban Transportation
sustainability agendas. 4. Department of Information Technology
5. Branch Offices
Holistic and inclusive
implementation of this Civil society/non-governmental organisations
goal, specifically its 1. Malaysia Institute of Planners
social dimensions, 2. Malaysia Institute of Architects
need to be further 3. MERCY Malaysia
strengthened 4. Rakan NADMA
through more targeted 5. Kebun Komuniti Shah Alam
commitments to
empower local Private sector
communities. 1. SSDU Innovations Sdn Bhd
Academia
1. Universiti Selangor
2. Universiti Teknologi MARA
68
Initiatives Moving ahead
acquired will be taken into account for further
action by the state government or National Disaster
Management Agency (NADMA).
3. An early disaster warning system by 2022 with the
completion of a joint study between the state
government and two universities, including one from
Japan.
Enforcement
1. Pasukan Tindakan Segera (PANTAS) was
established to handle emergencies and disasters in
Shah Alam. Emergency and disaster-related events
such as floods, landslides, collapse, storms, accidents
and fire.
City growth centres
City centre
• Seksyen 14
Main township
• Elmina
• Alam Impian
• Setia Alam
• Seksyen 13
• i-City
• Kwasa Damansara
Local township
• Kota Kemuning
• Bukit Jelutong
• Seksyen 27 Town Centre
• Seksyen 9
• Denai Alam
• Subang Bestari
• Bukit Rahman Putra
• Seksyen 32
• Seksyen 18
• Puncak Perdana
Shah Alam’s city growth centres as determined in the Shah Alam 2035 Draft Local Plan, MBSA, 2020.
69
SDG 12
Responsible Consumption
and Production
The increasing population of Shah Alam, which is projected to have a
2.5% growth rate (2018 v. 2035), is putting extra demand on its natural
resources, with production and consumption patterns are continuing to
accelerate in an unsustainable way. There is a pressing need to enhance
resource efficiency, recycling and sustainable production of resources
to limit the impact on the city’s environment and reduce waste.
To change unsustainable consumption and production patterns in Shah
Alam, planning and practical actions needs to be transdisciplinary,
actively involving stakeholders through co-creation processes, and
driven by good governance with strong political will. Learning from
small-scale community initiatives also provides concrete action learning
as a praxis in ensuring Shah Alam and its citizens adopt a more
sustainable urban consumption patterns and lifestyles.
Promoting environmentally sustainable consumption behavior is not an
easy task. In general, while momentum has picked up on some issues,
and broader stakeholder interest and participation can be seen
especially on community based programmes and those involving issues
of climate change and carbon emissions, greater effort is needed in
mainstreaming sustainable consumption behaviours, protecting nature,
and reducing foodwaste at the domestic level.
Commitments from corporations and industry players are increasing. It
is however important to have a solid framework and guideline that are
derived from the sustainable consumption and production (SCP)
policies, targets and indicators to ensure that these commitments are
delivered beyond the practice of greenwashing.
70
Information snapshots
12.1 Implement the 10-Year framework 12.3 Halve per capita global food waste at the
12.6 Encourage companies retail and consumer levels
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND MUNICIPALITIES’ WEEKLY
PRODUCTION PATTERNS FRAMEWORK FOOD WASTE COLLECTION
Waste Disposal MPSp
collection (Kuang landfield)
Waste Transfer station LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES MPS
Waste (SATS) MPK
Households
Waste Itinerant Note MPAJ
pickers waste buyers MRF: MPKj
Materials recovery facility MBSJ
Wholesale MRF Disposal Bulky/garden waste:
(middlemen) Scavengers (Jeram Furniture, tyres, oven, garden MBSA
sanitary) waste, etc. MBPJ
Recycling Domestic waste:
Landfill Ordinary day-to-day use waste
0 2k 4k 6k 8k 10k 12k 14k 16k
Solid waste FOOD WASTE (TONNES)
MANAGEMENT process
Solid waste
MINIMISATION process
Source: MBSA, 2019. Source: Ismail et al. 2020.
12.5 Substantially reduce waste generation through 12.6 Encourage companies
reduction, recycling and reuse 12.7 Promote sustainable procurement practices
RECYCLING IN SHAH ALAM, 2015 - 2019 SELANGOR GREEN TECHNOLOGY
ACTION PLAN, 2016-2018
Total Tonnage Recycling Tonnage
200,000 185,859.22 179,227.18 171,443.01 167,983.77 169,801.33
150,000 9,510.87 9,510.87 19,915.45 29,906.03
100,000 455.36
50,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Source: MURNInets, 2020.
12.8 Ensure people everywhere have relevant
information and awareness
AWARENESS PROGRAMS TO PROMOTE
UNDERSTANDING OF SUSTAINABILITY
1. MyHIJAU Mark www.selangor.gov.my/index.php/pages/view/1527
2. Green Procurement Source: Pelan Tindakan Teknologi Hijau Selangor.
3. Green Product Scoring System
4. Community Green Initiatives
5. Green initiatives for Kindergarten
6. Recycling campaigns by MBSA,
F&N Beverages, Marketing Sdn Bhd,
and Selangor Education Department
Source: MBSA, 2020.
71
SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and
production patterns
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
12.1 Implement the 10-Year Currently Shah Alam is using SP Shah Alam Transfer
Framework of Programmes Station to collect domestic waste from the city to be
on Sustainable Consumption disposed of at Bukit Tagar Sanitary Landfill, Jeram.
and Production Patterns, all The distance is about 60 km and takes around 45
countries taking action, with minutes to 1 hour by road to Shah Alam. A recent
developed countries taking study in 2018 demonstrated that waste generation
the lead, taking into account per capita is 0.43 kg/per capita/day which
the development and translated to 372,737.76kg for the entire Shah Alam
capabilities of developing (Ali et. al, 2018).
countries.
Shah Alam recycling target is 10 % increase of
recyclable solid waste generated per year (MBSA,
2016 a.) and 20% recycling rate by 2030 (LCCF,
2016) . However, there are no published documents
to date on the percentage of diversion of waste to
the landfill.
12.3 By 2030, halve per capita Current findings by Ismail et al.(2020) on Food
global food waste at the Waste Generation of 12 local authorities in Selangor
retail and consumer levels showed Shah Alam experienced a consistent high
and reduce food losses amount of food waste trend at 1595.60 tonnes
along production and supply before the Movement Control Order (MCO) on a
chains, including weekly basis.
post-harvest losses.
The study denoted Shah Alam had a consistently
gradual drop of food waste generation weekly since
implementation of MCO. This study suggested that
the effectiveness of its various initiatives towards
the green city Concept have led to steady food
waste reduction at a certain point (i.e. 30th of
March).
72
Initiatives Moving ahead
Policies Shah Alam City Council is
1. Development of Integrated Management and developing Shah Alam Solid
application of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3R) practices. Waste Master Plan 2019 – 2023
which will govern solid waste
2. Research proposal on incinerator as alternative management for Shah Alam
way to landfill waste disposal. within 5 years time.
3. Development of Sanitary landfill to be used by
several districts.
4. Proposal on fines to illegal dumping offenders.
5. Land reserve requirements for the proposed solid
waste management site (10 acres) in the north and
south.
Action plan
1. Shah Alam Strategic Plan 2016 – 2020.
2. 100% reduction of illegal dumping sites under
Shah Alam City Council Management.
3. 50% reduction of illegal dumping sites under other
agencies (JPS, JKR, private land).
Programme Statutory policies
1. Recycling used cooking oil programme: 1. Development of Integrated
• Implemented since 2009 for collecting used Solid Waste Management and
cooking oil for restaurants, canteens, food factories, application of Reduce, Reuse,
hotels and others. The bins capacity is 60 liters, 200 Recycle (3R) practices:
liters and 1,000 liters in the following locations: • Shah Alam on food waste
composting machine through
(1) Section 6 Recycling Center Mini Waste to Energy (WTE).
(2) Section 11 Recycling Center
(3) Section 17 Recycling Centre • Continue waste composting
(4) Section 25 Recycling Center method in Shah Alam by
(5) Section U8 Recycling Center increasing the amount of
Composting centres in Shah
2. LA21 Shah Alam. Alam area.
3. Kitchen Waste Recycling Campaign. Shah Alam Strategic Plan 2016 –
2020
4. implantation of compositing machine from 1. Implementation of zero waste
market waste. programme using composting
machine for 60% of wet market
5. achieve low carbon and green city education in and Council’s stalls.
the public sector, especially hawkers and traders.
73
SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and
production patterns
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
12.4 By 2020, achieve the 10.3% of developed land in Shah Alam is currently
environmentally sound assigned for Industrial use. As of 2018, total
management of chemicals industrial areas in Shah Alam is 7,942.07 hectares,
and all wastes throughout comprising iron and steel industry, machinery and
their life cycle, in accordance equipment (27.56%), chemical, rubber and plastics
with agreed international (15.99%), and timber and wood industry (11.44%).
frameworks, and
significantly reduce their Current issues:
release to air, water and soil 1. Unauthorized industrial activities
in order to minimize their 2. Empty/idle and lack of maintenance building lots
adverse impacts on human
health and the environment. The city started its segregation of waste at home
program on 1 October 2015. Waste generated was
12.5 By 2030, substantially highest in 2015 at 185,859.22 tonne/year, which then
reduce waste generation gradually decreased to 169,801.33 tonne/year in
through prevention, 2019.
reduction, recycling and
reuse. Correspondingly, there is also a growth trend of
recycling from 2015 to 2019 which started from
0.25% (455.36 tonne/year) to 17.61% (29,906.03
tonne/year) within 5 years. (MURNInets, 2015 –
2020).
There is no supporting data on the percentage of
waste diverted to the landfill.
12.6 Encourage companies, Adoption of Green Procurement for companies in
especially large and Malaysia is relatively new. In 2019, there are 11
transnational companies, to companies in Shah Alam registered for MyHijau.
adopt sustainable practices MyHijau Mark and Directory is a Government
and to integrate initiative to promote the sourcing and purchasing of
sustainability information green products and services in Malaysia.
into their reporting cycle.
Malaysian Green Technology and Climate Change
Centre (MGTC) is entrusted to manage MyHIJAU
Mark & Directory and is responsible for the
promotion, business advisory, verification, and
monitoring of certified green products and services.
74
Initiatives Moving ahead
(Unknown)
List of programmes related to recycling initiatives: Statutory policy (MBSA Local
Plan 2019)
1. Shah Alam LA21 Action Plan. 1. Development of Integrated
2. MBSA Guideline for 3 R policies Segregation at Solid Waste Management and
source. application of Reduce, Reuse,
3. Recycling Campaign 2011. Recycle (3R) practices:
4. Kitchen Waste Recycling Campaign.
5. Recycling Competition for kindergarten, school, • Proposal to build 6
local council and Wisma MBSA. Neighborhood Recycling centres.
6. City Centre Buildings Recycling Competition
(Section 14). • 3R Policies through
7. Recycling bag for housewives/single mother Segregation at Source
programme. Programme.
8. Program Kitar Semula F&N.
9. Zero Waste Programme. • Continue waste composting
10. Green Initiative for Taska. method in Shah Alam by
11. Shah Alam City council has listed out 8 recycling increasing the amount of
centres in Shah Alam at present, located at MBSA Composting centres in Shah
halls and stalls in Section 2, 6, 11, 17, 20, 25, 28 and U8. Alam area.
12. Segregation of waste at home programme since
October 2015.
Companies in Shah Alam registered under MyHijau
Programme 2019:
1. Alpha Automation (Selangor) Sdn. Bhd. (372711D).
2. Ammolite Furniture Sdn. Bhd. (1017636T).
3. Grundfos Pumps Sdn. Bhd. (202527A).
4. IETCO Sdn. Bhd. (868453H).
5. Kaeser Kompressoren Sdn. Bhd. (343860P).
6. Logicart Sdn. Bhd. (648054X).
7. Panasonic Appliances Air-Conditioning Malaysia
Sdn. Bhd. (11969T).
8. Ricoh (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (10078W).
9. Sharp Electronics (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (356997H).
10. Toshiba TEC Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (66785D).
11. Kawasaki Gas Turbine Asia Sdn. Bhd. (702680X).
75
SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and
production patterns
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
12.7 Promote public procurement The state of Selangor underlined public
practices that are procurement on sustainable practices in Pelan
sustainable, in accordance Tindakan Teknologi Hijau Selangor 2016 - 2018 @
with national policies and Selangor Green Technology Action Plan 2016 - 2018
priorities. which is undertaken by MBSA.
The current action plan encompasses seven actions
to spearhead towards the target including Green
Procurement of five key factors namely 1) energy 2)
transportation, 3) building 4) Waste Management
and 5) Water.
12.8 By 2030, ensure that people Awareness and disseminating relevant information
everywhere have the to the community of Shah Alam city have always
relevant information and been the key success in promoting sustainable
awareness for sustainable behavior throughout the city. Shah Alam has been
development and lifestyles actively using different mediums of current
in harmony with nature. awareness programs through social media. Beside
MBSA, the awareness is also supported by the
WHY IT private sector.
MATTERS?
Custodians and partners
In a city of increasing
resource constraints Subnational and local
and demands, Shah 1. Department of Solid Waste and Public Sanitation
Alam must do more, 2. Department of Environmental Health
better, with less waste. 3. Department of Community Development
While making real 4. Department of Planning
change is an immense 5. Branch Offices
and multifaceted task,
it can and must be Civil society/non-governmental organisations
done, together. 1. Kebun Komuniti Shah Alam
2. Yayasan Hijau
76
Private sector
1. KDEB Waste Management Sdn Bhd
2. SGS Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Initiatives Moving ahead
Selangor Green Technology Action Plan 2016-2018 National policies
1. MBSA will implement product purchasing, services 1. MyHijau:
and working in the public sector taking into • MyHijau Eco Label scheme
consideration the conservation of environment and • MyHijau Green Procurement
reducing negative impact from human activities. (which lists the characteristics of
2. 50% of green procurement and 5% yearly increase green product, service and works
of green procurement. for GGP)
• MyHijau Green Directory, which
Statutory policy (MBSA Local Plan 2019) contains information on green
1. Action plan: service and product for
• Shah Alam Strategic Plan 2016 – 2020. stakeholders
• Improving community awareness programme by • MyHijau SME which promotes
targeting 52 ‘Gotong-royong’/ year, holding 3R green awareness and business
recycling competition 3 times a year and 12 talks a matching within industries
year on education, cleanliness, health and
environment. 2. Green Procurement JKR
2. Medium of current awareness programmes: • Green Product Scoring System
• Facebook. (GPSS) is developed in
• Twitter. accordance with the government
• Youtube. initiatives to promote and
3. Informal channels: encourage the use of green
• la21 shah alam blogspot.com. products in the construction
• selangorhijau.wordpress.com/la21. industry and constructing more
• Community Green Initiatives . sustainable buildings.
• Green initiatives for Kindergarten.
• Recycling campaign by the MBSA, F&N Beverages Shah Alam Local Agenda 21
Marketing Sdn Bhd, and Selangor Education (LA21) action plan is one of the
Department. core programme under Shah
Alam City Council on localizing
sustainable targets into the
communities.
77
SDG 13
Climate Action
There is no city that has not felt yet the effects of global warming. The
consequences of such devastation are already visible - human health
and wellbeing, food, water and energy security, as well as ecosystem
health are affected directly and indirectly. Shah Alam, while not
experiencing (yet) the severity of the impact of climate change, is
taking many early steps in mitigating the effect of the changing climate.
Structural and non-structural measures are planned, budgeted, and
executed across the city in ensuring that its future development are low
carbon and sustainable.
Local economic development, participatory urban intervention and
environmental rehabilitation are some of the strategies adopted by
Shah Alam, among others, aiming to reduce carbon emissions by 45%
in 2030. In order to meet this target, Shah Alam participated in the Low
Carbon City Framework (LCCF) programme to take urgent measures to
combat climate change and its impacts to the city.
In the initial years of the LCCF programme, between 2015 and 2017, the
success of carbon-reducing initiatives led to a 3.34 percent reduction in
CO2. Water conservation reduced consumption by 37,775 m3 and CO2
emissions by 9.58 percent. Improved waste management prevented 817
tonnes of waste from going to landfill, resulting in a 25.89 percent CO2
reduction. Lastly, mobility initiatives triggered a reduction of 12,173
vehicles, which equates to a 38.78 percent reduction in CO2.
Apart from its low carbon city initiative, it is important to take note that
the city is still facing pressing environmental concerns – water
shortages and flooding. Due to residents’ above average levels of water
consumption, Shah Alam sometimes struggles to ensure sufficient
water supply. Simultaneously, rural areas which are home to vulnerable
and marginalised groups are still prone to flooding.
In tackling these issue, MBSA need to go far beyond ecosystems and
also address cross-cutting issues like economics, health and education.
78
Information snapshots
13.2 Integrate climate change measures into policies and planning
ELEMENTS OF SHAH ALAM LOW CARBON CITIES ACTION PLAN 2030
LOW CARBON BUILDING URBAN URBAN URBAN
CITIES INFRASTRUCTURE
FRAMEWORK TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENT
Data Data Data Data Data
Monthly Monthly Monthly Traffic Landscape
electricity water waste count inventory
bills bills disposal survey
Target
Target Target Target Target 80,000 trees
5%-15% 10%-15% 20% 3R by 40:60 per year
savings reduction 2030
ENERGY WATER WASTE MOBILITY GREENERY
Source: Shah Alam Low Carbon Cities Action Plan 2030.
13.2 Integrate climate change measures into policies and planning
13.3 Build knowledge and capacity to meet climate change
SHAH ALAM LOW CARBON 2030 SHAH ALAM LOW CARBON 2030
ACTION PLAN TARGETS ESTIMATED ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Short-term targets Long-term targets Activity/ Potential Estimated cost
(2015 – 2020) (2015 – 2030) sector source savings (RM)
CO2 reduction:
303,188.13 ton CO2 (2016) CO2 reduction: Transportation • BRT 6,000/person/year
Green procurement: 139,466.54 ton CO2 (2030) • Electric vehicle
5% per year Infrastructure • Electric bus 35/lantern/year
Transportation: To reduce CO2 emissions by Waste 360/house unit/year
69% fuel cost savings 60% in 2030. The yearly 4% Building • LED street lighting
Low carbon building: reduction as implied of 420,000/building/year
30-50% energy saving Malaysia target of 45% to • Waste sorting policies 7,200/building/year
LED lighting: be achieved by 2030 • Recycling programmes 63,000/building/year
70% usage 10,497/building/year
ooling s stem
• Rain water harvesting
• Low emission buildings
• LED/inverter lighting
Source: Review on the LCT Planning of Shah Alam, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2017.
79
SDG 13: Take urgent action to combat climate
change and its impacts
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
13.1 Strengthen resilience and Reports of floods, landslide, and soil sedimentations
adaptive capacity to are regular within Shah Alam and are still occurring
climate-related hazards and especially during heavy rain. These issues are also
natural disasters in all highlighted in the Draft Local Plan of Shah Alam
countries. (DRT MBSA 2035) and measures to overcome the
issues have also been outlined. Shah Alam flash
flood-prone area, Section 13 Shah Alam (near Shah
Alam Stadium) has encountered several episodes of
flooding.
13.2 Integrate climate change Sustainability continues to be a challenge for Shah
measures into national Alam due to rapid urbanization and climate change.
policies, strategies and However with proper planning and efforts that are
planning. continuously done, Shah Alam possesses the
potential in ensuring that its future developments
are low carbon and sustainable.
Shah Alam aims to reduce carbon emissions by 45%
in 2030 compared to its 2015 levels.
80
Initiatives Moving ahead
Projects Selangor Disaster Management Unit
1. Immediate road and drainage 1. Monitoring flood prone areas by MBSA.
maintenance at the public parking lot
area near the Shah Alam Stadium in 2. Manual Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana, Majlis
Section 13 to prevent flash floods Bandaraya Shah Alam (MBSA) was established as a
carried out by The Selangor state post-flood assessment made in the year 2006.
authorities.
Strategies
2. Hydraulic and floodplain modelling 1. Provision of 50m river reserve and 20m buffer
studies, to look at the impact on zone for forest area.
increase of flood wall along Sg.
Damansara. 2. Implementation of flood mitigation plan:
• Report of Flood Mitigation Master plan for Sungai
3. Flood Mitigation Expenditure In Damansara Catchment.
Malaysia in 2nd – 10th Malaysia Plan • Master plan Study on Flood Mitigation for Sungai
(Department of Irrigation and Buloh Basin.
Drainage). • Retention pond drainage system and rivers
maintenance program periodically.
Projects • Flood Retention pond at KRT Shah Alam:
1. Pilot Project: Section 14 Town (1) Flood Retention pond Section 7, 32, 13, 25.
Centre (159.89 hectares/ 395 acres). (2) Flood Retention pond Section U3, U10, U12.
23 buildings participated in the (3) Implementation of flood mitigation for Sungai
project to track total carbon Subang.
emissions from 2015 to 2017. The
results showed 21.15% of carbon The adoption of the Malaysia Low Carbon Cities
emission reduction. Framework (LCCF) and the formulation of Shah
Alam Low Carbon Cities Action Plan 2030 with
2. Shah Alam LCCF Expansion project the target to cut carbon emissions 45% by 2030
included expansion to UiTM Campus, compared to 2015 levels.
Section 1 Shah Alam, comprised of
162.27 hectare/400.99 acres of which
30 buildings participated. Whereas in
the State Administration Area,
Section 5 Shah Alam comprised of
29,030 hectare/112.89 acres of which
6 buildings participated.
3. Free bus – Smart Selangor bus
with 9 routes 38 buses in 2020.
81
SDG 13: Take urgent action to combat climate
change and its impacts
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
13.3 Improve education, MBSA has been actively engaging its local
awareness-raising and communities by organizing programs for capacity
human and institutional building and raising awareness. These programs
capacity on climate change have been well accepted by the local community
mitigation, adaptation, and well participated.
impact reduction and early
warning
WHY IT Custodians and partners
MATTERS?
National
Achieving the SDG 13 1. Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources
means overcoming a 2. Ministry of Housing and Local Government
number of other planetary 3. Department of Statistics Malaysia
problems as well. As an 4. Economic Planning Unit
example, if Shah Alam do 5. National Disaster Management Agency
not preserve its resources
and reduce climate Subnational
impacts to the city and its 1. PLANMalaysia@Selangor
citizens, agricultural
production will suffer Local (MBSA)
inestimable losses and 1. Department of Community Development
Shah Alam will be far from 2. Department of Planning
reaching its SDG 1 – No 3. Department of Urban Transportation
Poverty target. 4. Department of Environmental Health
5. Branch Offices
The economic impact that
this can generate would Civil society/non-governmental organisations
also prevent Shah Alam 1. Malaysia Institute of Planners
from achieving SDG 8 – 2. Malaysia Institute of Architects
Decent work and 3. WWF Malaysia
economic growth. Not to 4. Rakan NADMA
mention the risks that 5. Kebun Komuniti Shah Alam
climatic effects would
have on people’s health, Private sector
going against SDG 3 – 1. SSDU Innovations Sdn Bhd
Health and Well-Being.
Academia
1. Universiti Selangor
2. Universiti Teknologi MARA
82
Initiatives Moving ahead
Programmes Awareness-raising towards climate change
1. Community engagement from Shah mitigation.
Alam City Council collaborated with
other agencies for low carbon
initiatives.
2. Public participation in Green
Transport Infrastructure for selection
of bike route alignment with
stakeholders such as UiTM, UniSel
and residents.
3. Mini Zon Bersih (Mini Clean Zone).
4. Shah Alam Car Free Day.
MBSA’s community-based initiatives that include both physical and non-physical interventions.
83
SDG 15
Life on Land
The objectives of Goal 15 are to focus on increasing conservation efforts
and implementing sustainable management of terrestrial ecosystems,
including strengthening its governance; optimising financial resources
to conserve and sustainably use the biodiversity and ecosystems;
restoring degraded lands; halt biodiversity loss; and secure alternative
livelihoods for indigenous land communities (ILCs).
With current challenges, particularly in the sustainability arena sparked
by the changing climate has demanded greater role of the city in
reducing the burden of environmental impacts is necessary if
development is to become sustainable.
The willingness and ability of MBSA and relevant stakeholders to adopt
greater environmental awareness and responsibility is crucial in striving
towards a higher degree of sustainability for the city in achieving the
targets set in Goal 15 as environmental sustainability is an important
agenda in the development of community and the city.
Realizing the repetitive occurrence of environmental pollution and
disaster risk that are triggered by natural hazards and climate change,
several initiatives and interventions were implemented as suggestion to
prevent and mitigate environmental pollution in Shah Alam.
This section provide information highlights on critical sustainability
drivers and strategies planned and implemented by MBSA and
stakeholders involved in key environmentally sensitive activities as well
as other initiatives that forefront conservation efforts and biodiversity
and ecosystem protection – which more importantly need to be
mainstreamed and integrated environmental in the implementation of
development decisions of the city.
It is also worth noting that effective policy coherence and action will
depend on how SDG15 will continue to be implemented beyond 2021.
84
Information snapshots
15.1 Conserve and restore terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
15.2 End deforestation and restore degraded forests
15.4 Ensure conservation of mountain ecosystems
15.5 Protect biodiversity and natural habitats
GAZETTES OF ENVIRONMENTALLY LEVELS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY
SENSITIVE AREAS SENSITIVE AREAS
Hutan Hutan LEVEL 1 Prohibition of development, agriculture or
Simpan Cahaya LEVEL 2 logging with exception of low impact eco-
Agricultural tourism activities, research and education.
Bukit Park LEVEL 3 • Hutan Simpan Bukit Cherakah
Cherakah • Taman Botani Negara Shah Alam
• Kawasan Tadahan Subang
Shah
Alam Prohibition of development and agriculture.
Community Sustainable logging and low impact eco-
Forest tourism activities is allowed depending on
local obstacles.
• Highlands
• Sungai Klang
• Sungai Damansara
• Peatlands
• Water intake catchment areas and
recharge zones
Control development where the intensity
of development is controlled depending
on local obstacles.
Source: Shah Alam 2035 Draft Local Plan, 2020.
AREAS FOR NON-DEVELOPMENT
(CURRENT AND COMMITTED 2035)
CURRENT
Open area and recreation 6.25% Shah Alam
forest area:
Agriculture 2.50%
8.15%
Forest 8.15%
Shah Alam
Water body 2.78% forest land
ownership:
Empty land 19.29%
52.6ha
TOTAL 38.97%
(state land)
Source: Shah Alam 2035 Draft Local Plan, 2020. COMMITED 2035 7.33%
1.42% 109.27ha
15.3 Restore degraded land and soil Open area and recreation 8.15%
Agriculture 2.81% (PKNS*)
FLOODING INCIDENTS Forest 8.07%
IN SHAH ALAM, 2000 - 2017 Water body *Selangor State
Empty land Development
Corporation
TOTAL 27.28%
9 February 2000 Sungai Damansara Environmentally-sensitive areas need to be preserved and
2003 Seksyen 9 & 13 protected to ensure that the ecosystem in Shah Alam
26 October 2005 Sungai Damansara remains balanced and sustainable. Activities in this area
26 February 2006 Seksyen 13 must be restricted to activities that do not have significant
9 September 2006 Sungai Damansara negative impacts. Areas classified as
11 November 2006 Sungai Damansara environmentally-sensitive are:
April 2010 Sungai Damansara
7 November 2017 Seksyen 32 • Forest reserves
• Subang catchment area
• State Botanical Garden
• Peatlands
• Rivers
Source: Selangor Disaster Management Unit, 2019. Source: Shah Alam 2035 Draft Local Plan, 2020.
85
SDG 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable
forests, combat desertification, and halt
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
15.1 By 2020, ensure the In May 2020 it was reported that one of the main
conservation, restoration forests of Shah Alam, Bukit Cerakah forest reserve
and sustainable use of as the land has been degazetted for forest clearing
terrestrial and inland on property development.
freshwater ecosystems and
their services, in particular This action also affects the habitat of existing
forests, wetlands, mountains wildlife as it is the only green bridge that connects
and drylands, in line with wildlife from Shah Alam Botanical Park and Bukit
obligations under Cerakah reserve forest which is now actively being
international agreements. deforested for development and causing pollution to
the nearby natural lake.
15.2 By 2020, promote the
implementation of
sustainable management of
all types of forests, halt
deforestation, restore
degraded forests and
substantially increase
afforestation and
reforestation globally.
86
use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage
biodiversity loss.
Initiatives Moving ahead
Projects Strategies
1. Green Afforestation International Short Term Agriculture For Control Over Forest
Network Sdn Bhd. Discussion has Reserves
been carried out with Perbadanan
Kemajuan Pertanian Selangor (PKPS) 1. The area around the U15 Permanent Forest
in forging collaboration in Revotropix Reserve within a radius of 300 meters is allowed
Paulownia projects for sustainable to be used as agricultural areas to ensure that the
logging environmentally sensitive areas are not disturbed
and polluted. Agriculture that can be carried out
2. Inventori Pokok Dusun@My are short-term crops such as cash crops, fruits,
Sekolah and vegetables.
Programme 2. Provision of 50m river reserve and 20m buffer
1. Tree replanting program ‘Shah zone for forest area.
Alam Trees For Life’ of 3 years with
59,017 of trees were planted with the 3. Implement measures to control and preserve
help from 6,008 volunteers. the natural area in accordance with the
Enactment (Application) National Forestry Act
A joint effort to propose Shah Alam 1985 and guidelines in the National Botanical
Community Forest be gazetted as a Garden Master Plan.
community managed forest reserve
by The Shah Alam Community Forest 4. Development of Bukit Cerakah reserved forest
(SACF) Society with the and Tasik Subang Dam Reservoir Area
Environmental Heritage Protectors Management Plan.
Association (PEKA).
Strategies
Projects 1. Short Term Agriculture For Control Over Forest
1. Shah Alam Community Forest, Reserves.
Section U10 is a natural lowland
dipterocarp forest that approximately 2. . Proposal for Education Exploration tourism at
161.9 hectare in size and is Elmina Rain Forest.
surrounded by Setia Alam, Alam
Budiman and Nusa Rhu housing 3. Controlled developments in Environmentally
developments. Sensitive Areas (KSAS)
4. Establishment of Open space areas according
to hierarchy:
• Implementation of control and conservation of
natural area according to enactment
(Application) National Forestry Act 19855 and
National Botanical garden master plan guideline.
• Upgrade Shah Alam Botanical Garden as
agro-tourism and agro-forestry, equipped with
various attraction such as nature trail, canopy
walk, mini zoo and farm stay.
87
SDG 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable
forests, combat desertification, and halt
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
15.3 By 2030, combat There have been 9 flooding incidents in several
desertification, restore locations within Shah Alam since 2009 to 2017
degraded land and soil, whereby in 2006 was one of the most extreme flash
including land affected by flood cases in Section 13 which inundated
desertification, drought and approximately 3,000 houses and forced about
floods, and strive to achieve 11,000 people to vacate the area that happened over
a land degradation-neutral a 2 hour downpour.
world.
The cause of floods are mainly from rapid
development, land clearing and unplanned
development, clogged drainage system, soil erosion
and sedimentation which has been contributing to
river shallowing.
15.4 By 2030, ensure the Bukit Cerakah Reserved forest is gazette under
conservation of mountain Environmentally Sensitive Areas (KSAS) level 1, in
ecosystems, including their the 2035 local plan which outlined the prohibition of
biodiversity, in order to development, agriculture or logging with exception
enhance their capacity to of low impact eco-tourism activities, research and
provide benefits that are education.
essential for sustainable
development. However in May 2020, it is known that Bukit Cerakah
forest reserve was de-gazetted for forest clearing on
15.5 Take urgent and significant property development, that will cause impacts on
action to reduce the wildlife, like the endangered tapir which still roam
degradation of natural the forests here, as well as increase in human-wildlife
habitats, halt the loss of conflict should the forest be fragmented by the
biodiversity and, by 2020, roads and development.
protect and prevent the
extinction of threatened New roads, LRT and MRT route proposals are
species expected to further fragment the forest reserve
separating the south forest comprising the Taman
Botani Negara Shah Alam from the north portion.
This fragmentation will impact the only wildlife
corridor facilitating wildlife movement between
north and south which is also home to the Malayan
Tapir, which is listed as an “Endangered Species”
(EN) by the IUCN Red List. The Malayan Tapir
population is now increasingly threatened due to
habitat loss, forest fragmentation and falling victims
to traps and road accidents.
A total of 92 Malayan Tapirs were reported killed
due to road accidents in Johor, Kelantan, Melaka,
Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Selangor and Terengganu
over a five year period between 2015 and 2020.
88
use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage
biodiversity loss.
Initiatives Moving ahead
Initiatives Strategies
1. Selangor Disaster Management Unit. 1. Provision of 50m river reserve and 20m buffer
zone for forest area.
Projects
1. Hydraulic and floodplain modelling 2. Implementation of Flood Mitigation plan:
studies, to look at the impact on • Report of Flood Mitigation Masterplan for
increase of flood wall along Sungai Sungai Damansara Catchment.
Damansara to flood behaviour. • Master plan Study on Flood Mitigation for
Sunagi Buloh Basin.
2. Monitoring flood prone areas by
MBSA. 3. Retention pond drainage system and rivers
maintenance program periodically.
3. Immediate road and drainage
maintenance at the public parking lot 4. A potential flood reservoir at KRT Shah Alam
area near the Shah Alam Stadium in landscaped as a place of recreation and leisure
Section 13 to prevent flash floods such as:
carried out by the Selangor state • Flood reservoirs Sections 7, 32, 13, 25.
authorities. • Flood reservoir sections Section U3, U10, U121.
A joint effort to propose Shah Alam Controlled development in Environmentally
Community Forest be gazetted as a Sensitive Areas (KSAS) Short Term Agriculture
community managed forest reserve for Control Over Forest Reserves.
by The Shah Alam Community Forest
(SACF) Society with the
Environmental Heritage Protectors
Association (PEKA).
1. Rescued a Tapir trapped in a hole Remaining forests must not be fragmented
at Bukit Raja, Bukit Cerakah, Shah further and be reviewed.
Alam, Selangor.
Beside provision of Environmentally Sensitive
2. Providing licence by Jabatan Areas (KSAS) for protection of wildlife, strict
PERHILITAN Selangor to pet owners enforcement and constant monitoring by
to keep protected animals under the agencies responsible for protection of
act as pets. endangered wildlife are actively carried out by
the Department of Wildlife and National Parks
3. Captured a baby saltwater (Perhilitan).
crocodile at Shah Alam Lake in
Section 14 in 2019 by Selangor
Department of Wildlife and National
Parks and Fire and Rescue
Department.
89
SDG 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable
forests, combat desertification, and halt
Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges
15.9 By 2020, integrate Environmentally Sensitive Areas (KSAS) has been
ecosystem and biodiversity the axis for environmental protection in the 2035
values into national and local local plan. KSAS comprises of 3 levels:
planning, development
processes, poverty reduction Level 1 : Prohibition of development, agriculture or
strategies and accounts. logging with exception of low impact eco-tourism
activities, research and education.
WHY IT
MATTERS? Level 2 : Prohibition of development and agriculture.
Sustainable logging and low impact eco-tourism
Intensification in activities are allowed depending on local obstacles.
agricultural
production, Level 3 : Control development where the intensity of
sustainable water development is controlled depending on local
supply, waste obstacles.
management and
sanitation, and fuel and Custodians and partners
building materials
associated with Subnational and local
increasing urban 1. Selangor State Secretary
populations can have 2. Selangor Forestry Department
dramatic impacts on 3. Jabatan Perhilitan
surrounding natural 4. Pejabat Tanah Petaling
environments of Shah 5. Department of Planning
Alam. 6. Department of Community Development
7. Department of Landscape
While the 8. Branch Offices
economies of scale of
a highly urbanised Civil society/non-governmental organisations
population may be 1. Pertubuhan Pelindung Khazanah Alam (PEKA)
useful and cost-saving 2. Bukit Cerakah Forest Reserve Society
for the provision of 3. WWF Malaysia
many goods and 5. Kebun Komuniti Shah Alam
services, the resulting 6. EkoKnights
impacts on
biodiversity can be Private sector
highly detrimental for 1. SSDU Innovations Sdn Bhd
the city and its people
as biodiversity Academia
underpins the 1. Universiti Selangor
provision of food and 2. Universiti Teknologi MARA
water, mitigates and
provides resilience to
climate change;
supports human
health, and secure
livelihoods.
90
use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage
biodiversity loss.
Initiatives Moving ahead
Few hill areas in Shah Alam are Policies
managed by the community nearby 1. Akta Pemuliharaan Hidupan Liar 2010 (Akta 716).
namely Setia Alam Community Trail
and Shah Alam Community Forest for 2. Dasar Biodiversiti Negara.
eco recreation such as hiking, cycling
and nature preservation. Inclusive 3. 3 levels of prohibition for Environmentally
actions to protect hill areas in Shah Sensitive Areas (KSAS).
Alam.
4. Implement measures to control and preserve the
natural area in accordance with the Enactment
(Application) National Forestry Act 1985 and
guidelines in the National Botanical Garden Master
Plan.
Advocacy and campaigns on the protection of Shah Alam Community Forest as a community forest reserve.
91
VI. Moving Forward
Moving forward in the
improvement of SDGs in
Shah Alam, monitoring
and evaluation must cuts
across all goals and
targets of the SDGs -
assessing the processes of
translating policies to the
local level. This must also
includes institutionalised
and iterative process on
the evaluation of
effectiveness of SDGs
delivery at the city level.
A challenging but doable
task awaits Shah Alam for
it to achieve its targets.
92 The next decade will obviously be an uphill task, but the road seems smooth and promosing.
Shah Alam city’s governance
towards SDGs
While a continuous assessment through monitoring of the indicators is crucial,
evaluation of the of the effectiveness, efficiency and impact of policies and
programmes is required to both interpret the indicators as well as assess both
the process and true impact.
Moving forward in the improvement of SDGs in Shah Alam, monitoring and
evaluation must cuts across all goals and targets of the SDGs - assessing the
processes of translating policies to the local level. This also includes
institutionalised and iterative process on the evaluation of effectiveness of SDGs
delivery at the city level.
The overall slowdown in SDGs progress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic,
coherent and comprehensive actions can place Shah Alam on a robust
trajectory towards achieving its SDGs goals. Sustainability itself, much like
universal human rights, is more a value than an accomplishment – a direction
rather than a concrete target. Smart prioritizing and strategic synergies would
allow the city to focus on achievable goals to give a legitimate sense of victory.
It is also important to be reminded that the SDGs have a holistic approach to
development. Offering such integrated approaches is precisely what strong
broad-based partners and stakeholders can contribute with. One discipline
cannot solve the great societal challenges of today. Transdisciplinarity and
cooperation across sectors, institutions and other actors are crucial when
carving out answers and solutions.
Good governance is a foundation to achieving the SDGs. Different aspects of
governance, namely participation, policy coherence, reflexivity, adaptation and
democratic institutions on SDG achievement at the local level are determinants
for Shah Alam to achieve its sustainability vision. On top of these, current
mechanism in inclusive engagement that seems to be regulatory rather than to
facilitate and tap on the potential of broader stakeholders and partners need to
be improved.
In the specific context of sustainability governance, the importance of
participation in policy-making and implementation, essentially relies on a
diversity of participating actors. This is particularly with regard to complex and
interrelated sustainability goals, where policy coherence can contribute to the
reduction of trade-offs between different sectoral policies and thereby lead to
more effective implementation.
The emergence of Voluntary Local Reviews such as this report highlights the
willingness among local governments to engage in the global agenda and can
be used as a vehicle to strengthen the localisation of the SDGs, where new ways
of working are being practised in considering systematically the transboundary
impacts of domestic policies and actions towards 2030.
93
Shah Alam’s SDGs
implementation challenges
ACCOUNTABILITY
The importance of this SDG review is to hold ourselves accountable on how to
tackle systemic challenges in the city. Considerations of proposals to add, replace,
or revise strategies will follow suit while ensuring disaggregated data are being
collected.
DATA GAPS IN THE 5 PRIORITIZED GOALS
From the 5 SDGs with a total of 29 targets to achieve, there is a significant gap of
data to measure the distance to each target. As an example at the global level,
there are a large number of custodians and agencies just for SDG 1 indicators
alone, such as the ILO (International Labour Organization), UNICEF , UN-Women,
UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction), FAO (Food &
Agriculture Organization), and more. For Shah Alam to be able to collect timely,
disaggregated data there is a need to identify designated custodian agencies for
each indicator at the local level.
DISAGGREGATED DATA IS ESSENTIAL TO LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND
With the minimum set of datas available for the 5 focused SDGs, the overarching
principle of SDGs – “leave no one behind” – is only possible with the availability of
disaggregated data.
! "Sustainable Development Goal indicators should be
disaggregated, where relevant, by income, sex, age, race,
ethnicity, migratory status, disability and geographic location,
or other characteristics, in accordance with the Fundamental
Principles of Official Statistics”
General Assembly resolution 68/261.
As women tend to earn less with lesser opportunities, the elderly and children
are more vulnerable to shocks and certain regions or marginalized groups are
at a disadvantage, aggregated datas would miss all of these other dimensions
to ensure the actions are correctly targeted.
While some aspects seem to be progressing, so does the widening of
inequalities. For example, how do we measure whether a green space is
accessible, when it may be physically accessible by all modes of transportation
or by foot, but certain demographics are working 2-3 jobs a day rendering
them inaccessible to those green spaces.
How do we know that the population of women and children in Shah Alam are
more affected by poverty than the overall affected population. Having the right
custodian agencies for each dimension of indicators is essential to leave no one
behind.
94
The lack of information and disaggregated data for targets that require special
attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children,
persons with disabilities and older persons.
BACKCASTING FROM 2030
With less than a decade left to 2030, Shah Alam would need to illustrate what
backcasting looks like from the business-as-usual to the SDG trajectory. Since
SDG is goal-oriented, time-bound and quantified, backcasting will give a core
message to reflect what policy changes are needed, and at what rate is
necessary for Shah Alam to reach the targets in the year 2030. It is not possible
to manage what is not measured.
TIMELY DATA FOR ACTUAL REFLECTION
Time lags in official statistics would give an inaccurate reading and reflect
previous governing situations that may no longer be relevant. The pandemic has
shown that dissemination of real-time data is critical in understanding,
managing and mitigating the human, social and economic impacts. The need for
timely data is crucial in measuring the targets with the right set of indicators.
! NOTE
It is important to take into account that the 5 prioritize goals
presented here were based on pre COVID-19 circumstances and the
pandemic shock will cause a shift in the trajectory of no COVID-19
projections. As the pandemic has negatively affected the city’s
economy, quick measures were taken to curb the infection rates.
SDG 1 or poverty rates could increase as not all measures are
applicable by different income groups dominating the informal sector
and labour sector while other working sectors are able to move to
work from home via online platforms. The same pattern is reflected in
education with certain disadvantaged groups being left behind.
SDG 11 has been on a steady track with its target, but the pandemic
has exposed the different impact and vulnerabilities in different
geographic locations and housing typologies. As the situation is
unprecedented, no cities were yet built with pandemic outbreak into
account, and this include Shah Alam as well.
In response, discussions on new forms of planning layout, building and
housing typologies are gaining popularity on how cities will operate
from now on.
95
! For SDG 12, the rate of consumption and wastes produced would still
be at the same rate of population, as it was before the pandemic. The
only difference is a shift to shopping and dining via online platforms
and delivery services, that correlate with an increase in production of
packaging as well as recycling.
The impact of COVID-19 on SDG 13 is still unclear and its trajectory is
uncertain on how it is affecting the progress for climate action. While
carbon emissions may have temporarily reduced due to restricted
mobility to curb the outbreak, it is safe to say that no one wanted
carbon emissions to be reduced this way but put focus on sustainable
changes instead.
It is projected that Shah Alam's population will grow at a rate of 4.9%
annually, so with the demand for energy, and an economy reliant on
fossil fuels will definitely impact our environment.
Over the past year, we have had opportunities to see that carbon
emissions and footprint can indeed be reduced, with the availability of
new baselines of what can be achieved digitally, such as remote-work,
e-commerce platforms, online reporting and monitoring systems, and
online education. The ability to cooperate and collaborate proves that
climate action can indeed be accelerated .
There is a growing appreciation towards the natural environment since
the many repeated lockdowns are affecting mental health of the
people. With more preference for greeneries, more housing
developments are taking up the natural habitat in order to be as close
to nature, at the cost of biodiversity loss.
Sightings of Tapirs in the middle of heavy traffic indicates how their
habitat is slowly fragmentized. In the midst of the pandemic chaos,
stay at home orders, loss of jobs, lesser public surveillance - this may
spur possible illegal deforestation or other related activities that shall
affect biodiversity, out of desperation. It is important not to lose sight
of SDG 15 as we are coping with the emergency.
96
Leaving No One Behind
The effectiveness and influence of the SDGs are dependent on their feasibility
to be translated into and implemented at the local context. One of the key
principles of the SDGs to address this shortcoming is the principle of “Leave No
One Behind”.
This entails that the achievement of the SDGs is not only at the aggregate level,
but also to be attained at the disaggregated level. In meeting this ambitious
principle and goal, the SDGs are required to be applicable not only to the
national context, but also to the local level.
The 2030 Agenda seeks to benefit everyone and every place, and commits to
leave no one behind by reaching out to all people in need and deprivation,
wherever they are, in a manner which targets their specific needs, challenges
and vulnerabilities. This aim has generated demand for local and disaggregated
data in analysing outcomes and track progress.
The main contribution of the report is to understand issues from an actor’s
perspective, and in particular, non-state (or non-government) actors as forces
for SDGs implementation.
Specifically, due to the need to translate the SDGs from the global level to the
local and community levels, while at the same time addressing the crosscutting
nature of the SDGs, its implementation is required to be addressed at various
levels, scales and by various actors and stakeholders.
In the context of Shah Alam, with MBSA playing the coordinating role for
national implementation, development planning and resource mobilisation has
strongly been aligned to the SDGs. However, the challenge remains in
translating it from the national to the sub-national and progressively to the local
level.
Generally, the structure in government set-up is still predominantly based on
specialisation and task disaggregation in the delivery of development agendas
and programmes. This structured approach to development delivery in Shah
Alam has often resulted in either diluted or leakages in their delivery and
implementation.
While there is no one force or mechanism that has either even been observed or
proposed to enhance development delivery to ensure no one is left behind, it is
identified that a whole-of-society approach with cross sector interactions and
inputs is the driving force in improving vertical linkages in the process of
implementing the SDGs.
97
Partnership at the global, national and
city levels are key in delivering the
SDGs. Local stakeholders are a major
force, and they play crucial roles in both
identifying challenges and needs in
their own context as well as the
solutions to those challenges.
MBSA and the Selangor State
Government continue to play a
crucial role in coordinating
development delivery.
! The notion of leaving no one behind
adopted by the city, as well as within
the United Nations’ system, points to a
multidimensional approach that goes
beyond the income lens – other factors
such as discrimination due to identity,
geographical factors, effectiveness of
governance and vulnerability to
shocks and stresses are important
lenses to this aspiration.
This approach opens up to the notion
of leaving no one behind to various
issue areas beyond poverty to include
issues such as vulnerability to the
impacts of wellbeing and good health,
climate change, and sustainable urban
development.
The global pledge and commitments
made in the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development to transform
our world by 2030 and to ensure
sustained and inclusive economic
growth, social inclusion, environmental
protection, fostering peaceful, just, and
inclusive societies through a new global
partnership require a holistic lens in its
action planning in making sure they
reach the furthest behind first. This is
the answer to leaving no one behind.
This page: With participation, transparency and multi-stakeholderism – effective collaboration between
government, civil society and the private sector, Shah Alam aspire to become global influencer and
local advocate in achieving the SDGs by 2030.
Opposite: Shah Alam City recognised artistics and cultural aspects to play a pivotal role for the overall
2030 Agenda to be successful.
This report is prepared for
Shah Alam City Council
This report is prepared by
Urbanice Malaysia
Shah Alam SDGs VLR 2021
is authored and designed by
TPr. Norliza Hashim
Dr. Azmizam Abdul Rashid
Hafiz Amirrol
Ernadia Os’hara Omar
Mohd Syafiq Subri
Zuraidah Mian
© 2021 | URBANICE MALAYSIA
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable
Cities and Community Wellbeing
SHAH ALAM SDGs
VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW
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