Computer Wizard VIth

A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) :

1. The comparison operators to compute criteria’s are

(a) Only ‘=’,’>’ and ‘<’ (b) ‘=’,’<’,’>’,’>=’,’<=’ & ‘<>’ (c) Only ‘=’

2. It is the smallest unit in excel to store information

(a) Constant (b) Cell (c) Text

3. Organizing a specific set of data in your worksheet is known as

(a) Sort Range (b) Sort Sheet (c) Sort Worksheet

4. Organizing all of the data in your worksheet by one column is known as

(a) Sort Range (b) Sort Sheet (c) Sort Worksheet

5. Sorting data from minimum to maximum is known as

(a) Ascending (b) Descending (c) Flat Sort

6. Filtering is also known as

(a) Superset data (b) Refine data (c) Subset data

7. These filters display information based on cells containing or excluding certain number of characters

(a) Date Filter (b) Text Filter (c) Number data

8. These filters display information based on cells having information from a certain time period

(a) Date Filter (b) Text Filter (c) Number data

9. To change the cell reference C4:C9 to an absolute row and column reference, you would enter it as

(a) C4:C9 (b) C$4:C$9 (c) $C$4:$C$9

1 0. These ____________ format changes the appearance of cells on the basis of true or false result of a formula

(a) Formula (b) Logical (c) Conditional

B. State True and False for the following statements : _____
1. By default, it displays YYYY/MM/DD format for date. _____
2. To enter today’s date, press CTRL+; (semi-colon) keys. _____
3. You can compare three values with the comparison operators. _____
4. Sorting is done with raw data. _____
5. Sort sheet organizes all of the data in your worksheet by multiple columns. _____
6. Filtering can also be referred to as “subset data”, or a data “drill-down”.

C. Fill In The Blanks :
1. To enter today’s date, press ____________ keys.
2. To enter current time, press ____________ keys.
3. An____________ is a sign or symbol that specifies the type of calculation to perform within an expression.
4. A ____________ is never calculated, and hence does not change.

100 Working with data, formulas and functions

5. A ____________is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a particular order.
6. Excel calls text as ____________
7. ____________is the process of arranging data into meaningful order to make it easier to understand, analyze

or visualize more effectively.
8. ____________organizes all of the data in your worksheet by one column.
9. Filtering can also be referred to as ____________.
1 0. ____________allows you to apply specific formatting to cells that meet certain criteria.

D. Short Answer Questions :

1. What is the difference between deleting cells and clearing cell contents?

2. Describe the following:

(i) Constant (ii) Operator (iii) Formula

(iv) Function (v) Comparison Operators

3. What do you understand by Sorting of data?

4. What is meant by Filtering of data? List down its uses

5. What is the use of following functions:

(i) Concatenate (ii) Proper (iii) Upper

(iv) Min (v) Count (vi) Max

(vii) Lower (viii) Sum

6. What do you understand by cell referencing?

7. How do you apply absolute referencing to a cell?

8. How will you reference a cell from different worksheet in your worksheet?

E. Long Answer Questions :

1. How to perform sort by formatting?

2. Describe the following:

(i) Sort Sheet (ii) Sort Range (iii) Ascending Sort

(iv) Descending Sort (v) Sorting Levels (vi) Search Filter

(vii) Number Filter (viii) Text Filter (ix) Date Filter

(x) Subtotal

3. List down the steps involved in conditional formatting.

4. How do you perform custom sorting of data?

5. What are conditional formatting presets?

6. How will you distinguish between relative and absolute reference? Explain with example.

7. Discuss in detail about mixed referencing.

Information Technology–VI 101

In the Lab

1. Create the following worksheet and calculate the total values:

Income A B C D E F G H Total
Basic 3206 3375 3263 3150 3375 3488 3600 3319 0
HRA 1603 1687.5 1631.5 1575 1688 1744 1800 1660 ?
DA 1202 1266 1224 1181 1266 1308 1350 1245 ?
150 160 155 150 145 130 110 125 ?
Conveyance 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 ?
Rent 400 450 350 300 250 200 220 225 ?
Phone ?
Total ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

2. Create the following worksheet and calculate the following:

(a) Calculate the total salary of each employee.

(b) Find the average salary.

(c) Copy the entire data range in a new location and check the variations of the formulas in each of the cells

of new location.

(d) Calculate the average amount received by the employees Name Earnings HRA DA PF Total Salary
under each head of BASIC, HRA, DA, etc. Hardik 7500.00 3750.00 1875.00 1312.50 ?
Pooja 7500.00 3750.00 1875.00 1312.50 ?

(e) Find the maximum salaried employee. Harry 7400.00 3700.00 1850.00 1295.00 ?
(f) Find the minimum salaried employee. Aditi 6000.00 3000.00 1500.00 1050.00 ?
Shefali 6000.00 3000.00 1500.00 1050.00 ?

(g) What is the difference of each employee with respect to Sherry 6000.00 3000.00 1500.00 1050.00 ?
the maximum salary? Anju 6000.00 2500.00 1250.00 875.00 ?
Gaurav 5000.00 2500.00 1250.00 875.00 ?

(h) Find the difference between the maximum and minimum Amir 4790.00 2395.00 1197.50 838.25 ?

salary. Arun 4500.00 2250.00 1125.00 787.50 ?

3. Create the following worksheet: Student ENG MATH PHY CHEM COMP
Ashish 50 20 100 75 50
(a) Calculate the Total, Average Marks for each student. Hardik 75 40 125 90 40
Ranju 25 60 75 65 75
(b) Find the average marks for the entire class using appropriate Sanju 40 80 50 48 48
formula. Sahil 55 60 85 96 55
Sudh 35 40 125 35 40
(c) Copy the entire data range to a new location and check Pooja 48.5 20 25 144 25
the variations in the formulas in each of the cells of new Gauri 40 80.0 50.0 48.0 48
location. Shernya 55 60.0 85.0 96.0 55
Monika 35 40 125 35 40
(d) Move the entire data range to a new location and check Geeta 48.5 20.0 25.0 25
the variations in the formulas in each of the cells of new 144.0
location.

(e) Calculate the average marks obtained per subject for the entire class.

(f) Calculate the total number of students in each class.

(g) Calculate the difference between the marks scored and the average marks for each subject for each
student.

(h) Calculate the difference between the highest marks and lowest marks in each of the subjects.

102 Working with data, formulas and functions

Group Discussion

Divide the class into groups and discuss the following topics:

1. Operators and Constants 2. Functions and Formula

3. Absolute and Relative Cell Reference 4. Sorting and Filtering

5. Conditional Formatting: Colors, Icons and Data bars

Project Work 103

1. Sort the table by:
(a) Course level; then
(b) Start time; then
(b) Cost.
2. In the above question 1, Use filtering to show

rows where:
(a) The instructor is Debbie
(b) The day is Monday
(c) The Level is Beginner
(d) The Cost is less than 4.00
(e) The instructor is Debbie and the day is Monday and the time is after 17:00.
(f) The venue is the sports hall
(g) The day is Wednesday
(h) The time is greater than or equal to 20:00.
3. Use the following conditions to format the sheet:
(a) Change the color of the cell for all female staff.
(b) Change the color of the cell whose surname

contains “I”.
(c) Change the color of the cell whose initial

starts with “H”.
(d) Change the color of the cell where no of hours

is greater than or equal to 18.
(e) Change the color of the cells where the pay is among the top 10%.
(f) Add the data bars to Tax column.
(g) Add the icon sets to the Final pay, as per the following:
• Final pay >= 150, green color icon set
• Final pay >= 100 and less then 150, yellow color icon set
• Final pay <= 100 red color icon set

Information Technology–VI

4. Use the following conditions to format the sheet:
(a) Change the color of the cell for which the candidate

nos is < 300000.
(b) Change the color of the cell whose Area contains

“South”.
(c)C hange the color of the cell for female candidates.
(d) Add the data bars to Age column, with respect to the

result.
(e) Change the color of the cell for candidates of age >=

35.

Educate your students ONLINE

1. www.ablebits.com/office-addins-blog/add-text-character-excel-cells
2. www.excel-easy.com/functions/cell-references.html
3. www.excel-easy.com/functions/count-sum-functions.html
4. www.excel-easy.com/data-analysis/sort.html

104 Working with data, formulas and functions

Formative Assessment – 2

(Based on Chapter 5 to 6)

Class 6 : COMPUTER Date: _______________
Max. Marks: 30 Max. Time: 30 Min

A. Fill In The Blanks : 1 x 10 = 10

1. ____________ refers to an address of the currently active cell in terms of row and column references.

2. The maximum row height is of ____________ points.

3. The maximum column width is of ____________ characters.

4. A ____________ is a reverse video bar that is rectangular.

5. A collection of worksheets is known as ____________

6. To enter today’s date, press ____________ keys.

7. Excel calls text as ____________

8. ____________is the process of arranging data into meaningful order to make it easier to understand, analyze or
visualize more effectively.

9. Absolute references are designated in a formula by the addition of a ____________before the column and row.

10. Filtering can also be referred to as ____________.

B. State True and False for the following: 0.5 x 10 = 5
1. An Excel spreadsheet or your excel file is also known as a Workbook. _____
2. The 16382th column is XFB. _____
3. A constant entry can be changed, whenever required. _____
4. To enter today’s date, press CTRL+; (semi-colon) keys. _____
5. Filtering can also be referred to as “subset data”, or a data “drill-down”. _____
6. Sorting is done with raw data. _____
7. You can compare three values with the comparison operators. _____
8. The maximum row height is of 409 points. _____
9. Sort sheet organizes all of the data in your worksheet by multiple columns. _____
10. A cell pointer is a reverse video bar that is rectangular. _____

C. Multiple Choice Questions. Tick the correct answer: 0.5 x 10 = 5
(c) 512 C & 65536 R
1. The total size of excel worksheet is (c) Cell
(c) END + RIGHT key
(a) 156 C & 8192 R (b) 16384 C & 1048576 R (c) END + RIGHT key

2. In excel the intersection of a row and column is called a

(a) Square (b) Cubicle

3. To move the cell pointer one full screen right to a non-blank cell, press

(a) RIGHT Key (b) CTRL+RIGHT Key

4. To move the cell pointer one cell right, press

(a) RIGHT Key (b) CTRL+RIGHT Key

Information Technology–VI 105 105

5. The rectangular block of adjacent and non-adjacent cells is known as

(a) Cell Range (b) Cell Block (c) Cell Rectangle

6. Sorting data from minimum to maximum is known as

(a) Ascending (b) Descending (c) Flat Sort 1x5=5

7. Filtering is also known as 1 x 5 = 5

(a) Superset data (b) Refine data (c) Subset data

8. To change the cell reference C4:C9 to an absolute row and column reference, you would enter it as

(a) C4:C9 (b) C$4:C$9 (c) $C$4:$C$9

9. A single row or a single column of data is known as ...................

(a) Data Series (b) Data Record (c) Data Legend

10. Which of the following is an example of mixed reference

(a) C4:C9 (b) C$4:C$9 (c) $C$4:$C$9

D. Define the following in 1 line:
1. Cells
2. Worksheet
3. Formula bar
4. Upper
5. Min

E. Very Short Answer Questions:
1. Which key will you use to move a cell pointer to the A column from anywhere in the worksheet?
2. Which shortcut key will you use to insert a worksheet in a workbook?
3. How will you select a cell range of non-adjacent cells?
4. How will you double underline the text in a cell?
5. How will you place the text as vertically middle aligned and horizontally center aligned in a cell?

106 106 Working with data, formulas and functions

Summative Assessment – 1

(Based on Chapter 1 to 6)

Class 6 : COMPUTER Date: _______________
Max. Marks: 90 Max. Time: 2½ Hrs

A. Fill In The Blanks : 1 x 10 = 10

1. ____________ includes the conversion of raw data to machine-readable form.
2. ____________is the physical parts or components of a computer.
3. ____________ translate instructions written in symbolic language into binary form.
4. This process of removal of the bugs is called ____________ .
5. Basic is an example of ____________ language.
6. The____________ is a flashing vertical line that marks the place where the text will be entered.
7. Use ____________ list for lists where the order of items isn’t significant.
8. A ____________ is a predefined combination of font style, color, and size.
9. The maximum column width is of ____________ characters.
10. A ____________ is never calculated, and hence does not change.

B. State True and False for the following: 1 x 10 = 10

1. In an Abacus of two parts, the upper part called as the HEAVEN and the lower part called as EARTH. _____
2. Machine language use binary digits, 0 and 1. _____
3. Assembly language is also called the fourth generation programming language. _____
4. Status Bar displays information regarding page numbers, the column and line number. _____
5. Backspace delete a character right to the insertion point. _____
6. A serif typeface fonts are often used in printed books and newspapers. _____
7. The header is a section of the document that appears in the bottom margin. _____
8. A merge field is a placeholder that you insert in the main document. _____
9. When you open a new workbook, there are 5 sheets. _____
10. Filtering can also be referred to as “subset data”, or a data “drill-down”. _____

C. Multiple Choice Questions. Tick the correct answer: 1 x 10 = 10

1. Processed form of facts is known as

(a) Data (b) Information (c) Processed data

2. It acts as an interface between computer hardware and the user and provides instructions for carrying out certain
tasks

(a) Instructor (b) Operating System (c) Interface System
(c) Magnetic device
3. A light pen is a (c) Non-impact
(c) CTRL+X
(a) Pointing device (b) Optical scanner

4. The printer that forms character by printing a series of dots

(a) Impact (b) dot-matrix

5. Keyboard shortcut for copy operation is ...................

(a) CTRL+P (b) CTRL+C

Information Technology–VI 107 107

6. To select text to the end of the line, press

(a) SHIFT+RIGHT Key (b) SHIFT+END Key (c) SHIFT+HOME Key

7. In which orientation, the page is oriented horizontally

(a) Layout (b) Landscape (c) Portrait

8. When a field name has a space in its title, such as Last Name, how is the merge field displayed in the mail merge
document?

(a) LastName (b) Last-Name (c) Last_Name

9. It is a reverse video bar in rectangular shape

(a) Cell Lighter (b) Cell Highlighter (c) Cell pointer

10. Sorting data from minimum to maximum is known as

(a) Ascending (b) Descending (c) Flat Sort

D. Very Short Answer Questions: 2 x 10 = 20

1. What is meant by Data?

2. What do you understand by Human ware?

3. What do you understand by a Hardware?

4. What is a font? How many types of fonts are there?

5. How will you make the selected text Bold, Italic, Underlined? Also specify the keyboard shortcuts for each of these?

6. How can you restart a numbered list?

7. What is meant by a theme?

8. Describe the following:

(i) Cells (ii) Cell Pointer (iii) Cell Range (iv) Current Cell

9. What is meant by Formulas in Excel?

10. What are the functions of the following function keys:

(i) CTRL+HOME (ii) END+RIGHT arrow key (iii) ALT + F4 key (iv) END+DOWN arrow key

E. Long Answer Questions: 4 x 10 = 40

1. What do you understand by a computer?

2. Briefly explain the following elements of a computer system:

(i) Input Unit (ii) Output Unit (iii) Memory Unit (iv) Secondary Storage Unit
(iv) EEPROM
3. Define the following:

(i) IPO Cycle (ii) ROM (iii) RAM

(v) Application Software (vi) Utilities (vii) Packages (viii) System Software

4. What do you understand by operating system?
5. What is the meaning of Page orientation? List the different types of orientations available in MS-Word.
6. Describe the following:

(i) Sort Sheet (ii) Sort Range (iii) Ascending Sort (iv) Descending Sort

(v) Sorting Levels (vi) Date Filter (vii) Number Filter (viii) Text Filter

7. What do you understand by Sorting of data?

8. What is meant by Filtering of data? List down its uses.

9. What do you understand by cell referencing? Discuss about its types.

10. What are conditional formatting presets?

108 108 Working with data, formulas and functions

7 Power Point

Learning Objectives: ▪ Defining Slide Layout & Place Holder ▪ Explaining Insert Menu

▪ Introduction to Power Point ▪ Presentation Designing Tips ▪ Sound / Audio and Video
▪ Animation Effects

Introduction

A presentation software is a digital tool that is specifically designed to allow users to create
a presentation of ideas by stringing together sequences of graphics, text, audio and video in
order to display information for professional and novice users in the form of shows. These
sequences, often called slides, are consolidated in virtual files called slide decks.

We can also include information and objects prepared by other programs, such as text , chart
worksheet, graphics etc, into slides of a presentation.

Presentation graphics software provides you the facility of creating presentations that
communicate ideas, messages and other information. These are made on individual slides that
display on a large monitor or on a projection screen.
Slide Layout

The slide layout is the arrangement of text, images, clipart, chart, etc. in a particular slide. The

PowerPoint provides us with a variety of slide layouts we can choose as per requirement.

The Slide Layout gallery enables you to choose a layout for a slide. Power Point file save
with an extension ·PPT
Some layouts hold only text, such as the Title Slide, Section Header,
and Title Only layouts. Other layouts include a title, plus content

place holders. Layouts that feature placeholders include Title and Content, Two Content,

Comparison, and Content with Caption. MS-PowerPoint includes nine inbuilt slide layouts

or you can create custom layouts that meet your specific needs.

Place Holder : Each slide layout has an arrangement of
placeholders. Text placeholders accept only text. Content
placeholders accept either text or a graphic element. A
content placeholder contains icons that help us insert
graphics. We can move placeholders to design slides that
suit our particular needs.

Changing the Slide Layout

If you decide a slide’s original layout no longer works,
you can apply a different slide layout in normal view.

Information Technology–VI 109

• Display the slide that you want to change.
• Click on Home tab on the Ribbon.
• Click on Layout button.
• Click on the layout.
Power Point immediately assigns a layout to the slide. The text in the slide will automatically

adjust itself to the new layout.

Adding a Clip Art Image or Online Picture

You can add artwork to a slide by inserting clip art images. Clip Art is a pre-existing art. You
can add clip art to a placeholder object or
insert a new clip art object.

• Display the slide you want to add a
Clip Art image to.

• Change the layout of the slide to one Clip art or online picture icon
that includes a placeholder for a Clip
Art image.

• Click on a Click Art icon to add a
clip Art image.

The Clip Art task pane opens.

• Type a keyword or phrase for the type
of Clip Art that you want to insert.

• Click on the down arrow of Results
should be and click on collection to
search in a particular collection.

• Click on Go.

The Clip Art task pane displays any matches for the keyword or phrase that you typed. You
can click on scroll bar to see all the displayed matches.

• Click on the image to add a Clip Art
image.

The Clip Art is inserted and the Picture To
on the Format tab.

You can resize or move the Clip Art.
To deselect the clip art, click on anywhere

else in the work area.
• Click on Close button to close the pane.

110 Fundamentals of Computers

You can also insert the Clip Art without using content place holder. In place of using steps 1,
2 and 3, click on Insert tab and the click on Clip Art. The Clip Art task pane will open. Now
use the above mention steps from step 4.

Adding a Picture Image picture image icon

If you want to insert the picture graphics
stored into your computer directory, you
can do it by following the steps:

• Display the slide you want to add a
picture to.

• Change the layout of the slide to one
that includes a placeholder for a picture.

• Click on Picture icon to add a picture
to the slide.

The Insert Picture dialog box appears.

These areas show the location of the displayed pictures.
You can click on these areas to changes the location.

• Click on the picture you want to add to the slide.

• Click on Insert to add a picture to the slide.

The Picture is inserted and Picture Tools appear on the
Format tab.

You can resize or move the picture.

Click on anywhere else in the work area to
deselect the picture.

You can also insert the picture without
using content place holder. In place of
using steps 1,2 and 3, click on Insert tab
and the click on Picture. The Insert Picture
dialog box will appear. Now use the above
mentioned steps from step 4.

Adding Background

You can create a professional looking and fully customized presentation by inserting a
background into a slide. The background image, which can come from a digital camera,
from a drawing program, or from a professional graphics design, can greatly enhance the
look of your presentation. To change the background the steps are:

Information Technology–VI 111

Solid Background color
• Click on the Design Tab.
• Click on Background Styles.
• Click on Format Background.

The Format Background dialog box
appears.

• Click on the radio button options of
Solid fill.

• Click on the Color button to open a color palette.
• Select the color you want to apply as a background.
• Click on Close button to apply solid color on the current slide.
You can click on Apply to All button to apply solid color on all the slides.
The color selected by you is applied on the current slide.

Gradient Color Fundamentals of Computers
• Repeat steps 1 to 3 from the previous

session to bring Format Background
dialog box. The Format Background
dialog box appears.
• Click on the radio button options of
Gradient fill.
• Click on the Present colors button
to open gradients pattern.
• Select the pattern you want to apply
as a background.
• Click on the down arrow button of Type.
• Select the type of gradient pattern.
• Click on the down arrow button of Direction.

112

• Select any direction of gradient fill. 113
• Click on Close button to apply

gradient fill on the current slide.
You can click on Apply to All button to

apply gradient fill on all the slides.
The gradient fill selected is applied on

the current slide.

Textured Fill Color
• Repeat steps 1 to 3 from the

previous session to bring Format
Background dialog box. The
Format Background dialog box
appears.
• Click on the radio button options
of Picture or texture fill.
• Click on the Texture button to open
a list of textures.
• Select the texture you want to
apply.
• Click on Close button to apply texture
Fill on the current slide.
You can click on Apply to All button to
apply texture Fill on all the slides.
The textured fill selected by you is applied
on the current slide.

Custom Image Fill
• Repeat steps 1 to 3 from the previous session to bring Format

Background dialog box. The Format Background dialog box
appears.
• Click on the radio button options of Picture or texture fill.
• Click on file button to open Insert Picture dialog box. The Insert
Picture dialog box appears.
• Click on this area and locate the folder containing the file you want
to Use as the background image.
• Click on the file you want to use.
• Click on Insert.
PowerPoint adds the background image to the slide.

Information Technology–VI

You can click the check box of the Title picture as texture to repeat the image so that it covers
the entire slide background, if the image is small.

If the image does not cover the entire background, increase the Values in the Left, Right,
Top, and Bottom spin boxes as necessary to stretch the image to the full background size.

If the image is dark or busy, you can make the slide text easier to ready by increasing the
Transparency value.

• Click on Close button to apply Custom Image on the current slide.

You can click Apply to All button to
apply Custom Image on all the slides.

After all the settings are done, the
custom image is applied to the current
slide.

Changing Power Point View

You can use Power Point’s views to change how your presentation appears on-screen. The
PowerPoint view modes can help you with the various presentation elements that you want
to edit. By default, PowerPoint displays your presentation in Normal view.

Normal View : It shows the current slide, the outline and the Notes text box.

Slide Sorter View : It shows all the slides of presentation in a small size and allows to
change their order.

Outline View : It is the easiest view which shows only the slide and its contents.

Reading View : Reading view is used when you want to view a presentation not in
full screen.

But in a window with simple controls that make the presentation
easy to review.

Slide Show View : This view is used to deliver your presentation to your audience.

Using Normal View
• Click on Normal view button.
PowerPoint shows the default view, displaying the current slide in the presentation.
• Click on Outline tab.
Power Point displays the presentation in

an outline format.
• You can click on the outline text to edit it.
You can click on a slide icon to view the

slide.

Using Slide View
• Click on Slides tab.

114 Fundamentals of Computers

PowerPoint displays a current slide in the
presentation.

You can click on any slide in the Slides tab to
view a particular slide.

• Click on Slide Sorter View button.
PowerPoint displays all the slides in the

presentation.

Using Reading View
• Click on Reading View button.

PowerPoint shows the presentation
in full screen but with Title bar and
Status bar with simple controls.

Using Slide Show View
• Click on Slide Show View button.
PowerPoint views your presentation as

a slide show.
Press Esc key to return to Normal view.

Adding Slide Transition

A slide transition is a visual effect that appear when you move from one slide to another.
You can add transition effects to your slides to control how one slide process to the next.
Transition effects include fade, dissolve, wipe, etc. You can control the speed of transition to
appear fast or slow. You can also specify how PowerPoint advances the slides either manual
or automatically.
• Bring the slide in which you want to add a
transition.

• Click on Transition tab on the Ribbion.

• Click on a Transition.

You can scroll through the available transition
effects.

PowerPoint immediately displays a preview
of the transition effect.

Information Technology–VI 115

PowerPoint adds an animation icon beside
the slide.

• Click on the down arrow of Effect
Options.

• Click on the effects setting for transition.
PowerPoint displays a preview of the

transition effect.
You can click on Apply to All, if you want

to apply the same transition effect to the
entire slide show.

Adding Animation Effects
You can use PowerPoint’s animation effects to add even more visual interest in your slide

show presentation. You can add simple animation effects such as fade wipe, fly in, etc. to
any slide element including text boxes, clipart and other objects. It makes the slide show
interesting and gives a professional look. To give animations the steps are:

• Click on any slide elements (like text
boxes, shapes, and pictures) that you want
to add animation in Normal view.

• Click on Animations tab on the Ribbon.
• Animation can be a special sound or visual

effect that can be added to objects on a
slide.
• Click on an animation effect.

PowerPoint immediately assigns the effect and previews the effect on the slide.
• You can click on Preview button to preview the effect again.

Run a Slide Show
By using PowerPoint’s Slide Show view, you can

view a presentation. Slide Show view displays
full-screen image of your slides. To run a slide
show on a screen follow the steps as:
• Click on the first slide you want to view in the

slide show.
• Click on Slide Show to start the slide show.
The slide you selected fills your screen.
You can press Esc key to end the slide show

any time.

116 Fundamentals of Computers

• To display the next slide, click on Next button or click anywhere on the current slide.

The next slide appears.

To return to the previous slide, click on Back button or press Backspace key.

• Repeat step 3 until this screen appears, indicating that you have reached at the end of
the slide show.

Click on the screen to exit the slide show.

Record Narration

MS-PowerPoint allows you to record a narration for the slide show. As you record narration,
it stores slide files separately so that the slides are synchronized with the narrations you
recorded you need to connect a recording device to your system and make sure that the
microphone software is installed in it.

Steps to record narration for the slides are:

• Go to the Record Narration option on the
Slide show tab and click on it. A record
Narration dialogue box appears. it informs
you how much hard drive space you have
and calculates the maximum length of the
narration that you can record.

• Set Microphone Level to check the level of
audio input.

• Click OK to record the narration.

Regearse Timings

While creating the PowerPoint presentation, it will be difficult to choose the right timing to
give the presentation a natural flow. MS-PowerPoint has the features to rehearse timings of
the slides with audio.

Steps to rehearse timings in MS-PowerPoint are:

• Click on Rehearse Timings option on the slide Show tab. This will begin the PowerPoint
presentation but in the rehearsal dialogue box.

• Practise speaking and advance the slides
as required in the presentation but in the
rehearsal dialogue box.

• Choose whether or not to keep this
timing or try it again.

Create Speaker Notes

Speaker notes or notes pages are notes added to the presentation slides as a reference for the
presenter. Speaker Notes allows you to create notes allows you to create notes for each slide.

Information Technology–VI 117

Steps to add speaker notes are:

• Select the slide.

• Go to View tab of MS-PowerPoint
window and select Notes Page option. A
click to add text section appears below
the slide.

• Type in the notes for that slide.

Print a Presentation Know the Shortcut
There are many options available for printing a presentation. They are: Print: Ctrl + P
• Slides : Slides are like the pages of the presentation.
• Handouts : This option allows you to have more slides in a page.
• Notes Page : This includes the slides and the speaker notes.
• Outline View : This will print the outline of the presentation.

Steps to take a printout are:

• Click on the Microsoft Office Button.
A drop-down menu appears.

• Click on print option. A print
dialogue box appear on the screen.

• In the Print dialogue box, click on
the arrow next to Print.

• Choose the other options as required
and click OK to print.

• Before taking the printout you can
see its preview.

• To exit print preview, click on the Close Print Preview button.

Design Tips for an Effective Presentation:
• Slides should be of a consistent design throughout the presentation.
• Use graphics and pictures to make the presentation attractive.
• Remove unnecessary information and graphics.
• Use contrasting background and text colours.
• Use maximum three fonts for the text in a presentation.
• Keep the fonts consistent throughout the presentation.

Presentation Tips:
• Identify the critical information for your presentation.
• Use not more than 6 bullets per page.

118 Fundamentals of Computers

• Text under bullets should be short ideas, not complete sentences.

• To start the Slide-Show, click on the Slide Show button of the Presentation Views
group on the view tab.

• Use the arrow keys at the bottom of the screen to move forward or backward in a
presentation.

• Press the Escape (Esc) key to end the slide show.

• When you click on the Slide Show of Presentation Views group on view tab, a slide
opens before you on the screen. A pen tool is available for drawing on the screen with
the mouse.

• You can press Ctrl + P or click on the right mouse button at the screen. A pop-up menu
will appear. Select pointer options to choose a pen or highlighter from the list of options.
On choosing a Pen the pointer will change to a pen that allows you to draw freehand on
the screen with the help of the mouse. Press the E key to erase all pen strokes. Press Ctrl
+A to disable the pen feature and revert the pen back to a pointer arrow.

• If you would like to use the pen to draw on a blank screen during a presentation, press
the B or W key, or select Screen/Black Screen from the pop-up menu and the screen will
turn black. Press B or W again or choose Next from the pop-up menu to return to the
presentation when you have finished drawing.

• To hide the pointer or button from the screen, press the A key.

• Be sure to preview the slide show using a projector if it is required during a presentation.
Words or graphics that are close to the Edge of the screen may be cut off by the projector.

Adding Sound or Video to a Presentation:

Audio is a Sound, Video is a Making Picture and recording clips can add interest to a
presentation by drawing the audience’s attention more than a static show. Audio can be
added to slides in the form of background Music, Sound effects or recordings. Video can
also be added to a slide and Played during the presentation. This is a great way to Make
your Presentation More engaging form your audience.

Adding Audio:

Audio files can provides simple sound effects, Music Sound tracks, real-time recorded
narration. You can add audio from files on your own PC or record your own audio.

Insert Audio from a File:

• In normal view, navigate to the slide that
you want to add audio.

• Click the insert tab on the Ribbon and
then clicks the Audio button.

• From the drop-down list, within the
Media group, Select Audio on My PC.

Information Technology–VI 119

Audio on My PC : This option allows you to insert audio which is saved on your computer
as sound file.

Record Audio : This option allow you to
record external voice (your voice) with the
help of Microphone.

• The Insert Audio window will appear.
Navigate to the location of the audio file.

• Select the audio file and then click the
insert button.

• The Audio file will appear on the slide.

Previewing the Audio:
• Play/Pause : Click the Play / Pause button to run or stop the audio file.
• Timeline : They timeline will advance as the audio plays click any where on the timeline

to go to a different Place in the Audio file.
• Back : Go reverse 0.25 seconds in the audio file.
• Forward : Move ahead 0.25 seconds in the file.
• Timer : View the time for the audio file.

Record Audio:

• In Normal view, navigate the slide in which you want to add audio.

• Click the Insert tab or the Ribbon and then select Audio.

• From the drop-down list, within the Media group, select Record Audio.

The Recorder will appear. To Record Sound files,
• Type a name for the recording in the name field. you need to Play a
• Click the Record button to start the recording.
• Click the stop button when you have finished recording. Microphone into the Mic
Jack on Your Computer.

• To Preview your recording, click the Play button.

• Once you are done, click on OK button. The audio file should appear on the slide.

Deleting an Audio file:
• Navigate the slide that contains the audio which you would like to delete.
• Select the audio file icon.
• Press the Delete or Backspace key on your keyboard.

Playing Background Music:
• Select the audio file to be Played in all slides.
• On the Audio Tools Contextual tab, Select the Playback tab.

120 Fundamentals of Computers

• Click the Play in Background button.
• The audio file will now Play across all slides until you reach the end of the Presentation.
Adding Movie in the Presentation:
You can insert a stored Movie in the Presentation Slides using clip organizer or from the

saved clips.
Inserting Video Clip:
• Select the slide and click on Insert tab.
• Select video from the Media group.
• Click on Video on MY PC option from the list.

The Insert video dialog box opens.

Now, during the Slide Show, Click on the Video
icon to Play it.

Previewing A Video:

Click the Video to Select it.

• Play/Pause : Click the Play / Pause button to Preview the Video.

• Timeline : To go directly to a Specific Part of the Video, Click any where on the timeline.

• Back : Move back 0.25 seconds. • Second formats that work with
• Forward : Move forward 0.25 seconds.
Power Point include :- Wav, .MP3;
Deleting a Video: WMA, .Midi, .au and .aiff.
• Click the video to Select it.
• Press the delete or Backspace Key on your Keyboard. • Real Audio (.ra) files will not

work directly in Power Point and
will need to converted.

• The video will be removed from the slide.

Spell Check

Tocheckthespellingthroughoutapresentation:

• Go to the Review tab and click on the
Spelling button in the Proofing group. A
Spelling check box appears. Change the
spelling or ignore the suggested changes.

Information Technology–VI 121

Time for a Recall ▪ The Slide Show tab of the ribbon contains many
options for the slide show.
▪ The slide layout is the arrangement of text, images,
clipart, charts, etc. in a particular slide. ▪ A good presentation is the one in which slides
should be of a consistent design throughout the
▪ Clip art is a pre-existing art that you can add to presentation.
your slide.
▪ Use the arrow keys to move forward or backward
▪ Clipart is a library of pictures and graphics. in a presentation.
▪ The PowerPoint view modes can help you with
▪ Press the Escape (ESC) key to end the slide show.
the various presentation elements that you want to
edit. ▪ Speaker Notes can be added to allow you to create
▪ A slide transition is a visual effect that appears note for each slide.
when you move from one slide to another.
▪ Animation makes the slide show interesting and ▪ Record Narration button is used to record narration
gives a professional look. for the slides.
▪ Slide show view displays full-screen image of your
slides.

Write Icons Name : 4. .........................................
1. ......................................... 5. .........................................
6. .........................................
2. .........................................
3. .........................................

A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) :

1. Arrangement of text, graphics, images, etc. in a slide.

(a) Clipart (b) Animation (c) Slide layout

2. Number of layouts provided in PowerPoint.

(a) Two (b) Nine (c) Slide Layout

3. The pre-existing images in PowerPoint.

(a) Clip art (b) Images (c) Background

122 Fundamentals of Computers

4. Visual effect that appears when you move from one slide to another.

(a) Transition (b) Animation (c) Lay

5. The view that change the order of slide.

(a) Outline view (b) Slide Sorter View (c) Slide View

6. Notes page is for

(a) Speaker notes (b) Handouts (c) Slide show

7. Which is the short-cut command to print a slide?

(a) Ctrl +Alt + P (b) Ctrl + P (c) Ctrl + Print

8. Which option (s) can be used to get the printout of a PowerPoint?

(a) Slide (b) Handout (c) Both a and b

9. Which is not correct about an effective slide show?

(a) Use graphics

(b) Use complete sentences

(c) Use consistent design for all slides

1 0. _______________________ are like the pages of the presentation.

(a) Handouts (b) Notes page (c) Slides

B. State True and False for the following statements :

1. Clip art feature is used to animate the object in a slide. _____

2. You cannot change the background of the slide. _____

3. There are many ways to view your presentation. _____

4. Slide Show view displays miniatures of your slides. _____

5. Transition is used to insert images in the slide. _____

C. Fill In The Blanks :

1. ____________ button is used to end the slide show.
2. To start the presentation, click ____________ on the Presentation Views group on the ____________ tab.
3. ____________ button is used to record narration for the slides.
4. To exit print preview, click on the ____________ button.
5. Tocheckthespellingthroughoutapresentation,clickontheSpellingbuttoninthe________________________

group on the ____________ tab.
6. ____________ makes the slide show interesting and gives a professional look.
7. To hide the ____________ or ____________ from the screen, press the A key.

D. Short Answer Questions :
1. How many inbuilt layouts are available in MS-PowerPoint ?
2. Name the view that displays full screen image of your slides.
3. Name the pre-existing art that you can add to your slide.
4. What is slide layout?

Information Technology–VI 123

E. Long Answer Questions :
1. Define placeholder.
2. What are the different views of PowerPoint? Explain them.
3. What is a Clip Art?
4. What is animation? How is it different from transition?
5. How will you use a Pen tool while presenting a slide?
6. List out the steps to create the speaker notes.
7. List out the steps to record a narration for the slide show.
8. Illustrate the steps to print the presentation.
9. List out some important things to keep in mind for an effective presentation.

In the Lab

1. Open the PowerPoint and create a presentation on the topic ‘Obey Traffic Rules’ A presentation should
contain at least 10 slides and use different layouts, background, image and give animation and transition to
your presentation.

2. Collect the relevant information on the topic ‘London 2012 Olympics’ and design and animate the presentation
of at least 10 slides.

3. Create a PowerPoint presentation of tsunami and add speaker notes, and animation effect in it.
4. Create a PowerPoint presentation on your school’s Sports Day. Add pictures of your friends participating in

the sports.
5. Create a slide. The presentation should include the following slides:
(a) A title slide. Use fonts of your choice for title.
(b) Apply background to the slide.
(c) Type your subject’s name and their teachers at different levels.
(d) Apply bullets, colors for all levels.
(e) Apply different animation effects to the text.
(f) Add different WordArt text of your choice to each slide.
(e) Add different Slide transition for each slide.

Group Discussion

Divide the class into groups and discuss the following topics:

1. Placeholders 2. Slides

3. Slide Sorter View and Slide Show View 4. Slide Transition

5. Animation Effects

124 Fundamentals of Computers

Project Work

1. Prepare a slide master for a presentation on your class. Using the slide master, create each slide for a
yourclassmates with the information like their name, father’s name, Height, Weight, Address, Phone Number.
Save your file.

2. Prepare a presentation on units of measurement. Your presentation should indicate different units of
measurement and their conversion factors when you measure length, time and temperature. Indicate the
unit of measurement in each case. Add proper animation effects and proper fills to depict high and low
units.

3. Prepare a presentation on the Indian states. Using information available on internet, make sure you list
down the respective languages, area, and population. Use different fonts, colors and formatting effects for
the text.

4. Create a slide show on the subject of geometric shapes. Use graphics drawn from clip art or created in a
Drawing or Painting environment. Use the Hidden Slide feature and Action Buttons to ask questions about
the geometric shapes.

Educate your students ONLINE

1. www.artofpresentations.com/placeholder-in-powerpoint
2. www.electricteacher.com/tutorial3.htm
3. www.customguide.com/powerpoint/powerpoint-transitions
4. www.24slides.com/presentbetter/slide-transitions-animations

Information Technology–VI 125

8 HTML

Learning Objectives: ▪ Uses of HTML ▪ HTML Tags
▪ Container Tags
▪ Introduction to HTML
▪ Empty Tags

Introduction

HTML is a Markup language which is used by the browser to Manipulate text images and
other content to display it in required format.

Facts

Markup refers to a sequence of characters or other Symbols that are inserted in a text document. They indicate
now a document should be structured Hyper text Markup language (HTML) is a language used to develop
web pages.

HTML : It stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is a complete code package that
allows the user to create Web Pages.

Hyper Text : Hyper text is the text used to link various web Pages. It is the text on a Web
Page.

Markup : It means highlighting the text letters by underlining or displaying it in different
colors.

Language : It refers to the way of communication between web Pages, which has its own &
rules.

Uses of HTML

HTML or Hyper text Markup language, is used to create web by formatting text as titles and
headings, to arrange graphics on a webpage, to link to different pages within a website, and
to link to different website.

Basics of an HTML document
In a web page, to display a text in italics mode, you simply mark it in the following way:
<i>This is in italics </i>

126 HTML

Here, the text enclosed within <i> and </i> markers appears in italics mode.
<b>This is in Bold </b>

Similarly, the text enclosed within <b> and </b> markers appears in bold mode.
<u>This is Underline </u>

And, the text enclosed within <u> and </u> markers appears in underline mode.

Structure of a HTML document

Designing an HTML document requires you to follow some basic rules that provide a
generalized structurethat helps in displaying the document on any kind of web browser.

The code written for an HTML has eight structure tags: <HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE>,
<BODY>, </BODY>, </TITLE>, </HEAD>, </HTML>. These tags are used in creating
a HTML document in the following order—

1. A HTML document always starts with a <HTML> tag that declares the start of a HTML
document.

2. <HEAD> tag is used to start the head section that contains text and tags that do no appear
directly in the main browser window.

3. The title of a document comes under head section, and is displayed at the top of the
window in title bar. We use <TITLE> tag to specify the title of a document.

4. We use an end tag to close the title. All end tags start with a slash (/). To be able to view
our document, every start tag should possess an end tag. We use </TITLE> tag to specify
an end of the title. For e.g.,

<title>Title of page</title>

5. To end the head section, we use </HEAD> tag. For e.g.,
<head><title>Title of page</title></head>

6. We will now declare the start of the body section. We use <BODY> tag. This body section
contains text and tags that appear in the main browser window. For e.g.,

<body> This is my first homepage.

<p><b>This text is Bold </b></p>

<p><i>This text is Italics </i></p>

<p><u>This text is Underline </u></p>

</body>

7. We can now write the text of our document. After completing the text, we close the body
section with </BODY> tag.

8. To end the HTML document, we use </HTML> tag. It indicates that the document is
complete now.

A very simple rule of nesting tags is that the most recently opened tags must be closed
first and vice-versa.

Information Technology–VI 127

HTML Elements

An element is a fundamental component of the structure of a text document. A HTML
document helps us to know the structure of the document. The elements are the commands
of HTML which are executed by the browser.

Each HTML element has a particular syntax. As HTML is a markup language, that intends

to markup (or identify) the logical components (for e.g., paragraphs, headers, lists) of a

document. To denote various elements in a Start Contents End
HTML document, you use tags. A HTML tag
consists of three parts: a left angle bracket (<), a <B> This text is bold </B>

tag name, and a right angle bracket (>). A HTML Parts of a HTML element: Start tag, Contents and End tag
element consists of three parts:

Tags are usually paired Important: HTML Tags
(<B> and </B>) to start and ü HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements.
end the tag instruction. The ü HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and >.
end tag looks just like the ü The surrounding characters are called angle brackets.
start tag except that a slash ü HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>.
(/) precedes the text within ü The first tag in a pair is the start tag, & the second tag is the end tag.
brackets. ü The text between the start and end tags is the element content.
ü HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>.

However, for some HTML elements it is not necessary to have an end tag. e.g., the paragraph
element, <P> is written to indicate the beginning of a paragraph. Similarly, the horizontal rule
element <HR> that creates a horizontal line. Such elements are known as empty elements
and have no end tag as well.

Markup Tags HTML
Head Section Body Section
The most important tags in HTML are tags that define
headings, paragraphs and line breaks. Title Section Other tags &
Contents
<HTML> and </HTML>Tag
Sequence of tags
The file extension .html or .htm and presence of this element
indicates that it is a HTML document. All HTML documents
are contained within <HTML> and </HTML>. It contains two
parts—HEAD section and BODY section.

<HEAD> and </HEAD> Tag

The head element identifies your HTML coded document that contains the title of the
document, author and any other information about the document. All HTML documents
should contain <HEAD> and </HTML>. The text and tags included in this section do not
appear directly in the main browser window.

<TITLE> and </TITLE> Tag Title of a HTML document

The title element contains the title of your document. The title
is displayed in the title bar at the top of the browser window.

128 HTML

A title is also used to identify your page for search engines.

<BODY> and </BODY> Tag

The second and largest part of a HTML document is its bodythat contains the content of

your document. The text and tags A tag is a text string used in HTML to identify a page element’s
included in body section appear type, format and appearance. Many elements have start and

directly in the main browser end tags that define where the element starts and stops.

window. It starts with an opening An element defines what the tag does for the web browser.
<BODY> tag and ends with a </ An attribute extends the element with options, or source
BODY> tag. Body elements are information Some attributes are required for some tags.
divided into following categories: The value of an attribute, such as the location of a source file,
alignment option, sizing information, etc. An attribute’s value

Block Level elements, Text Level follows the equals sign.

elements and Body Attributes.

<BODY>Attributes

<BODY>tagattributesenhancesappearanceofaHTMLdocument.Wecandefinebackground,
foreground images, colors for text and links of a page, so that a HTML document looks more
attractive when these attributes beautify a page. These six body attributes are:

• Background Color (BGCOLOR): We can add Color Sequences 008000 : Green
colors in a HTML document by specifying the 000000 : Black 008080 : Teal
name of the color or by using a RGB code. The 000080 : Navy FFFF00 : Yellow
most common 16 default colors identified by C0C0C0 : Silver 00FFFF : Aqua
browsers are—Black, Silver, Gray, White, Maroon, 0000FF : Blue 800000 : Maroon
Red, Purple, Fuchsia, Green, Lime, Olive, Yellow, FF0000 : Red 800080 : Purple
Navy, Blue, Teal and Aqua. 808000 : Olive 00FF00 : Lime
808080 : Gray FFFFFF : White
For e.g., the following code specifies black color to FF00FF : Fuchsia
the background:

<html>

<head><title>Title of page</title></head>

<body BGCOLOR=MAROON>

</body>

</html>

RGB code is a color code and it stands for RED, GREEN Maroon Color added to the background of a

and BLUE. It comprises of a total of six digits, with each of HTML document

the two digits indicating the composition of Red, Green and Blue. By mixing these three

colors we get our desired color.

• Background Image (BACKGROUND): Similar, to adding colors to the background of
a document, you can use an image as the background of a page. Newer versions of web
browsers can load an image and use it as a background. Using a tiling feature, browser
uploads an image and repeats it across and down to fill your browser window.

Information Technology–VI 129

The attribute to include a background image is written in
following way:

<html>
<head><title>Title of page</title></head>
<body background=”014.jpg”>
</body>

</html>

• Body Text (TEXT): The TEXT attribute in <BODY> tag, sets

the color of a foreground text color of html document. For An image is included as background of a HTML
document
e.g., to specify a color to foreground text in a document

we use following statement:

<BODY BGCOLOR=#000000 TEXT=#FFFFFF>

The attribute to set the color or a foreground text is written in following way:

<html>

<head><title>Title of page</title></head>

<body BGCOLOR=YELLOW TEXT=#000000>This is my

first homepage.

<p><b>This text is Bold </b></p>

<p><i>This text is Italics </i></p>

<p><u>This text is Underline </u></p>

</body> Specified Black text on yellow background of a
</html> HTML document

• Color the link (LINK): The LINK attribute in <BODY>

specifies the color of a hyperlink. Most browsers use the default color of links as blue

(#0000FF).

<BODY BGCOLOR=#000000 TEXT=#FFFFFF LINK=#9690CC>

However, you change the color of hyperlinks. For e.g.:

<html>

<head><title>Title of page</title></head>

<body BGCOLOR=#000000 TEXT=#FFFFFF LINK=#9690CC>

Designing my first homepage. You can click on <A Specifies Blue colored link with white text on black
HREF=”http: //www.jiwanpublishinghouse.com”> background of a HTML document
www. jiwanpublishinghouse.com </A>

</body>

</html>

• Specify left margin (LEFTMARGIN): The LEFTMARGIN attribute in <BODY> specifies
number of pixels to be left before making the text appear in a document.

<BODY BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF TEXT=#000000 LEFTMARGIN=75>

You can change the left margin from where the text will appear in a document. For e.g.:

130 HTML

<html> Usage of LEFTMARGIN attribute of BODY tag
<head><title>Title of page</title></head>
<body BGCOLOR=GREEN TEXT=WHITE LEFTMARGIN=75>
Designing my first homepage. You can click on

<A HREF=”http: //www.jphbooks.com”>
www.jphbooks.com </A>
<p><b>This text is bold </b></p>
<p><i>This text is Italics </i></p>
<p><u>This text is Underline </u></p>
</body>

</html>

• Specify top margin (TOPMARGIN): The TOPMARGIN attribute in <BODY> specifies
number of pixels below which the text is to appear in a document.

<BODY BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF TEXT=#000000 LEFTMARGIN=75 TOPMARGIN=100>

You can change the top margin below which the text would appear in a document. For e.g.:

<html> Usage of TOPMARGIN attribute of BODY tag
<head><title>Title of page</title></head>
<body BGCOLOR=AQUA TEXT=WHITE LEFTMARGIN=50

TOPMARGIN=50>
Designing my first homepage. You can click on

<A HREF=”http: //www.jphbooks.com”>
www.jphbooks.com </A>
<p><b>This text is bold </b></p>
<p><i>This text is Italics </i></p>
<p><u>This text is Underline </u></p>
</body>
</html>

Changing the Fonts

Font element is used to change fonts and its attributes. <FONT> and </FONT> tags are used
for the font element.

<FONT>Attributes

Font element consists of three attributes COLOR, SIZE, and FACE.

• Change the Font Color (COLOR): The COLOR attribute in <FONT> specifies display
color for the text enclosed within <FONT> and </FONT> tags.

<FONT COLOR=RED> TEXT COLOR CHANGED TO RED </FONT>

For e.g.: Changing color of the font used in a HTML file

<html>
<head><title>Title of page</title></head>
<body> This is my first homepage.
<p><font color=RED><b>This is bold text in

red </b></p></font>
<p><font color=GREEN><i>This is italics text

in green </i></p></font>

Information Technology–VI 131

<p><font color=BLUE><u>This is Underline text in blue </u></p></font>
</body>
</html>

• Change the Font Size (SIZE): The SIZE attribute in <FONT> specifies the size of a font
to be displayed for the text enclosed within <FONT> and </FONT> tag. The smallest font
size is 1 and the largest is 7.

<FONT COLOR=RED SIZE=7> TEXT SIZE CHANGED </FONT>

For e.g.:

<html>

<head><title>Title of page</title></head>

<body>

<p><font SIZE=7> Font size testing : 7 </

p></font>

<p><font SIZE=6> Font size testing : 6 </

p></font>

<p><font SIZE=5> Font size testing : 5 </

p></font> Changing size of the font used in a HTML file
<p><font SIZE=4> Font size testing : 4 </

p></font>

<p><font SIZE=3> Font size testing : 3 </p></font>

<p><font SIZE=2> Font size testing : 2 </p></font>

<p><font SIZE=1> Font size testing : 1 </p></font>

</body>

</html>

• Change the Font Face (FACE): The FACE attribute in <FONT> allows you to change the
typeface of the font used to display the text enclosed within <FONT> and </FONT> tag.

<FONT COLOR=RED SIZE=7 FACE=TAHOMA> TEXT SIZE CHANGED </FONT>

For e.g.:

<html>

<head><title>Title of page</title></head>

<body>

<p><font SIZE=5 FACE=TAHOMA> Font face : TAHOMA</p></font>

<p><font SIZE=5 FACE=Albertus> Font face : Albertus</p></font>

<p><font SIZE=5 FACE=ARIAL> Font face : ARIAL</p></font>

<p><font SIZE=5 FACE=Helvetica 95> Font

face : Helvetica 95</p></font>

<p><font SIZE=5 FACE=Arial Rounded MT Bold>

Font face : Arial Rounded MT Bold </p></

font>

<p><font SIZE=5 FACE=Times New Roman> Font

face : Times New Roman </p></font>

</body>

</html> Changing face of the font used in a HTML file

132 HTML

Block Level Elements

Block level elements include tags for handling forms, positioning of text, tables, heading,
paragraphs, etc.

Headline Tags

For writing a HomePage using HTML, we write heading and sub-heading of a page. It has
six levels of headings, numbered 1 through 6. The largest is 1 and the smallest is 6. Headings
are typically displayed in larger and/or bolder fonts than normal body text. The first heading
in each document should be tagged <H1>.

Similarly, the other heading tags are from <H1>, <H2>, <H3>, <H4>, <H5> and <H6>. The
corresponding ending tags are </H1>, </H2>, </H3>, </H4>, </H5> and </H6>.

The syntax of the heading element is:

Syntax: <Hn Attributes>Text of heading </Hn>

where n is a number between 1 and 6 specifying the level of the heading and attributes can
be ALIGN that can assume the values of RIGHT, LEFT, CENTER.

<html> Usage of HEADINGS from H1 .... H6 in a HTML file
<head>
<title>Title of page
</title>
</head>
<body>
<H1> HTML 1 Heading</H1>
<H2> HTML 2 Heading</H2>
<H3> HTML 3 Heading</H3>
<H4> HTML 4 Heading</H4>
<H5> HTML 5 Heading</H5>
<H6> HTML 6 Heading</H6>
</body>
</html>

Information Technology–VI 133

Time for a Recall markup (or identify) the logical components (for
e.g., paragraphs, headers, lists) of a document.
▪ The code written for an HTML has eight structure
tags: <HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE>, <BODY>, </ ▪ A HTML tag consists of three parts: a left angle
BODY>, </TITLE>, </HEAD>, </HTML>. bracket (<), a tag name, and a right angle bracket
(>). A HTML element consists of three parts: Start
▪ A HTML document always starts with a <HTML> tag, Contents and End tag
tag that declares the start of a HTML document.
▪ The horizontal rule element <HR> that creates a
▪ <HEAD> tag is used to start the head section that horizontal line and are known as empty elements
contains text and tags that do no appear directly in that have no end tag.
the main browser window.
▪ The file extension .html or .htm and presence
▪ Use <TITLE>tag to specify the title of a document. of <HTML>element indicates that it is a HTML
document.
▪ All end tags start with a slash (/). Use </TITLE> tag
to specify an end of the title. ▪ Body elements are divided into following categories:
Block Level elements, Text Level elements and Body
▪ Use <BODY> tag to include text and tags that Attributes.
appear in the main browser window and close is
with </BODY> tag. ▪ Headline tagssix levels of headings, numbered
1 through 6. The largest is 1 and the smallest is 6.
▪ An element is a fundamental component of These are denoted by <H1>, <H2>, <H3>, <H4>,
the structure of a text document that provides <H5> and <H6>.
commands of HTML which are executed by the
browser.

▪ As HTML is a markup language, that intends to

Tick (ü) on Empty tags (b) <BR>
(a) <HEAD> (d) <HR>
(c) <TITLE>

A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) :

1. Where do we find the <title> tag in a HTML code?

(a) Head (b) room (c) body
(c)<HR>
2. Which is a example of empty tag. (c) <Base>
(c) h1
(a) <Head> (b) <Title> (c) a and b

3. Which is a example of container tag?

(a) <HR> (b) <BR>

4. Choose the correct HTML tag for largest heading? HTML

(a) <heading> (b) <h6>

5. The extension given to a web page is .................. ?

(a) .html (b) .htm

134

6. Which tag declares the start of a HTML document?

(a) <HEAD> (b) <HTML> (c) <TITLE>

7. Which tag is used to start the head section that do no appear directly in the main browser window?

(a) <HEAD> (b) <HTML> (c) <TITLE>

8. All end tags start with which character?

(a) # (b) \ (c) /

9. The horizontal rule element creates

(a) Horizontal bar (b) Horizontal line (c) Horizontal circle

10. The file extension of a HTML document is

(a) htlf (b) htmd (c) .htm

B. State True and False for the following statements : _____
_____
1. <BR> is an empty tag. _____
2. HTML Files have to be created using window’s notepad. _____
3. The top Margin attribute is given in the <Title> tag of the HTML document. _____
4. The Heading levels are Part of the <HEAD> tag. _____
5. HTML code is not case Sensitive. _____
6. The code written for an HTML has six structure tags.
7. A HTML document always starts with a <HTML> tag that declares the start of a _____
HTML document. _____
8. All end tags start with a slash (\). _____
9. A HTML element consists of three parts: Start tag, Contents and End tag. _____
10. The <HR>tag that creates a hollow ruler bar.
11. The file extension .html or .htm and presence of <HTML>element indicates that it is a
HTML document.

C. Fill In The Blanks :

1. HTML Stands for ____________ .
2. An HTML documents has two distinct Parts ____________ and ____________ .
3. ____________ is an empty tag.
4. ____________ tag identifies the documents as an HTML document.
5. A HTML document always starts with a ____________ tag.
6. ____________ tag contains text and tags that do no appear directly in the main browser window
7. Use ____________ tag to specify the title of a document.
8. The text enclosed within <i> and </i> markers appears in ____________mode.
9. ____________ attribute specifies the name of the color or by using a RGB code.
1 0. ____________ attribute specifies the name of the document to be used as an image for the background of

a page.

Information Technology–VI 135

D. Short Answer Questions :

1. What is HTML ?

2. Who is the Creator of HTML

3. Explain uses of HTML?

4. Define HTML Tags.

5. Define two types of HTML Tags ?

6. Define <HTML>, <BODY>, <HEAD>, <TITLE>?

7. Define container tags?

8. Define empty tags?

9. Describe the use of the following:

(i) <HTML (ii) <HEAD> (iii) <BODY>
(vi) <P>
(iv) <HR> (v) <B>
(iii) Empty Tags
(vii) <H1> (viii) <U> (vi) BACKGROUND
(ix) LEFTMARGIN
1 0. What do you understand by element of a HTML document?

E. Long Answer Questions :

1. Discuss in details regarding the structure of a HTML document.

2. Describe the following:

(i) HTML Tags (ii) Container Tags

(iv) Body Attributes (v) BGCOLOR

(vii) TEXT (viii) LINK

(x) TOPMARGIN

3. List down the sequence of tags used to create a HTML document.

4. How will you change the fonts in a HTML document?

5. What are the different attributes of FONT tag?

6. How will you use the headline tags? Explain.

In the Lab

1. Create a web page with list of names of your family members with reference to their relationship to you.
2. Create a web page with list of names of your classmates, with their addresses.
3. Create a web page with a hyperlink in it that has yellow color, when you click on it the color should change

to red.

136 HTML

Group Discussion

Divide the class into groups and discuss the following topics:

1. Hyper Text Markup Language 2. Elements and Attributes

3. Container and Empty Tags 4. Size and Face

Project Work

1. Create a new HTML document.

Why Mail Merge?

Let us now consider the situation which requires the service of mail merge. Suppose the Delhi University has
decided to notify individually all students who have qualified for its post graduation correspondence course.
This means the Delhi University is essentially sending the same letter of intimation to all students except the
name and address, which keeps on changing for each address.

One simpler answer is to create a letter with WordStar edit facility and make as many copies of letter in the
computer as the number of students, and edit each letter to insert individual addresses of each student and
print each file using normal WordStar print command. But this means if the letters are to be posted to say
2,000 students, then it means to create 2,000 different letters. But this is a very tedious job, and the chances
of making mistakes are a bit on a higher side.

However, Mail Merge gives you freedom to do this job quite efficiently without any tiresome efforts. How?

The Mail Merge program is a separate tool that works with WordStar to produce repetitive documents.

It gives the flexibility while sending letter and then personalize each copy of it with information, such as
names, address, dates, etc., that can be entered and maintained in a separate non-document file called the
data file.

Contact us: Mailing Department

(a) Save the document as MAIL.HTM. (b) Convert the first line to the heading of the text.

(c) Insert a picture of your choice after the heading.

(d) Align the picture towards top, center with respect to the text.

(e) Change the font to TAHOMA. (f) Change the heading font to ARIAL.

(g) Underline the heading.

2. Create a web page with list of names of your family members.

Educate your students ONLINE

1. w ww.w3schools.com/htmL/html_basic.asp
2. www.javatpoint.com/html-elements
3. www.tutorialspoint.com/html/index.htm
4. www.html.com

Information Technology–VI 137

Formative Assessment – 3

(Based on Chapter 7 to 8)

Class 6 : COMPUTER Date: _______________
Max. Marks: 30 Max. Time: 30 Min

A. Fill In The Blanks : 1 x 10 = 10
1. ____________ button is used to end the slide show.
2. ____________ button is used to record narration for the slides.
3. To exit print preview, click on the ____________ button.
4. ____________ makes the slide show interesting and gives a professional look.
5. HTML Stands for ____________ .
6. ____________ tag identifies the documents as an HTML document.
7. A HTML document always starts with a ____________ tag.
8. ____________ tag contains text and tags that do no appear directly in the main browser window
9. The text enclosed within <i> and </i> markers appears in ____________mode.
10. ____________attribute specifies the name of the color or by using a RGB code.

B. State True and False for the following: 0.5 x 10 = 5

1. You cannot change the background of the slide. _____

2. Slide Show view displays miniatures of your slides. _____

3. <BR> is an empty tag. _____

4. HTML Files have to be created using window’s notepad. _____

5. The Heading levels are Part of the <HEAD> tag. _____

6. HTML code is not case Sensitive. _____

7. All end tags start with a slash (\). _____

8. A HTML element consists of three parts: Start tag, Contents and End tag. _____

9. The <HR>tag that creates a hollow ruler bar. _____

10. The file extension .html or .htm and presence of <HTML> element indicates that it is a HTML document. _____

C. Multiple Choice Questions. Tick the correct answer: 0.5 x 10 = 5

1. A rrangement of text, graphics, images, etc. in a slide.

(a) Clipart (b) Animation (c) Slide layout
(c) Lay
2. Visual effect that appears when you move from one slide to another. (c) Slide View
(c) Slide show
(a) Transition (b) Animation

3. The view that change the order of slide.

(a) Outline view (b) Slide Sorter View

4. Notes page is for

(a) Speaker notes (b) Handouts

138 138 HTML

5. _ ______________________ are like the pages of the presentation.

(a) Handouts (b) Notes page (c) Slides
(c) <HR>
6. Which is a example of empty tag. (c) h1
(c) <TITLE>
(a) <Head> (b) <Title> (c) /
(c) .htm
7. Choose the correct HTML tag for largest heading?

(a) <heading> (b) <h6>

8. W hich tag declares the start of a HTML document?

(a) <HEAD> (b) <HTML>

9. A ll end tags start with which character?

(a) # (b) \

10. The file extension of a HTML document is

(a) htlf (b) htmd

D. Define the following in 1 line: 1x5=5
1. Slides 1 x 5 = 5
2. Placeholder
3. <BODY>
4. ClipArt
5. <HR>

E. Very Short Answer Questions:
1. What is the use of <HTML> tag in a html file?
2. Differentiate between <HEAD> tag and Heading tags?
3. What is meant by an empty tag?
4. How will you underline the text in ahtml file?
5. How will you change the font color of the text used in a html file?

Information Technology–VI 139 139

9 Web Browser,
Networking &

More about Internet

Learning Objectives: ▪ Know about Web Page ▪ Search Engine
▪ Social Media ▪ Computer Network
▪ Introduction to Web Browsers ▪ Know about Internet ▪ How Internet Works
▪ E-mail
▪ Types of Internet Connection

Introduction

We have already know that Internet is a computer network made up of thousands of
networks worldwide. To work on Internet, we need a program called Web Browser installed
on computer. Let's discuss about web browser and how to use it to surf on Net.

What is Internet? History of Internet

An Internet is a global collection of high- The Department of Defence of United States of America, had
powered computers connected to each set up a network called ARPANET (Advanced Research
other with network cables, telephone Projects Agency Network) in 1969. They connected a
lines, satellites, etc.Internet is a network computer in California with the others in Utah.
of networks of approximately many
million computers that make up an To take further advantage of the highspeed communications
Internet. Each one of those computers offered by ARPANET, some organizations decided to
stores a huge amount of information connect their networks to ARPANET. In 1986, National
and ideas to be shared with others and Science Foundation (NSF) connected its huge network of five
search for required information on any supercomputer centres called NSFNET.
topic.
Over the period of rapid developments and advancements,
the configuration of complex networks and hosts came into
being and the network grew bigger and bigger and became
the INTERNET.

Facts

Internet is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government
networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies.

The Internet provides different online services. Some examples include:
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser,
• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online,
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and

videos,

140 Web Browser, Networking & More about Internet

• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the
Internet,

• Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically downloaded
from the Internet.

In the early days, people connected to the Internet using a home computer with a dial-up
modem. DSL and cable modems eventually provided users with "always-on" connections.
Now with mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones, people are connected to Internet
at all times.

Difference between Internet and Intranet

Generally, most people get confused between the internet and the intranet.

• Internet: Internet is used to connect the different networks of computers simultaneously.
It is a public network therefore anyone can access the internet. On the internet, there are
multiple users and it provides an unlimited of information to the users.

• Intranet: Intranet is the type of internet that is used privately. It is a private network
therefore anyone can’t access the intranet. On the intranet, there is a limited number of
users and it provides a piece of limited information to its users.

S.No Internet Intranet

1. Internet is used to connect different networks Intranet is owned by private firms.
of computers simultaneously.

2. On the internet, there are multiple users. On an intranet, there are limited users.

3. Internet is unsafe. Intranet is safe.

4. On the internet, there is more number of In the intranet, there is less number of

visitors. visitors.

5. Internet is a public network. Intranet is a private network.

6. Anyone can access the Internet. In this, anyone can’t access the Intranet.

7. The Internet provides unlimited information. Intranet provides limited information.

8. Using Social media on your phone or A company used to communicate

researching resources via Google. internally with its employees and share

information

World Wide Web (WWW) English scientist Sir Timothy Berners-Lee invented

The World Wide Web (WWW), usually known the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first
web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN near
as the Web, is a collection of information systems Geneva, Switzerland.  The browser was released

where documents and other web resources are outside CERN to other research institutions
identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs, starting in January 1991, and then to the general
such as https://example.com/), which may be public in August 1991.

interlinked by hyperlinks, and are accessible over the Internet.The resources of the Web

are transferred via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), may be accessed by users by

a software application called a web browser, and are published by a software application

called a web server.

Information Technology–VI 141

A Web is a collection of different websites you can access through the Internet.

Web Site

A site or website is a central location of web pages that are related text, images, and other
resources accessed by visiting the home page of the website using a browser. For example,
the website address URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is https://www.india.com. Websites
resembles other forms of media—like newspaper articles or television programs—or they
can be interactive in a way that's unique to computers.

T o view a website requires a browser (e.g., Internet Explorer, Edge, Safari, Firefox, or Chrome).
For example, you are reading this web page using a browser. On most websites, you read
the information contained on each web page, follow the links by clicking or tapping on
them, listen to music, watch videos, shop, communicate, and much more on many websites.

Facts

A website (also known as web site or site) is a collection of interconnected web pages and related content
that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server. Various examples
are: google.com, amazon.com, etc.

Protocol Subdomain Domain and domain Folders & Subfolders Webpage name

Web Address suffix

Website address

A web address, also known as a URL (uniform resource locator), is an Internet or intranet

name that points to a location where a file, directory or website page is hosted. Website

addresses can represent the home page of a web site, a script, image, photo, movie or other

file made available on a server for viewing, processing or download.

address for the network (website) subfolder

http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/11-697_d1o2.pdf

top level domain folder PDF file in the subfolder
Web address

The various components of web address are:

• Protocol: It defines how your browser handles the data and what type of connection is
established. Common protocols include Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for accessing
web pages or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).

• Domain Name: It is the unique identifier for the website on the internet. They can be
typed in upper or lowercase as they are not case significant.

• Domain Extension: It is used to denote what type of website it is. For example, a government
website ends in the extension ".gov" while an education website might end in ".edu."
The ".com" extension used to denote a commercial website, but there are also non-profit

142 Web Browser, Networking & More about Internet

organizations that use The standard top-level domain list
the ".org" extension. ü .com® Commercial Business. ü .edu ® Educational Institutions.
The extension is also ü .gov ® Government agencies. ü .mil ® Military.
used to indicate the ü .net ® Networks organization. ü .org ® Organizations (Non-profit).
location of the website ü .aero ® Air-transport industry. ü .biz ® Businesses.
such as ".uk" for the ü .coop ® Cooperatives. ü .info ® Unrestricted Use.
United Kingdom and ü .museum ® Museums
".fr" for France. ü .pro ® Accountants, Lawyers, physicians and other professionals.
ü .tv ® Television.

• Path & Filename: The path is case sensitive and indicates to your browser which folder or file
to open. When no path is specified, the index.html or "Home Page" file is shown. In the above
example, the path is the "/opinions/12pdf/" part while "11-697_d1o2.pdf" is the filename.

Web Pages

The information on Internet is stored on Websites and each website has got a unique address
through which it can be accessed. Each website comprises of different web pages.

A web page or webpage is a document that may contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks
to other web pages and files, commonly written in HTML that is viewed in an Internet
browser. A web page can be accessed by entering a URL address into a browser's address
bar. The web pages are of following types:

• Home Page: The homepage or homepage Home Page

is the name of the main page of a website

where visitors find hyperlinks to other pages Main Page 1 Main Page 2 Main Page 3
on the site. By default, the homepage on all

web servers is index.html; however, it can

also be index.htm, index. Opening Internet Page 1 Page 2 Page 1 Page 2 Page 1 Page 2

Explorer displays the Microsoft’s web server Web pages in a website

(www.msn.com). You can define your own home page so that on connecting to Internet,

the home page automatically opens up.

• Main Page: To reach these pages, hyperlinks are placed on home page. These links can be
in the form of a blue-colour text or an images. If information to be included in a website
cannot be accommodated on main page, you create other hyperlinks to different pages
that contain the desired information.

• Other Page: These pages are opened through the hyperlinks placed on the main page of
a website. These pages may or may not contain hyperlinks that link to other pages.

All web pages are comprised of two components: hypertext and hyperlinks.

Hypertext is a text that links to other information. Hypertext documents are interconnected
by hyperlinks, which are typically activated by a mouse click, key press set, or by touching
the screen.

A hyperlink, or a link, is a reference to data in the form of an icon, graphic, or text that links
to another file or object that the user can follow by clicking or tapping. A hyperlink points to

Information Technology–VI 143

a whole document or to a specific element within a document. Blue
The text that is linked from is called anchor text.Hyperlinks hyperlink
are what allow web pages to connect to other web pages.
Hand Mouse
When you click, tap, or select a hyperlink, the browser leaves Cursor
the current page you are viewing and opens the link for the
new page. If you have already viewed a page, the colour of Hyperlink not yet visited
link should appear to be blue. However, the colour of the
hyperlink becomes purple when you've visited the page. Visited
hyperlink

Web Browsers Visited Hyperlink

Browsers, short for Web browser, is a software application used to enable computer users to
locate and access Web pages on Internet. Surfing the Web is made possible by Web browser.

When you want any information from Internet, the Web browsers connect to the Web
server and request for the information required. The Web server receives the information
and displays it on the computer screen. A web browser or Internet browser, a browser is
software program to present and explore content on the World Wide Web.

The starting page of a browser is called a home page, and most browsers have a bookmark
feature that lets you store links to your favorite sites.

Types of Web Browsers

Today there are different Web browsers that supports different types of technologies and
programming languages. Here is the list of top 5 Web browsers available to us for free
download on the Internet.

• Internet Explorer : The most popular Web browser, created and maintained
by Microsoft. It is intended for computers running Microsoft Windows. If
your computer is running Windows, then your default Web browser is most
likely Internet Explorer. It comes with all versions of Windows, due to which
it is the most popular browser in use to. Microsoft Edge is a web browser
created and developed by Microsoft that was first released for Windows 10 in 2015 and
replaced Internet Explorer on Windows 7 and later versions.

• Mozilla's Firefox : If you use Windows or Max OS X, you can Download and
install the Firefox Web browser free of cost. Users of Firefox typically rate
this software as the best Web browser In terms of speed and ease of use.

• Mac Safari : It is a Web browser originally designed for use on Macintosh
computers. It comes with all Versions of Mac operating systems. If you use
Windows, you can download and install the Windows version of Safari.

• Opera : It is a Web browser compatible with more operating systems than any
other Website browser. Currently it is said to be used more for commercial use
than personal use.

144 Web Browser, Networking & More about Internet

• Google Chrome : Google Chrome is a freeware web browser developed by Google.
Google Chrome uses an entirely unique interface and offers other features to make the
web faster, safer and easier.

Working on a browser Microsoft Edge
To start Microsoft Edge, do any of the following:
• Click on Microsoft Edge icon on the desktop or taskbar.
• Click Start button and choose Microsoft Edge.

Microsoft Edge Browser

1. Click in the Address bar to select as shown here. Address bar
Or Type in the new URL, as shown in figure.

2. Press the Enter key on your keyboard. Address bar

3. Now wait for some time till the web site is downloaded on your computer screen.

The status bar might display different messages and might take less than a minute or
even more for a page to appear. Once the entire page is downloaded, it will be displayed
on screen in this window and the stop button on the toolbar changes into the refresh
button.

Navigating through recently visited sites

1. Back Button : This button takes you back to the page you have recently visited. If you
are visiting the very first web page, then this button is disabled.

2. Forward Button : This button takes to the page from which you have recently clicked
the back button.

3. Stop Button : Click on the Stop button to stop the page from being downloaded.

4. Refresh Button : Click on Refresh button to ensure that you have the absolute latest
copy of the page.

5. Home Button : This button takes you to the default home page as set by yourself for
the current browser. Change the default home page by:

Information Technology–VI 145

(i) Go to the page you want to appear
when you first start Microsoft
Edge.

(ii) A Settings tab is displayed in
the browser, click Onstartup in
the left panel.

(iii) Do any of the following:

▪ Select Open a new tab, to open a Setting a Home Page in Microsoft Edge
new tab whenever the browser is
opened.

▪ Select Continue where you left off, to open all those tabs which were open when
you closed the browser.

▪ Select Open a specific page or pages, to open a specific page or pages in different
tabs whenever the browser is opened.

(iv) Once the settings are defined, close the tab on the browser.

6. Favorites Button : Click on Favorite button to open the list of already selected favourite
pages. To choose any of the selected pages click on them.

7. Add to Favorites Button : Add a web page to your list of favorite pages. Just click on
Add this page to Favorites button to open the selected page. To add a page to your list of
favorite pages:

(a) Go to the page you want to add to your Favorites
list.

(b) Click on Add this page to Favorites button.

(c) A Favorites added dialog box is displayed.

(d) Type a new name for the page if you want to.

(e) Specify or create a new folder name where you Favorites Added dialog box
want to store this favourite entry.

(f) Once completed, click on Done button.

Electronic Mail (E-mail) Facts

E-mail is a part of Internet. Why is it so important? AnElectronicmail(e-mail)isacomputerbased

An e-mail can be sent to or received by anyone application, by which digital information can
who has an e-mail address. When you send an be sent, received, forwarded and stored using
telecommunications network. It allows people
e-mail, it goes from your computer to exchange email messages very quickly.

to the recipient’s computer as a file,

which can be read by him. It is the most convenient and reliable method of

sending and receiving information. It is fast, easy to operate and inexpensive.It

EMAIL ICON (No is one of the most commonly used features over communications networks that
Numbering required) may contain text, files, images, or other attachments.

146 Web Browser, Networking & More about Internet

What all you need?

• E-mail Software: In order to read or send electronic mail you need a special software, like
Eudora, Outlook Express, Netscape Messenger or Microsoft Outlook.

• E-mail Account: To be an e-mail user you need to have an e-mail account. When you
create an e-mail address, a username and a password is used to access your e-mail. You
can create free e-mail accounts through certain websites, such as www.hotmail.com, www.
yahoo.com, etc.

• E-mail Address: Each e-mail user is given an unique e-mail address. Your e-mail address is
usually your username or User ID, alongwith the domain name of the computer through
which you normally gain access to Internet with an @ symbol in-between-([email protected]).

• Setting up your E-mail Account: Download e-mail Software and set up an e-mail account
with your ISP. You need to input details like Username, password, e-mail address and
mail server in the software. For free e-mail accounts like Hotmail you need not download
any software, simply follow the instructions provided on the website.

Interpreting E-mail Addresses

The e-mail address ID is a combination of the

userid@host-domain-name

Taking another example of e-mail address :

ISP: Videsh Sanchar

Username Nigam Limited Zone (India)

Server Name Sub-network
(nda server) in this zone

Components of an Email Address

Here, support is a user id, inis the What makes a valid e-mail address?
zone—INDIA, net is sub-network ü An email must have only one @ sign.
in a zone, vsnl stands for Videsh ü A username followed by @ (at sign) is then followed by the domain
Sanchar Nigam Limited, the ISP
and nda is the name of a server for name with a domain suffix.
New Delhi users. The @ symbol ü The domain name cannot be longer than 254 characters, and the
separates the unique username
from the domain name. username cannot be longer than 64 characters long.
ü An email should not have space and special characters like \ [ ]
Email messages include three
components, which are as follows: ( ) , : ; < >. Sometimes, few symbols such as backslash, space, and

quotation mark work must be preceded with a forward slash.
ü The email address and username cannot start or end with a period

and cannot have two or more successive periods in the email.

• Message envelope: It depicts the email's electronic format.

• Message header: It contains email subject line and sender/recipient information.

• Message body: It comprises images, text, and other file attachments.

Information Technology–VI 147

Email Accounts

An email account is your relationship with an email service, and all the storage, features, and
functionality included.For example, Microsoft and Gmail accounts include not only email,
but cloud storage services, messaging services, calendaring, contacts, and much more.

Creating an online Email Account

E-mail is a tool which allows one computer
user to send a message to one or more
other computer users over a computer
network in a digital form.

1. Open Microsoft Edge browser.

2. Type Hotmail.com in the address bar
and press CTRL + ENTER key.

3. The home page of www.hotmail.com www.hotmail.com or www.outlook.com or outlook.live.com

or its alias (outlook.live.com) will be displayed on screen.

4. Click on Create Free Account to create a new account.

5. Fill up the Create Account that appears on the screen. On this page, Create Account
type the desired user name for the email address you require. You
can also click the down arrow key along with the domain name,
to choose the domain name from the available options. (@hotmail.
com or @outlook.com). After specifying the required inputs, click
Next button.

6. Specify the password in the Create

a password in the nextscreen. If you

want to display the password, click on

Show the password option. Click on

the hyperlinks to Microsoft Services

Agreement and privacy and cookies

statement to thoroughly read the

contents of these two documents. Even

if you do not read these two documents, Create a password Display password by clicking on Show password

but click on the Next button, it is assumed that you agree on both the agreements.

7. In the next page What’s your name?,
specify your first name and last name and
click on Next button.

8. In the next page What’s your birthdate?,

choose from country/region optionsand in

Birthdate choose the appropriate Month,

Day and Year from the list. Now click Next

Specify the first name and last name button.

Specify the Birthdate

148 Web Browser, Networking & More about Internet

9. The Hotmail email account is created and
displayed on the next page.

The email account is created The Inbox of Hotmail account

10. Once the Hotmail account is opened, a
screen shows the Today page tab appears
on the screen. To view the mails in your
mailbox, click on Inbox tab. It list down
your mailbox settings on the screen.

You can now compose, send or receive an
e-mail to/from any desired destination in this world.

Compose, Send E-mail

There are two steps for sending an e-mail:

Composing the mail

Open Mozilla Thunderbird by double

clicking its icon on the Desktop and click

Write button on Toolbar. A blank form

appears. In the To line, type an e-mail

address of a person to whom you wish

to send your message. To send the same

message to multiple people, type each The Mozilla Thunderbird Email Software

email addresses in To line. Attach Click the blank space below and start
Button typing your message. Once your message if
complete, you can click Send button to send
To: Email Cc: Email your mail immediately if you are on-line.
Addresses Addresses

Bcc: Email Subject of an
Addresses Email

Send Button Formatting
Toolbar

Message To transfer a file along with the email message,
Body you can attach it to an e-mail message. Type
in your message, and click Attach and then
Configuration of an email message in Mozilla Thunderbird Email Software point to File(s) to attach a file in the message.
Greater the size of the attached file, slower
Configuration of a Mail Message the mail will be sent.

An email message consists of two components, the message header, and the message body,
which is the email's content. The message header contains information like the following
details:

Information Technology–VI 149