Economics 1st Paper

m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY  51

51 †mvbvi evsjv K‡jR, Kzwgjv­

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70

1  ivRb wk¶v e„wË wb‡q ÔKÕ †`‡k wM‡q j¶ K‡ib-†mLv‡b Drcv`‡bi K. g~jab Kx? 1

mKj DcKiY iv‡óªi gvwjKvbvaxb| †mLv‡b gybvdv AR©‡bi cwie‡Z© L. ¯’vqx I PjwZ g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx? 2

RbKj¨vY mva‡bi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq| †fv³v‡`i ¯^vaxbZv †bB, M. DÏxc‡K Dwj­wLZ Dcv`v‡bi DcKiYwUi ˆewk󨸇jv †jL| 3

Z‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv Av‡Q| †`kwUi hveZxq A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ N. DÏxc‡K Dwj­wLZ Drcv`‡bi DcKiYwUi Kvh©vewj Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4

†K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ„©c‡¶i wbqš¿Yvaxb| 7  †ivgvb GKRb mdj †cvwë Lvgvwi| wZwb GKwU U¨vwK© gyiwMi

K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx? 1 Lvgvi w`‡q e¨emvq ïi“ K‡ib| Zvi GKK †bZ…‡Z¡ I e¨e¯’vcbvq

L. A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v †Kb m„wó nq? 2 LvgviwUi cwimi evo‡Z evo‡Z Zv GjvKvi K‡qKwU eo Lvgv‡ii

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ÔKÕ †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi weeiY `vI| 3 g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg e‡j AvR MY¨ n‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K, †ivgvb mv‡n‡ei †ek

N. ÔKÕ †`‡ki †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ…©c¶ Kxfv‡e mKj K‡qKRb eÜy wg‡j GiKg GKwU Lvgvi M‡o Zjz ‡jI wewfbœ

A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv we‡k­lY Ki| 4 Ae¨e¯’vcbvi Kvi‡Y Zv eZ©gv‡b eÜ nIqvi Dcµg|

2  D = 30-5p; hLv‡b D = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, P = `vg K. D‡`¨v³vi msÁv `vI| 1

K. A‡c¶K Kv‡K e‡j? 1 L. Askx`vwi Kviev‡i ch©vß g~ja‡bi †hvMvb`vb m¤¢e nq †Kb? 2

L. ¯^vaxb PjK I Aaxb Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Dwj­wLZ †ivgvb mv‡n‡ei e¨emvi aib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

M. cÖ`Ë DÏxc‡K Pvwn`v wewai wbqg cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Kx? N. †ivgvb mv‡n‡ei mdjZv Ges Zvi eÜy‡`i e¨_©Zvi Kx Kx

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 KviY Av‡Q e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4

N. cÖ`Ë Pvwn`v mgxKiY †_‡K GKwU Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b K‡i 8 Y S

eY©bv `vI| 4 D1

3  Drcv`b (Q)(GKK) †gvU e¨q( TC)(UvKv)

15 LvRbvA1 D0

28 A D1

39 D0

4 12 OS X

5 20 Rwgi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb

K. Drcv`b A‡c¶K Kx? 1 K. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kx? 1

L. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwš—K Drcv`b wewa K…wl‡¶‡Î `ª“Z cÖ‡hvR¨ nq †Kb? 2 L. Ae¯’vbMZ cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y †Kb LvRbv †`qv nq? 2

M. cÖ`Ë m~wP †_‡K cÖvwš—K e¨q (MC) †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎwU †Kvb LvRbv ZË¡? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

N. Drcv`‡bi mKj ¯i— Kx Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšK— e¨q (MC) N. wiKv‡W©vi ZË¡wU Ges DÏxc‡Ki ZË¡wU wK GKB? we‡k­lY Ki| 4

mgvb _v‡K? m~wPi Av‡jv‡K hyw³mn we‡k­lY Ki| 4 9  wiqvi gvwmK Avq hLb 5,000 UvKv wQj ZLb †m gv‡m X `ª‡e¨i 30

4  Y MC AC GKK Y `ª‡e¨i 20 GKK µq Ki‡Zv| GLb Zvi Avq 7,500 UvKv

nIqvq †m X `ª‡e¨i 40 GKK I Y `ª‡e¨i 15 GKK µq K‡i| ZvB

Avq/e¨q E ejv hvq, Avq e„w×i †cÖw¶‡Z Zvi †fvM AvPiY GKiƒc bq|
P P =AR = MR
K. †hvMvb Kx? 1

L. †gvU I cÖvwš—K Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ wZbwU cv_©K¨ D‡j­L Ki| 2

O QX M. X `ª‡e¨i Av‡qi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q Ki| 3
Drcv`b I weµ‡qi cwigvY
N. Y `ª‡e¨i Av‡qi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ? Gi ZrcZh© we‡k­lY Ki| 4

K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kx? 1 10 cÖwZwbqZ evsjv‡`‡ki kÖwgK we‡`‡k Kg©ms¯’vb jvf Ki‡Q| Avevi

L. dvg© I wkí ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 evsjv‡`k we‡`k †_‡K wewfbœ cY¨mvgMÖx Avg`vwb Ki‡Q|

M. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 3 Ab¨w`‡K, DcKiYmg~n Aev‡a wewfbœ †`‡k PjvPj Ki‡Q| d‡j

N. ¯^c­Kv‡j GKwU dvg© wK ïay wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z gybvdvB AR©b evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Avq evo‡Q|

Ki‡e? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 K. †gvU RvZxq Avq Kx? 1

5 L. wewb‡qvM m‡qi Dci wbf©ikxje¨vL¨v Ki| 2

DS M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GNP I GDP Gi g‡a¨ Kxfv‡e cv_©K¨

30,0 wbY©q Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

gRywi 20,0 E N. KLb GNP, GDPGi Zjz bvq mgvb, †ewk ev Kg nq?

10,00 we‡k­lY Ki| 4

SD Q 11 GKwU †`‡ki A_©evRv‡i m¤úwK©Z Z_¨mg~n wb¤œiƒc

10 20 30 40 †gvU wewnZ A‡_©i cwigvY (M) = 10

Pvwn`vi cwigvY A‡_©i cPÖ jb MwZ (V) = 10

K. kÖ‡gi `¶Zv Kx? 1 e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY (M) = 100

L. cÖK…Z gRywii mv‡_ `vg¯‡— ii m¤úK© wKiƒc e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 e¨vsK A‡_©i cPÖ jb MwZ (V') = 5

M. DÏxc‡K kÖgevRv‡i fvimvg¨ Kxfv‡e msMwVZ n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 100

N. kÖ‡gi gRywi gvwmK 30,000 UvKv n‡j fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vi Ici K. A_© Kx? 1

Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e? we‡k­lY Ki| 4 L. `ªe¨ wewbgq cÖ_vi cÖavb AmyweavwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

6  †gv t BRvR avb gvovB‡qi GKwU †gwkb µq K‡ib| wb‡Ri Rwgi M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯—i (P) wbY©q Ki| 3

avb gvovB‡qi cvkvcvwk A‡b¨i Rwgi avb gvovB K‡iI cÖwZeQi N. e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY wظY Kiv n‡j A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Ici Kx

A‡bK UvKv DcvR©b K‡ib| cÖfve co‡e? we‡k­lY Ki| 4

52 K¨v›Ub‡g›U K‡jR, Kzwgjv­

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70

1  A †`‡ki bvMwiK wgjb ¯^-D‡`¨v‡M Drcv`b I e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K. kÖ‡gi `¶Zv Kx? 1

Ki‡Qb| †m‡`‡k wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨LvZmn mKj LvZB e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M L. RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j kÖ‡gi gRywi n«vm cvq †Kb? 2

cwiPvwjZ nq Ges Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g ¯^qswµqfv‡e `vg M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †iLvwP‡Î kÖgevRvi fvimvg¨ †`wL‡q

wba©vwiZ nq| e¨emvq cÖ‡qvR‡b wZwb Ab¨ GKwU †`k B- †Z wM‡q †m gRywii cwigvY wbYq© Ki| 3

†`‡ki A_©bxwZi D‡ëvwPÎ Ae‡jvKb Ki‡jb| B †`‡k Drcv`b, N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Aw¼Z †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZi †hŠw³KZv

†fvM I eÈb meB †K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

K. m¤ú` Kv‡K e‡j? 1 7  2016 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m A †`‡ki †gvU 10,000 †KvwU UvKvi

L. gvby‡li Afve †Kb Amxg? 2 g~jab wQj| 2017 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m †`‡ki †gvU g~ja‡bi g~j¨e„w×

M. A †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi cÖK…wZ wbY©q K‡i Gi wZbwU ˆewkó¨ †jL| 3 †c‡q 14,000 †KvwU‡Z `uvovj| D³ mg‡q g~ja‡bi ¶q¶wZi

N. †kÖwY‰elg¨ m„wói †¶‡Î A I B `y‡`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ cwigvY 1,500 †KvwU UvKv| G‡`‡k wewb‡qvM e„w×i c‡_ cÖavb evav

Zjz bv Ki| 4 n‡jv g~ja‡bi mgm¨v| G‡¶‡Î miKvi wewb‡qvM evÜe cwi‡ek

2  wb‡Pi m~wPi Av‡jv‡K mswk­ó cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi `vI : m„wói j‡¶¨ g~jab MV‡bi c‡_ we`¨gvb mgm¨vmg~n †hgb ¯^í

`ª‡e¨i `vg 1 2 3 4 Avq, Rvbgv‡ji wbivcËvnxbZv, Ach©vß e¨vswKs KvVv‡gv, Awk¶v

Pvwn`vi cwigvY 8 6 4 2 BZ¨vw` mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q|

†hvMv‡bi cwigvY 4 6 8 10 K. g~jab Kx? 1

K. Pvwn`vi Avq w¯w’ Z¯’vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j? 1 L. KuvPvgvj PjwZ g~jabe¨vL¨v Ki| 2

L. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wewai †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. g~jab MVb I wbU g~jab e„w×i cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3

M. m~wPi Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ Ae¯’v wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K miKvi wewb‡qvM evÜe cwi‡ek m„wói j‡¶¨

N. hw` `vg I †hvMv‡bi cwigvY w¯’i †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨K †¶‡Î weivRgvb mgm¨vmg~n mgvavb Kx Kx c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i? 4

Pvwn`vi cwigvY 4 GKK K‡i e„w× cvq Z‡e m„ó cwiw¯’wZi 8  Kwig mv‡ne GKwU c­vw÷K KviLvbvi gvwjK| wZwb wb‡RB AZ¨š—

KviY e¨vL¨vc~e©K bZbz m~wP I wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ evRvi cwiw¯’wZ `¶Zvi mv‡_ DcKiY msMÖn I e¨e¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|

we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4 Zvi `¶Zv I SzuwK MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv, GKK eyw×gËv, bZbz Z¡ cÖeZ©b,

3  †hvMvb mgxKiY : S =  3 + 3P m„wókxjZv I `~i`wk©Zv, cwiKíbv MÖnY I myôz evRviRvZKi‡Yi

(†hLv‡b, S = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY, P = `vg) d‡j cÖwZôvbwU w`b w`b DbœZ n‡”Q| wZwb GKvB cÖwZôv‡bi wm×vš—

K. evRvi fvimvg¨ Kx? 1 MÖnY K‡ib Ges mKj gybvdv †fvM K‡ib| mxgvnxb `vwqZ¡ I SzuwKi

L. evRv‡i bZbz †µZvi AvMgb Pvwn`vi Dci Kx cÖfve †dj‡e? 2 AvwaK¨ _vK‡jI Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi †MvcbxqZv eRvq _v‡K|

M. DÏxc‡K ewYZ© mgxKi‡Yi †iLv AsKb Ki| 3 K. †hŠ_g~jabx Kvievi Kx? 1

N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mgxKi‡Y †h wewawU cÖKvk cvq Zvi †Kv‡bv L. Ò`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b NGO mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

e¨wZµg Av‡Q Kx? 4 M. Kwig mv‡n‡ei Kvh©vewj DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

4  wb‡Pi m~wPi Av‡jv‡K mswkó­ cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi `vI : N. DÏxc‡K D‡jw­ LZ cÖwZôvbwUi aib D‡jL­ c~e©K Gi myweav I

Amyweavmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4

Drcv`b GKK †gvU w¯’i e¨q †gvU cwieZb© kxj e¨q 9  wg. "M" Gi A‡bK m¤ú`| wZwb wewfbœ cÖKvi e¨emvq RwoZ|

1 100 60 wZwb Zvi febmg~n fvov w`‡q gv‡m 20,000 UvKv, hš¿cvwZi fvov

2 100 100 eve` 15,000 UvKv cvb| Zvi MÖv‡gi Rwg Pvlvev‡`i wewbg‡q

3 100 260 Zv‡K Pvwliv 10,000 UvKv †`b| miKvi Zvi GjvKvq wkí cvK©

Kivi wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q| GLb Zvi feb I hš¿cvwZ n‡Z cÖwZgv‡m

4 100 500 h_vµ‡g 25,000 UvKv I 20,000 UvKv Avq nq|

K. µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. A_©‰bwZK LvRbvi msÁv `vI| 1

L. Mo e¨q wK me©`v cÖvwšK— e¨‡qi mgvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwš—K Drcv`b wewai Kvi‡Y †Kb LvRbvi D™¢e nq?2

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo e¨q I cÖvwš—K e¨q wbYq© Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki wg. "M" Gi †gvU LvRbv I wbU LvRbvi cwigvY

N. DÏxcK †_‡K Mo w¯’i e¨q †iLv A¼b K‡i †iLvwUi AvK…wZi wbY©q Ki| 3

Dci gš—e¨ Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wkí cvK© ¯’vc‡bi ci H GjvKvq

5  †mwjg GKwU we‡kl `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb, †h AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi Dci Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

`ª‡e¨i †Kv‡bv wbKU weKí †bB| wZwb GKKfv‡e `ªe¨wU Drcv`b I 10  2017-2018 A_©eQ‡i (A) †`‡k †fvM e¨q (C) 150 †KvwU UvKv|

weµq K‡i _v‡Kb| G evRv‡i †Kv‡bv dvg© cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) 90 †KvwU UvKv| miKvwi e¨q (G) 70 †KvwU UvKv,

wZwb cÖPzi gybvdvI AR©b K‡i‡Qb| Avg`vwb e¨q (M) 50 †KvwU UvKv Ges ißvwb Avq (X) 35 †KvwU UvKv|

K. evRvi Kx? 1 K. ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM Kx? 1

L. GK‡PvwUqv Kvievwi wK GKB mv‡_ `vg I cwigvY‡K wbqš¿Y L. †Kvb Ae¯’vq wRwWwc I wRGbwc Awfbœ nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

Ki‡Z cv‡i? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3

M. DÏxc‡K ewYZ© wewfbœ `ª‡e¨i evRv‡ii cwiPq `vI| 3 N. hw` e× A_©bxwZ we‡ewPZ nq Zvn‡j Kx RvZxq Avq GKB

N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z evRv‡ii A¯^vfvweK gybvdvmn fvimvg¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

6  wb‡Pi QKwU j¶ Ki Ges mswk­ó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : 11 'B' †`‡ki GKwU e¨vsK †m †`‡ki Avw_©K e¨e¯’vi cÖavb| GwU †bvU

ˆ`wbK gRywi (UvKv) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v kÖ‡gi †hvMvb cÖPjb K‡i A‡bK mgq A‡_©i cwigvY Kvw•¶Z ¯—‡i bv _vK‡j

wewfbœ c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i e¨vsKwU A‡_©i cwigvY wbqš¿Y K‡i|

100 20 14 K. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 1

200 16 16 L. A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ `vg¯—‡i m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

300 14 20 M. DÏxc‡K Dwjw­ LZ 'B' †`‡ki e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

400 12 18 N. DÏxc‡K Dwj­wLZ e¨vsKwUi FY wbqš¿‡Yi me‡P‡q mdj

nvwZqvi †KvbwU we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4

m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY  53

53 miKvwi Kgvm© K‡jR, PÆMÖvg

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70

1  g‡bvR wgÎ| WvKbvg g‡bvR| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wdb¨vÝ wefvM 6  gwnDwÏb mv‡n‡ei GKwU evwo Av‡Q| wZwb evwo n‡Z cÖwZgv‡m

n‡Z GgweG †kl K‡i PvKwi Luy‡R bv †c‡q Mi“i Lvgvi ¯’vcb fvov eve` 70 nvRvi UvKv cvb| m¤úªwZ GjvKvq †ekwKQz Awdm

K‡ib| eZ©gvb mg‡q Ley Av‡jvwPZ GKRb gvbyl| Dbvi GKK Av`vjZ ¯’vwcZ nIqvq evwo fvov †e‡o hvq| Dwb eZg© v‡b 1 j¶

†bZ…Z¡ Ges e¨e¯’vcbvq LvgviwU eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki weL¨vZ Lvgv‡ii UvKv evwo fvov cvb|

GKwU| Aciw`‡K DËg K‡qKRb eÜy wb‡q GKB Lvgvi M‡o K. LvRbv Kx? 1

Zjz ‡jI wewfbœ Ae¯’vcbvi Kvi‡Y Zv eÜ n‡q hvq| L. LvRbv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Kx? hyw³ `vI| 2

K. Askx`vwi Kvievi Kv‡K e‡j? 1 M. gwnDwÏb mv‡n‡ei Avq e„w×i welqwU †Kvb aviYvi mv‡_

L. ÒPzw³B Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii wfwËÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 m¤úK©hy³ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

M. DÏxc‡K Dwj­wLZ Dˇgi e¨emvi aiY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. `xN©Kv‡j gwnDwÏb mv‡n‡ei GB ai‡bi cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e Kx?

N. g‡bv‡Ri mdjZv I Zvi eÜy‡`i e¨_©Zvi Kx KviY Av‡Q e‡j we‡k­lY Ki| 4

Zwz g g‡b Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 7  ivBgv GKRb D‡`¨v³v| MÖv‡g Zvi GKwU KviLvbv Av‡Q hv‡Z

2  mvjvg mv‡ne A †`‡k †eov‡Z †M‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb †m †`‡k cÖv_wgK wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY 15 j¶ UvKv| c‡ii eQi GB

Drcv`b e¨e¯’v GgbwK wPwKrmv †mevI miKvwi gvwjKvbvq KviLvbvi g~ja‡bi cwigvY 20 j¶ UvKv nq| miKv‡ii m¤úªwZ

cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‘ mvjv‡gi †`‡k miKvwi nvmcvZv‡ji cvkvcvwk wewb‡qvMevÜe k‡Z© DrmvwnZ n‡q e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i

†emiKvwi wK¬wbKI i‡q‡Q| KviLvbvwU‡K kn‡i ¯’vbvš—‡ii wm×vš— wb‡q‡Qb|

K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kx? 1 K. g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? 1

L. hš¿cvwZ wK PjwZ g~jab? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

L. Òm¤ú‡`i `y®úÖvc¨ZvB A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi g~jÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki g~ja‡b †Kvb ai‡Yi MwZkxjZv j¶ Kiv hvq e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

M. A †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi 3wU ˆewkó¨ wjL| 3 N. e¨vsK FY bv †c‡j Zvi c‡¶ KviLvbv ¯’vbvši— m¤¢e n‡e

N. Zwz g Kx g‡b Ki A †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v mvjv‡gi †`‡ki wKbv hyw³ †`LvI| 4

A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi †P‡q fv‡jv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 8  GKwU †`‡ki A_©evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨mg~n wb¤œiƒc :
3  wb‡Pi QKwU j¶ K‡i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wewnZ A‡_©i cwigvY (M) = 200

`ª‡e¨i `vg (UvKv) †hvMv‡bi cwigvY Pvwn`vi cwigvY A‡_©i cPÖ jb MwZ (V) = 10
1 10 20
2 15 15 e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY (M) = 100

e¨vsK A‡_©i cPÖ jb MwZ (V) = 5

†jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 100

3 20 10 K. †gvevBj e¨vswKs Kx? 1

K. PjK Kx? 1 L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯’j ejv nq †Kb? 2

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K (P) wbYq© Ki| 3

L. Avq wKfv‡e Pvwn`v‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2 N. e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY wظY Kiv n‡j A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Dci Kx

M. ewY©Z Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wba©vi‡Yi cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

welqwU wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI| 3 9  C = 100 + 0.25Y; I = 100; G = 200; †hLv‡b C = †fvM e¨q, I =

N. cÖwZwU `v‡g Pvwn`v wظY e„w× Ki‡j fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vi wewb‡qvM e¨q, G = miKvwi e¨q|

cwieZ©b e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 K. mvgwMKÖ Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1

4  †fv‡Mi GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM L. ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM †iLv f‚wg A‡¶i mgvš—ivj nq †Kb? 2
1g 5
M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3

N. miKvwi e¨q e„w× †c‡q 300 UvKv n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi

2q 9 wK cwieZb© n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

3q 12 10  wb‡Pi wPÎwU j¶¨ Ki I wPÎvbyhvqx cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

R, C, P MC AC
AVC
4_© 14

K. †hvMvb wewa Kx? 1 E
14
L. ïaygvÎ †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ cvIqvi AvKv•¶v _vK‡j Kx Zv‡K Pvwn`v
11 M
ejv hvq? 2

M. cÖ`Ë m~wP n‡Z cÖvwš—K Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 O Q Drcv`b I weµq
20
N. m~wPZ Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšK— Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨
K. LvRbv Kx? 1
cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY Ki| 4
L. wbU LvRbv‡K f‚wg e¨env‡ii g~j¨ ejv nq †Kb? 2
5 P, C, R MC AC
M. DÏxcK n‡Z wbg LvRbv wbY©q Ki| 3

20 E P =AR = MR N. DÏxcK n‡Z gybvdv I †QvU w¯’i e¨q wbY©q Ki| 4

11 kwdK I Zvi 5 eÜy wg‡j XvKvq myMÜv Mv‡g©›Um bv‡g GKwU ˆZwi

†cvkvK KviLvbv ¯’vcb Kij| Pzw³wfwËK MwVZ GB KviLvbvi

g~jab msKU †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ mKj m`‡m¨i wm×v‡š— cÖwZôvbwU

O 100 Q m`m¨ msL¨v evov‡jv| cieZx©‡Z ÷K G·‡P‡Äi m`m¨ n‡q

K. GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1 RbM‡Yi wbKU †kqvi weµq K‡i gj~ ab msMÖn Kij|

K. msMVb Kx? 1

L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. D‡`¨v³vi KvR Kx? 2

M. DÏxc‡K wPÎ n‡Z dv‡g©i †gvU gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 3 M. myMܨv Mv‡g©›Um cÖ_‡g wK ai‡bi msMVb wQj? 3

N. hw` dvg© A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i Zvn‡j DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î N. cieZx©‡Z myMÜv Mv‡g©›U‡mi cwieZ©b KZUv myweavRbK?

fvimv‡g¨i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

54 weGGd kvnxb K‡jR, PÆMÖvg

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70

1  Rbve wd‡ivR X †`‡k evsjv‡`wk `~Zvev‡mi GKRb Kg©KZv© K. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kx? 1

wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †c‡jb| wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb X †`‡k mKj L. ÔcÖK…Z gRwy i A_© Øviv cwigvc‡hvM¨ bqÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

m¤ú‡`i gvwjK ivóª| †m †`‡ki bvMwi‡Ki †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx KvR M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Rbve R Gi †Q‡j‡`i kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZvi

K‡ib Ges Kv‡Ri cwigvY Abyhvqx gRywi cvb| d‡j †eKviZ¡ aib wPwýZ K‡i  e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

Abycw¯’Z| †K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g Drcv`b I eÈb cwiPvwjZ N. DÏxc‡K Dwj­wLZ miKvi KZ©…K M„nxZ c`‡¶c¸‡jv ¤ªg

nq| Aek¨ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v X †`‡ki †P‡q c„_K| evRvi Dbœq‡b KZUzKz mdj n‡e? we‡k­lY Ki| 4

K. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ Kx? 1 7  wg. myg‡bi GKwU ÔKjgÕ Drcv`‡bi KviLvbv i‡q‡Q| wZwb 5,00,000

L. X †`‡k †h A_©e¨e¯’v‡K wb‡`©k K‡i †m †`‡ki DÏxc‡K UvKv cÖv_wgK g~jab wb‡q Drcv`b ïi“ K‡ib| KuvPvgvj µq eve`

Abycw¯’Z wZbwU ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 60,000 UvKv Ges hš¿cvwZ †givgZ eve` 45,000 UvKv e¨q K‡ib|

M. X †`‡k †h A_©e¨e¯’v‡K wb‡`©k K‡i †m †`‡ki DÏxc‡K m¤úªwZ miKvi my‡`i nvi n«vm KuvPvgv‡ji Ici fzZ©wK, Ki AeKvg

Abycw¯’Z wZbwU ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 Ges wewb‡qv‡Mi w¯’wZkxj cwi‡ek eRvq ivLvi g‡Zv c`‡¶c MÖnY

N. X †`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki Abyiƒc A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi cwiPvjbv Kivq wg. mygb Zuvi g~ja‡bi cwigvY e„w×i D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡jb|

Ki‡Z n‡j Kx Kx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv DwPZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| 4 K. fvmgvb g~jab Kx? 1

2  GKRb †fv³vi Pvwn`v m~wP wb¤œiƒc : L. gj~ ab Kx AZxZ kÖ‡gi dj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

`ª‡e¨i `vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (D) M. wg. myg‡bi wbU g~ja‡bi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3

N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z miKv‡ii c`‡¶cmg~n wg. myg‡bi g~ja‡bi

4 UvKv 10 GKK cwigvY e„wׇZ Kxfv‡e f‚wgKv iv‡L? we‡k­lY Ki| 4

3 UvKv 12 GKK 8  X G‡MÖv dzWm Gi m`m¨ msL¨v AmsL¨| evRv‡i †Kv¤úvwbi Drcvw`Z

K. cÖvwš—K Dc‡hv‡Mi m~ÎwU †jL| 1 c‡Y¨i h‡_ó Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| AvqZb e„w×i j‡¶¨ cÖwZôvbwU RbM‡Yi

L. †fe‡jb `ª‡e¨i †¶‡Î Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 wbKU †_‡K g~jab msMÖn K‡i Ges †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i‡K evwl©K jf¨vsk

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbYq© Ki| 3 cÖ`vb K‡i| cÖwZôvbwUi †kqvi n¯—vši— ‡hvM¨| Ab¨w`‡K, Y †Kv¤úvwbi

N. w¯’wZ¯’vc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZi Ici gše— ¨ Ki| 4 †kqvi‡nvìv‡ii msL¨v 12 Rb| Zviv †hŠ_fv‡e g~ja‡bi †hvMvb †`q

Ges cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwˇZ cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv K‡i| Z‡e

3  Pvwn`v mgxKiY : D = 20  2P GKRb †kqvi‡nvìv‡ii g„Zz¨‡Z cÖwZôvbwU eÜ n‡q _v‡K|

†hvMvb mgxKiY : S = 4 + 2P K. ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb Kx? 1

GLv‡b, D = Pvwn`v, S = †hvMvb Ges P = `vg| L. †Kvb ai‡bi Kviev‡i cÖwZfv I g~ja‡bi mgš^q N‡U? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

K. Aaxb PjK Kx? 1 M. X DÏxc‡K Dwj­wLZ cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

L. AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb abvZ¥K n‡j `ª‡e¨i m¤úK© N. DÏxc‡K Av‡jv‡K X Ges Y †Kv¤úvwbi cv_©K¨mg~n we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4

Kxiƒc n‡e? 2 9  GKwU †`‡ki RvZxq Avq m¤úwK©Z Z_¨mg~n wb¤œiƒc :

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbYq© Ki| 3 wbU RvZxq Avq (NNP) = 12000 †KvwU UvKv

N. `vg e„w× †c‡j fvimv‡g¨i Dci Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e? gZvgZ `vI| 4 AePq e¨q (DC) =2500 †KvwU UvKv|

4  LvMovQwoi K…lK iƒcg PvKgvi 1 GKi Rwg Av‡Q| 2013 mv‡j wbU ißvwb (X  M) = 3000 †KvwU UvKv|

D³ Rwg‡Z 1 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM K‡i MvRi Pvl K‡i Drcv`b K‡i K. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq Kx? 1

9 gY| GwU jvfRbK we‡ewPZ nIqvq cieZx© ‡Z cÖwZ eQi 1 Rb L. cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvMe¨q ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2

K‡i kÖwgK wb‡qvM e„w× K‡i| GKB Rwg‡Z cieZ©x 5 eQi Drcv`b M. DcwiDw³ †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b Ges †gvU Af¨š—ixY

n‡jv h_vµ‡g 16, 21, 24, 26 I 27 gY| Drcv`b †ei Ki| 3

K. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kx? 1 N. (X-M)  0 n‡j DcwiD³ †`‡ki GNP Ges GDP Gi g‡a¨

L. Mo w¯’i e¨‡qi cwigvY Kx k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 †Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avm‡e? we‡k­lY Ki| 4

M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ iƒcg PvKgvi MvR‡ii cÖvwš—K Drcv`b 10  wkqve DwÏb GKRb ¶z`ª e¨emvqx kn‡i Rwgi `vg †ewk nIqvq †m

†iLvwU A¼b Ki| 3 PÆMÖvg †Rjvi gximivB GjvKvq 6 KvVv Rwg 1,50,000 UvKvq

N. DÏxc‡Ki MvRi Pv‡li †¶‡Î cvV¨eB‡qi †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki µq K‡ib| wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨ H GjvKvq wkícvK© ¯’vc‡bi miKvwi

n‡q‡Q Zv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡k­lY Ki| 4 wm×vš— nq| ZvQvov Rwgi wbKUeZx© GjvKvq wewfbœ Awdm Av`vjZ

I wek¦we`¨vjq M‡o D‡V| d‡j Zvi Rwgi g~j¨ wظY nq| wZwb

5  `vg, e¨q P, C MC Zvi A‡a©K Rwg 1,50,000 UvKvq wewµ K‡i `~ieZ©x ¯’v‡b 3 KvVvi

a AC GKwU †cqviv evMvb µq K‡ib| †cqviv evMvb †_‡K Zvi Avq
P2
P0 e0 AVC AR = MR = P h_vµ‡g 21,000 UvKv, 14,000 UvKv Ges 7,000 UvKv| Aek¨
P1 b
O M Q Drcv`b cÖwZ KvVvi Drcv`b e¨q 7,000 UvKv|

K. A_©‰bwZK LvRbv Kx? 1

L. `xN©Kv‡j wbg LvRbv k~b¨ nq †Kb? 2

K. Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi Kx? 1 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wkqve Dwχbi Rwgi g~j¨ e„w× †Kvb

L. †Kvb evRv‡i AR > MR nq Ges †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 ai‡bi Avq‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

M. ¯^íKv‡j dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ Ae¯’v I gybvdv cwiw¯’wZ DÏxc‡Ki N. DÏxc‡Ki †cqviv evMvb †_‡K cÖvß Avq †Zvgvi cvV¨eB‡qi

Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 †Kvb Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4

11 GKwU †`‡ki gy`ªv m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc :

N. AC †iLvwU wb‡Pi w`‡K m‡i c0 we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j evRv‡i †gvU wewnZ A‡_©i cwigvY = 200 †KvwU UvKv, A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ =

Kx ai‡bi gybvdv AwR©Z nq? we‡k­lY 4 10 e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY = 100 †KvwU UvKv Ges e¨vsK A‡_©i

6  Rbve R GKRb K…lK| wZwb Zvi `yB †Q‡j‡K wb‡q MÖv‡g kvKmewR cÖPjb MwZ = 5 †gvU evwY‡R¨i cwigvY = 100 GKK|

djv‡Zb| evRv‡i gybvdv Kg nIqvq wZwb Zvi GK †Q‡j‡K `w¶Y K. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx? 1

†Kvwiqv cvVvb| Ab¨ †Q‡j GKwU †`kxq KviLvbvq †hvM`vb K‡i| L. my‡`i nv‡ii mv‡_ A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v m¤úK© Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

kÖg evRvi Dbœq‡bi Rbve R Gi †`‡ki miKvi b~¨bZg gRywi M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯i— wbY©q Ki| 3

wba©viY, `¶Zv Dbœqb cÖwk¶Y Ges wkï kÖg wbim‡bi g‡Zv N. †gvU wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY wظY Kiv n‡j gy`ªvi g~‡j¨i Dci

c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Q| Kx cÖfve co‡e? we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4

m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY  55

55 Rvjvjvev` K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, wm‡jU

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70

1  'X' †`‡ki miKvi Ô5Õ UvKv wd-Gi wewbg‡q miKvwi nvmcvZvj 6  'X' bvgK GKwU †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ n‡jv Kvwjg| Zvi

†_‡K we‡klÁ wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© MÖn‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb| wg. GKK cÖ‡Póvq †Kv¤úvwbwU cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q Ges Drcvw`Z cY¨

Ry‡b`I wbR¯^ D‡`¨v‡M AvaywbK wPwKrmvi mKj myweav msewjZ AZ¨š— cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| 'Y' cÖwZôvbwUi gvwjK AmsL¨, g~jab

GKwU nvmcvZvj ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| Aciw`‡K 'Y' †`‡ki ¯^v¯¨’ LvZ cÖPzi, Swuy K Kg I mxgve× `vq i‡q‡Q|

†_‡K ïi“ K‡i mKj A_©‰bwZK LvZ miKvi KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ nq| K. msMVb Kx? 1

K. e¨wóK A_©bxZ Kx? 1 L. Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii myweavmg~n Kx Kx? 2

L. A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v †Kb m„wó nq? 2 M. 'X' cÖwZôv‡bi myweavmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

M. DÏxc‡K Dwj­wLZ 'X' †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’vi ˆewkó¨ N. †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× Ges Drcv`b e„wׇZ 'X' A‡c¶v 'Y'

we`¨gvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 cÖwZôv‡bi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4

N. DÏxc‡K Dwjw­ LZ `ywU †`‡ki g‡a¨ †KvbwUi †kÖwY ˆelg¨ †ewk 7 Y S

e‡j Zwz g g‡b Ki? we‡k­lY Ki| 4 LvRbv D

2  Q = 10  2P

K. A‡c¶K Kx? 1 r1 E0

L. †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwš—K Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© †`LvI| 2 D X

M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †_‡K Pvwn`v m~wP ˆZwi K‡i Pvwn`v †iLv O L0

A¼b Ki| 3 Rwgi Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvb

N. `ª‡e¨i `vg 3 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 4 UvKv n‡j K. LvRbv Kx? 1

w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gv‡bi wfwˇZ `ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki| 4 L. wbg LvRbvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

3  mybvgM‡Äi M‡Ykcyi GjvKvi Pvwl byi“j n‡Ki 10 GKi Rwg M. fvimvg¨ LvRbv cwigvY Kxfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq, wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨

Av‡Q| 2012 mv‡j D³ Rwg‡Z 10 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM K‡i wjPz Pvl e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

K‡i Drcv`b K‡i 80 gb| GwU jvfRbK we‡ewPZ nIqvq cieZ©x N. Rwgi Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡j Ges n«vm †c‡j LvRbvi Kxiƒc

cÖwZ eQi 10 Rb K‡i kÖwgK wb‡qvM e„w× K‡i GKB Rwg‡Z cieZx© cwieZ©b n‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡k­lY Ki| 4

4 eQi Drcv`b n‡jv h_vµ‡g 140 gb, 180 gb, 200 gb Ges 8  M = 1000, M = 500, V = 6, V = 5, T = 100

210 gb| K. A_© Kx? 1

K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1 L. A‡_©i g~j¨ aviYvi e¨vL¨v `vI| 2

L. Mo e¨q I cÖvwš—K e¨‡qi g‡a¨ m¤úK© †`LvI| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki gvb Abyhvqx wdkv‡ii m~Î Aej¤^‡b A‡_©i g~j¨

M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwˇZ wjPz Pv‡li †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 KZ? wbYq© Ki| 3

N. DÏxc‡Ki wjPz Pv‡li †¶‡Î †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q Ges Zv N. A‡_©i cwigvY wظY Kiv n‡j `vg¯—i Ges A‡_©i g~‡j¨i

†Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ nq? Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 Kxiƒc cwieZb© n‡e? we‡k­lY Ki| 4

4  MC 9  †fvM mgxKiY, C = 100 + 0.5 Y Ges

a AC wewb‡qvM mgxKiY, I = 200
P1
P0 e0 AVC AR = MR = P K. ¯^q¤¢‚Z †fvM Kx? 1
P2 b
L. GNP I GDP-Gi cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3

Q N. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4
O Q0
10  Kv‡qQ GKRb wewkó e¨emvqx| †`‡k Zvi A‡bK¸‡jv wkí cÖwZôvb

K. GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kx? 1 i‡q‡Q| enwe©‡k¦ e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb gvjwkqv‡Z

L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR Ges MR †iLv f‚wg A‡¶i GKwU Mv‡g©›Um wbg©vY K‡ib| Avevi Rvcv‡bi GK wkícwZ

mgvši— vj nq †Kb? 2 evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU Mv‡g©›Um cwiPvjbv K‡ib|

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K dv‡g©i gybvdv/¶wZi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 K. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv Kx? 1

N. AC †iLv wb‡Pi w`‡K m‡i e0 we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j evRv‡i Kx L. g~jab MVb †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2

ai‡bi gybvdv AwR©Z n‡e? we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4 M. evwYR¨ m¤cÖmvi‡Y g~jab MVb AwZ cÖ‡qvRb, DÏxc‡Ki

5  iv‡Rbv GKwU Mv‡g©›Um d¨v±wi‡Z KvR K‡i| G Kv‡R †Kv‡bv Av‡jv‡K Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

AwfÁZv bv _vKvq Zvi gvwmK †eZb gvÎ 4,000 UvKv| weKí N. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv m„wó n‡q Kx ai‡bi myweav m„wó nq?

Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM †bB weavq eva¨ n‡q †m G KvR Ki‡Q| ZvQvov we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4

GLv‡b Kv‡Ri AbyK‚j cwi‡ek †bB e‡j kÖwgK‡`i `¶ZvI Kg| 11  `vg (P) Pvwn`v (D) †hvMvb (S)

A_P †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Mv‡g©›Um GKwU ¸i“Zc¡ ~Y© 10 UvKv 20 GKK 30 GKK

LvZ| ZvB G Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ gRywi e„w×, PvKwii kZ© Dbœqb,

kÖwgK‡`i wk¶v I cÖwk¶Y `vb Ges ¯^v¯¨’ m¤§Z Kg©cwi‡ek wbwðZ 8 UvKv 25 GKK 25 GKK

Kiv AZxe Ri“wi| 6 UvKv 30 GKK 15 GKK

K. kÖg Kx? 1 K. †iLvi Xvj Kx? 1

L. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv KLb cðvrgywL nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. †hvMv‡bi wba©viKmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki| 2

M. Mv‡g©›U‡mi Kv‡R iv‡Rbvi AbvMÖ‡ni KviY DÏxc‡Ki M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ evRvi fvimvg¨ aviYvi

Av‡jv‡K wbiƒcY Ki| 3 e¨vL¨v `vI| 3

N. evsjv‡`‡ki Mv‡g©›Um kÖwgK‡`i `¶Zv Kxfv‡e e„w× Kiv hvq? N. 10 UvKv Ges 6 UvKv `v‡g evRvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k­lY Ki| 4

DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4

56 w` evW&m †iwm‡Wbwmq¨vj g‡Wj ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, †gŠjfxevRvi

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70

1  wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú` I cÖhyw³i mvnv‡h¨ X I Y `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi `~‡ii Dcvq, m¤ú‡`i mبenvi cÖf…wZ m¤ú‡K© †evSv‡Z jvM‡jb|
wewfbœ mswgkÖY wb‡Pi ZvwjKv †`Iqv n‡jv| wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨ †`Lv †Mj D³ MÖv‡gi cyi“l gwnjviv Zv‡`i ¯^í
mÂq e¨vs‡K Rgv‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Qb| Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨ D³ e¨vsK ¶z`ª
X `ªe¨ Y `ªe¨ mswgkÖ‡Y FY Kg©m~wP ïi“ n‡q hvq|

0 100 A K. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1

40 90 B L. Ôg~jab mÂq Øviv m„wóÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

80 60 C M. evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi mgm¨v

120 0 D DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki | 3

K. wb‡`©k~jK A_©e¨e¯’v Kx? 1 N. Kx Kx wel‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i g~jab MwVZ nq, Zv
L. e¨w÷K A_©bxwZ‡K wK mvgwóK A_©bxwZ †_‡K c„_K Kiv hvq? 2
M. Dc‡ii DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv (PPC) A¼b Ki| 3 DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
7  ÔKÕ dvgv© wmDwUK¨vjm RbM‡Yi wbKU n‡Z g~jab msMÖn K‡i
N. hw` Drcv`b 40 GKK X `ª‡e¨i mv‡_ 60 GKK y `ªe¨ Drcv`b †Kv¤úvwbi AvqZb e„w× K‡i Ges †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i‡K evwl©K
Ki‡Z Pvq| Zv wK †Zvgvi `„wó‡Z †hŠw³K n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 jf¨vsk cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‘ ÔLÕ KvieviwUi D‡`¨v³v, gvwjK GKRb
2  wb‡Pi wPÎwU j¶ Ki Ges mswk­ó cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi `vI : Ges gybvdvi gvwjKI wZwb GKv|
K. msMVb ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1
P L. †hŠ_ gj~ abx Kvievi `xN©¯’vqx nq †Kb? 2
D S M. ÔKÕ cÖwZôvbwU Kx ai‡bi Kvievi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

P0 N. ÔKÕ I ÔL †Kv¤úvwbi g‡a¨ †KvbwU Kg©ms¯’vb I Drcv`b

SD X e„wׇZ AwaK f‚wgKv ivL‡e? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
O Q0 8  wPÎwU j¶ Ki :

K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 Y

L. Pvwn`v wewa Kx me©`v Kvh©Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 600 P
M. wP‡Î Dwj­wLZ aviYvwUi MvwYwZK we‡k­lY Ki| 3
N. Dwj­wLZ wP‡Îi ïaygvÎ S †iLvwU ev‡g ev Dc‡i ¯’vbvšw— iZ 500 V

n‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z Gi cÖwZwµqv Kxiƒc n‡e e‡j Zwz g g‡b Ki? 4 400 S D
300 R C

3  mswgkÖY Rwgi cwigvY kÖg g~jab †gvU Drcv`b cÖvwš—K Drcv`b 200

GKi (UvKv) (T gb) (MP gb) 100

A 2 1000 5 5 O A BC X

B 2 2000 10 5 K. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1

C 2 3000 15 5 L. LvRbv wK `v‡gi Ašf— z©³? 2

D 2 4000 20 5 M. Dc‡ii †iLvwP‡Î LvRbv wba©vi‡bi †Kvb ZË¡wU aiv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

K. Drcv`b Kx? 1 N. wP‡Î LvRbvi cwigvY KZ Ges Kxfv‡e LvRbv wba©vwiZ 4
n‡q‡Q? we‡k­lY Ki|
L. Ôw¯’i e¨q I cwieZ©bxq e¨q GK bqÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 9  nvwbd wgqvi `yB †Q‡j KvwiMwi cÖwk¶Y MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g ga¨cÖvP¨ fv‡jv PvKwi
M. DÏxc‡Ki m~wPi Av‡jv‡K †gvU DÕcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki m~wPi Av‡jv‡K cvÖ wš—K Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 4 jvf K‡i| Zv‡`i †cÖwiZ A_© Øviv wZwb GKwU Mvwo †givgZ KviLvbv cÖwZôv
K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b Zvi KviLvbvq 20 Rb kÖwgK Kg©iZ Av‡Q|
4  P MC AC K. Gb Gb AvB Kx? 1

P0 a L. Ôwewb‡qvM m‡qi Dci wbf©ikxjÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
P = AR = MR M. we‡`wk Kg©iZ evsjv‡`wk kÖwgK‡`i Avq RvZxq Av‡qi †Kvb
P1 b
Lv‡Zi Aš—fz©³ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb hyeK‡`i
Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× I A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb m¤¢e wKbv? †Zvgvi c‡¶
Q hyw³ `vI| 4
O Q0

K. evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1 10 DÏxcKwU co Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :

L. Ôdvg© I wkí GK bqÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 A V M1 V1 T

M. cÖ`wk©Z wPÎ n‡Z dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbYq© Ki| 3 100 5 100 5 10

N. ¯^íKv‡j dvg© ïaygvÎ wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z gybvdvB wK AR©b Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 200 5 200 5 10

5  dvinvbv I Av‡qkv `yB †evb| dvinvbv GKwU eûRvwZK cÖwZôv‡b 50 5 50 5 10

1,00,000 UvKv †eZ‡b Kg©iZ| wZwb †eZb Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
ai‡bi fvZv cvb bv| Ab¨w`‡K Av‡qkv GKwU AvBwU dv‡g©
50,000 UvKv gvwmK †eZ‡b KvR K‡ib| wZwb emev‡mi Rb¨ L. †gvevBj e¨vsK Kxfv‡e e¨vswKs Kvh©µg‡K mnR K‡i‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki m~wPwU †Kvb wewa‡K mg_©b K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
GKwU evwo webv fvovq †c‡q‡Qb| ZvQvov cÖwZ eQ‡i 7 w`‡bi N. `vg¯—‡ii mv‡_ A_©g~‡j¨i m¤úK© Kxiƒc? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
cÖwZôv‡bi Li‡P ˆe‡`wkK åg‡Yi my‡hvM cvb| 11 wg. AvKvk 'X' †`‡ki bvMwiK| †mLv‡b A‡bK bvMwiK ¯-^ D‡`¨v‡M
K. kÖwgK msN Kx? 1 wewfbœ wkí BDwbU M‡o †Zv‡j ¯^vaxbfv‡e e¨emvq K‡i| miKvi‡K
L. gRywi kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2 Ki †`b Ges miKvi RbM‡Yi wbivcËv weav‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Av‡qkvi cÖK…Z gRywi wbY©q Ki| 3 K‡ib| miKvi mivmwi Drcv`‡b AskMÖnY K‡i bv|
N. dvinvbv I Av‡qkvi gRywii g‡a¨ Kvi gRywi †ewk e‡j K. wb‡`©kKg~jK A_©e¨e¯’v Kv‡K e‡j? 1

†Zvgvi g‡b nq? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Zwz g hyw³ †`LvI| 4 L. ÔAfv‡ei †kl †bBÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

6  m¤úªwZ imyjMÄ MÖv‡g cwj­ mÂq e¨vs‡Ki GKwU kvLv ¯’vwcZ M. DÏxc‡Ki Dwj­wLZ 'X' †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v cÖPwjZ? 3
e¨vL¨v Ki|
n‡q‡Q| MÖvgwU G‡Kev‡i †QvU bq| MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk †jvK cÖvwš—K N. DÏxc‡Ki Dwjw­ LZ A_©e¨e¯’v GK A`„k¨ n¯— Øviv wbqwš¿Z
Pvwl I grm¨Rxex| D³ e¨vs‡Ki Zi“Y Kg©xiv MÖvgevmx‡`i Zv‡`i
fwel¨r `~i`„wó, m‡qi DcKvwiZv, RxehvÎvi gv‡bœvbœq‡b, †eKviZ¡
n‡q _v‡K †Zvgvi hyw³ `vI| 4

m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY  57

57 wc‡ivRcyi miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70

1  A †`‡ki bvMwiK wg. KwjÝ ¯^D‡`¨v‡M Drcv`b I e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K. kÖ‡gi `¶Zv Kx? 1
Ki‡Qb| †m‡`‡k wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨ LvZmn me LvZB e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M
cwiPvwjZ nq Ges Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g ¯^qswµqfv‡e `vg L. ÔÔAvw_©K gRywi bq, cÖK…Z gRywii gva¨‡g kÖwg‡Ki cÖK…Z

wba©vwiZ nq| e¨emv‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b wZwb Ab¨ GKwU †`k B †Z wM‡q Ae¯’v Rvbv hvqÕÕe¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡K kÖgevRv‡ii Kxfv‡e fvimvg¨ gRywi wba©vwiZ nq
†m‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi D‡ëv wPÎ Ae‡jvKb Ki‡jb| B †`‡k Drcv`b, e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
†fvM eÈb meB †K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq|
K. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ wK? 1 N. 50 I 150 UvKv gRywi‡Z kÖgevRv‡i Kxiƒc cwiw¯’wZi m„wó
n‡e? hwy ³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. wbe©vPb mgm¨v D™¢‡ei KviY Kx? 2 7  wg‡mm ÔÔYÕÕ GKRb bvix D‡`¨v³v| wZwb ¶z`ª FY Kg©m~wPi Dci
M. A †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi cÖK…wZ wbY©q K‡i Gi wZbwU ˆewkó¨ †jL| 3
N. †kÖwY‰elg¨ m„wói †¶‡Î A I B `y‡`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ GKvwaK cÖwk¶Y wb‡q‡Qb| wZwb 2 j¶ UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i
ÔÔeuvP‡Z `vIÕÕ bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| cuvP eQi ci Zvi
Zjz bv Ki| 4 cÖwZôv‡bi Avq `uvovq 7 j¶ UvKv| Gici wZwb miKvi I wewfbœ

2 Y SY D0 Y `vZv‡Mvôxi KvQ †_‡K Av‡iv 5 j¶ UvKv FY MÖnY K‡ib| 1
K. wbg¾gvb g~jab ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
F L. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv Kxfv‡e m„wó nq? 2
`vg10 `vg10 b 5D a b
D
5E M. Kxfv‡e g~jab MwVZ nq? 3
5a
N. `vZv‡Mvôx I miKvi hw` wg‡mm ÔÔYÕÕ †K FY bv w`Z
S Q
O 50 100 X O O Zvn‡jI Zvi g~jab MVb Ae¨vnZ _vKZeywS‡q †jL| 4
Q0 X 5 10

†hvMv‡bi cwigvY Pvwn`vi cwigvY Pvwn`vi cwigvY 8  evsjv‡`‡k Lv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, ¯^v¯¨’ , we`y¨r †hvMv‡hvM I
AeKvVv‡gv BZ¨vw` †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi †¶‡Î cÖZ¨¶ ev
K wPÎ L wPÎ M wPÎ c‡iv¶fv‡e miKvwi LvZ cÖavb f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| Gme

K. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j? 1 †¶‡Î NGO ¸‡jvi F‡Yi my‡`i nviI A‡bK †ewk| mgevq
L. cwieZ©K `ª‡e¨i `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ wP‡Îi †hvMv‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbYq© Ki| 3 cÖwZôvb¸‡jv mwVK wbqgKvbyb †g‡b Pj‡j, gZwe‡iva cwinvi
Ki‡j Ges e¨w³¯^v‡_©i e`‡j mgwóMZ ¯^v_© we‡ePbv Ki‡j mvaviY
N. DÏxc‡Ki ÔLÕ I ÔMÕ wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z Pvwn`vi `vg gvby‡li A‡bK DcKvi Ki‡Z cviZ| Z‡e `ybx©wZ Kwg‡q Avb‡Z
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi Zzjbvg~jK we‡k­lY Ki| 4
3  Pvwn`v mgxKiY : D = 20-2P cvi‡j miKvwi LvZB Avgv‡`i †`k‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z cviZ|
K. msMVb Kx? 1
†hvMvb mgxKiY :  8 + 2P
GLv‡b P = `vg, D = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, S = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY L. ÔÔD‡`¨v³vB msMV‡bi Ab¨Zg PvwjKvkw³ÕÕe¨vL¨v `vI| 2
M. ÔÔevsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b miKvwi Lv‡Zi f‚wgKv
K. cÖvwšK— Dc‡hvM ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1
L. ÔÔ`v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi m¤úK© cÖZ¨¶ ev me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y©ÕÕDÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj
mgmyLx|ÕÕ aviYvwU eywS‡q †jL| 2 †`k GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v `vI| 4
M. DÏxc‡K Dwjw­ LZ Pvwn`v mgxKiY n‡Z Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. `vg hLb 4 UvKv nq, ZLb DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evRv‡i Kx
ai‡bi cÖfve c‡o, Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 9 Y

4  †gvt †ejvj †nv‡mb †jLvcov †kl K‡i PvKwi K‡i Kgjv Pvl Kivi 600

wm×vš— wb‡jb| wZwb 5 GKK Rwg‡Z cÖ_g ermi 10 nvRvi UvKvi Avq/e¨q 500

kÖg I g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i 100 †KwR Kgjv Drcv`b K‡ib| 400

Kgjv Drcv`b jvfRbK nIqvi cie©Zx 4 ermi h_vµ‡g 20 300

nvRvi UvKv, 30 nvRvi UvKv, 40 nvRvi UvKv I 50 nvRvi UvKvi 200
kÖg I g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i 180 †KwR, 240 †KwR, 300 †KwR
Kgjv Drcv`b K‡ib G‡Z wZwb ¯^vej¤^x nb| 100
A B C

K. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j? 1 O X

L. kÖg wK Drcv`‡bi GKgvÎ Dcv`vb? 2 Rwg

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Drcv`b (TP) †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 K. wbU LvRbv Kx? 1
L. LvRbv †Kb †`Iqv nq? 2
N. DÏxc‡K Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki e‡j Zwz g g‡b Ki? M. Dc‡ii †iLvwP‡Î LvRbv wba©vi‡Yi †Kvb ZË¡wU Zz‡j aiv
†Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hwy ³ `vI| 4
n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
5  Y MC AC1 N. wP‡Î LvRbvi cwigvY KZ Ges Kxfv‡e LvRbv wba©vwiZ
Avq/e¨q/`vg
B AC n‡q‡Q? we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4
10  GKwU RvZxq Avq g‡Wj wb¤iœ ƒc
19 C Y = C+ I + G
14 AR = MR = P

11 I = 30, G = 70

8b C = 50 + 0.8Y

O Z K. GDPGi msÁv `vI| 1
20

Drcv`b I weµ‡qi cwigvY L. GNP I GDP Gi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© †Kgb? 2

K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
L. dvg© I wk‡íi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2
M. DÏxcK †_‡K AC Gi wfwˇZ dv‡g©i gby vdv cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 N. miKvwi e¨q AviI 50 UvKv e„w× Ki‡j cwiewZZ© Avq I
†fvM wbY©q Ki| 4
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Mo e¨q AC Gi cwie‡Z© AC | n‡j 11 GKwU †`‡ki †gvU wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY M= 100 I cÖPwjZ MwZ V
gybvdvi Dci Kx cÖfve co‡e? 4
= 20| G †`‡k e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY M = 800 Ges cÖPjb MwZ
V' =15, †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY T = 500
6 Y K. gy`ªv Kx? 1

gRywi 200 SL L. gy`ªvi g~j ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
AB
150 E M. DÏxc‡Ki †`kwU‡Z `vg¯—i wbY©q Ki| 3

100 D C N. G †`kwUi miKvi e¨vcK Dbœqbg~jK c`‡¶c †bIqvi d‡j
50
†jb‡`‡bi cwigvY †e‡o 1500 Ges e¨vsK gy`ªvi cwigvY
DL †e‡o 1000 n‡j A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e?
DÏxc‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
O 100 200 300 kÖg X

58 K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, iscyi

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_b© xwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70

1  wb‡Pi mviwYi wfwˇZ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : 6 g yRwi W
LvRbv/`vg SL
mswgkÖY avb (†g. Ub) cvU (†g. Ub)
0 e
A 50 W0

B 35 25 D

C 25 35 O L

D 0 50 K. kÖ‡gi `¶Zv Kx? L0 kÖ‡gi cwigvY 1

K. A_©bxwZ‡K `yB fv‡M fvM K‡ib †K? 1 L. `vg¯—i evo‡j cÖK…Z gRwy i‡Z †Kgb cÖfve c‡o e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K kgÖ evRv‡ii fvimvg¨ wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
L. ÒmgvRZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’vq kÖwgK †kvlY †bBÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b K‡i Zv N. ÒgRywi‡Z cwieZ©b n‡j fvimvg¨ cwieZ©b n‡eÓ wP‡Îi
Av‡jv‡K we‡k­lY Ki| 4
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. Dch³y© Av‡jvPbvq wfwˇZ 25 †g. Ub avb Ges 25 †g. Ub 7  AZxZ kÖ‡gi dj
cvU Drcv`b Kiv wK m¤¢e? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
2  wb‡Pi mviwYwU j¶ K‡i wb‡¤œv³ cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb A Drcv`bkxj
`vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Qd) †hvMv‡bi cwigvY (Qs)
2 15 5 A‡cÿvK…Z MwZkxj

3 10 10 K. g~jab Kx? 1

45 15 L. Lwbi cÖvKw… ZK M¨vm‡K g~jab ejv hv‡e Kx? †Kb? 2

K. BDwUj Kx? 1 M. DÏxc‡K 'A' †¶ÎwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. A_©bxwZ‡Z D³ aviYvi ¸i“Z¡ we‡k­lY Ki| 4
L. K…cY Ges wf¶z‡Ki †¶‡Î `ªe¨/†mev cvIqvi cÖZ¨vkv Pvwn`v 8  nvwg` Zvi `k eÜy‡K wb‡q †¯^”Qvq mgvbvwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ GKwU

wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e Kx e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 grm¨ Lvgvi M‡o †Zv‡j| wKš‘ g~ja‡bi ¯^íZv, A`¶ cwiPvjbv I
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evRvi fvimvg¨ wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi
Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 gZwe‡iv‡ai Rb¨ Zv‡`i Lvgv‡i Avkvbyiƒc gybvdv AwR©Z nqwb|
Aciw`‡K wgivR I g„š§q Pzw³i wfwˇZ ci¯ú‡ii Ici wekv¦ m I
N. Ò`vg cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evRvi fvimv‡g¨ cwieZ©b nqÓ wP‡Îi Amxg `vq`vwqZ¡ wb‡q GKwU †QvÆ KviLvbv M‡o †Zv‡j| G‡Z †h
Av‡jv‡K we‡k­lY Ki| 4
3  AvRv` mv‡ne `ywU `ªe¨ wbqwgZ e¨envi K‡ib| hLb X `ª‡e¨i `vg gybvdv AwRZ nq Zv Pwz ³ Abymv‡i ewÈZ nq|
K. dvg© Kx? 1
40 UvKv ZLb Y `ªe¨ 20 GKK µq K‡ib, Avevi X `ª‡e¨i `vg
†e‡o 60 UvKv n‡j Y `ªe¨ 40 GKK µq K‡ib| L. ÒGbwRI F‡Yi myweavi mv‡_ AmyweavI Kg bqÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K grm¨ Lvgv‡ii aib I Zvi ˆewkó¨mn
K. †iLvi Xvj Kx? 1 eY©bv Ki| 3
L. †hvMvb w¯w’ Z¯’vcKZv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K X `ª‡e¨i `v‡gi mv‡c‡¶ Y `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v N. Dchy©³ `yB Kviev‡ii g‡a¨ Zjz bv K‡i †Kvb Kviev‡ii cÖwZ
†ewk ¸i“Z¡ †`Iqv `iKvi? †m cÖm‡½ †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
†iLv A¼b K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q K‡i `ywU 9 Y
S

`ª‡e¨i cÖK…wZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki| 4 D1 F
4  wb‡Pi mviwYwU j¶ K‡i wb‡¤œv³ cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : E D1
P1
kÖg (L) g~jab (K) †gvU Drcv`b (P) ch©vq D0

P

11 10 K. wbU LvRbv Kx? O S D0 X 1
21 24 1g ch©vq
31 36 Rwgi †hvMvb

41 46 L. Rwgi De©iZvi Kvi‡Y LvRbvi D™¢e nq e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
51 54 2q ch©vq M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
61 60 N. Rwgi Pvwn`v D0D0 †_‡K D1D1-G ¯’vbvši— QvovI AviI
†hme KviY LvRbv‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4
71 60 10  GKwU wZb LvZwewkó A_©bxwZi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc :
81 56 3q ch©vq C = 100 + 0.75 Y
91 50 I = 50
G = 75
K. Mo Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1 1
L. µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`‡bi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 K. NDP-Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Drcv`b, Mo Drcv`b Ges cÖvwš—K L. Ò`xN©Kv‡j ¯^q¤Z¢‚ †fvM e¨q _v‡K bvÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbYq© Ki| 3
Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© †`LvI| 3 N. miKvwi e¨q I wewb‡qvM e¨q 20 UvKv evov‡j RvZxq Av‡q
N. Dch³y© Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ wewfbœ ch©vq we‡kl­ Y K‡i Kvg¨
ch©vq m¤^‡Ü †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 †h cÖfve co‡e Zv we‡k­lY Ki| 4

5 P/C MC AC1 AC2 9  ÔKÕ e¨vsK

P2 e FY wbqš¿Y e¨vsK I Avw_©K
cÖwZôv‡bi AwffveK
P0 f P = AR = MR †bvU cÖPjb
P1 g

O Q K. †Kvb A_©bxwZwe` A‡_©i wewbgq mgxKiY wbg©vY K‡ib? 1
Q0 L. †gvevBj e¨vswKs Kx Zv eywS‡q †jL| 2

K. Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1 M. DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? Dch³y© Kvh©vewj
L. `vg m„wóKvix evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gybvdvi cwigvY wbYq© K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

N. 'AC2 †iLv we‡ePbvq Avb‡j gybvdvq cwieZ©b nqÓ we‡k­lY Ki| 4 N. ÒD³ e¨vsKwU Ab¨vb¨ e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi AwffveKÓ
we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4

m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY  59

59 K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, w`bvRcyi

mgq2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb70

1  mygb D”P wk¶v jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ ÔKÕ †`‡k hvq| †mLv‡b †m 6  eKzj wgqv GKRb †jvK ¯¿x-mš—vbmn Zvi Qq R‡bi cwievi|

cov‡kvbvi cvkvcvwk GKwU KviLvbvq LÊKvjxb PvKwi cvq| Zvi cwiev‡i †m GKvB DcvR©bkxj e¨w³| cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z †m

gvwjK‡K KviLvbvwU ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ miKv‡ii AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb nqwb KL‡bv A‡b¨i Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i, KL‡bvI evRv‡i gvjvgvj enb K‡i

GLv‡b †m Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †h‡Kv‡bv `ªe¨ †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avevi KLbI KviLvbvq KvR K‡i| Gme Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g †h Avq nq,

K. A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Kx? 1 Zv w`‡q †Kv‡bvfv‡e †m Zvi cwiev‡ii ˆ`bw›`b cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq|

L. my‡hvM e¨q ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 K. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Kx? 1

M. ÔKÕ †`‡k †Kvb A_©e¨e¯’v cÖPwjZ? †Zvgvi cvV¨eB‡qi L. Avw_©K gRywi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2

Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 M. eKzj wgqvi KvR Kivi welqwU A_©bxwZi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

N. Zwz g Kx g‡b Ki, ÔKÕ †`‡ki †fv³viv c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv †fvM N. D³ welqwUi ˆewkó¨mg~n we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4

K‡i? †Zvgvi Dˇii ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 7  Drcv`bkxj

2  `ª‡e¨i `vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY †hvMv‡bi cwigvY AZxZ kÖ‡gi dj ? A‡cÿvK…Z MwZkxj
(P UvKv) (Qd) GKK (Qs) GKK

10 300 100

20 200 200 Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z DcKiY

30 100 300 K. †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab AwaK MwZkxj? 1

K. Pvwn`vi cÖmviY Kx? 1 L. mÂq I g~ja‡bi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

L. †hvMvb †iLv Kx me©`v Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx nq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K A †¶ÎwU Øviv †h welqwU wb‡`©k K‡i Zvi MVb

M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wP‡Îi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI| 3 N. DÏxc‡K A Øviv wb‡`©wkZ aviYvwUi cÖKvi‡f` we‡k­lY Ki| 4

N. 10 UvKv I 30 UvKv `v‡g evRvi cwiw¯’wZi Ici gše— ¨ Ki| 4 8  Y AS
Avq/e¨q
3 `ª‡e¨i GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM (TU) cÖvwšK— Dc‡hvM D
UvKv (MU) UvKv
P0 B

1 15 15 D A
D
P

2 25 10 O DX
3 30 5
Q1 Rwgi cwigvY
4 30 0
K. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1
5 25  5 L. m¤ú~Y© Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK f‚wgi †hvMvb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. wPÎ †_‡K AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 N. Rwgi Pvwn`v e„w× QvovI Avi Kx Kx Kvi‡Y LvRbv m„wó n‡Z

L. DcKiY `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi cwigvY wKfv‡e m¤úwK©Z? 2 cv‡i? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wjL| 4

M. DcwiD³ m~wPi wfwˇZ cÖvwš—K Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 9  K, L I M wZb R‡b Pzw³e× nq GKwU Kvievi cÖwZôv K‡ib|

N. DcwiD³ †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwš—K Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv wZbR‡bi gvwjKvbvi AskI mgvb bq| g~jab ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y Zviv

m¤úK© Av‡Q Kx? m~wPi Av‡jv‡K we‡kl­ Y Ki| 4 jvfevb n‡”Q bv| mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi Rb¨ Zviv †kqviI wewµ

4  kÖg I g~jab †gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšK— Dcv`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| A_P cv‡ki ÔG¨v‡c· wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbÕ
cÖwZôv‡b †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g cÖPzi g~jab msMÖn K‡i‡Q|
1 Rb I 100 UvKv 12 GKK 12 GKK K. †hŠ_ gj~ abx Kviev‡ii msÁv `vI| 1

2 Rb I 100 UvKv 22 GKK 10 GKK L. AvaywbK Drcv`b e¨e¯’vq D‡`¨v³v‡K Kviev‡ii cÖvY ejv nq †Kb? 2

3 Rb I 100 UvKv 30 GKK 8 GKK M. DÏxc‡K wZbR‡bi cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi Ges Zvi 3
ˆewk󨸇jv wjL|
4 Rb I 100 UvKv 36 GKK 6 GKK N. K, L I M Gi cÖwZôvb‡K DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq cÖwZôv‡bi g‡Zv

K. Drcv`b Kx? 1 iƒcvši— Kiv hvq Kx Ges wKfv‡e? 4

L. g~jab n‡jv Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 10 'X' †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 5000, e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv (M) =

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K K…wlLvgv‡i †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 3000, Dfq cÖKvi gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V I V) = 4, µq weµ‡qi
Rb¨ `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvY (T) = 4000| mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b X †`‡ki
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Lvgv‡i †Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? wewnZ gy`ªv I e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv wظY n‡jv|

wewawU †Kvb †¶‡Î †ewk Kvh©Ki? gZvgZ `vI| 4 K. e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1

5  MCAvq/e¨q L. Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡KÕ †Kb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ejv nq? 2
AC M. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi Av‡jv‡K DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i

120 A AVC Av‡jv‡K `vg¯i— (P) wbY©q Ki| 3
80 B P = AR = MR N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i †hvMvb I A‡_©i g~‡j¨i wecix‡Z m¤úK©
40 C
A¨vwfs wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ we‡k­lY Ki| 4
11 GKwU wZb LvZwewkó A_©bxwZi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc :
O 20 Drcv`b
C = 100 + 0.75Y, I = 100, G = 150.
K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
K. ˆØZ MYbv mgm¨v Kx? 1
L. ¶wZ Ae¯’vq GKwU dvg© ¯^íKv‡j KLb Drcv`b Kvh©µg L. m‡qi mv‡_ wewb‡qvM wKfv‡e m¤úwK©Z? 2

Pvwj‡q hvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbYq© Ki| 3

M. DÏxcK †_‡K †gvU w¯i’ e¨‡qi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 N. miKvwi e¨q 50 UvKv n«vm Kiv n‡j fvimvg¨ Av‡qi Ici Kx

N. DÏxc‡K evRv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi fvimvg¨ cÖKvk cvq we‡k­lY Ki| 4 cÖfve co‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4

NCTB KZ…©K cÖ`Ë Po‚ všÍ gvbeȇbi Av‡jv‡K

G·K¬wz mf g‡Wj †U÷ I DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb

60 G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 01 welq †KvW : 1 0 9

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv cY~ ©gvb : 30

[we. `ª. : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/ m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU Ki|]

1. mgvRZ‡š¿i RbK †K? 11. Rwni, Bgivb I Zzlvi †Kvb ai‡bi 20. †KvbwU NNI wnmv‡e AšfÍ ©³y nq bv?
KKvj© gvK©m L A¨vWvg w¯§_
M û‡Mv k¨v‡fR N gvI †mZsz msMVb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q? K †emiKvwi †fvMe¨q

2. GKRb e¨w³ `ªe¨mgn~ Zvi B”Qvbyhvqx K †hŠ_ gvwjKvbv L Askx`vwi L †emiKvwi wbU wewb‡qvM
M c‡ivÿ Ki
e¨envi Ki‡Z †h AwaKvi mgv‡Ri wbKU M cvewjK wjwg‡UW N GKKgvwjKvbv N AePq e¨q
n‡Z cvq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? 21. miKvi mvnvh¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z MY¨ n‡e?
K mvgvwRK AwaKvi L e¨w³MZ AwaKvi 12. Giƒc Kviev‡ii Amyweav n‡jv
M bvMwiK AwaKvi N e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv i. wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wej¤^ K PjwZ Avq L LPy iv Avq
3. †Kvb A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq miKvi A‡bK i. ¯’vwqZ¡ Kg M e¨w³MZ Avq N gby vdv
†ÿ‡Î wewb‡qv‡Mi D”Pmxgv wba©viY K‡i †`q? iii. n¯ÍvšiÍ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 22 I 23bs cÖ‡kœi
DËi `vI :
KwgkÖ A_© e¨e¯’vq K i I ii L i I iii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
L Bmjvwg A_© e¨e¯’vq Y

M cywu Rev`x A_© e¨e¯v’ q 13. †fv³vi AvPi‡Yi e¨vL¨v wK‡mi gva¨‡g cvIqv hvq?
N mgvRZvwš¿K A_© e¨e¯’vq
4. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Dc‡hvM †bB? K cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b L cÖvwšKÍ Dc‡hvM L K
5. K Lv`¨ L e¯¿ M cÖvwšKÍ wewb‡qvM N cÖvwšKÍ Pvwn`v Drcv`b H
6. 14. Drcv`‡bi AvPiY wK‡mi gva¨‡g cÖKvk cvq?
15. I
7.
8. M eBcÎ N mgy‡`ªi cvwb 16. K Pvwn`v †iLv D
9. †K cÖ_g µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa 17. L †hvMvb †iLv G FE
10. 18.
O A BC Rwgi ˆkÉwY
19.
eY©bv K‡ib? L gvk©vj M Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv 22. DÏxcKwU‡Z 1g †kÖwYi Rwg †KvbwU?
K P¨v¤úg¨vb N †nbwiK M‡mb N my‡hvM e¨q †iLv
M †KBÝ †gvU LvRbv †_‡K hv hv ev` w`‡j wbU K OA L AB M BC N AC

cY~ © cwÖ Z‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi 23. 1g I 2q †kÖwYi Rwgi LvRbvi cwigvY KZ?

LvRbv cvIqv hvq i. GFKL

i. GK`v‡g cY¨ weµq nq ii. FEIH
ii. eû msL¨K †µZv _v‡K
iii. GKB RvZxq cY¨ weµq nq i. gRywi ii. m`y iii. gybvdv iii. BCDE
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii
K i I ii L ii I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 24. A_©bxwZ‡Z me©cÖ_g †K wbg LvRbv
Y = C + 1 + G, GLv‡b G Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
msMVK‡K ÔwkívwabvqKÕ †K e‡j‡Qb? aviYvwU cÖeZ©b K‡ib?
K A¨vWvg w¯§_ L gvk©vj K e¨w³MZ e¨q L miKvwi e¨q
M †R Gm wgj N iweÝ M wewb‡qvM N †fvM K GWvg w¯§_ L Avj‡d«W gvk©vj
wewfbœ wkÿv cÖwZôvb hviv wk‡íi †ÿ‡Î bZzb M †WwfW wiKv‡W©v N m¨vj‡fUi
w`MšÍ D‡š§vPb K‡i Zv‡`i AvRKvj Kx e‡j? miKvi kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Ges 25. ¯’vbxq miKvi ¯’vbxq mgm¨vewj mgvav‡bi

K msMVb L g M cÖwZôvb N wb‡KZb bvbv cÖKvi Dbœqbgj~ K I RbwnZKi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †h e¨q K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
†hŠ_g~jabx Kviev‡i AwaKvsk m¤ú`
Rb¨ †h gy`ªv e¨q K‡ib Zv n‡jv miKv‡ii K ivó«xq e¨q L RvZxq e¨q

Kv‡`i nv‡Z Kwz ÿMZ nq? K mvgwMÖK e¨q L AvswkK e¨q M ¯’vbxq e¨q N Dcwi e¨q
M cÖkvmwbK e¨q N †Kv‡bvwUB bq 26. me‡P‡q Zij m¤ú` †KvbwU?
K abx‡`i L ga¨we‡Ëi K cvwb L eyw×
M Mwie‡`i N miKv‡ii g`y ªvi cwigvY w¯’i †_‡K hw` `vg¯Íi n«vm M A_© N m¤ú`

we‡`wk GbwRI¸‡jv n‡jv cvq, Z‡e g`y ªvi †hvMv‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kx N‡U? 27. cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i
i. AK¬Kvg
ii. KvwiZvm K cÖKZ… gj~ ¨ ew„ × cvq †Kvb e¨vsK?
iii. cÖwkKv L cÖKZ… g~j¨ n«vm cvq K wewb‡qvM e¨vsK L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M cÖK…Z gj~ ¨ mgvb _v‡K M Bmjvwg e¨vsK N †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
N †Kv‡bvwUB bq 28. myôz e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v cwiPvjbv K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK?
K i I ii L i I iii M iii N i, ii I iii e¨w³MZ Avq cwigv‡ci †ÿ‡Î wbU RvZxq K evsjv‡`k e¨vsK L RbZv e¨vsK

 wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 11 I 12bs Drcv`b †_‡K ev` w`‡Z nq M XvKv e¨vsK N †Kv‡bvwU bq
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. AewÈZ gybvdv 29. e¨emvqx †KvbwUi wewbg‡q `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i?
Rwni, Bgivb I Zlz vi wg‡j GKwU grm¨ ii. mgwóMZ AvqKi K gy`ªv L KvMR

Lvgvi ¯’vcb K‡i| Zviv cvi¯úwiK Av¯’v iii. n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv M eÛ N FYcÎ
30. nv‡Z a‡i ivLvi cÖeYZv‡K g`y ªvi Kx ejv nq?
I wek¦v‡mi wfwˇZ G Kvievi MVb K‡i| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K Pvwn`v L gj~ ¨

Zviv wb‡R‡`i gj~ a‡bi Abycv‡Z jvf- K i I ii L ii I iii M `vg N cwigvcK
M i I iii N i, ii I iii
ÿwZ fvM K‡i †bq|

Self test1 KLMN 2 KLMN 3 KLMN 4 KLMN 5 KLMN 6 KLMN 7 KLMN 8 KLMN 9 KLMN 10 KLMN
11 KLMN 12 KLMN 13 KLMN 14 KLMN 15 KLMN 16 KLMN 17 KLMN 18 KLMN 19 KLMN 20 KLMN
21 KLMN 22 KLMN 23 KLMN 24 KLMN 25 KLMN 26 KLMN 27 KLMN 28 KLMN 29 KLMN 30 KLMN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 K 2 N 3 K 4 N 5 N 6 N 7 L 8 K 9 K 10 K 11 L 12 N 13 L 14 L 15 N

16 L 17 K 18 K 19 K 20 N 21 M 22 K 23 K 24 L 25 M 26 M 27 N 28 K 29 K 30 K

mR„ bkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY  61

61 G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 02

mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv cY~ ©gvb : 30

1. Drcv`b ej‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi Drcv`b †evSvq? 11. †hvMvb wewa KvR K‡i bv 22. mvgwMÖK I RvZxq Avq‡K Kq fv‡e

K K…wl L wkí i. `vg evo‡j ev Kg‡j cÖKvk Kiv hvq?
ii. RbKj¨v‡Yi †ÿ‡Î
M grm¨ N Kw… l I wkí iii. Kw… l †ÿ‡Î K 2 fv‡e L 3 fv‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2. ¯^qswµq `vge¨e¯’vi wfwË Kx? M 4 fv‡e N 5 fv‡e

K m¤ú‡`i myôz e¨envi 23. hš¿cvwZ, KjKviLvbv, Noevwo BZ¨vw`i

L †kÖwY msNvZ K i L ii ÿqÿwZ‡K Kx e‡j?

M Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv M ii I iii N i I iii K gby vdv e¨q

N D‡`¨v‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv 12. †Kvb †ÿ‡Î gj~ a‡bi ¸iæZ¡ me©vwaK? L Drcv`b e¨q

3. A‡cÿ‡K mgZv wP‡ýi Wvbw`‡K †Kvb PjK _v‡K? K K…wl L wkí M LwbR N †mev M AePqRwbZ e¨q

K ¯^vaxb L Aaxb 13. A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab‡K Kx w`‡q wePvi Kiv nq? N †gvU e¨q

M wew”Qbœ N Awew”Qbœ K cÖK…Z L ivRbxwZ 24. †hvMvb wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ wbw`©ó
M Kvh©KvwiZv N mvgvwRK i. fw‚ gi
4. Elasticity Gi wfwˇZ Pvwn`v‡K Kq fv‡M
14. †ewk cwigvY F‡Yi Rb¨ my‡`i nvi
fvM Kiv hvq? ii. `vjv‡bi
K Kg L †ewk M kb~ ¨ N Amxg
K2 L3 M4 N5 iii. hš¿cvwZi
15. †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi D™¢‡ei KviY Kx?
5. A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wg ej‡Z †evSvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. m¤ú‡`i `®y~ úÖvc¨Zv
K fc‚ „ô K i L i I iii
ii. Amxg Afve
L Rwg M ii I iii N iii
iii. wbe©vP‡bi mgm¨v
M LwbR `ªe¨ 25. gy`ªv Øviv hv µq Kiv nq ZvB g`y ªvi Kx?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N cÖK…wZi mKj `vb K g~j¨ L Pvwn`v
K i I ii L ii I iii
6. g~ja‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv Av‡Q? M †hvMvb N meKqwU
M i I iii N i, ii I iii
K AvÂwjK  DÏxcKwU c‡o 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
16. †Kb gvbyl m„wói Avw`Kvj †_‡K ¯^í m¤ú‡`i
L †fŠ‡MvwjK †gveviK mv‡ne GKRb wewkó wkícwZ|
ØvivB Afve ci~ ‡Yi †Póv K‡i Avm‡Q?
M †ckvMZ wZwb GKwU e¨vsK cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Pvb|
K cwikÖg Kg n‡e e‡j
N †fŠ‡MvwjK I †ckvMZ GRb¨ wZwb †`‡ki Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q
L Afve Kg e‡j
7. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b me©cÖ_g aviYv †`b †K? Abgy wZ †P‡q Av‡e`b K‡ib|
M m¤ú` mxwgZ e‡j
K gvk©vj L wiKv‡W©v 26. m‡e©v”P Avw_©K cÖwZôvb ej‡Z †KvbwU‡K
N Afve e¨qeûj e‡j
M Uvi‡Mv N g¨vj_vm †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
17. Drcv`‡bi PviwU Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ †K
8. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai AbywgZ kZ© n‡jv K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
me©cÖ_g AskMÖnY K‡i?
i. ¯^íKvjxb mgq L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
K fw‚ g L D‡`¨v³v
ii. cÖhwy ³ w¯’i M A_© gš¿Yvjq
M kÖg N g~jab
iii. gj~ ab cwieZ©bxq N wek¦ e¨vsK
18. e¨emvq msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
27. m‡e©v”P Avw_©K cÖwZôvbwUi KvR n‡jv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K gby vdv AR©b L Rb‡mev
i. wewbgq nvi wbqš¿Y
K i I ii L ii I iii M ivó«xq DbœwZ N †fv³vi †mev
ii. †bvU I avZe g`y ªvi cÖPjb
M i I iii N i, ii I iii 19. Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii me‡P‡q eo Amyweav †KvbwU?
iii. miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K gj~ a‡bi Afve
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Avwbm wkwÿZ hyeK| †m PvKwi bv K‡i L A`ÿ e¨e¯’vcbv
evwo‡Z K‡qKRb eÜy wb‡q GKwU †cvjwUª M Askx`vi‡`i m™¢v‡ei Afve K i I ii L i I iii
dvg© w`j| G dvg© †_‡K Zviv cÖPzi wWg N cwiPvjbvi mgm¨v
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

wewµ K‡i| Zviv GLb mdj e¨emvqx| 20. wk‡íi ¸iæ`vwqZ¡ en‡bi Kg©va¨ÿ ejv nq 28. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K?
i. msMVK‡K
9. Avwbm †h dvg© M‡o Z‡z j Zv‡Z Zvi f‚wgKv wQj ii. †fv³v‡K K mgevq e¨vsK
iii. wk‡ív‡`¨v‡K
K DcKiY µq L DcKiY weµq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L mÂqx e¨vsK

M D‡`¨v³v N kÖwgK M Bmjvwg e¨vsK

N †K›`ªxq e¨vsK

10. Avwb‡mi g‡Zv dvg© M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡j cÖ‡qvRb K ii L i I iii 29. me©cÖ_g e¨wóK I mvgwóK kã `ywU †K

i. fw‚ g I kÖg M i I ii N i, ii I iii e¨envi K‡ib?

ii. Drcv`b I kÖg 21. †`‡ki Drcv`b, Avq, †fvM, wewb‡qvM K A¨vWvg w¯§_ L gvk©vj

iii. g~jab I msMVb Z_v A_©bxwZi wewfbœ Lv‡Zi Kg©aviv M i¨vMbvi wd«k N m¨vg‡y qjmb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wK‡mi wnmv‡ei g‡a¨ wbwnZ? 30. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KvR K‡i

K i L ii K e¨w³MZ Av‡qi L gybvdvi K RbM‡Yi Kv‡R L e¨w³¯^v‡_©

M i I ii N i I iii M Drcvw`Z Av‡qi N RvZxq Av‡qi M ivó«xq wbqš¿‡Y N †Kv‡bvwUB bq

Self test1 KLMN 2 KLMN 3 KLMN 4 KLMN 5 KLMN 6 KLMN 7 KLMN 8 KLMN 9 KLMN 10 KLMN
11 KLMN 12 KLMN 13 KLMN 14 KLMN 15 KLMN 16 KLMN 17 KLMN 18 KLMN 19 KLMN 20 KLMN
21 KLMN 22 KLMN 23 KLMN 24 KLMN 25 KLMN 26 KLMN 27 KLMN 28 KLMN 29 KLMN 30 KLMN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 N 2 M 3 K 4 K 5 N 6 N 7 M 8 N 9 M 10 N 11 M 12 L 13 M 14 K 15 N

16 M 17 L 18 K 19 M 20 L 21 N 22 M 23 M 24 K 25 K 27 K 28 K 29 N 30 M 26 M

NCTB KZ©…K cÖ`Ë Po‚ všÍ gvbeȇbi Av‡jv‡K

G·K¬wz mf g‡Wj †U÷ : m„Rbkxj

62 G·K¬wz mf g‡Wj †U÷ 03 welq †KvW : 1 0 9

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ cY~ ©gvb : 70

[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i co Ges mswkóø cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h †Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e|]

1  ivRb wkÿv e„wË wb‡q ÔKÕ †`‡k wM‡q jÿ K‡ib, †mLv‡b Drcv`‡bi mKj 7  wg‡mm 'R' 2012 mvj †_‡K wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡ib| fwel¨‡Zi K_v

DcKiY iv‡óªi gvwjKvbvaxb| †mLv‡b gby vdv AR©‡bi cwie‡Z© RbKj¨vY wPšvÍ K‡i Ges ZrKvjxb mg‡q e¨vs‡Ki m‡y `i nvi †ewk _vKvq wZwb

mva‡bi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq| †fv³v‡`i ¯^vaxbZv †bB| Z‡e mvgvwRK mÂq K‡ib| wZwb 2017 mv‡j 20 jÿ UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i 'L' bvgK

wbivcËv Av‡Q| †`kwUi hveZxq A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| 2018 mv‡j Zvi †gvU g~jab `vu ovq 27 jÿ

KZ©„c‡ÿi wbqš¿Yvaxb| UvKv| D³ mg‡q cwÖ ZôvbwUi ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q 2 jÿ UvKv|

K. Drcv`b m¤v¢ ebv †iLv Kx? 1 K. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv Kv‡K e‡j? 1

L. A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v †Kb mw„ ó nq? 2

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ÔKÕ †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’vi weeiY `vI| 3 L. PjwZ gj~ ab I ¯’vqx g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡`k© Ki| 2

N. ÔKÕ †`‡ki †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ©…cÿ Kxfv‡e mKj A_©‰bwZK M. wg‡mm 'R' Gi wbU gj~ ab MV‡bi nvi wbY©q Ki| 3

KgK© vÐ wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z Dcvq e¨ZxZ Avi Kx Kx Dcv‡q g~jab MVb Kiv

2  mw~ PwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkóø cÖ‡kiœ DËi `vI : hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

X-`ª‡e¨i `vg X- `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v cwigvY Y- `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`vi cwigvY 8  we‡`‡k †jLvcov wk‡L iv‡mj evsjv‡`‡k G‡m SMART TEX bv‡g GKwU

(UvKv) (GKK) (GKK) ißvwbgLy x †cvkvK KviLvbv ¯’vcb K‡i AvR wek¦e¨vcx ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GK eª¨v‡Û

28 6 iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q| A_P †`‡k Zvi eÜy mygb A‡bK †gavex nIqv m‡Ë¡I

36 8 GLv‡b D”PZi wWwMÖ wb‡q miKv‡ii wbR¯^ gvwjKvbv I cwiPvjbvq

K. A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 cwiPvwjZ cÖwZôv‡b PvKwz i K‡i wejvmnxb Rxebhvcb K‡i‡Qb|

L. †gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| 2 K. †hŠ_g~jabx Kvievi Kx? 1

M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖvß Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ X-`ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 3 L. Askx`vwi Kviev‡i †kqvi n¯vÍ šÍi cÖwµqvwU Kxiƒc? 2
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K X I Y `ª‡e¨i m¤ú‡K©i cKÖ …wZ we‡klø Y Ki| 4
3  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi `vI : M. iv‡mj Gi cÖwZôv‡bi 3wU ¸Y †jL| 3

P N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvb؇qi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi ¯’vwqZ¡ AwaK Ges

DS †Kb? gZvgZ `vI| 4

P0 9  P (`vg)

SD Q O S
O Q0 K. wbg LvRbv Kx? F
E D2
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1
D1 Q (cwigvY)
L. Pvwn`v wewa Kx me©`v Kvh©Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

M. wP‡Î DwjøwLZ aviYvwUi MvwYwZK we‡klø Y Ki| 3 1

N. DwjøwLZ wP‡Î ïaygvÎ S †iLvwU ev‡g ev Dc‡i ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡j L. µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki _vK‡j LvRbvi DrcwË

A_©bxwZ‡Z Gi cÖwZwµqv Kxiƒc n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| 4 †Kb mw„ ó n‡Zv bv? 2

4  †hvMvb mgxKiY : S =  3 + 3P

(†hLv‡b, S = †hvMv‡bi cwigvY, P = `vg) M. DÏxc‡KK E we›`y‡Z Drcv`b LiP ev †hvMvb `vg ev ¯’vbvšÍi Avq

K. evRvi fvimvg¨ Kx? 1 wbY©q Ki| 3

L. evRv‡i bZbz †µZvi AvMgb Pvwn`vi Ici Kx cÖfve †dj‡e? 2 N. Pvwn`v †iLv D1 n‡Z D2 †Z ¯’vbvšÍi n‡j LvRbv Z‡Ë¡i gj~ e³e¨

M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mgxKi‡Yi †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 cwieZ©b nq wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mgxKi‡Y †h wewawU cÖKvk cvq Zvi †Kv‡bv 10  2017-2018 A_©eQ‡i (A) †`‡k †fvM e¨q (C) 150 †KvwU UvKv|

e¨wZµg Av‡Q Kx? 4 wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) 90 †KvwU UvKv| miKvwi e¨q (G) 70 †KvwU UvKv,

5  `ª‡e¨i `vg (P) UvKvq 25 20 15 10 5 Avg`vwb e¨q (M) 50 †KvwU UvKv Ges ißvwb Avq (X) 35 †KvwU UvKv|

weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) GKK 12345 K. ¯^q¤¢Z‚ †fvM Kx? 1

K. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kx? 1 L. †Kvb Ae¯’vq wRwWwc I wRGbwc Awfbœ nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

L. µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai mv‡_ µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3

Kx cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q? 2 N. hw` e× A_©bxwZ we‡ewPZ nq Zvn‡j Kx RvZxq Avq GKB n‡e?

M. DÏxcK n‡Z MR Gi m~wP wbY©q Ki| 3 e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

N. DÏxcK n‡Z Aw¼Z AR †iLv c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii AR 11  †Kvb GKwU mgv‡R wewnZ g`y ªvi cwigvY (M) 2000 wewnZ g`y ªvi cÖPjb MwZ
(V)5, FYc‡Îi cwigvY M (1000) FYc‡Îi cÖPjb MwZ (V) 2, Ges
†iLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Kx? hyw³ `vI| 4

6  †mwjg GKwU we‡kl `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb †h, `ª‡e¨i

†Kv‡bv wbKU weKí †bB| wZwb GKKfv‡e `ªe¨wU Drcv`b I weµq K‡i †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) 100 GKK|
K. g`y ªv Kx?
_v‡Kb| G evRv‡i †Kv‡bv dvg© cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb cÖPiz gybvdvI 1

AR©b K‡i‡Qb| L. Amxg wewnZ g`y ªv Øviv †h‡Kv‡bv eo A‡¼i †jb‡`b Kiv hvq

K. evRvi Kx? 1 e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

L. GK‡PvwUqv Kvievwi Kx GKB mv‡_ `vg I cwigvY‡K wbqš¿Y

Ki‡Z cv‡i? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ZË¡wU wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wewfbœ `ª‡e¨i evRv‡ii cwiPq `vI| 3 N. A‡_©i cwigvY 2 ¸Y Ki‡j `ª‡e¨i `vg 2 ¸Y Ges A‡_©i gj~ ¨

N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z evRv‡ii A¯v^ fvweK gybvdvmn fvimvg¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 A‡a©K n‡e Kx? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡klø Y Ki| 4

mR„ bkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY  63

63 G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ 04

mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ c~Y©gvb : 70

1  Rbve 'X PvKzwi m~‡Î 'A' †`‡k emevm K‡ib| †mLv‡b mKj wKQz 6  wg. nK mv‡ne wb‡Ri wKQz UvKv gj~ ab wb‡q XvKvq GKwU †cvjwUª

ivóª KZ©…K wbqwš¿Z| Aciw`‡K, Zvi eo fvB 'B' †`‡k evm K‡ib wkí ¯’vcb K‡ib| Drcv`‡bi LiP †ewk nIqvi Kvi‡Y jvf Ki‡Z

†hLv‡b e¨w³ †fvM I Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î m¤úY~ © ¯^vaxb bq| †Kvb †Kvb cviwQ‡jb bv| GgZve¯v’ q wZwb KuvPvgvj I kÖ‡gi mnRj¨fZvi

†ÿ‡Î †`kwUi KZ©…cÿ cÖfve we¯vÍ i K‡i| Kvi‡Y kni †Q‡o MÖv‡g Zvi dvg©wU ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| G‡Z MÖv‡gi

K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kv‡K e‡j? 1 wKQz †eKvi †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb nq Ges wZwbI jvfevb nb|

L. Ô¯^qwµq `vg e¨e¯’vÕ aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 K. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv ej‡Z Kx eyS? 1

M. DÏxc‡K 'A' †`‡k †h A_©e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb Zvi †bwZevPK L. mÂq Kxfv‡e gj~ ab MVb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2

w`K¸‡jv Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki wg. nK mv‡n‡ei †ÿ‡Î gj~ a‡bi †hB MwZkxjZv

N. 'B' †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v 'A' †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v A‡cÿv †Kb n‡q‡Q Zvi KviY¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

DËg? we‡kølY Ki| 4 N. A_©bxwZ‡Z D³ MwZkxjZvi cÖfve we‡kølY Ki| 4

2  wg. AvKvk 'X' †`‡ki bvMwiK| †mLv‡b A‡bK bvMwiK ¯-^ D‡`¨v‡M 7  †gv. BRvR avb gvovB‡qi GKwU †gwkb µq K‡ib| wb‡Ri Rwgi

wewfbœ wkí BDwbU M‡o †Zv‡j ¯^vaxbfv‡e e¨emv K‡i| miKvi‡K avb gvovB‡qi cvkvcvwk A‡b¨i Rwgi avb gvovB K‡iI cÖwZeQi

Ki †`b Ges miKvi RbM‡Yi wbivcËv weav‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb A‡bK UvKv DcvR©b K‡ib|

K‡ib| miKvi mivmwi Drcv`‡b AskMÖnY K‡i bv| K. g~jab Kx? 1

K. wb‡`©kKg~jK A_©e¨e¯’v Kv‡K e‡j? 1 L. ¯’vqx I PjwZ gj~ a‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx? 2

L. ÔAfv‡ei †kl †bBÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K Dwjwø LZ Dcv`v‡bi DcKiYwUi ˆewk󨸇jv †jL| 3

M. DÏxc‡K Dwjwø LZ 'X' †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©e¨e¯’v cÖPwjZ? N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Drcv`‡bi DcKiYwUi Kvh©vewj

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4

N. DÏxc‡K Dwjwø LZ A_©e¨e¯’v GK A`„k¨ n¯Í Øviv wbqwš¿Z 8  KvRj, e¨w³MZ wKQz gj~ ab wb‡q GKwU I‡qjwWs †gwkb KviLvbv

n‡q _v‡K †Zvgvi hyw³ `vI| 4 cÖwZôv K‡ib| wKQwz `b ci Zvi Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v ew„ × cvq|

3  †nv‡Uj e¨emvqx Rbve Kv‡kg wcqv‡Ri `vg 30 UvKv n‡Z 90 Pvwn`v Abhvqx `ª‡e¨i †hvMv‡bi ew„ ×i cÖ‡qvR‡b KviLvbvi AvqZb

UvKv nIqvq wcqvR µq 50 †KwR n‡Z 20 †KwR‡Z n«vm K‡ib eo Ki‡Z cjvk I RvwK‡ii m‡½ h³y n‡q KviLvbvwUi AvKvi e„w×

Ges Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ mgPy v ˆZwi eÜ †NvlYv K‡ib| wKš‘ K‡ib| G‡Z `ªe¨ mieivn e„w× cvq|

wcqvR Drcv`bKvix wd‡ivR `vg ew„ ×i mv‡_ mv‡_ 50 †KwRi ¯’‡j K. BRAC-Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL| 1
L. msMVb‡K wk‡íi PvjK ejv nq †Kb? 2
80 †KwR wcqvR weµ‡qi Rb¨ evRv‡i wb‡q Av‡mb|

K. wbK…ó ev wM‡db `ª‡e¨i GKwU Pvwn`v A‡cÿK †jL| 1 M. KvR‡ji cÖwZwôZ KviLvbvwUi ˆewkó¨ †jL| 3

L. ¯^‡Y©i Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK nq †Kb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Kviievimg~‡ni cv_©‡K¨i Av‡jv‡K †KvbwU

M. Rbve Kv‡k‡gi Kg©KvÐ A_©bxwZi †Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wewai mv‡_ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK e‡j Zwz g g‡b Ki| 4

mvgÄm¨cY~ © e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 9  GKwU wZb LvZwewkó A_©bxwZi Z_¨ †`Iqv n‡jv :

N. Rbve wd‡iv‡Ri Kg©KvЇK wK GKB wewa‡K mg_©b K‡i C = 100 + 0.75Y Ges I = 200, G = 250
K. cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM Kv‡K e‡j?
we‡kølY Ki| 4 1

4  wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖk¸œ ‡jvi DËi `vI : L. ÒmÂq nj wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwËÓe¨vL¨v Ki| 2

P, R, C M. DÏxc‡K cÖvß Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3

MC N. miKvwi e¨q 50 GKK n«vm Kiv n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi

P1 F AC Dci wK cÖfve co‡e DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
G
P2 10  GKwU †`‡ki RvZxq Avq m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc :

E AR wbU RvZxq Drcv`b = 10,000 †KvwU UvKv, AePq e¨q = 1,500
MR
Q UvKv, wbU ißvwb = 2,000 †KvwU UvKv|

O Q0 K. mvgwMÖK Avq Kx? 1

K. Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡ii msÁv `vI| 1 L. cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZvi gvb k‡~ b¨i †P‡q †ewk wKš‘ GK‡Ki

L. ÔGK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí AwfbœÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 †P‡q Kg nq e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

M. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ dvg©wU †Kvb ai‡bi gybvdv cwiw¯’wZ‡Z M. D³ †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b I †gvU †`kR Drcv`b

Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q Zv wbY©q Ki| 3 wbY©q Ki| 3

N. Dwjwø LZ dvg©wU ¯^íKv‡j ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i Drcv`b Pvwj‡q N. (X  M) = 0 n‡j DcwiD³ †`‡ki GNP I GDP-†Z †Kvb

hv‡e Zv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4 ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avm‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4

5  dvinvbv I Av‡qkv `yB †evb| dvinvbv GKwU eûRvwZK cÖwZôv‡b 11  'X' †`‡ki wewnZ g`y ªvi cwigvY (M) = 5000, e¨vsK m„ó g`y ªv (M) =

1,00,000 UvKv †eZ‡b Kg©iZ| wZwb †eZb Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv 3000, Dfq cÖKvi g`y ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V I V) = 4, µq-weµ‡qi

ai‡bi fvZv cvb bv| Ab¨w`‡K Av‡qkv GKwU AvBwU dv‡g© Rb¨ `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvY (T) = 4000| mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b X †`‡ki

50,000 UvKv gvwmK †eZ‡b KvR K‡ib| wZwb emev‡mi Rb¨ wewnZ gy`ªv I e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv wظY n‡jv|

GKwU evwo webv fvovq †c‡q‡Qb| ZvQvov cÖwZeQ‡i 7 w`‡bi K. e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1

cÖwZôv‡bi Li‡P ˆe‡`wkK åg‡Yi my‡hvM cvb| L. Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡KÕ †Kb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ejv nq? 2

K. kÖwgK msN Kx? 1 M. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi Av‡jv‡K DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë

L. gRwy i kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2 Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K `vg¯iÍ (P) wbY©q Ki| 3

M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Av‡qkvi cÖK…Z gRywi wbY©q Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i †hvMvb I A‡_©i g~‡j¨i wecix‡Z

N. dvinvbv I Av‡qkvi gRywii g‡a¨ Kvi gRywi †ewk e‡j m¤úK© Aviwfs wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ

†Zvgvi g‡b nq? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Zzwg hwy ³ †`LvI| 4 we‡kølY Ki| 4