Chemistry 1st & 2nd

| 799. Gi †hŠ‡Mi bvgKiY IUPAC Kx? K 3, 3, 3- Trimethyl-1-Propen L 1, 1, 1 – Trimethyl – 2 – Propen M 3, 3 – Dimethyl. but – 1 – ene N 2, 2 – Dimethyl. but – 1 – ene 800. Butadiene enb K‡iK Kve©b cigvYyi sp msKiY L Kve©b cigvYyi sp2 msKiY M Kve©b cigvYyi sp I sp2 Dfq msKiY N Kve©b cigvYyi sp3 msKiY অধ্যায় ০৩: পরেমাণগত েসায়ি 1. M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K GK †gvj KwVb c`v‡_©i AvqZb L GK †gvj Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb M GK †gvj M¨vmxq c`v‡_©i AvqZb N GK †gvj KwVb I †gvj Zij c`v‡_©i Avqb 2. ‡gvjvi AvqZ‡bi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl f~wgKv iv‡LK e‡q‡ji m~Î L Pvj©‡mi m~Î M A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªvi m~Î N e¨vcb m~Î 3. GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mKj M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZb KZ? K 2.24 wjUvi L 22.4 wjUvi M 24.2 wjUvi N 224 wjUvi 4. SATP ‡Z 25C ZvcgvÎv I 1atm Pv‡c M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZb KZ? K 2.24 wjUvi L 22.4 wjUvi M 24.789 wg. wjUvi N 24.789 wjUvi 5. STP ‡Z 22.4L M¨v‡m AYy _v‡KK 6.023 1023 wU L 3.012 1023 wU M 6.023 10-23 wU N 3.012 10-23 wU 6. STP ‡Z GK †gvj M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ? K 22.4 wjUvi L 24.789 wjUvi M 22.2 wjUvi N 224 wjUvi 7. STP- ‡Z †Kvb M¨v‡mi 6.023 1023 wU AYyi AvqZb KZ? K 22400 wjUvi L 24789 wjUvi M 22.4 wjUvi N 24.789 wjUvi 8. c`v‡_©i GKwU AYyi fi = ? K L M N 9. ‡gŠ‡ji GKwU cigvYyi fi KZ? K 2 3 3 3 CH CH CH | CH | CH C 23 6.02310 MÖvg cvigvYweK fi 23 6.02310 MÖvg AvYweK fi 22.4 MÖvg cvigvYweK fi 22.4 MÖvg AvYweK fi 23 6.02310 ‡gŠ‡ji MÖvg AvYweK fi

| L M N 10. GKwU HCl AYyi fi KZ? K 6.06 10-23 kg L 6.06 10-23 g M 6.06 10-22 g N 6.023 1023 g 11. GKwU cvwbi AYyi fi KZ? K 2.98 10-23 g L 2.98 10-23 kg M 6.023 10-23 g N 6.023 10-23 kg 12. cÖgvY Ae¯’vq 1.7 g NH3 M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ? K 22.4 dm3 L 2.24 dm3 M 0.224 dm3 N 0.0224 dm3 13. 1 ‡gvj cvwb‡Z KZ¸‡jv nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYy_v‡K? K 6.023 1022 wU L 6.023 1023 wU M 12.04 1023 wU N 36 wU 14. GK †gvj Na2CO3 n‡jvK 98 g L 106 M 106 g N 98 15. STP ‡Z 6.023 1023 wU CO2 M¨v‡mi AYyi fi KZ? K 44 g L 33 g M 22 g N 11 g 16. 2.016 H2 G cigvYyi msL¨vK 6.023 1023 L 12.04 1024 M 3.011 1023 N 2 6.023 1023 17. Kve©‡bi cvigvYweK fi 12| Zvn‡j 2 †gvj Kve©b ej‡Z †evSvqK 12 g Kve©b L 24 g Kve©b M 6 g Kve©b N 144 g Kve©b 18. 1 ‡gvj eÜb ej‡Z †evSvq? K 1.66 1019 wU eÜb L 6.023 1023 wU eÜb M 6.023 10-23 wU eÜb N 6.023 1024 wU eÜb 19. ‡Kv‡bv e¯‘i GK †gv‡j hZ msL¨K AYy _v‡K, †mB msL¨v‡K wK e‡j? K A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv msL¨v L †gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK M †evëg¨vb aªæeK N jkwgU msL¨v 20. CO2 Gi GKwU AYyi mg GKK KZ? K 7.3065 10-23 L 7.3065 10-26 M 7.3065 10-22 N 7.3065 10-20 21. ‡gvj msL¨v, AYyi msL¨v I A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi msL¨vi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kx? K AYyi msL¨v = A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv msL¨v ‡gvj msL¨v L AYyi msL¨v = A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv msL¨v †gvj msL¨v M A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv msL¨v = †gvj msL¨v AYyi msL¨v N A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv msL¨v = †gvj msL¨v AYyi msL¨v 22. cÖgvY Ae¯’vq 2.0dm3 wg‡_b M¨v‡m AYyi msL¨v KZ? K 5.38 1022 wU L 5.38 1023 wU M 6.023 1023 wU N 5.38 10-22 wU 23. 500wU ¯^vÿi w`‡Z MÖvdvBU †cw݇ji 55.6mg ÿq nq| cÖwZwU ¯^vÿ‡i KZwU Kve©b cigvYy _v‡K? K 5.581 1018 wU L 5.58 1021 wU M 6.53 1018 wU N 6.53 1021 wU 24. mvjdv‡ii AvYweK ms‡KZ S8| 500g mvjdv‡ii †gvj msL¨v KZ? K 2 †gvj L 2.5 †gvj M 1.95 †gvj N 2.95 †gvj 25. 19.6g H2SO4 G KqwU S cigvYy Av‡Q? K 12.046 1022 L 6.023 1022 M 12.046 1023 N 6.023 1023 26. KZ †gvj C2H4O2 ‡Z 6.023 1023 wU nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYy _v‡K K 0.5 ‡gvj L 1.0 ‡gvj M 0.25 ‡gvj N 1.25 ‡gvj 27. ‡Kv‡bv †gŠj ev †hŠ‡Mi AvYweK fi‡K MÖv‡g cÖKvk Ki‡j †h cwigvY cvIqv ‡gŠ‡ji ev †hŠ‡Mi H cwigvY‡K wK ejv nq? K †gvj L †gvjvi AvqZb 22.4 ‡gŠ‡ji MÖvg AvYweK fi 23 6.02310 ‡gŠ‡ji MÖvg cvigvYweK fi 22.4 ‡gŠ‡ji MÖvg cvigvYweK fi

| M A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªvi msL¨vN AYy 28. GK †gvj CO2 = ? K 32g L 44g M 32 N 44 29. 14g bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡m KZ †gvj? K 1 †gvj L 2 †gvj M †gvj N 4 †gvj 30. ‡K¬vwib M¨v‡mi GK †gvjK 35.5 g L 71 g M 71 N 35.5 31. ‡gŠ‡ji cvigvYweK fi‡K MÖv‡g cÖKvk Ki‡j †h cwigvY cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? K MÖvg cvigvYweK fi L MÖvg AvYweK fi M cvigvYweK fi N AvYweK fi 32. GK †gvj cigvYy Aw·‡Rb = ? K 32 L 16 M 32g N 16g 33. GK †gvj cvigvYweK fi Kve©b = ? K 12 g L 6 g M 12 N 16 34. 12 g Kve©‡b KZwU Kve©b cigvYy _v‡K? K 6.023 1022 L 6.023 1023 M 12.04 1023 N 3.012 1023 35. 32g SO2 G KZwU Aw·‡Rb cigvYy _v‡K? K 6.0231023 L 12.0461023 M 3.0121023 N 6.0231023 36. 20 g f‡ii GKwU M¨vm STP-‡Z 6.309 dm3 AvqZb `Lj K‡i| M¨vmwUi bvg wK? K O2 L N2 M NH3 N Cl2 37. 1 ‡duvUv cvwbi AvqZb 1 mL n‡j Ges 1 ‡duvUv cvwb‡K Rjxq ev‡®ú cwiYZ Ki‡j STP ‡Z ev‡®úi AvqZb KZ? K 1.30 dm3 L 1.244 dm3 M 2.244 dm3 N 2.30 dm3 38. STP ‡Z 1.0 105 dm3 wg‡_b M¨vm †÷v‡iR U¨vs‡K Av‡Q| G‡Z KZ †gvj wg‡_b Av‡Q? K 5 103 †gvj L 4.46 ‡gvj M 5 ‡gvj N 4.461 103 †gvj 39. STP ‡Z 1500 dm3 N2 M¨vm n‡Z NH3 cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z KZ dm3 H2 M¨vm cÖ‡qvRb n‡e? K 4500 dm3 L 450 dm3 M 45 dm3 N 4.5 dm3 40. KwVb Kve©b I Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi ivmvqwbK wewµqvq M¨vmxq Kve©b WvBA·vBW Drcbœ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î ivmvqwbK mgxKiY †KvbwU? K C + O2 CO2(g) L C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) M C(s) O2 CO(g) N C + O2 CO2 41. wewµqvq Drcbœ CO2 Gi AvqZb STP ‡Z KZ? K 44.8L L 22.4L M 44.8 N 22.4 42. 2NH4Cl(6) + CaO(s) CaCl2(s) + H2O + 2NH3(g); STP ‡Z Drcbœ NH3 M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ? K 44.8dm3 L 22.4dm3 M 44.8 N 22.4 43. 90% weï× 210g bgybvq weï× Pzbvcv_‡ii cwigvY KZ? K 200 g L 199 g M 189 g N 190 g 44. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2; STP- ‡Z Drcbœ CO2 M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ? K 22.8 dm3 L 22.4 dm3 M 24.789 dm3 N 44.8 dm3 45. 2 ZnO + C 2 Zn + CO2; wewµqv Abyhvqx 20g ZnO n‡Z cÖgvY Ae¯’vq KZ AvqZb CO2 cvIqv hv‡e? K 2.7518 dm3 L 22.4 dm3 M 3.4532 dm3 N 1.7518 dm3 46. 120g cUvwmqvg †K¬v‡iU (KClO3) ‡K 750C ZvcgvÎvq DËß K‡i KZ AvqZb Aw·‡Rb cvIqv hv‡e? 2 1 CaCO CaO CO (g); 3 2

| K 30.8874 dm3 L 32.8874 dm3 M 22.40 dm3 N 31.8874 dm3 47. 2Mg + 4HCl 2MgCl2 + 2H2; wewµqvq Drcbœ H2 M¨v‡mi AvqZb STP ‡Z KZ? K 22.4 dm3 L 44.8 dm3 M 24.789 dm3 N 49.578 dm3 48. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 : SATP-‡Z Drcbœ NH3 M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ? K 49.578 dm3 L 44.8 dm3 M 24.789 dm3 N 47.578 dm3 49. 45.0 g NaN3 we‡qvR‡b 30C I 1.15 atm Pv‡c KZ AvqZb N2 M¨vm Drcbœ n‡e? K 20.5L L 21.5L M 22.5L N 32.5L 50. SATP ‡Z †gvjvi AvqZbK 22.4L mol -1 L 24.04L mol -1 M 24.789L mol -1 N 22.04L mol -1 51. H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g); wewµqvq Drcv` M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZb STP ‡Z KZ? K 2 24.789 L ev dm3 L 2 22.4 L ev dm3 M 24 24.789 L ev dm3 N 22 4 L ev dm3 52. wewµq‡Ki †fŠZ Ae¯’v Kq cÖK…wZi n‡Z cv‡i? K Pvi L wZb M `yB N cuvP 53. Drcv‡`i †fŠZ Ae¯’v Kq cÖK…wZi n‡Z cv‡i? K wZb L Pvi M cuvP N `yB 54. GKB ZvcgvÎv I P‡c mKj M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZb mgvb Ges cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c Zv 22.4 dm3 | GwUK e‡q‡ji m~Î L Pvj©‡mi m~Î M A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªvi m~Î N Wvë‡bi m~Î 55. 25g weï× Pzbvcv_i bgybv‡K AwZwi³ HCl G `ªexf~Z K‡i KZ f‡ii CO2 cvIqv hv‡e? K 11 g L 44 g M 22 g N 5.5 g 56. †jvwnZ Zß Avqib cvB‡ci ga w`‡q Kx cwigvY w÷g Pvjbv Ki‡j 20g H2 (g) ‰Zwi n‡e? K 170 g L 175 g M 180 g N 280 g 57. AvYweK fi, †gvjvi AvqZb I †gv‡ji g‡a¨ m¤úK© wb‡`k© K‡i †KvbwU? K AvYweK fi = GK MÖvg AYy = GK †gvj = STP †Z 22.4 dm3 L AvYweK fi = GK †gvj = GK MÖvg AYy M AvYweK fi = STP †Z 22.4 dm3 N GK †gvj = STP †Z 22.4 dm3 58. 160 g H2O2-Gi we‡qvR‡b wK cwigvY Aw·‡Rb Drcbœ nq K 74.294 g L 75.294 g M 13.6 g N 140. 32 g 59. 500 CaC2- Gi mv‡_ cvwbi wewµqvq KZ AvqZb A¨vwmwUwjb (C2H2) Drcbœ n‡e? K 15.75 dm3 L 17.79 dm3 M 274.9 dm3 N 174.94 dm3 60. 300 kg weï× mvjdvi †_‡K Kx cwigvY SO2 Drcbœ n‡e? K 6.31 104 g L 6.0 105 g M 9.31 105 g N 6.0 104 g 61. wjwgwUs wewµqK wewµqv †k‡lK AwZwi³ _v‡K L _v‡K bv M AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K N mxwgZ cwigv‡Y _v‡K 62. CH4 + 202 CO2 + 2H2O; wewµqv Abymv‡i hw` 2 ‡gvj CH4 Gi mv‡_ 2 ‡gvj O2 wewµqv Kiv‡bv nq Z‡e wjwgwUs wewµqK †KvbwU n‡e? K CH4 L O2 M CO2 N H2O 63. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 wewµqv Abymv‡i 100g Aewkó _vK‡e- CaCO3Gi mv‡_ 36.5g HCl wewµqv Ki‡j wewµqv †k‡l Aewkó _vK‡eK CaCO3 L HCl M CaCl2 N CO2

| 64. 90% weï× Pzbvcv_‡ii 200g ‡K DËß Ki‡j †h cwigvY CO2 cvIqv hvq Zv‡K m¤ú~Y©i~‡c Na2CO3 G cwiYZ Ki‡Z wK cwigvY NaOH jvM‡e? K 244 g L 144 g M 190.43 g N 290.43 g 65. 10 g KClO3‡K m¤ú~Y©i~‡c we‡qvwRZ Ki‡j SATP ‡Z KZ cm3 O2 cvIqv hv‡e? K 2742.857 cm3 L 3035.387 cm3 M 274.28 cm3 N 303.53 cm3 66. 4NH3 (g) + 502(g) 4 NO(g) +6H2O wewµqv Abymv‡i 2 ‡gvj NH3 Gi mv‡_ 2.5 ‡gvj O2 m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wewµqv Ki‡j wK cwigvY wewµqK wewµqv †k‡l Aewkó _vK‡e? K 0.5 ‡gvj NH3 L 1.0 ‡gvj NH3 M 0.5 ‡gvj O2 N †Kv‡bv wewµqK Aewkó _vK‡e bv 67. wewµqvnxb M¨vm wgkªY Gi cÖ‡Z¨K Dcv`vb GKKfv‡e wgkª‡Yi mgMÖ AvqZb `Lj K‡i †h Pvc †`q, Zv‡K H Dcv`vb M¨v‡mi wK e‡j? K Pvc L ev®úPvc M AvswkK Pvc N AvqZb e‡j 68. cixÿvMv‡i evqygÛ‡ji Pvc wbY©q Kiv nq †KvbwUi mvnv‡h¨? K w¯ú‡WvwgUvi L e¨v‡ivwgUvi M _v‡g©vwgUvi N †µv‡bvwgUvi 69. cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq M¨vm‡K †Kvb cÖwµqvq msMÖn Ki‡Z nq? K evqyi wbgœgyLx AcmviY L cvwbi wbgœgyLx AcmviY M cvwbi EaŸ©gyLx AcmviY N evqyi EaŸ©gyLx AcmviY 70. ga¨g, mwµq Zn I jNyHCl Gi wewµqvq Drcbœ M¨vm‡K †Kvb cÖwµqvq msMÖn Kiv nq? K cvwbi wbgœgyLx AcmviY L cvwbi EaŸ©gyLx AcmviY M evqyi wbgœgyLx AcmviY N evqyi EaŸ©gyLx AcmviY 71. `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ †hme GKK Pvjy Av‡Q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †KvbwU? K †gvjvwiwU L †gvjvwjwU M bigvwjwU N me¸‡jv 72. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv `ªe‡Yi cÖwZ wjUvi AvqZ‡b GK †gvj `ªe `ªexf~Z _vK‡j †m `ªeY‡K wK e‡j? K †gvjvj `ªeY L †gvjvi `ªeY M bigvj `ªeY N m¤ú„³ `ªeY 73. GKwU `ªe‡Yi cÖwZ wjUvi 98 g H2SO4 `ªexf~Z _vK‡j †m `ªeYwU‡K wK ejv nq? K H2SO4 Gi ‡mwg‡gvjvi `ªeY L H2SO4 Gi †Wwm‡gjvi `ªeY M H2SO4 Gi †gvjvi `ªeY N H2SO4 Gi †gvjvj `ªeY 74. †Kv‡bv `ªe‡Yi cÖwZ wjUv‡i 10.6g Na2CO2 `ªexf~Z _vK‡j H `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv n‡eK 1.0 M L 2.0 M M 0.1 M N 0.01 M 75. †gvjvi `ªeY wbY©q K‡iK f‡ii Ici L cv‡Îi Ici M ZvcgvÎvi Ici N Pv‡ci Ici 76. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv `ªe‡Yi cÖwZ wjUvi AvqZ‡b 0.1 ‡gvj `ªe `ªexf~Z _vK‡j †m `ªeY‡K ejv nqK `ªe‡Yi `kgvsk †gvjvi `ªeY L †Wwm‡gvjvi `ªeY M †mwg †gvjvi `ªeY N K I L DfqB 77. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq cÖwZ wjUvi `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei MÖvgAvYweK fi ev †gvj msL¨v‡K wK e‡j? K bigvwjwU L †gvjvwiwU M †gvjvwjwU N †gvj fMœvsk 78. †gvjvwiwUi GKK Kx? K L mol L L mol-1 M mol L-1 N mol L -1 K -1 79. GK wjUvi `ªe‡Y 106g Na2CO3 `ªexf~Z _vK‡j H `ªe‡Yi †gvjvwiwU KZ n‡e?

| K 10 mol L-1 L 1 mol L-1 M 0.1 mol L-1 N 1 L mol-1 80. †gvjvwiwU, `ªe‡Yi fi I `ªe‡Yi AvqZ‡bi ga¨Kvi mwVK m¤úK© †KvbwU? K wjUv‡i `ªe‡Yi AvqZb = †gvjvwiwU †gvj GK‡K `ª‡ei fi L †gvj GK‡K `ª‡ei fi = †gvjvwiwU wjUv‡i `ªe‡Yi AvqZb M †gvjvwiwU = †gvj GK‡K `ª‡ei fi wjUv‡i `ªe‡Yi AvqZb N †gvjvwiwU = †gvj GK‡K `ª‡ei fi wjUv‡i `ªe‡Yi AvqZb 81. †mvwWqvg Kve©‡bi 500 mL ‡Wwm‡gjvi `ªe‡Y KZ MÖvg `ªe `ªexf~Z _vK‡e? K 10.5 g L 5.3 g M 0.53 g N 1.06 g 82. 30mL 0.25M HCl `ªe‡Y HCl Gi †gvj msL¨v KZ? K 0.75 mole L 0.075 mole M 0.0075 mole N 0.00075 mole 83. †Kv‡bv `ªe‡Yi †gvjvwiwU wnmve Kivi we‡eP¨ welq n‡jvK `ªe‡Yi †gvU AvqZbL `ªve‡Ki cwigvY M `ª‡ei cwigvY N K I M Dfq 84. 250 mL AvqZ‡bi d¬v‡¯‹ 1.5 ‡gvj `ªe wb‡q 250 mL `ªeY ˆZwi Ki‡j H `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K 2M L 4M M 6M N 8M 85. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv `ªe‡Y wbw`©ó AvqZ‡b `ª‡ei cwigvY Rvbv _vK‡j †m `ªeY‡K Kx e‡j? K m¤ú„³ `ªeY L wgkª `ªeY M †gvjvi `ªeY N cÖgvY `ªeY 86. 250 ML 0.1M Na2CO3 `ªeY ˆZwi Ki‡Z KZ MÖvg Na2CO3 cÖ‡qvRb? K 2.56 g L 2.65 g M 2.46 g N 26.5 g 87. 250 mL cvwb‡Z 1.0 gm NaOH wgwk‡q `ªeY ˆZwi Ki‡j D³ `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K 1M L 0.1 M M 0.01 M N 0.001 M 88. H2SO4 Gi †gvjvi NbgvÎv bigvj NbgvÎviK wظY L Pvi¸Y M mgvb N A‡a©K 89. 2.0L `ªe‡Y 80g NaOH `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎvK 2.0 M L 1. 0 M M 0. 5 M N 0.2 M 90. 0.5M NaOH `ªeY ej‡Z †evSvqK 1 kg `ªe‡Y 40 g NaOH `ªexf~Z Av‡Q L 1 kg `ªe‡Y 20g NaOH `ªexf~Z Av‡Q M 1 L `ªe‡Y 20g NaOH `ªexf~Z Av‡Q N 1 L `ªe‡Y 40g NaOH `ªexf~Z Av‡Q 91. †gvjvwiwUi †P‡q †gvjvwjwUi myweav †ewk, KviYK †gvjvwiwUi mvnv‡h¨ cÖK…Z NbgvÎv Rvbv hvq bv L †gvjvwiwU ZvcgvÎv wbf©ikxj bq M †gvjvwiwUi mvnv‡h¨ Lye Kg NbgvÎv wbY©q Kiv hvq N †gvjvwiwU ZvcgvÎv wbf©i wKš‘ †gvjvwiwU ZvcgvÎvi Ici wbf©ikxj bq 92. 9.8 g H2SO4 100 mL `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K 0.01 M L 0.1 M M 0.05 M N 0.5 M 93. GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv V wjUvi `ªe‡Y n ‡gvj `ªe `ªexf~Z _vK‡j G `ªe‡Yi †gvjvi NbgvÎvK mol L-1 L mol L-1 M V n mol L-1 N L mol-1 94. †gvjvi `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 1 M L 2 M M 0.1 M N 0.5 M 95. †Wwm‡gvjvi `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv n‡jvK 0.1 M L 0.01 M M 0.5 M N 1 M 96. †mw›U †gvjvi `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv n‡jvK 0.1 M L 0.001 M v n N V v n

| M 0.01 M N 1 M 97. ‡gvjvwiwU ej‡Z †evSvqK L M N `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v wjUv‡i `ªe‡Yi AvqZb 98. GK wjUvi `ªe‡Y Aa©‡gvj `ªe _vK‡j H `ªeY‡K ejv nqÑ K †gvjvi `ªeY L †mwg‡gvjvi `ªeY M †mw›U‡gvjvi `ªeY N †mwg‡gvjvi `ªeY 99. 250mL ‡mwg‡gvjvi Na2CO3 `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z KZ MÖvg Na2CO3 jvM‡e? K 13.25g L 26.50g M 2.65g N 1.325g 100. 2.355g H2SO4 50mL `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K 0.480M L 4.80M M 0.048 M N 2.08 M 101. evwYwR¨K nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK Gwm‡Wi 12.0M Rjxq `ªe‡Yi 300mL G KZ †gvj HCl _v‡K? K 0.36 mole L 3.0 mole M 3.6 mole N 4.0 mole 102. 0.20M 125mL NaHCO3 `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z KZ MÖvg NaHCO3 jvM‡e? K 2.4g L 2.1g M 0.21g N 3.1g 103. 650mL 2.50M H2SO4 `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z KZ †gvj H2SO4 cÖ‡qvRb? K 0.25 mole L 16.2 mole M 1.62 mole N 2.5 mole 104. ¯^vfvweK i‡³ †Kv‡j‡÷ij (C27H46O) Gi NbgvÎv 0.005 M n‡j 250 mL i‡³ KZ MÖvg †Kv‡j‡÷ij _v‡K? K 2.0 g L 0.1g M 0.2 g N 1.4 g 105. †Kv‡bv ‡ivMx‡K 25.0g Møy‡KvR †hvMvb w`‡Z 0.2 M Møy‡Kv‡Ri KZ wgwj `ªeY cÖ‡qvRb n‡e? K 277.7 mL L 694.4 mL M 794.4 mL N 69.44 mL 106. 1.25M NaOH Gi 500mL `ªeY KZ MÖvg NaOH aviY K‡i? K 2.5g L 25.0 g M 50.0 g N 40.0 g 107. 1.50L 0.25M Møy‡KvR (C6H12O6) `ªe‡Y KZ MÖvg Møy‡KvR _v‡K? K 66.0 g L 67.6 g M 57.6 g N 69.6 g 108. AvqZwbK we‡køl‡Y `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv cÖKv‡ki †Kvb c×wZ AwaK cÖPwjZ? K bigvwjwU L †gvjvwjwU M †gvjvwiwU N kZKiv cwigvY 109. j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe‡Yi e¨envi †ewk? K †gvjvj `ªeY L †gvjvi `ªeY M bigvj `ªeY N K I L 110. GK †gvj Na2CO3 = ? K 10.6 L 106 M 53 N 106 g 111. cÖwZwU wjUv‡i 106 g Na2CO3 `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 1.0 M L 0.5 M M 2.0 M N 0.1 M 112. cÖwZ wjUvi `ªe‡Y 53g Na2CO3 `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 1.0M L 0.1M M 5.0 M N 0.5 M 113. 100 mL `ªe‡Y 10.6 g Na2CO3 `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 0.5 M L 1.0 M M 0. 1 M N 0.01 M 114. `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv cÖKv‡ki kZKiv cwigvY‡K Kqfv‡M cÖKvk Kiv hvq? `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v wgwjwjUv‡i `ªe‡Yi AvqZb `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v wjUv‡i `ªe‡Yi AvqZb `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v ‡KwR‡Z `ªe‡Yi AvqZb

| K GK L `yB M wZb N Pvi 115. (W/W)% ej‡Z wK †evSvq? K `ª‡ei fi‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU f‡ii kZKivfv‡e L `ª‡ei fi‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU AvqZ‡bi kZKivi~‡c M `ª‡ei AvqZb‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU f‡ii kZKivi~‡c N `ª‡ei AvqZb‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU f‡ii kZKivi~‡c 116. 100 g `ªe‡Y 12 g Na2CO3 `ªexf~Z _vK‡j kZKiv wn‡m‡e `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv n‡eK 12% (w/v) L 12%(w/w) M 12% (v/v) N 12% (v/w) 117. 95 g cvwb‡Z 5g `ªe `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K 95% (w/v) L 5%(w/w) M 5% (v/v) N 12% (v/w) 118. 80 g cvwb‡Z 20 g HCl `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 80% (w/w) L 20%(w/w) M 15%(w/w) N 5%(w/w) 119. 1000g `ªe‡Y 100g Na2CO3 `ªexf~Z _vK‡j kZKiv wn‡m‡e `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 100%(w/w) L 100%(w/v) M 10%(w/v) N 10% (w/w) 120. (W/V)% ej‡Z †evSvqK `ª‡ei fi‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU f‡ii kZKivi~‡c L `ª‡ei fi‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU AvqZb‡i kZKivi~‡c M `ª‡ei AvqZb‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU f‡ii kZKivi~‡c N `ª‡ei AvqZb‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU f‡ii kZKivi~‡c 121. `ª‡ei fi‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU f‡ii kZKivi~‡c cÖKvk c×wZ †KvbwU? K (w/v)% L (w/w)% M (v/v) N (v/w)% 122. `ª‡ei fi‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU AvqZ‡bi kZKiviƒ‡c cÖKvk c×wZ †KvbwU? K (W/V)% L (W/W)% M (V/V)% N (V/W)% 123. 100mL `ªe‡Y 10g `ªe `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv n‡eK 10% (W/W) L 10% (W/V) M 10% (V/V) N 10% (W/V) 124. 5% (w/v) `ªeY ej‡Z †evSvqK 1000 mL `ªe‡Y 5g `ªe `ªexf~Z L 1000g `ªe‡Y 5g `ªe `ªexf~Z M 100 mL `ªe‡Y 5g `ªe `ªexf~Z N 100 g `ªe‡Y 5g `ªe `ªexf~Z 125. 25% (W/W) `ªeY ej‡Z †evSvqK 1000mL `ªe‡Y 5g `ªe `ªexf~Z L 1000g `ªe‡Y 5g `ªe `ªexf~Z M 100mL `ªe‡Y 5g `ªe `ªexf~Z N 100g `ªe‡Y 25g `ªe `ªexf~Z 126. 5 g Na2CO3 100 mL `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K 5% (W/V) L 5%(W/W) M 95%(W/V) N 95%(W/W) 127. 150g `ªe II `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 15% (W/V) L 5% (W/W) M 95% (W/V) N 95% (W/W) 128. 30% (W/V) Na2CO3 `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ‡ZK 100g cvwb‡Z 25g `ªe `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e L 70g cvwb‡Z 30g Na2CO3 `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e M 1000g cvwb‡Z 30g Na2CO3 `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e N 30g Na2CO3 †K cvwb †hv‡M 100mL Ki‡Z n‡e 129. 25% (W/W) `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ‡ZK 100g cvwb‡Z 25g `ªe `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e L 25g cvwb‡Z 100g `ªe `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e M 75g cvwb‡Z 25g `ªe `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e N 100mL cvwb‡Z 25g `ªe `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e 130. (V/V)% ej‡Z †evSvqK `ª‡ei fi‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU f‡ii kZKiviƒ‡c L `ª‡ei fi‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU AvqZ‡bi kZKiviƒ‡c M `ª‡ei AvqZb‡K `ªe‡Yi ‡gvU AvqZ‡bi kZKiviƒ‡c

| N `ª‡ei AvqZb‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU f‡ii kZKiviƒ‡c 131. `ª‡ei AvqZb‡K `ªe‡Yi †gvU AvqZ‡bi kZKiviƒ‡c cÖKvk c×wZ †KvbwU? K (W/W)% L (W/V)% M (V/W)% N (V/V)% 132. 5% (V/V) B_vbj ej‡Z †evSvqK 95mL cvwb‡Z 5mL weï× B_vbj Av‡Q L 100mL cvwb‡Z 5mL weï× B_vbj Av‡Q M 95g cvwb‡Z 5mL weï× B_vbj Av‡Q N 100g cvwb‡Z 5mL weï× B_vbj Av‡Q 133. 90mL cvwb‡Z 10mL weï× B_vbj _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K 90% (V/V) L 10% (V/V) M 90% (W/V) N 10% (W/V) 134. 15%(V/V) HCl `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡ZK 100mL cvwb‡Z 15g HCl `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e L 100mL cvwb‡Z 15mL HCl `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e M 85g cvwb‡Z 15g HCl `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e N 85mL cvwb‡Z 15mL HCl `ªexf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e 135. 1000mL `ªe‡Y 50mL `ªe _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 50% (V/V) L 5% (V/V) M 50% (W/V) N 5% (W/V) 136. 20% (W/V) `ªeY ej‡Z †evSvqK 1000mL `ªe‡Y 20mL `ªe Av‡Q L 1000mL `ªe‡Y 200mL `ªe Av‡Q M 1000g `ªe‡Y 20mL `ªe Av‡Q N 1000g `ªe‡Y 20g `ªe Av‡Q 137. 5% (W/V) H2SO4 ej‡Z †evSvqK 100g `ªe‡Y 5g H2SO4 Av‡Q L 100mL `ªe‡Y 5mL H2SO4 Av‡Q M 100mL `ªe‡Y 5g H2SO4 Av‡Q N 100g `ªe‡Y 5mL H2SO4 Av‡Q 138. `ªe‡Yi ppm NbgvÎv ej‡Z †evSvqK `ªe‡Yi GK jÿ fv‡M `ª‡ei hZ fi ev AvqZb `ªexf~Z _v‡K L `ªe‡Yi `k jÿ fv‡M `ª‡ei hZ fi ev AvqZb `ªexf~Z _v‡K M `ªe‡Yi `k nvRvi fv‡M `ª‡ei hZ fi ev AvqZb `ªexf~Z _v‡K N `ªe‡Yi GK nvRvi fv‡M `ª‡ei hZ fi ev AvqZb `ªexf~Z _v‡K 139. ‡Kv‡bv `ªe‡Yi cwigvY W1g Ges `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei cwigvY W2mg n‡j H `ªe‡Y `ª‡ei ppm NbgvÎv =? K L M N 140. ‡Kv‡bv `ªe‡Yi AvqZb VmL Ges H `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei cwigvY W2 mg n‡j, H `ªe‡Y `ª‡ei ppm NbgvÎv = ? K L M N 141. ‡Kvb ai‡bi `ªe‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ppm GKK e¨envi Kiv nq? K `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei cwigvY †ewk n‡j L `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei cwigvY Aí n‡j M `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei cwigvY AwZ Aí n‡j N `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z `ªe bv _vK‡j 142. 5% (W.V) Na2CO3 `ªe‡Yi †gvjvi NbgvÎv KZ? K 0.1747 M L 4.717 M M 0.04717 M N 0.4717 M 143. 1L ev 1000mL `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ `ª‡ei MÖvg AvYweK fi cwigvb `ªexf~Z _vK‡j H `ªe‡Yi gvÎv - K 10M L 1M M 100M N 1000M 144. 0.05M Na2CO3 `ªe‡Yi cÖwZ wjUv‡i `ªexf~Z Na2CO3 = ? K 10.6 g L 5.3 g M 53g N 1.06g 145. 0.05M Na2CO3 `ªe‡Y Na2CO3 Gi cwigvY KZ? K 0.53% (W/V) L 0.5%(W/V) 6 2 1 10 W W 6 1 2 10 W W 3 2 1 10 W W 3 1 2 10 W W 2 6 10 V W 6 1 2 10 W W 6 2 10 W V 6 2 1 10 W W

| M 0.53% (W/V) N 5.3% (W/V) 146. 0.02M HCl `ªe‡Yi cÖwZ wjUv‡ii `ªexf~Z HCl Gi cwigvY KZ? K 18.25g L 1.825g M 0.73g N 7.30g 147. 0.02M HCl `ªe‡Y HCl Gi kZKiv cwigvY KZ? K 0.73% (W/V) L 0.073% (W/V) M 7.30% (W/V) N 73% (W/V) 148. 0.01M Na2CO3 `ªe‡Yi kZKiv cwigvY KZK 10.6% (W/V) L 106% (W/V) M 1.06% (W/V) N 0.53% (W/V) 149. 5% (W/V) H2SO4 `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 5.102 M L 0.5102 M M 0.05102 M N 0.0051 M 150. 5% (W/V) HCl `ªe‡Yi †gvjvi NbgvÎv KZ? K 13.69M L 1.369 M M 0.1369M N 0.01369M 151. 5% (W/V) NaOH `ªe‡Yi †gvjvi NbgvÎv KZ? K 1.0M L 0.125M M 1.25M N 12.5M 152. hw` 100g my‡µv‡Ri `ªe‡Y 15g weï× my‡µvR _v‡K, Z‡e H `ªe‡Y my‡µv‡Ri NbgvÎv KZ? K 10% (W/V) L 10% (W/W) M 10% (V/V) N 80% (W/W 153. 10% (V/V) A¨vj‡Kvnj ej‡Z eySvqK cÖwZ 100g `ªe‡Y 10g A¨vj‡Kvnj `ªexf~Z Av‡Q L cÖwZ 100mL `ªe‡Y 10g A¨vj‡Kvnj `ªexf~Z Av‡Q M cÖwZ 100mL `ªe‡Y 10mL A¨vj‡Kvnj `ªexf~Z Av‡Q N cÖwZ 100g `ªe‡Y 10mLA¨vj‡Kvnj `ªexf~Z Av‡Q 154. 10% Na2CO3 `ªe‡Yi †gvjvwiwU‡Z NbgvÎv KZ? K 0.9465 mol.kg–1 L 0.9434 mol.L–1 M 9.434 mol.kg–1 N 9.434 mol–1L 155. 1.15 Av‡cwÿK ¸iæ‡Z¡ 15% (W/W) HCl `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ weï× Pzbvcv_i bgybvi wewµqvq 37C ZvcgvÎv I 98.75 kPa Pv‡c 1.75 dm3 CO2 M¨vm Drcbœ Ki‡Z KZ AvqZb HCl cÖ‡qvRb? K 36.6885 dm3 L 3.66885 dm3 M 4.7899 dm3 N 47.899 dm3 156. 1.15 Av‡cwÿK ¸iæ‡Z¡i 10% (W/W) HCl `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ weï× Pzbvcv_i bgybvi wewµqvq 37C ZvcgvÎv I 98.95 kPa Pv‡c 1.75 dm3 CO2 M¨vm Drcbœ Ki‡Z KZ AvqZb HCl cÖ‡qvRb? K 2.80 dm3 HCl L 3.82 dm3 HCl M 28.43 dm3 N 25.85 dm3 157. GKwU 30% f‡ii H2O2 Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Yi NbZ¡ 1.11 g/mL n‡j `ªe‡Yi H2O2 Gi †gvjvwiwU KZ? K 7.99 M L 8.97 M M 9.79 M N 8.79 M 158. AvaywbKKv‡j j¨ve‡UiwU‡Z `ªe‡Yi gvÎv †gvjvwiwUi cwie‡Z© †Kvb GK‡K cÖKvk Kiv nq? K wgwjMÖvg L wjwcwe M wcwcwU N wcwcGg 159. j¨ve‡UwiwU‡Z `ªe‡Yi gvÎv --------- nIqvB evÃbxq| K ‡ewk L Aí M A‡bK †ewk N 1M 160. 1000mL `ªe‡Y 36.5g HCl `ªexf~Z _vK‡j HCl `ªe‡Yi gvÎv KZ? K 0.1M L 1.0M M 10.0M N 0.5M 161. 1000mL `ªe‡Y 49g H2SO4 `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi gvÎv KZ? K 1.0N L 2.0M M 0.5M N 1.0M 162. cÖwZ wjUvi `ªe‡Y wgwjMÖvg cwigvY `ªe `ªexf~Z _vK‡j H `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K ‡gvjvi NbgvÎv L bigvj NbgvÎv M ppm N ppb 163. cÖwZ wgwjwjUvi `ªe‡Y `ª‡ei gvB‡µvMÖvg cwigvY `ªexf~Z _vK‡j H `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K ppb NbgvÎv L ppm NbgvÎv M bigvj N ‡gvjvj 164. GKwU `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv 5ppm ej‡Z †evSvq? K cÖwZ wjUv‡i `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei cwigvY 5mg

| L cÖwZ wjUv‡i `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei cwigvY 5g M cÖwZ wgwjwjUv‡i `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei cwigvY 5g N cÖwZ wgwjwjUv‡i `ªexf~Z `ª‡ei cwigvY 5L 165. NaOH `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv 10ppm ej‡Z †evSvqK 1L `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z NaOH Gi cwigvY 10g L 1L `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z NaOH Gi cwigvY 10mg M 1L `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z NaOH Gi cwigvY 10g N 100mL `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z NaOH Gi cwigvY 10g 166. cÖwZ wjUvi `ªe‡Y 15mg HCl `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi gvÎv KZ? K 15M L 15N M 15 ppb N 15 ppm 167. cÖwZ wjUvi `ªe‡Y 120g NaOH `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 0.012 ppm L 0.12 ppm M 1.2 ppm N 12.0 ppm 168. H2SO4 `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv 8ppm ej‡Z †evSvqK cÖwZ wgwjwjUvi `ªe‡Y 8g H2SO4 Av‡Q L cÖwZ wgwjwjUvi `ªe‡Y 8g H2SO4 Av‡Q M cÖwZ wgwjwjUvi `ªe‡Y 8mg H2SO4 Av‡Q N cÖwZ wgwjwjUvi `ªe‡Y 8L H2SO4 Av‡Q 169. 1 ppm = ? K L M N me KwU 170. wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? K L M N 171. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 1mg = 110–3 g = 1103g L 1mg = 110–3g = 1103 g M 1 mg = 110–3 g = 1103 g N 1 mg = 1103 g = 10–3 g 172. AvqZb, fi I Nb‡Z¡i g‡a¨Kvi m¤ú©K n‡jvK L M fi = AvqZb NbZ¡ N meKwU 173. 1ppm = ? K 1g.cm L 1g.cm–1 M 1g.cm3 N 1g.cm–3 174. wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? K 1molar = 1 mol.L–1 L 1molar = 1 mol.dm–3 M 1molar = 1 mol.m–3 N 1molar = 1 mol.dm–2 175. 1 ppm = ? K 1 mg.dm–3 L 1 mg.L–1 M 1103g.dm–3 N meKwU 176. 510–3 g Abv`ª© Na2CO3 Gi 100mL `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv ppm GK‡K KZ? K 5ppm L 10ppm M 50 ppm N 500ppm 177. cvwbi bgybvq 0.01 ppm Pb2+ Avqb _vK‡j Pb2+ Avq‡bi cwigvY KZ? K 1.010–3 g.L–1 L 1.010–5 g.L–1 M 1.010–5mg.L–1N 1.010–3mg.L–1 178. 0.01 ppm Pb2+ bgybv `ªe‡Y Pb2+ Avq‡bi †gvjvi NbgvÎv KZ? K 4.8309M L 4.830910–3M M 4.830910–8M N 0.830910–8M 179. 0.01M 250mL NaOH `ªe‡Yi gvÎv ppm GK‡K KZ? K 4 ppm L 400 ppm M 40 ppm N 4103 ppm 180. 0.01M 250mL NaOH `ªe‡Y NaOH Gi kZKiv cwigvY KZ? Ask `ª&eY Ask `ª&e 6 1 10 1 `ª&eY `ª&e 6 1 10 1g 1g `ª&eY 1 10 g 6 `ª&eY `ª&e Ask `ª&eY Ask `ª&e 1g 10 g 1 10 1 6 6 `ª&eY `ª&e Ask `ª&eY Ask `ª&e 1g 10 g 1 10 1 6 6 `ª&eY `ª&e Ask `ª&eY Ask `ª&e 10 g 1g 1 10 1 6 6 `ª&eY `ª&e Ask `ª&eY Ask `ª&e 1 g 1g 1 10 1 6 NbZ¡ fi AvqZb AvqZb fi NbZ¡

| K 410–2% (W/V) L 4% (W/V) M 40% (W/V) N 0.4% (W/V) 181. 0.02M 100mL HCl `ªe‡Yi gvÎv ppm GK‡K KZ? K 73 ppm L 730 ppm M 7.30 ppm N 7300 ppm 182. ‡gvjvi NbgvÎv‡K ppm GK‡K cÖKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î g~j wbqvgK †KvbwU? K AvqZb L fi M ZvcgvÎv N `ª‡ei cwigvY 183. ‡gvjvi NbgvÎv‡K kZKiv GK‡K cÖKv‡ki ‡ÿ‡Î g~j wbqvgK †KvbwU? K `ªve‡Ki cwigvY L AvqZb M `ª‡ei cwigvY N ZvcgvÎv 184. 200mL 115 ppm HCl `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ HCl Gi cwigvY KZ? K 0.025g L 0.25g M 0.125g N 1.25g 185. 0.15M H2SO4 `ªeY‡K kZKiv GK‡Ki cÖKvk †KvbwU? K 147% (W/V) L 1.47% (W/V) M 14.7% (W/V) N 0.147% (W/V) 186. `ª‡ei †gvj fMœvsk = ? K L M N 187. GKRb †ivMxi i‡³ Møy‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY 10 wgwj ‡gvj/wjUvi n‡j wgwjMÖvg/‡WwmwjUvi GK‡K Gi cwigvY KZ? K 18 mg/dL L 1.8 mg/dL M 280 mg/dL N 180 mg/dL 188. 100 fvM `ªe‡Y hZ fvM `ªe `ªexf~Z _v‡K Zvi cwigvYMZ cÖKvk‡K Kx e‡j? K ‡gvjvwiwU L ‡gvj fMœvsk M kZKiv nvi N bigvwjwU 189. i‡³ Møy‡Kv‡Ri NbgvÎv 0.005M n‡j, ppm GK‡K NbgvÎv KZ? K 90.0 ppm L 9.0 ppm M 900 ppm N 990 ppm 190. wUDeI‡q‡ji cvwb‡Z Fe3+ Gi NbgvÎv 0.003M n‡j H cvwb‡Z KZ ppm Fe3+? K 16 ppm L 16.755 ppm M 26.75 ppm N 1.6 ppm 191. 3.2M Na2CO3 `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv kZKivq KZ? K 30.92% L 33.92% M 43.90% N 23.90% 192. 1ppm = ? K 0.001% L 0.0001% M 0.00001% N 0.01% 193. `ª‡ei kZKiv fi, `ª‡ei fi I `ªve‡Ki f‡ii g‡a¨ mwVK m¤úK© †KvbwU? K L M N 194. cvwb‡Z ZvcgvÎv wbf©i Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi `ªve¨Zv 0C ZvcgvÎvq KZ? K 14.6 ppm L 24.3 ppm M 12.0 ppm N 25.6 ppm 195. f~-Mf©¯’ cvbxq R‡j Av‡m©wb‡Ki Mo cwigvY KZ? K 3.5 ppb L 3.5 ppm M 2.5 ppb N 25.6 ppm 196. ppmv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K Parts per million L Parts per million by volume M parts per billion by volume N parts per billion `ªve‡Ki †gvj msL¨v `ªe‡Yi †gvU †gvj msL¨v `ªe‡Yi †gvU †gvj msL¨v `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v `ªve‡Ki †gvj msL¨v `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v `ªve‡Ki †gvj msL¨v `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v `ª‡ei kZKiv fi 100 `ªve‡Ki fi `ª‡ei fi + `ªve‡Ki fi 100 `ª‡ei kZKiv fi `ªve‡Ki fi `ª‡ei fi `ªve‡Ki fi `ª‡ei kZKiv fi 100 `ªve‡Ki fi `ªve‡Ki fi - `ª‡ei fi `ª‡ei kZKiv fi 100 `ª‡ei fi `ª‡ei fi + `ªve‡Ki fi

| 197. evqygÛ‡j _vKv Dcv`v‡bi NbgvÎv cÖKvk Kiv nq ‡Kvb GK‡K? K ppT L ppb M ppmv N ppmw 198. MÖvg GjvKvi cwi®‹vi evqy‡Z Uw·K CO M¨v‡mi cwigvY KZ? K 0.5 ppmv L 0.05 ppmv M 0.50 ppbv N 0.005 ppmv 199. kn‡ii UªvwdK (hvbevnb) GjvKvq `~wlZ evqy‡Z Uw·K CO M¨v‡mi cwigvY KZ? K 5 ppmv L 50 ppmv M 30 ppmv N 45 ppmv 200. 3.5g f‡ii U¨ve‡j‡U 40.5 mg Ca _vK‡j Ca Gi NbgvÎv ppm GK‡K KZ n‡e? K 11.6104 ppm L 11.6105 ppm M 1.16105 ppm N 1.16104 ppm 201. wcwcGg (ppm) `ª‡ei fi I `ªve‡Ki f‡ii ga¨Kvi mwVK m¤úK© †KvbwU? K L M N 202. jNy `ªeY ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K `ª‡ei cwigvY †ewk, `ªve‡Ki cwigvY Kg L `ª‡ei cwigvY Kg, `ªve‡Ki cwigvY †ewk M `ªe I `ªve‡Ki cwigvY mgvb N `ª‡ei cwigvY A‡cÿv `ªve‡Ki cwigvY Kg 203. `ªeY jNyKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb m¤úK©wU cÖ‡hvR¨? K V1V2 = M1M2 L V1M2 = V2M1 M V1M1 = V2M2 N 2V1M1 = V2M2 204. 1.0M Na2CO3 `ªe‡Yi 100mL †K 200mL `ªe‡Y cwiYZ Ki‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K 1.0M L 2.0M M 0.5M N 0.1M 205. 1.0M HCl `ªe‡Yi 100mL ‡K 0.1 M HCl `ªe‡Y cwiYZ Ki‡ZK 100mL cvwb †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e L 10 mL cvwb miv‡Z n‡e M 900mL cvwb †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e N 1.0mL cvwb miv‡Z n‡e 206. 0.5M NaOH `ªe‡Yi 200mL cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ 100mL cvwb †hvM Kiv n‡j wgwkÖZ `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 1.33M L 0.33M M 1.0M N 0.5M 207. 0.1M HNO3 `ªe‡Yi 150mL †K 0.01M `ªe‡Y cwiYZ Ki‡Z wgwkÖZ `ªe‡Yi AvqZb KZ n‡e? K 1.5L L 15L M 0.15L N 150L 208. 0.115M HCl `ªe‡Yi 250mL Gi mv‡_ 250mL cvwb †hvM Ki‡j wgwkÖZ `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ n‡e? K 0.5750M L 0.575M M 0.115M N 0.23M 209. D”P †gvjvi `ªeY †_‡K wb¤œ †gvjvi `ªeY ˆZwii cÖwµqv‡K wK e‡j? K `ªe‡Yi jNyKiY L `ªe‡Yi MvpxKiY M `ªeY m¤ú„³KiY N UvB‡Uªkb 210. `ªe‡Yi †gvj msL¨v, †gvjvwiwU I `ªe‡Yi AvqZ‡bi ga¨Kvi mwVK m¤úK© †KvbwU? K `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v = †gvjvwiwU wjUvi GK‡K `ªe‡Yi AvqZb L `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v = †gvjvwiwU wgwjwjUvi GK‡K `ªe‡Yi AvqZb M ‡gvjvwiwU = `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v wjUvi GK‡K `ªe‡Yi AvqZb N ‡gvjvwiwU = wjUvi GK‡K `ªe‡Yi AvqZb `ª‡ei ‡gvj msL¨v 211. evwYwR¨K 12M HCl `ªeY †_‡K 500mL 0.1M HCl `ªeY ˆZwi Ki‡Z Kx cwigvY 12M Mvp HCl `ªeY cÖ‡qvRb? 6 10 `ª‡ei fi `ª‡ei fi + `ªve‡Ki fi wcwcGg 6 10 `ªve‡Ki fi `ª‡ei fi + `ªve‡Ki fi wcwcGg 9 10 `ª‡ei fi `ª‡ei fi + `ªve‡Ki fi wcwcGg 9 10 `ª‡ei fi + `ªve‡Ki fi wcwcGg `ªve‡Ki fi

| K 41.7 mL L 4.17 mL M 8.34 mL N 50 mL 212. Mvp nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW n‡jv GwUK cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© L ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© M wb‡`©kK N cÖfveK 213. evwYwR¨K 18M Mvp H2SO4 `ªeY †_‡K 500mL d¬v‡¯‹ 0.1M H2SO4 `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z KZ AvqZb 18M Mvp H2SO4 cÖ‡qvRb? K 3.8 mL L 2.8 mL M 28.0 mL N 4.9 mL 214. `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv I AvqZ‡bi cwieZ©b NUv‡bvi wbqg †KvbwU? K x mL y M `ªeY 1mL xyM `ªeY L x mL y M `ªeY xymL 1M `ªeY M x mL y M `ªeY 1mL M `ªeY N K I L DfqB 215. jNyKiY g~jwfwË †KvbwU? K `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v = L `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v = †gvjvwiwU wjUvi GK‡K `ªe‡Yi AvqZb M wjUvi GK‡K `ªe‡Yi AvqZb = †gvjvwiwU `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v N ‡gvjvwiwU = 216. M1 †gvjvwiwUi V1 wjUvi `ªe‡Y cvwb †hvM K‡i M2 †gvjvwiwUi V2 wjUvi `ªe‡Y cwiYZ Ki‡j †Kvb m~ÎwU cÖ‡hvR¨ nq? K V1V2 = M1M2 L V1M2 = V2M1 M N V1M1= V2M2 217. `ªeY jNyKi‡Yi V1M1= V2M2 m~ÎwU cÖ‡hvR¨ nqK Dfq `ªe‡Yi †gvj msL¨v Amgvb n‡j L Dfq `ªe‡Yi †gvj msL¨v mgvb n‡j M Dfq `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv mgvb n‡j N Dfq `ªe‡Yi AvqZb mgvb n‡j 218. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv `ªe‡Y cvwb‡Z ‡hvM Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU cwiewZ©Z nq bv? K `ªe‡Yi AvqZb L `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv M `ªe‡Y `ª‡ei cwigvY N `ªve‡Ki cwigvY 219. GwmW `ªe‡Y ÿvi †hvM Ki‡j Kx N‡U? K cÖkgb wewµqv L ms‡hvRb wewµqv M we‡qvRb wewµqv N `nb wewµqv 220. cÖkgb wewµqvq Kx Drcbœ nq? K cvwb L jeY I cvwb M GwmW N ÿvi 221. ‡Kvb wewµqvq GwmW Zvi GwmWZ¡ Ges ÿvi webó K‡i jeY I cvwb Drcbœ K‡i? K RviY-weRviY wewµqv L ms‡kølY wewµqv M mgvYyKiY wewµqv N cÖkgb wewµqv 222. ÿvi `ªe‡Y GwmW †hvM Ki‡j Kx Drcbœ nq? K jeY L jeY I cvwb M Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW N cvwb 223. ‡h cÖwµqvq Zzj¨ cwigvY GwmW I ÿvi ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i wbi‡cÿ †hŠM c~Y© jeY I cvwb Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K ejv nqK cwjgviKiY wewµqvL RviY-weRviY wewµqv M cÖkgb wewµqv N ms‡hvRb wewµqv 224. cÖkgb wewµqvq g~jZ Kviv AskMÖnY K‡i? K H + L OH M avZe Avqb N K I L 225. Gwm‡Wi H + I ÿv‡ii OH– Avqbhy³ n‡q wbi‡cÿ †hŠM cvwb Drcbœ nq †Kvb wewµqvq? K cvwb †hvRb wewµqv L Av`ª© we‡kølY wewµqv M ms‡hvRb wewµqv N cÖkgb wewµqv 226. Gwm‡Wi AvYweK fi‡K H Gwm‡Wi ÿviKZv Øviv fvM K‡i †h gvb cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? K ‡gvjvi fi L Zzj¨ fi M A¤øZ¡ N ÿviKZ¡ 227. HCl Gi Zzj¨ fi KZ? y x ‡gvjvwiwU wjUvi GK‡K `ªe‡Yi AvqZb wjUvi GK‡K `ªe‡Yi AvqZb `ª‡ei †gvj msL¨v 2 2 1 1 M V M V

| K 36.5 L 35.5 M 18.25 N 73 228. H2SO4 Gi Zzj¨ fi KZ? K 98 L 9.8 M 49 N 24.5 229. Gwm‡Wi Zzj¨ fi = ? K Gwm‡Wi AvYweK fi Gwm‡Wi ÿviKZv L M Gwm‡Wi AvYweK fi + Gwm‡Wi ÿviKZv N 230. HNO3 Gi Zzj¨ fi KZ? K 31.5 L 63 M 60 N 63 231. wb‡Pi †KvbwU GK ÿviKxq GwmW? K HCl L H2SO4 M Na2SO4 N NaOH 232. HCl Gwm‡Wi ÿviKZ¡ KZ? K 1 L 2 M 3 N 0 233. H2SO4 Gwm‡Wi ÿviKZ¡ KZ? K 0 L 1 M 2 N 3 234. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(ℓ); wewµqvq `k©K Avqb Kviv? K Na+ I H + L H + I OH– M OH– I Cl– N Na+ I Cl– 235. ÿv‡ii AvYweK fi‡K H ÿv‡ii A¤øZ¡ Øviv fvM K‡i †h gvb cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? K ÿviKZ¡ L A¤øZ¡ M ‡gvjvi fi N Zzj¨ fi 236. ÿv‡ii Zzj¨ fi = ? K L M N 237. NaOH Gi Zzj¨ fi KZ? K 20 L 40 M 60 N 80 238. Na2CO3 Gi Zzj¨ fi KZ? K 106 L 10.6 M 53 N 5.3 239. NaOH Gi A¤øZ¡ KZ? K 0 L 1 M 2 N 2.5 240. NaCO3 Gi A¤øZ¡ KZ? K 0 L 1 M 2 N 3 241. GwmW-ÿvi cÖkgb wewµqv Kq cÖKvi? K `yB L wZb M Pvi N Qq 242. GwmW-ÿvi cÖkgb wewµqvqK Zv‡cvrcv`x wewµqv L Zvcnvix wewµqv M GK AvYweK wewµqvN ms‡kølY wewµqv 243. GwmW-ÿvi cÖkgb wewµhvqK GwmW I ÿvi Df‡qi ag© wejyß nq L ïay Gwm‡Wi ag© wejyß nq M ïay ÿv‡ii ag© wejyß nq N Zvc †kvwlZ nq 244. HCl I NaOH Gi cÖkgb wewµqvi cÖkgb Zv‡ci gvb KZ? K 57.34 kJmol–1 L – 57.34 kJmol–1 M – 55.23 kJmol–1 N 55.23 kJmol–1 Gwm‡Wi ÿviKZv Gwm‡Wi AvYweK fi Gwm‡Wi ÿviKZv Gwm‡Wi AvYweK fi ÿv‡ii A¤øZ¡ Gwm‡Wi AvYweK fi Gwm‡Wi A¤øZv Gwm‡Wi AvYweK fi ÿv‡ii A¤øZ¡ ÿv‡ii AvYweK fi Gwm‡Wi A¤øZv ÿv‡ii AvYweK fi

| 245. UvB‡Uªkb GKwUK fiwgwZK c×wZ L AvqZbwgwZK c×wZ M ms‡kølY c×wZ N K I L 246. A¤ø-ÿvi cÖkgb wewµqvq Drcbœ Zvc g~jZK cvwb Drcbœ n‡Z wbM©Z Zvc L jeY Drcbœ n‡Z wbM©Z Zvc M cvwb Drcbœ n‡Z †kvwlZ Zvc N jeY Drcbœ n‡Z †kvwlZ Zvc 247. Gwm‡Wi g‡a¨ ÿvi †hvM Ki‡j Gwm‡Wi †kl we›`y hv ÿvi‡K c~Y© cÖkwgZ K‡i, H †kl we›`y‡K Kx e‡j? K wb‡`©kK we›`y L cÖkgb we›`y M mgvwß we›`y N L I M DfqB 248. cÖkgb we›`y wb‡`©k K‡i †KvbwU? K wewµqvi ïiæ L wewµqvi mvg¨ve¯’v M wewµqvi mgvwß N wewµqvi ga¨ Ae¯’v 249. wb‡`©kK wKfv‡e cÖkgb we›`y wb‡`©k K‡i? K wb‡Ri fi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g L wb‡Ri MÜ cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g M wb‡Ri AvqZb cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g N wb‡Ri eY© cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g 250. ÿv‡ii g‡a¨ GwmW ‡hvM Kivi mgq ÿv‡ii ‡kl we›`y hv GwmW‡K c~Y© cÖkwgZ K‡i, H †kl we›`y‡K wK e‡j? K cÖkgb we›`y L ‰Îa we›`y M wb‡`©kK we›`y N K I L 251. 1.06 Abv`ª© Na2CO3 †K cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z K‡i 200mL `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡j, `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv KZ? K 0.5 M L 0.05 M M 0.002M N 0.02 M 252. 4.9g H2SO4 200mL `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi gvÎv KZ? K 2.5 M L 0.25 M M 0.01 M N 0.1 M 253. 0.05M 200mL Na2CO3 `ªeY ˆZwi Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Na2CO3 Gi cwigvY KZ? K 106g L 10.6 g M 1.06g N 0.53 g 254. 0.675 g f‡ii GK A¤øxq ÿvi‡K cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z K‡i 50mL `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡jv| G `ªeY‡K c~Y© cÖkgb Ki‡Z 16mL 1.055M HCl cÖ‡qvRb n‡j, ÿv‡ii AvYweK fi KZ? K 30 L 36.5 M 40 N 106 255. 20mL 0.5M Na2CO3 `ªeY A mL AvqZ‡bi 1.0M NaOH `ªeY, A Gi gvb KZ? K 10 mL L 20 mL M 40 mL N 5 mL 256. 10mL 0.1M HCl `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ 8mL 0.15M HCl `ªeY †hvM Kivi d‡j Drcbœ nj A mL 1M HCl `ªeY, A Gi gvb KZ? K 18 mL L 2.2 mL M 2 mL N 5 mL 257. 25mL 0.5M Na2CO3 `ªeY‡K c~Y© cÖkwgZ Ki‡Z 20mL HCl Gwm‡Wi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j, GwmW `ªe‡Yi gvÎv KZ? K 0.25M L 0.625 M M 1.6 M N 1.25M 258. 1.15 Avt ¸iæ‡Z¡i 2mL H2SO4 †K cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z K‡i 200mL `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡jv, `ªe‡Yi gvÎv KZ? K 0.1173M L 1.173M M 2.23M N 1.33M 259. 2.86g Kvco KvPv †mvWv (Na2CO3.10H2O) cvwb‡Z `ªexf~Z K‡i KZ NbgvÎvi 100mL `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hv‡e? K 0.01M L 0.1M M 0.5M N 1.9M 260. 300mL NaOH `ªe‡Yi 25mL †K cÖkwgZ Ki‡Z 18mL 0.1M H2SO4 `ªe‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j g~j `ªe‡Y NaOH Gi cwigvY KZ? K 1.728 g L 17.28 g M 23.38 g N 27.27 g 261. xA + yB Drcv`; wewµqvq Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR¨ mgxKiY †KvbwU? K x VAMA=y VBMB L y VAMA=m VBMB

| M x VAVB=y MAMB N y VAVB= x MAMB 262. 50 mL 0.8% (W/V) NaOH `ªe‡Yi g‡a¨ 25mL 0.5M HCl `ªeY ‡gkv‡bv n‡jv, wgkÖ‡Yi cÖK…wZ wKiƒc n‡e? K A¤øagx© L ÿviagx© M wbi‡cÿ N m¤ú„³ 263. 30mL H2SO4 `ªe‡Yi c~Y© cÖkg‡bi Rb¨ 12.25mL 12M Na2CO3 `ªe‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Gwm‡Wi NbgvÎv KZ? K 0.0304M L 0.408 M M 0.340 M N 0.400M 264. ‡h ivmvqwbK wewµqvq †Kv‡bv †gŠj ev †hŠ‡Mi mv‡_ Aw·‡Rb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Zwor FYvZ¥K †gŠj ev g~j‡Ki ms‡hvRb nq †mB wewµqv‡K Kx e‡j? K RviY wewµqv L weRviY wewµqv M cÖkgb wewµqv N ms‡kølY wewµqv 265. ‡h ivmvqwbK wewµqvq †Kv‡bv †hŠM †_‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Zwor abvZ¥K †gŠ‡ji ev g~j‡Ki AcmviY N‡U †mB wewµqv‡K Kx e‡j? K cÖkgb wewµqv L cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv M RviY wewµqv N weRviY wewµqv 266. RviY-weRviY †h c`v_© Øviv RviY N‡U Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K RvwiZ c`v_© L weRvwiZ c`v_© M weRviK N RviK 267. ‡h wewµqvq †Kv‡bv †gŠj ev †hŠ‡Mi mv‡_ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Zwor abvZ¥K †gŠj ev g~j‡Ki ms‡hvRb N‡U Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K RviY wewµqv L weRviY wewµqv M ms‡kølY wewµqv N cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv 268. ‡h wewµqvq †Kv‡bv †gŠj ev †hŠM †_‡K Aw·‡Rb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Zwor FYvZ¥K †gŠj ev g~j‡Ki AcmviY N‡U Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K AcmviY wewµqv L cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv M RviY wewµqv N weRviY wewµqv 269. ‡Kv‡bv wewµqvq †h me c`v_© Aci †Kv‡bv c`v_©‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ev Zwor abvZ¥K cigvYy ev g~jK †hvMvb †`q Zv‡`i‡K e‡jK RviK L weRviK M RvwiZ c`v_© N weRvwiZ c`v_© 270. RviKmg~n Ab¨ c`v_©‡K RvwiZ Kivi mgq wb‡RK RvwiZ nq L weRvwiZ nq M wbi‡cÿ _v‡K N Aw¯ÍZ¡nxb nq 271. weRviKmg~n †Kv‡bv c`v_©‡K weRvwiZ Kivi mgq wb‡RK RvwiZ nq L weRvwiZ nq M wbi‡cÿ _v‡K N Aw¯ÍZ¡nxb nq 272. RviY wewµqvq †h c`v_©wUi RviY N‡U Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K RvwiZ c`v_© L weRvwiZ c`v_© M RviK c`v_© N weRviK c`v_© 273. wb‡Pi †KvbwU RviY wewµqv? K Mg + Cl2 MgCl2 L CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O M MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2H2O+Cl2 N me¸‡jv 274. FeCl2 + Cl2 FeCl3 wewµqvq Kvi RviY N‡U? K FeCl2 L FeCl3 M Cl2 N K I M 275. 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO; wewµqvq Kvi RviY N‡U? K HNO3 L NO M Cu N Cu(NO3)2 276. PbS Gi eY© wKiƒc? K mv`v L njy` M jvj N Kv‡jv 277. PbSO4 Gi eY© wKiƒc? K mv`v L Kv‡jv M njy` N jvj 278. Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4 wewµqvq †KvbwUi RviY N‡U? K Zn L ZnSO4 M Cu N CuSO4

| 279. wb‡Pi †KvbwU weRviY wewµqv? K H2 +Cl22HCl L Mg + O2 MgO M ZnO + C Zn + CO N me¸‡jv 280. CuO + H2 Cu + H2O wewµqvq †KvbwU weRvwiZ nq? K H2O L CuO M H2 N Cu 281. FeCl3 + H2S FeCl3 + 2HCl + S; wewµqvq †KvbwU weRvwiZ nq? K FeCl3 L H2S M FeCl2 N HCl 282. CuSO4 + Zn ZnSO4 + Cu; wewµqvq †KvbwU weRvwiZ nq? K CuSO4 L Zn M ZnSO4 N Cu 283. MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2; wewµqvq †KvbwUi RviY N‡U? K MnO2 L HCl M MnCl2 N Cl2 284. ‡h ivmvqwbK wewµqvq †Kv‡bv cigvYy, g~jK ev Avqb B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i, d‡j mswkøó cigvYy, g~jK ev Avq‡bi abvZ¥K PvR© e„w× cvq, Zv‡K ejv nqK RviK L weRviK M RviY N weRviY 285. ‡h ivmvqwbK wewµqvq †Kv‡bv cigvYy, g~jK ev Avqb B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K RviK L RviY M weRviK N weRviY 286. ‡hme †gŠj, g~jK ev Avqb wewµqvKv‡j B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i, Zv‡`i Kx ejv nq? K RviY L weRviK M RviK N weRviK 287. ‡hme †gŠj, g~jK ev Avqb wewµqvKv‡j B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i Zv‡`i Kx ejv nq? K RviK L weRviK M RviY N weRviY 288. Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) wewµqvwU‡Z weRviKiƒ‡c KvR K‡iK Zn(s) L CuSO4(aq) M ZnSO4(aq) N Cu(s) 289. wb‡Pi wewµqvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †KvbwU mwVK? K Na Na+ + e– (RviY) L Cl + e– Cl– (RviY) M Cu2+ + 2e Cu (RviY) N Mg2+ + 2e Mg (RviY) 290. wb‡Pi †KvbwU RviY wewµqv? K Fe3+ + e– Fe2+ L Fe2+ + 2e– Fe M Fe Fe2+ + 2eN I2 + 2e 2I– 291. wb‡Pi †KvbwU weRviY wewµqv? K Cu2+ + 2e Cu L Zn Zn2+ + 2e– M Fe3+ + e– Fe2+ N K I L DfqB 292. ‡h RviY-weRviY wewµqvq GKB c`v_© AvswkKfv‡e RvwiZ Avevi AvswkKfv‡e weRvwiZ nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K cÖkgb wewµqv L ¯^ZtRviY-weRviY wewµqv M wØwe‡qvRb wewµqv N Av`ª© we‡kølY wewµqv 293. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ¯^ZtRviY wewµqvi D`vniY? K FeCl3+ 2H2O + SO2 2FeCl3 + 2HCl + H2SO4 L 2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S M 2KI + Cl2 2KCl + I2 N 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 294. wewµqvwU‡K ejv nqK RviY wewµqv L weRviY wewµqv M RviY-weRviY wewµqv N ¯^ZtRviY weRviY wewµqv 2Pb(NO ) 2PbO 4NO O ; 3 2 2 2

| 295. SnCl2 + 2HgCl2 SnCl2 +2HgCl; wewµqvq RviK I weRviK n‡jv h_vµ‡gK HgCl2 I SnCl2 L SnCl2 I HgCl2 M SnCl2 I HgCl N SnCl2 I SnCl4 296. RviK c`v_© †Kvb¸‡jv? K KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, I2, CuSO4 L KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, KI, CuSO4 M K2Cr2O7, KI, H2O2, Na2S2O3 N K2Cr2O7, KI, I2, H2O2 297. weRviK c`v_© †Kvb¸‡jv? K KMnO4, H2S, KI, Na L H2S, KI, I2, Na2S2O3 M H2S, KI, H2O2, Na2S2O3 N KI, I2, H2O2, NaOH 298. ‡Kv‡bv †gŠ‡ji GKwU cigvYy B‡jKUªb MÖnY ev eR©b K‡i †h Avq‡b cwiYZ nq †mB Avq‡bi Pv‡R©i msL¨v‡K H †gŠ‡ji Kx ejv nq? K A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªvi msL¨vL RviY msL¨v M RviK msL¨v N weRviY msL¨v 299. GK cigvYywewkó mij Avq‡bi RviY msL¨v Zv‡`i------ mgvb| K ‡hvRbxq L Pv‡R©i M ‡hvRbx I PvR© Df‡qiN B‡jKUª‡bi 300. ‡Kv‡bv cigvYy B‡jKUªb eR©b Ki‡j Zvi RviY msL¨vK abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K M cÖkg N k~b¨ (0) 301. ‡Kv‡bv cigvYy B‡jKUªb MÖnY Ki‡j Zvi RviY msL¨vK abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K M cÖkg N k~b¨ 302. ‡gŠwjK Ae¯’vq cigvYyi RviY msL¨vK `yB L wZb M GK N k~b¨ 303. P4 I S8 Gi RviY msL¨vK +4, +8 L +2, +4 M +1, +2 N 0, 0 304. ‡hŠ‡Mi wbi‡cÿ ev Avavbwenxb AYy‡Z Dcw¯’Z meKqwU cigvYyi RviY msL¨vi †hvMdjK k~b¨ L k~b¨ nq bv M cigvYyi †gvU msL¨v mgvb N cigvYyi f‡ii mgvb 305. Avq‡b Dcw¯’Z me cigvYyi RviY msLvi †hvMdjK Avq‡b Dcw¯’Z cigvYy msL¨vi mgvb L Avq‡bi Pv‡R©i mgvb M k~b¨ (0) N GK (1) 306. cviA·vBW †hŠ‡M O Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K + 1 L – 1 M – 2 N 307. OF2 †hŠ‡M O Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K + 1 L – 1 M – 2 N + 2 308. mycvi A·vBW O Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K L M + 1 N – 2 309. KO2 ‡hŠ‡M O Gi RviY msL¨v - K L – 1 M – 2 N 310. ICl3 I IF3 †hŠ‡M Av‡qvwW‡bi RviY msL¨vK +3, – 3 L +3, +3 M – 3, – 3 N +3, 0 311. HCl ‡hŠ‡M H I Cl Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K +1, +1 L – 1, +1 M +1, – 1 N 0, – 1 312. Cl2 + H2O HCl + HOCl; G wewµqvq Drcbœ HOCl †hŠ‡M Cl Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K – 1 L + 1 M – 2 N + 2 313. Hg2O I HgO †hŠ‡M Hg Gi RviY msL¨v h_vµ‡g2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

| K +2, +1 L +1, +2 M +2, 0 N – 1, –2 314. ICl †hŠ‡M Av‡qvwWb I †K¬vwi‡bi RviY msL¨v h_vµ‡gK +1, – 1 L – 1, +1 M 1, 1 N 0, 0 315. MÖæc IA Gi avZzmg~‡ni RviY msL¨v KZ? K +1 L – 1 M + 2 N 0 316. avZe nvBWªvB‡W nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi RviY msL¨v KZ? K +1 L +2 M – 1 N – 2 317. avZzi mv‡_ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb hy³ n‡q †hŠM MVb Ki‡j H †hŠ‡M H Gi RviY gvb KZ? K – 1 L +1 M + 2 N 0 318. mvaviYZ cÖvq me †hŠ‡M Aw·‡R‡bi RviY msL¨v KZ? K +1 L – 1 M – 2 N +2 319. Aw·‡R‡bi RviY msL¨v wnmve Kiv nqK AvYweK ms‡KZ †_‡K L ¯’~j ms‡KZ †_‡K M cvigvYweK fi †_‡K N MvVwbK ms‡KZ †_‡K 320. ‡Kvb †gŠj¸‡jvi †hvRbx I RviY msL¨v GKB? K H2, Cl2, Na L H2, He, Na M Na, K, He N He, Ne, Ar 321. CH4 I CCl4 G Kve©‡bi RviY msL¨v KZ? K + 4 L – 4 M – 4 I + 4 N + 4 I – 4 322. KMnO4 ‡hŠ‡M Mn Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K + 3 L + 5 M + 7 N – 7 323. H2SO4 †hŠ‡M S Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K + 4 L – 4 M + 6 N – 6 324. Na2S2O3 Gi †ÿ‡Î S Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K + 2 L + 3 M – 2 N + 4 325. K2Cr2O7 †hŠ‡M Cr Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K + 6 L – 6 M + 3 N – 3 326. [Fe(CN)6] 3– ‡hŠ‡M Fe Giv KZ? K + 2 L + 3 M – 3 N + 4 327. [Cu(NH3)4] 2+ †hŠ‡M Cu Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K + 2 L – 2 M + 4 N + 1 328. C2H2 I CH2Cl2 ‡hŠ‡M Kve©‡bi RviY msL¨v h_vµ‡gK +1 I –1 L – 1 I – 1 M – 1 I k~b¨ N – 1 I +1 329. ‡mvwWqvg †UUªv _v‡qv‡bU (Na2S4O6) †hŠ‡M S Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K +2 L +2.5 M +4 N +10 330. KI3 †hŠ‡M K I I2 Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K +1, – 1 L +1, –3 M +1, N +1, +3 331. RviY-weRviY wewµqvq c~Y© mgxKi‡Y KqwU Ask _v‡K? K `ywU L wZbwU M PviwU N cvuPwU 332. weRviK KZ…©K B‡jKUªb Z¨v‡Mi d‡j mswkøó †gŠ‡ji cigvYy ev AvqbwU RvwiZ nq, G‡K Kx ejv nq? K RviY Aa©wewµqv L weRviY Aa©-wewµqv M RviY-weRviY wewµqv N weRvwiZ nIqv 333. RviK KZ…©K B‡jKUªb MÖn‡bi d‡j mswkøó †gŠ‡ji cigvYy ev Avqb weRvwiZ nq, G‡K Kx ejv nq? K RviY Aa©wewµqv L weRviY Aa©wewµqv M RviY-weRviY Aa©wewµqv N RvwiZ nIqv 334. RviY-weRviY wewµqvq RviK KZ…©K M„nxZ B‡jKUªb msL¨v I weRviK KZ…©K Z¨vMK…Z B‡jKUª‡bi msL¨v me©`vK wfbœ n‡e L Awfbœ n‡e M wظb n‡e N A‡a©K n‡e 3 1

| 335. + 5Fe3+; wewµqvi RviK KZ…©K M„nxZ B‡jKUªb msL¨v KZ? K 5wU L 3wU M 7wU N 2wU 336. ; wewµqvq weRviK KZ…©K Z¨vMK…Z B‡jKUªb KqwU? K 2wU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i L 2wU B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i M 4wU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i N 4wU B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i 337. K2Cr2O7 + 8HCl + 3H2O2 2CrCl3 + 7H2O + O2 + KCl; wewµqvq `k©K Avqb n‡jvK K + I L K + I H + M K + I Cl– N I Cl– 338. H2O2 + 2KI 2KOH + I2; wewµqvq weRviK KZ…©K Z¨vMK…Z B‡jKUªb KqwU? K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 5wU 339. jNy H2SO4 hy³ KMnO4 `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ FeSO4 Gi wewµqvi mgZvK…Z mgxKiY †KvbwU? K 5FeSO4 + 8H2SO4 + 2KMnO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O L 10FeSO4 + 8H2SO4 + KMnO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O M 10FeSO4 + 8H2O + KMnO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O N FeSO4 + H2SO4 + KMnO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + H2O 340. ‡mvwWqvg _v‡qvmvj‡dU `ªe‡Y I2 Gi RviY-weRviY wewµqvi mgZvK…Z mgxKiY †KvbwU? K Na2S2O3 + 2I2 4NaI + Na2S4O6 L 2Na2S2O3 + I2 2NaI + Na2S4O6 M 2Na2S2O3 + 2I2 4Na2I + Na2S4O6 N Na2S2O3 + I2 NaI + NaS4O4 341. RviY-weRviY wewµqvq A¤øxq wewµqvi ci cwiewZ©Z nqK Mn++ G L MnO2 G M Mn2+ G N G 342. Redox wewµqvq ÿvixq wewµqvi ci wK‡m iƒcvšÍwiZ nq? K Mn2+ G L Mn7+ G M MnO2 G N Mn5+ G 343. A¤øxq gva¨‡g K2Cr2O7 Gi Avqb wewµqvi ci wK‡m iƒcvšÍwiZ nq? K Cr6+ L Cr3+ M Cr2O3 N Cr5+ 344. A¤øxq gva¨‡g H2C2O4 ev wewµqvi ci iƒcvšÍwiZ nqK CO-G L CO2-G M G N H2O G 345. ÿvixq gva¨‡g wewµqvi ci wK‡m iƒcvšÍwiZ nq? K CO L CO2 M N H2O 346. Na2S2O3 ev Avqb wewµqvi ci wK‡m iƒcvšÍwiZ nq? K L M SO2 N SO3 347. KI ev I – Avqb ÿvixq gva¨‡g G cwiYZ n‡Z KqwU B‡jKUªb MÖnY ev eR©b K‡i? K 3wU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i L 3wU B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i M 6wU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i N 6wU B‡jLUªb MÖnY K‡i 348. Fe3O4 + CO FeO + CO2 wewµqvq Fe cigvYyi RviY msL¨v KZ n«vm ev e„w× †c‡q‡Q? K +0.67 GKK n«vm L +0.67 GKK e„w× M +1 GKK e„w× N – 1 GKK e„w× 349. wb‡Pi †KvbwU RviY weRviY wewµqv bq? K Na2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 2NaNO3 + BaSO4 MnO 8H 5Fe Mn 4H2O 2 2 4 2S O I S O 2I 2 2 4 6 2 2 3 2 Cr2O7 2 Cr2O7 MnO4 2 MnO4 MnO4 2 Cr2O7 2 C2O4 2 CO3 2 C2O4 2 CO3 2 S2O3 2 S3O6 2 S4O6 3 IO

| L Na2S2O3 + I2 Na2S4O6 + NaI M SO2 + Cl2 + H2O H2SO4 + HCl N 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 350. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K H2O2 + 2e 2OH– (weRviY Aa©-wewµqv) L H2O2 2H+ + O2 + 2e (RviY Aa©wewµqv) M (weRviY Aa© wewµqv) N me¸‡jv 351. ; Aa© wewµqvq n Gi gvb KZ? K 5 L 8 M 10 N 12 352. + 8H2O +5O2; wewµqv ¯’vbvšÍwiZ B‡jKUª‡bi msL¨v KZ? K 5 L 7 M 12 N 10 353. + 6Fe3+; wewµqvq n I m Gi gvb h_vµ‡gK n = 8, m = 3 L n = 10, m = 5 M n = 14, m = 3 N n = 14, m = 2 354. 0.25g FeSO4 †K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e RvwiZ Ki‡Z 0.02M NbgvÎvi KZ AvqZb K2Cr2O7 `ªe‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb? K 13.719 mL L 4.441 mL M 7.892 mL N 8.871 mL 355. jNy H2SO4 hy³ †jvnvi `ªeY‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e UvB‡UªU Ki‡Z 0.05M KMnO4 `ªe‡Yi 50mL Gi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j `ªe‡Y †jvnvi cwigvY KZ? K 0.702753g L 0.53252 g M 7.02753g N 5.3252 g 356. 5g FeSO4 †K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e RvwiZ Ki‡Z KZ MÖvg KMnO4 cÖ‡qvRb? K 1.04 g L 2.04 g M 1.40 g N 2.44 g 357. Kcvi mvj‡dU I cUvwmqvg Av‡qvWvB‡Wi g‡a¨Kvi wewµqvi mgZvK…Z mgxKiY †KvbwU? K 2CuSO4 + 2KI 2Cu2SO4 + I2 + KI L CuSO4 +2KI K2SO4 + Cu + I2 M 2CuSO4 + 2KI Cu2SO4 + K2SO4 + I2 N CuSO4 + KI Cu2SO4 + K2SO4 + 2I2 358. 10g FeSO4 †K RvwiZ Ki‡Z KZ MÖvg weï× K2Cr2O7 cÖ‡qvRb? K 1.04 g L 2.34 g M 3.23 g N 5.52 g 359. UvB‡UªkbKv‡j wewµqvi mgvwß we›`y wbav©i‡Yi Rb¨ wK e¨envi Kiv nq? K cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© L ‰Re †hŠM M wb‡`©kK N ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© 360. wewµqvi mgvwß we›`y‡Z my¯úó eY© cwieZ©b N‡U †KvbwU? K Gwm‡Wi L ÿvi‡Ki M cÖgvY `ªe‡Yi N wb‡`©k‡Ki 361. wb‡`©kKmg~n A¤øxq I ÿvixq gva¨‡g cÖ`k©b K‡iK GKB eY© L wfbœ wfbœ eY© M njy` N ‡Kv‡bv eY© cÖ`k©b K‡i bv 362. wb‡`©kK wK? K `ye©j ˆRe GwmW L `ye©j ˆRe ÿvi M `ye©j ˆRe GwmW I `ye©j ˆRe ÿvi N `ye©j A‰Re GwmW I ÿvi 363. UvB‡UªkbKv‡j wb‡`©kK †hvM Kiv nq †Kv_vq? K KwbK¨vj d¬v‡¯‹ L ey¨‡i‡U M cÖgvY `ªe‡Y N wc‡c‡U 364. wg_vBj A‡iÄ Kx? K `ye©j ˆRe GwmW L kw³kvjx ˆRe GwmW M `ye©j ˆRe ÿvi N kw³kvjx ˆRe ÿvi 365. wg_vBj †iW Kx? K `ye©j ˆRe GwmW L Zxeª ˆRe GwmW M `ye©j ˆRe ÿvi N Zxeª ÿvi 366. ‡dbd_¨vwj‡bi pH cwimi KZ? K 8.3-10.0 L 6.8-8.4 M 4.2-6.3 N 3.1-4.4 IO3 12H 10e I 2 6H2O 2IO3 12H ne I 2 6H2O 2 2MnO4 6H 5H2O2 2Mn Cr O nH 6Fe 2Cr 7H2O 2 2 m 2 7

| 367. wg_vBj †i‡Wi pH cwimi KZ? K 8.3-10.0 L 6.3-8.4 M 4.2-6.3 N 4.2-8.4 368. wg_vBj A‡i‡Äi pH cwimi KZ? K 3.1-6.3 L 3.1-4.4 M 4.5-6.8 N 6.8-8.4 369. ‡dbd_¨vwjb A¤øxq gva¨‡g Kx eY© †`q? K jvj L ‡Mvjvwc M njy` N eY©nxb 370. ‡dbd_¨vwjb ÿvixq gva¨‡g Kx eY© †`q? K ‡Mvjvwc L eY©nxb M jvj N njy` 371. wg_vBj A‡iÄ A¤øxq I ÿvixq gva¨‡g Kx eY© †`q? K jvj I njy` L njy` I jvj M ‡Mvjvwc I jvj N njy` I †Mvjvwc 372. wg_vBj †iW A¤øxq gva¨‡g Kx eY© †`q? K jvj L njy` M ‡Mvjvwc N eY©nxb 373. ‡dbj †iW GwmW `ªe‡Y wKiƒc eY© †`q? K jvj L njy` M ‡Mvjvwc N eY©nxb 374. ‡dbj †i‡Wi pH cwimi KZ? K 8.3-10.0 L 6.8-8.4 M 4.2-6.7 N 3.1-4.4 375. wg_vBj †iW ÿvixq gva¨‡g wK eY© aviY K‡i? K njy` eY© L jvj eY© M meyR N eY©nxb 376. wb‡Pi †KvbwU `ye©j ˆRe GwmW? K wg_vBj A‡iÄ L wg_vBj †iW M wjUgvm N Kve©wbK GwmW 377. wb‡Pi †KvbwU `ye©j ˆRe ÿvi? K wg_vBj †iW L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M A¨v‡gvwbqv N wjUgvm 378. Zxeª GwmW I Zxeª ÿv‡ii cÖkgb wewµqvq wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e Kx e¨eüZ nq? K wg_vBj A‡iÄ L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M ‡h †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kK N ‡Kv‡bv Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †bB 379. Zxeª GwmW I g„`y ÿv‡ii cÖkgb wewµqvq Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †KvbwU? K wg_vBj A‡iÄ L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M wg_vBj †iW N K I M 380. g„`y GwmW I Zxeª ÿv‡ii wewµqvq Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †KvbwU? K ‡dbd_¨vwjb L wg_vBj A‡iÄ M wg_vBj †iW N ‡h‡Kv‡bv wb‡`©kK 381. g„`y GwmW I Zxeª ÿv‡ii wewµqvq Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †KvbwU? K wg_vBj A‡iÄ I wg_vBj †iW L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M wgkv‡bv wb‡`©kK N ‡Kv‡bv Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †bB 382. HCl GwmW `ªe‡Y wg_vBj A‡i‡Äi eY©- K jvj L njy` M ‡Mvjvwc N eY©nxb 383. HCl I NaOH Gi wewµqvq Dchy³ wb‡`©kK n‡jvK ‡dbd_¨vwjb L ïaygvÎ wg_vBj A‡iÄ M ‡h‡Kv‡bv wb‡`©kK N ‡Kv‡bv Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †bB 384. HCl I NH4OH Gi wewµqvq Dchy³ wb‡`©kK n‡jvK wg_vBj †iW L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M ‡h‡Kv‡bv wb‡`©kK N ‡Kv‡bv Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †bB 385. HCN I NH4OH Gi wewµqvq Dchy³ wb‡`©kKK wg_vBj A‡iÄ L wg_vBj †iW M ‡dbd_¨vwjb N ‡Kv‡bv Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †bB 386. HF I NaOH Gi wewµqvq Dchy³ wb‡`©kK-

| K ‡dbd_¨vwjb L wg_vBj A‡iÄ M wg_vBj †iW N ‡h‡Kv‡bv wb‡`©kK 387. Na2CO3 Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y wg_vBj A‡iÄ wKiƒc eY© aviY Ki‡e? K jvj L njy` M ‡Mvjvwc N eY©nxb 388. CuSO4 Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y wg_vBj †iW wKiƒc eY© aviY Ki‡e? K jvj L njy` M ‡Mvjvwc N eY©nxb 389. wb‡`©k‡Ki eY© n‡eK h‡_ó ¯’vqx L A¯’vqx I D¾¡j M Aby¾¡j N h‡_ó ¯’vqx I D¾¡j 390. Al2(SO4)3 Gi Rjxq `ªe‡Y †dbd_¨vwjb wKiƒc eY© aviY Ki‡e? K jvj L njy` M ‡Mvjvwc N eY©nxb 391. wewµqvi mgvwß we›`y wbY©‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fywgKv cvjb K‡i K cÖgvY `ªeY L cixÿYxq `ªeY M wb‡`©kK N cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© 392. UvB‡UªkbKv‡j wewµqvi mgvwß we›`y wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ KwbK¨vj d¬v‡¯‹i `ªe‡Y GKwU ˆRe †hŠM e¨envi Kiv nq, H ˆRe †hŠM‡K Kx ejv nq? K wb‡`©kK L indicator M m~PK N me¸‡jv 393. 20mL cÖgvY 0.1M Na2CO3 `ªe‡Y `y‡dvUv wg_vBj A‡iÄ †hvM Ki‡j `ªe‡Yi eY© †Kgb n‡e? K Kgjv L njy` M jvj N ‡Mvjvwc 394. wjUgvm †ccv‡i eY© cwieZ©‡bi pH mxgv KZ? K 6.0-8.0 L 3.1-4.0 M 1.2-2.8 N 8.3-10 395. A¤øxq `ªe‡Y wjUgvm †ccvi Kx eY© aviY K‡i? K bxj L jvj M njy` N Kgjv 396. ÿvixq `ªe‡Y wjUgvm †ccvi Kx eY© aviY K‡i? K jvj L Kgjv M njy` N bxj 397. ‡eªv‡gv †db‡ji eY© cwieZ©‡bi pH mxgv KZ? K 3.0-4.6 L 3.1-4.0 M 8.3-10.0 N 4.2-6.3 398. A¤øxq gva¨‡g †eªv‡gv‡dbj wKiƒc eY© aviY K‡i? K njy` L bxj M jvj N Kgjv 399. ÿvixq gva¨‡g †eªv‡gv‡dbj wKiƒc eY© aviY K‡i? K Kgjv L jvj M bxj N njy` 400. _vBgj eøy-i eY© cwieZ©‡bi pH mxgv KZ? K 1.2-2.8 L 3.0-4.6 M 6.0-7.6 N 7.2-8.8 401. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A¤øxq `ªe‡Y jvj eY© Ges ÿvixq `ªe‡Y njy` eY© †`Lvq? K wg_vBj †iW L _vBgj eøy M wg_vBj A‡iÄ N me¸‡jv 402. _vBgj_¨vwj‡bi eY© cwieZ©‡bi pH mxgv KZ? K 8.2-9.8 L 8.3-10.5 M 6.8-8.4 N 3.8-5.4 403. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A¤øxq gva¨‡g eY©nxb A_P ÿvixq gva¨‡g bxj eY© aviY K‡i? K wg_vBj A‡iÄ L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M _vBgj_¨vwjb N wg_vBj †iW 404. Zxeª ÿviK Øviv Zxeª GwmW‡K UvB‡Uªk‡bi mgq cÖkgb we›`y‡Z pH cwieZ©‡bi mxgv KZ? K 3.1-9.7 L 4.0-9.0 M 6.0-11.0 N 3.5-7.0 405. g„`y ÿviK Øviv g„`y GwmW‡K UvB‡Uªk‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖkg we›`y‡Z pH cwieZ©‡bi mxgv KZ? K 3.1-9.7 L 6.0-11 M 3.5-7.0 N 0 (k~b¨) 406. CH3COOH I NH4OH `ªe‡Yi UvB‡Uªk‡b e¨eüZ wb‡`©kK n‡jvK wg_vBj A‡iÄ

| L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M ‡h‡Kv‡bv wb‡`©kK N ‡Kv‡bv wb‡`©kKB Dc‡hvMx bq 407. CH3COOH I NaOH `ªe‡Yi UvB‡Uªk‡b e¨eüZ wb‡`©kK n‡jvK ‡dbd_¨vwjb L wg_vBj A‡iÄ M wg_vBj †iW N ‡h‡Kv‡bv wb‡`©kK 408. CH3COOH ebvg NH4OH `ªe‡Yi UvB‡Uªk‡b cÖkgb we›`y‡Z pH cwieZ©‡bi mxgv KZ? K 9.12-12.0 L 3.1-9.7 M 3.5-7.0 N 0 (k~b¨) 409. GwmW-ÿvi UvB‡Uªk‡bi wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e wK e¨envi Kiv nq? K mv`v dzj L iwOb dzj M ‡h‡Kvb Dw™¢` N iwOb cvZv 410. dz‡ji cvcwoi is cvwb‡Z fv‡jv g‡Zv `ªexf~Z bv n‡j Gi mv‡_ Kx †hvM Ki‡Z nq? K B_vbj L wg_vbj M ‡dbj N ‡ebwRb 411. iwOb Dw™¢` ev dz‡ji cvcwo †_‡K cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hvqK cÖfveK L wb‡`©kK M wg_vBj A‡iÄ N ‡dbd_¨vwjb 412. wb‡`©kK `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z e¨envi Kiv hvqK iwOb †Mvjvc L mv`v †Mvjvc M iRbxMÜv N mv`v Rev 413. Rev dz‡ji im GwmW `ªe‡Y Kx eY© aviY K‡i? K ‡Mvjvwc L meyR M jvj N njy` 414. mej GwmW I mej ÿv‡ii cÖkgb we›`y‡Z pH gvb KZ? K 3.0 L 3.6 M 7.0 N 9.3 415. GwmW ÿvi wb‡`©kK n‡jvK jvj Rev dz‡ji gvbL njy‡`i im M jvj †Mvjv‡ci im N me¸‡jv 416. 20mL 0.1M NaOH `ªe‡Y Rev dz‡ji gvb im †hvM Ki‡j `ªe‡Yi eY© Kxiƒc n‡e? K nvjKv njy` L nvjKv meyR M jvj N eY©nxb 417. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_©? K NaOH `ªeY L Na2CO3 `ªeY M HCl `ªeY N H2SO4 `ªeY 418. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_©? K Na2CO3 `ªeY L K2Cr2O7 `ªeY M HCl `ªeY N A·vwjK GwmW `ªeY 419. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖgvY `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z e¨eüZ nq? K Na2CO3 L Na2S2O3.5H2O M KMnO4 N NaOH 420. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖgvY `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z e¨eüZ nq bv? K cUvwmqvg WvB‡µv‡gU L B‡_b WvB AwqK GwmW M Kw÷K †mvWv N Abv`ª© †mvwWqvg Kve©‡bU 421. Na2CO3 `ªeY HCl `ªe‡Yi UvB‡Uªk‡b wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nqK wg_vBj A‡iÄ L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M ‡h‡Kv‡bv wb‡`©kK N ‡Kv‡bv Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †bB 422. Na2CO3 GKwUK wØ-GwmWxq ÿvi L wØ-ÿviKxq GwmW M GK GwmWxq ÿvi N GK ÿviKxq GwmW 423. wb‡Pi †KvbwU GK ÿvixq GwmW? K H2SO4 L HCl M NaOH N NaCl 424. HCl Gwm‡Wi †gvjvi NbgvÎv ej‡Z eySvqK cÖwZ wjUvi `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z HCl Gi cwigvY L cÖwZ wgwj `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z HCl Gi cwigvY M cÖwZ wK‡jvMÖvg `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z HCl Gi cwigvY N cÖwZ MÖvg `ªe‡Y `ªexf~Z HCl Gi cwigvY 425. ‡gvjvi `ªeY = ? K mol. L L mol.L–1

| M L.mol–1 N molL–1K –1 426. ÔXÕ M 1L HCl `ªe‡Y HCl Gi cwigvY KZ? K 36.5 g L 36.5 Xg M N (36.5+X)g 427. Na2CO3 I HCl Gi UvB‡Uªk‡b msNwUZ ivmvqwbK wewµqvi mwVK mgxKiY †KvbwU? K Na2CO3+2HCl 2NaCl+H2O+CO2 L Na2CO3 + 2HCl NaCl + H2O+2CO2 M Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2O (ℓ) + CO2(g) N Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2O (ℓ) + CO2(g) 428. HCl `ªe‡Yj MÖvg AvYweK fiK 36.5 L 36.5 g mol–1 M 35.5 g mol–1 N 35.5 429. 10mL 0.1M Na2CO3 `ªeY‡K cÖkgb Ki‡Z e¨eüZ HCl `ªe‡Yi AvqZb 15mL n‡j HCl `ªe‡Yi AvqZb NbgvÎv KZ? K 0.033M L 0133 M M 1.33M N 0.33M 430. ‡h UvB‡Uªk‡b cixÿYxq `ªeY I cÖgvY `ªeYiƒ‡c A¤ø I ÿvi `ªeY e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K UvB‡Uªkb L RviY-weRviY UvB‡Uªkb M A¤ø-ÿvi UvB‡Uªkb N me¸‡jv 431. UvB‡Uªkb wewµqvq e¨eüZ `ªe‡Yi AvqZb I †gvjvi NbgvÎvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© †KvbwU? K = L = M = N ÿv‡ii NbgvÎv Gwm‡Wi NbgvÎv = e¨eüZ ÿv‡ii AvqZb Gwm‡Wi AvqZb 432. A·vwjK GwmW I NaOH `ªe‡Yi UvB‡Uªk‡b wb‡`©kK n‡jvK wg_vBj A‡iÄ L wg_vBj †iW M ‡dbd_¨vwjb N ‡h‡Kv‡bv wb‡`©kK 433. ‡hme c`v_© cÖK…wZ‡Z weï× Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq Ges Zvi `ªeY‡K `xN©w`b †i‡L w`‡jI `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎvi cwieZ©b N‡U bv, Zv‡`i Kx ejv nq? K cÖfveK L ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© M wb‡`©kK N cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© 434. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_©? K H2C2O4.2H2O L CO2 M KMnO4 N Na2S2O3.5H2O 435. cÖgvY `ªeY ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ nqK cÖfveK L wb‡`©kK M cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© N ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© 436. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K weï× Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq bv? K Na2CO3 L NaOH M K2Cr2O7 N H2C2O4.2H2O 437. evqyi ms¯ú‡k© AcwiewZ©Z _v‡KK Na2C2O4.2H2O L KMnO4 M H2SO4 N Na2S2O3.5H2O 438. msiÿY Ki‡j `xN©Kvj weï× _v‡KK NaOH `ªeY L Na2CO3 `ªeY M H2SO4 `ªeY N HCl `ªeY 439. evqyi CO2, O2 I Rjxqev®ú Øviv AvµvšÍ nq bvK A·vwjK GwmW g X 36.5 ÿv‡ii NbgvÎv e¨eüZ ÿv‡ii AvqZb Gwm‡Wi NbgvÎv Gwm‡Wi AvqZb Gwm‡Wi †gvj msL¨v ÿv‡ii †gvj msL¨v ÿv‡ii AvqZb Gwm‡Wi AvqZb ÿv‡ii NbgvÎv Gwm‡Wi NbgvÎv Gwm‡Wi †gvj msL¨v ÿv‡ii †gvj msL¨v ÿv‡ii NbgvÎv e¨eüZ ÿv‡ii AvqZb Gwm‡Wi NbgvÎv Gwm‡Wi AvqZb Gwm‡Wi †gvj msL¨v ÿv‡ii †gvj msL¨v

| L Kw÷K †mvWv M nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW N ‡mvwWqvg _v‡qvmvj‡dU 440. ‡Kvb `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv `xN©w`b hver AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K? K 0.1M K2Cr2O7 `ªeY L 0.1M NaOH `ªeY M 0.1M KMnO4 `ªeY N 0.2M HCl `ªeY 441. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖgvY `ªeY ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ nq bv? K FeSO4 L Na2CO3 M K2Cr2O7 N Na2C2O4.2H2O 442. j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z wWwRUvj e¨v‡jÝ ev cj-eyw½ e¨v‡j‡Ýi mvnv‡h¨ IRb K‡i cÖgvY `ªeY ˆZwi Kiv hvq †KvbwU? K Na2C2O4.2H2O L Na2S2O3.5H2O M KMnO4 N NaOH 443. AvqZwbK we‡køl‡Y cÖgvY `ªeY ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ nqK cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© L ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© M ‡mvwWqvg _v‡qvmvj‡dU N cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU 444. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© bq? K Na2CO3 L K2Cr2O7 M Na2C2O4.2H2O N Na2S2O3.5H2O 445. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_©? K ‡KjvwmZ B‡_b WvBAwqK GwmW L mvjwdDwiK GwmW M cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU N Kw÷K †mvWv 446. cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v‡_©i ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU? K cÖK…wZ‡Z weï× Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq L evqyi ms¯ú‡k© cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq M wWwRUvj e¨v‡j‡Ý IRb K‡i cÖgvY `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hvq N `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv `xN©w`b AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K 447. ‡KvbwU weï× Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq Ges `xN©w`b weï× _v‡K? K cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© L ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© M ‡mvwWqvg _v‡qvmvj‡dU N K I L 448. B‡_b WvBAwqK Gwm‡Wi ms‡KZ †KvbwU? K C2H2O4 L Na2S2O3 M C2H4O2 N Na2C2O4 449. ‡hme c`v_© evqyi Dcv`vbmg~n Øviv mn‡R AvµvšÍ nq Ges Gme c`v‡_©i `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv mv‡_ mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq Zv‡`i‡K Kx ejv nq? K weRviK c`v_© L wb‡`©kK M cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© N ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© 450. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_©? K cUvwmqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU L cUvwmqvg WvB‡µv‡gU M A·vwjK GwmW N ‡mvwWqvg Kve©‡bU 451. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_©? K H2SO4 L HCl M Na2S2O5.5H2O N Na2C2O4.2H2O 452. ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_©- K weï× Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq bv L evqyi ms¯ú‡k© cwieZ©b N‡U M Gi `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv mg‡qi mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nq N meKqwU 453. wb‡Pi †Kvb c`v_© weï× Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq bv? K Na2CO3 L K2Cr2O7 M Na2C2O4 N H2SO4 454. KMnO4 GKwUK weRviK L cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© M ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© N K I M 455. evqyi Dcv`vb CO2, O2 I Rjxqev®ú Øviv AvµvšÍ nqK Abv`ª© †mvwWqvg Kve©‡bU L A·vwjK GwmW M Na A·v‡jU N Kw÷K †mvWv 456. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_©?

| K NaCl L NaOH M Na2CO3 N Na2C2O4.2H2O 457. evqyi ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡j f‡ii cwieZ©b nq bv †KvbwUi? K K2Cr2O7 L KMnO4 M Na2S2O3.2H2O N HCl 458. evqyi ms¯ú‡k© f‡ii cwieZ©b N‡U †KvbwUi? K K2Cr2O7 L Na2C2O4.2H2O M Na2S2O3.5H2O N Na2CO3 459. mg‡qi mv‡_ `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv cwiewZ©Z nq †KvbwUi? K H2SO4 `ªeY L Na2CO3 `ªeY M K2Cr2O7 `ªeY N H2C2O4.2H2O `ªeY 460. wb‡Pi †Kvb c`v_©wU e¨v‡j‡Ýi ÿwZ K‡i? K A·vwjK GwmW L ‡mvwWqvg _v‡qvmvj‡dU M ‡mvwWqvg Kve©‡bU N ‡mvwWqvg A·v‡jU 461. wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨v‡j‡Ýi ÿwZ K‡i bv? K HCl L KMnO4 M K2Cr2O7 N KOH 462. A·vwjK GwmW GKwUK kw³kvjx weRviK L cÖvBgvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© M ‡m‡KÛvwi ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_© N K I L 463. 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2C2O4K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 10CO2 wewµqv Abymv‡i †KvbwU mwVK? K 2 mole KMnO4 5 mole H2C2O4 L 1000mL 2M KMnO4 `ªeY 1000mL 5M H2C2O4 `ªeY M 1 mole KMnO4 = 5 mole H2C2O4 N K I L 464. ; GLv‡b n Gi gvb KZ? K 5 L 7 M 4 N 10 465. wewµqvq n Gi gvb KZ? K 10 L 8 M 5 N 12 466. KMnO4 Gi AvYweK fi KZ? K 158 L 158 g M 258 N 258g 467. KMnO4 Gi MÖvg AvYweK fi KZ? K 158 mol–1 L 158g mol–1 M 160g mol–1 N 160 mol–1 468. 1M NbgvÎvi 1L KMnO4 `ªeY cª¯‘wZ‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq KMnO4 Gi cwigvY KZ? K 15.8 g L 1.58 g M 158 N 158g 469. 0.1M NbgvÎvi 1L `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq KMnO4 Gi cwigvY KZ? K 158g L 1.58 g M 15.8 g N 0.158 g 470. 0.1M NbgvÎvi 200mL `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq KMnO4 Gi cwigvY KZ? K 15.8 g L 1.58 g M 3.16g N 3.25g 471. KMnO4 Gi mv‡_ †fRvj wn‡m‡e Kx _v‡K? K Mn L O2 M MnO2 N MnO4 472. ‡KjvwmZ A·vwjK Gwm‡Wi MÖvg AvYweK fi KZ? K 136 g L 126 g M 90 g N 108 g 473. 0.05 NbgvÎvi 250mL `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z A·vwjK Gwm‡Wi KZ MÖvg cÖ‡qvRb? K 15.75 g L 1.575 g M 25.2 g N 2.52g 474. 1.575 g A·vwjK Gwm‡Wi IRb Kiv nq Kx‡mi gva¨‡g? K cj-eyw½ e¨v‡jÝ L 4 wWwRU wWwRUvj e¨v‡jÝ M 2-wWwRU wWwRUvj e¨v‡jÝ N K I L 475. 0.1M NbgvÎvi 200mL `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb? 2 2 5C2O4 ne 10CO 2MnO 16H ne 2Mn 8H2O 2 4

| K 200mL weKvi L 1000 mL weKvi M 200 mL AvqZbwgwZK d¬v¯‹ N 1000 mL AvqZbwgwZK d¬v¯‹ 476. 0.05M NbgvÎvi 250 mL `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z KZ AvqZ‡bi AvqZbwgwZK d¬v¯‹ cÖ‡qvRb? K 1000mL L 250 mL M 150 mL N 500 mL 477. KMnO4 Gi we‡qvRb‡K e„w× K‡iK a~wjKYv L ‰RweK c`v_© M Av‡jv N meKqwU 478. UvB‡UªkbKv‡j cÖ_‡g KMnO4 Gi eY© cwieZ©bK `ªæZ N‡U L ax‡i N‡U M Lye ax‡i N‡U N N‡U bv 479. KMnO4 `ªeY‡K A·vwjK GwmW `ªeY Øviv UvB‡UªkbKv‡j †Kvb wb‡`©kK e¨envi Kiv nq? K wg_vBj A‡iÄ L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M wg_vBj †iW N wb‡`©k‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb ‡bB 480. KMnO4 `ªe‡Yi eY© wKiƒc? K ‡e¸wb L ‡Mvjvwc M bxj N njy` 481. UvB‡Uªkb †k‡l ey¨‡i‡Ui MnO4 Gi `vM‡K Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ ey‡iU‡K ay‡Z nq †KvbwU Øviv? K FeSO4 `ªeY L H2CO3 `ªeY M Na2CO3 `ªeY N NaSO4 `ªeY 482. 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2C2O4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O +10CO2 UvB‡Uªk‡bi g~jZË¡ †KvbwU? K 5V1 M1(KMnO4)=2V2 M2(H2C2O4) L 2V1 M1(KMnO4)=5V2 M2(H2C2O4) M 2V1 M1(H2SO4)=5V2 M2(H2C2O4) N V1 M1(KMnO4)= V2 M2(H2C2O4 483. UvB‡Uªk‡bi †k‡l ey¨‡i‡Ui †Kvb cvV ‡`Lv Riæwi? K cÖ_g cvV L ga¨ cvV M ‡kl cvV N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 484. KMnO4 kw³kvjx RviKiƒ‡c wµqv K‡iK cvwbi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z L mvjwdDwiK Gwm‡Wi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z M MnO2 Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z N HCl Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z 485. cÖgvY KMnO4 `ªeY ØvivK Fe3+ Avqb RvwiZ n‡q Fe2+ nq L Fe3+ Avqb weRvwiZ n‡q Fe2+ nq M Fe2+ Avqb RvwiZ n‡q Fe3+ nq N Fe2+ Avqb weRvwiZ n‡q Fe3+ nq 486. g~jK KqwU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM ev cÖeY Mn2+ Avq‡b cwiYZ nq? K 10wU B‡jKUªb MÖnYL 5wU B‡jKUªb MÖnY M 10wU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM N 5wU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM 487. 10Fe2+ Avq‡b cwiYZ n‡Z KqwU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM ev MÖnY K‡i? K 1wU B‡jKUªb MÖnY Ki‡Z nq L 1wU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM Ki‡Z nq M 10wU B‡jKUªb MÖnY Ki‡Z nq N 10wU B‡jKUªb Z¨vM Ki‡Z nq 488. ‡mv`K †divm mvj‡d‡Ui ms‡KZ †KvbwU? K FeSO4.7H2O L Fe2(SO4)3.7H2O M FeSO4 N Fe2(SO4)3 489. wMÖb wfwUªI‡ji ms‡KZ †KvbwU? K ZnSO4.7H2O L MgSO4.5H2O M FeSO4,7H2O N CuSO4.5H2O 490. FeSO4.7H2O Gi AvYweK fi KZ? K 152 L 278 M 152g N 278 g 491. Aa© wewµqvq X = ? K Mn L Mn2+ M Mn4+ N MnO2 492. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ¯^-wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? K ‡dbd_¨vwjb L wg_vBj A‡iÄ M KMnO4 N H2SO4 MnO4 MnO4 8H 5e X 4H2O

| 493. 250mL 0.1M K2Cr2O7 `ªe‡Y `ª‡ei cwigvY KZ? K 73.5 g L 7.35 g M 0.75 g N 9.38 g 494. Cu2+ `ªe‡Y KwVb KI †hvM K‡i gy³ Kiv nqK Kcvi L Av‡qvwWb M cUvwmqvg N mvj‡dU 495. wbw`©ó ZxeªZvi Av‡jvKiwk¥ GKwU mgmË¡ `ªe‡Yi Dci AvcwZZ n‡j GwU Kqfv‡e wef³ n‡q hvq? K `yB fv‡M L wZb fv‡M M Pvi fv‡M N Qq fv‡M 496. g~j iwk¥i ZxeªZv‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq? K I0 L Ir M Ia N It 497. `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv wbY©‡q e¨eüZ nqK weqvi j¨vgevU© m~Î L ivD‡ëi m~Î M Pvj©‡mi m~Î N e‡q‡ji m~Î 498. `ywU †m‡ji GKwU‡Z `ªeY I Ab¨wU‡Z `ªveK †i‡L G‡`i ga¨ w`‡K GKeYx© Av‡jvKiwk¥ cÖevwnZ Ki‡j Dfq‡ÿ‡ÎK cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥i cwigvY GKB nq L cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥i cwigvY wfbœ nq M cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥i cwigvY wظY nq N cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥i cwigvY Amgvb nq 499. AvcwZZ I cÖevwnZ Av‡jv‡Ki ZxeªZvi Dci j¨v¤^vU© KZ mv‡j cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡ib? K 1768 mv‡j L 1868 mv‡j M 1968 mv‡j N 1758 mv‡j 500. AvcwZZ Av‡jvi ZxeªZv I gva¨‡gi cyiæZ¡ t n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K L M N 501. gva¨‡gi cyiæZ¡ I Av‡jvK ZxeªZv n«v‡mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡ib †K? K weqvi L j¨v¤^vU© M Wvëb N evDRvi 502. weqvi eY©hy³ `ª‡ei `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv wbY©‡q †Kvb mgxKiYwU e¨envi K‡ib? K L M N 503. `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv I Av‡jvK ZxeªZv n«v‡mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡ib †K? K j¨v¤^vU© L weqvi M evDRvi N Wvëb 504. weqvi KZ mv‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv I Av‡jvK ZxeªZv n«v‡mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡ib? K 1853 mv‡j L 1852 mv‡j M 1752 mv‡j N 1653 mv‡j 505. ‡kvwlZ †iwW‡qk‡bi cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎvi m¤úK© cÖKvk K‡i †KvbwU? K weqv‡ii m~Î L j¨v¤^v‡U©i m~Î M MÖvnv‡gi m~Î N evDRv‡ii m~Î 506. weqvi evDRvi j¨v¤^vU© m~·K ms‡ÿ‡c ejv nqK evDRv‡ii m~Î L j¨v¤^v‡U©i m~Î M weqv‡ii m~Î N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 507. ‡Kv‡bv ¯^”Q gva¨‡gi ga¨w`‡q GKwU wbw`©ó Zi½‰`‡N¨©i GKeYx© Av‡jv cÖevwnZ Ki‡j gva¨‡gi cyiæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Av‡jv‡Ki ZxeªZv n«v‡mi nvi Av‡jvK ZxeªZvqK e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK L e‡M©i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK M mgvbycvwZK N e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK 508. ‡Kv‡bv `ªe‡Yi ga¨w`‡q GKeY©x Av‡jv cÖevwnZ Ki‡j AvcwZZ Av‡jvK iwk¥i ZxeªZv n«vm `ªe‡Yi cyiæZ¡ I `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎviK e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK L mgvbycvwZK M e‡M©i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK N e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK 509. ‡Kv‡bv `ªe‡Yi ga¨w`‡q GKeYx© Av‡jv cÖevwnZ Ki‡j AvcwZZ Av‡jvK iwk¥i ZxeªZvi n«vm `ªe‡Yi cyiæZ¡ I `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎviK e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK L mgvbycvwZK M e‡M©i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK N e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK I dt dI I dt dI I dt dI I dt dI Kt I I 2.303log t 0 logT KC Kt I I 2.303log 0 t logT Kb

| 510. 25% I0 †iwW‡qkb b ˆ`‡N¨©i c_ AwZµ‡gi mgq †kvwlZ n‡j Aewkó kw³i cwigvYK 50% I0 L 75% I0 M 70% I0 N 65% I0 511. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evDRv‡ii m~Î? K L M N 512. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K L M N me¸‡jv 513. NbgvÎvi GKK †KvbwU? K MÖvg/wjUvi L MÖvg-wjUvi M wjUvi/MÖvg N wjUvi3 514. GeRi‡eÝ cwiewZ©Z nqK Zi½‰`‡N¨©i mv‡_ L gva¨‡gi cyiæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ M `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎvi mv‡_ N ‡Kv‡bvwUi mv‡_B bq 515. ‡gvj GK‡K †kvwlZ e¯‘i IRb‡K ejv nqK UªvÝwg‡UÝ L ‡gvjvi GeRiwewU M ‡gvjvi fi N ‡gvjvi AvqZb 516. AwZ †e¸wb I `„k¨gvb eYv©jxwgwZ cixÿvq e¨envi Kiv nqK 1m ˆ`‡N¨©i †mj L 1cm ˆ`‡N¨©i †mj M 0.1cm ˆ`‡N¨©i †mj N 2cm ˆ`‡N¨©i †mj 517. GeRiwewU () Gi GKK †KvbwU? K L.cm–1mol–1 L mol.L–1cm M L.molcm–1 N mol.cm.L 518. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †eqv‡ii m~Î bv‡g cwiwPZ? K L M N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 519. g~j iwk¥i ZxeªZv I0 cÖwZdwjZ iwk¥i ZxeªZv Ir, ‡kvwlZ iwk¥i ZxeªZv, Ia Ges cÖevwnZ iwk¥i ZxeªZv If n‡jK L M N 520. UªvÝwg‡U݇K wb‡Pi †KvbwU Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq? K T L t M N A 521. `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv wbY©‡qi mgxKiY †KvbwU? K A = bc L A = bc M T = abc N T = bc 522. `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv wbY©‡qi wb‡Pi †Kvb mgxKiY e¨eüZ nq? K A = bc L M log T = bc N log A = bc 523. †Kv‡bv `ªe‡Yi ga¨w`‡q GKeYx© Av‡jv cÖevwnZ Ki‡j Av‡jvK iwk¥i ZxeªZvK n«vm cvq L e„w× cvq M AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K N wظY e„w× cvq 524. AYy KZ…©K †kvwlZ Av‡jv KqwU bxwZi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq? K 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N 4wU 525. AYy KZ…©K †kvwlZ Av‡jv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq †Kvb bxwZi mvnv‡h¨? K j¨v¤^vU© bxwZ L weqvi bxwZ M Pvj©‡mi bxwZ N K I L 526. weqvi-j¨v¤^vU© m~‡Îi MvwYwZK iƒc †KvbwU? K L M N 527. Kcvi (II) Gi KZ? K 606 nm L 506 nm M 406 nm N 670 nm 528. AvcwZZ Av‡jvK iwk¥i ZxeªZv GK-`kgvsk n«vm Ki‡Z H gva¨‡gi †h cyiæZ¡ cÖ‡qvRb nq, Gi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK ejv nqK GeRi‡eÝ L UªvÝwg‡UÝ M G·wU¼kb ¸Yv¼ N we‡kvlY 529. G·wU¼kb ¸Yv‡¼i CGS GKK †KvbwU? K cm–1 L m–1 M mm–1 N nm–1 logT KC logT Kb logT abc logT Kb A logT T 1 A log I I A log 0 logT Kb logT KC logT abc f 0 r a I I I I a 0 t f I I I I 0 r a t I I I I r 0 t a I I I I bc T 1 log kx 0 e I I k cx 0 e I I 0 I I T KI dx dI max

| 530. ‡¯úK‡UªvwgUv‡i 1cm ˆ`N¨©wewkó †m‡j `ªeY †i‡L Gi we‡kvlY cvIqv ‡Mj 0.156| `ª‡ei †gvjvi †kvlY mnM 1.2104 n‡j `ªeYwUi NbgvÎv KZ? K 1.310–5mol.L–1 L 1.310–5L.mol–1 M 1.810–4 Lmol–1 N 1.810–4 mol.L–1 531. wbw`©ó †gŠwjK c`v_© kbv³KiY I cwigvY wbY©‡q e¨eüZ c×wZ †KvbwU? K weqvi j¨v¤^vU© m~Î L cvigvYweK †kvlY eYv©jx M D”P `ÿZvm¤úbœ Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 532. cvigvYweK †kvlY eYv©wj‡Z bgybv `ªeY‡K wkLvq- wn‡m‡e †¯úª Kiv nq? K eo KYv L m~²KYv M KjqWxq KYv N Zij 533. cvigvYweK †kvlY eYv©jx‡Z wkLvq †¯úªK…Z bgybv¯’ †gŠj iƒcvšÍwiZ nq? K AvYweK ev‡®ú L cvigvYweK ev‡®ú M AYy‡Z N cigvYy‡Z 534. cvigvYweK †kvlY eYv©wj‡Z †gŠj KZ…©K †iwW‡qkb †kvl‡Yi Drm †KvbwU? K cixÿYxq †gŠ‡ji AYyL cixÿYxq †gŠ‡ji cigvYy M Na-cigvYy N K-cigvYy 535. cvigvYweK †kvlY eYv©wj‡Z †gŠj KZ…©K †iwW‡qkb †kvl‡Yi Drm †KvbwU? K ‡mvwWqvg j¨v¤ú L U¨vs‡÷b j¨v¤ú M wWD‡Uwiqvg j¨v¤ú N n‡jv K¨v‡_vW j¨v¤ú 536. Drm n‡Z wbM©Z †iwW‡qk‡bi Zi½‰`N¨© wkLvq we`¨gvbØviv †kvwlZ Zi½‰`‡N¨©i Abyiƒc| K cigvYy L AYy M ‡hŠM N cigvYy I AYy 537. cvigvYweK †kvlY eYv©wj‡Z cigvYy KZ…©K †kvwlZ †iwW‡qkb †Kvb m~Î AbymiY K‡i? K e‡q‡ji m~Î L MÖvnv‡gi m~Î M Pvj©‡mi m~Î N weqv‡ii m~Î 538. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K L M A = abc N me¸‡jv 539. GeRi‡eÝ (A) ebvg NbgvÎv (C) Kvf© †KvbwU? K L M N 540. cvigvYweK †kvlY eYv©wj‡Z B‡jKUªb wbw`©ó Zi½‰`‡N¨©i kw³ †kvlY K‡i KZ mg‡qi Rb¨ D”PZi AiweUv‡j DbœxZ nq? K wgwj †m‡KÛm L ‡m‡KÛ M b¨v‡bv †m‡KÛm N wgwbU 541. avZzi wkLv cixÿvq m„ó D¾¡j wewKiY eYv©wj I Kv‡jv †kvlY eYv©wji Zi½‰`N¨© KZ? K wfbœ L GKB M ZvcgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i N NbgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i 542. Na-Gi D¾¡j wewKiY eYv©jxi Zi½‰`N¨© KZ? K 380 nm L 350 nm M 490 nm N 590 nm 543. Na-Gi Kv‡jv †kvlY eYv©wj Zi½‰`N¨© KZ? K 590 nm L 390 nm M 380 nm N 480 nm 544. cvigvYweK †kvlY eYv©wj‡Z m„ó eYv©wj‡iLvi cÖk¯ÍZv gvcv nq †Kvb GK‡K? K wgwjwgUvi (mm) L wc‡KvwgUvi (pm) M ‡mw›UwgUvi (cm) N b¨v‡bvwgUvi (nm) 545. ‰e‡kølwYK imvq‡b GKwU bgybvq Dcw¯’Z GKwU wbw`©ó Dcv`v‡bi NbZ¡ wbY©q Kiv hvq †Kvb c×wZ‡Z? K cvigvYweK †kvlY eY©vwj L AvYweK †kvlY eYv©wj I I A log 0 abc 0 e I I C A A C C A C A

| M UV-Vis eYv©wj N HPLC 546. UV iwk¥i Zi½‰`N¨© AÂj KZ? K 200-375 nm L 375-780 nm M 100-200 nm N 375-525 nm 547. Visible iwk¥i Zi½‰`N¨© AÂj KZ? K 200-475 nm L 375-780 nm M 200-800 nm N 200-375 nm 548. wewKiY †kvlY AYyi Af¨šÍixY kw³‡KK n«vm K‡i L e„w× K‡i M AcwiewZ©Z iv‡L N wظY e„w× K‡i 549. AvYweK c`v‡_©i ewnt¯’ †Lvj‡Ki B‡jKUªb AiweUvj †_‡K D”P¯Í‡i B‡jKUª‡bi Ae¯’všÍ‡ii d‡j D™¢e nqK B‡jKUªbxq eYv©wj L cvigvYweK †kvlY eYv©wj M cvigvYweK wewKiY eYv©wj N Ae‡jvwnZ eYv©wj 550. B‡jKUªbxq eYv©wj‡Z †hŠM KZ…©K Zwor Pz¤^Kxq eYv©wji †Kvb A‡ji †iwW‡qkb †kvlY cwigvc Kiv nq? K Zi½msL¨v L ‡kvwlZ Zi½‰`N¨© M ‡kvwlZ kw³ N `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv 551. B‡jKUªbxq eYv©wj‡Z GKwU †hŠM‡K wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nqK AwZ‡e¸wY `„k¨gvb L gvB‡µvI‡qf M Ae‡jvwnZ N ‡eZvi Zi½ 552. ‡hŠM KZ…©K UV-VIS †iwW‡qkb †kvwlZ n‡jK B‡jKUª‡bi †kvlY N‡U L B‡jKUª‡bi avcvšÍi N‡U M ‡cÖvU‡bi avcvšÍi N‡U N B‡jKUª‡bi wewKiY N‡U 553. B‡jKUªbxq eYv©wj‡Z †hŠM KZ©„K †iwW‡qkb †kvwlZ n‡jK B‡jKUªb wb‡Pi kw³¯Íi n‡Z D”PZi kw³¯Í‡i DcbxZ nq L B‡jKUªb D”PZi kw³¯Íi n‡Z wb‡Pi kw³¯Í‡i DcbxZ nq M B‡jKUª‡bi †kvlY N‡U N B‡jKUª‡bi wewKiY N‡U 554. HOMO ej‡Z eySvqK wb¤œZi AbwaK…Z AvYweK AiweUvj L wb¤œZi AwaKZ… AvYweK AiweUvj M m‡ev©”P AbwaK…Z AvYweK AiweUvj N m‡ev©”P AwaK„Z AvYweK AiweUvj 555. HOMO Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU? K Lowest Unoceupied Molecular Orbital L Highest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital M Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital N Higher Occupied Molecular Orbital 556. LUMO ej‡Z Kx eyS? K m‡ev©”P AwaK…Z AvYweK AiweUvj L m‡ev©”P AbwaK…Z AvYweK AiweUvj M me©wb¤œ AwaK…Z AvYweK AiweUvj N me©wb¤œ AbwaK…Z AvYweK AiweUvj 557. HOMO-LUMO e¨eavb n«vm cvq †hŠ‡MiK KbRy‡Mkb e„w× †c‡j L KbRy‡Mkb n«vm †c‡j M Zi½‰`N¨© e„w× †c‡j N Zi½‰`N¨© n«vm †c‡j 558. LUMO Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? K Lower Occupied Molecular Orbital L Lower Unoccupied Molecular Orbital M Lowest Occupied Molecular Orbital N Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital 559. B‡jKUªbxq eYv©wj‡Z - †kvl‡Yi Ae¯’vb `xN©Zi Zi½‰`‡N¨© m‡i Av‡m †hŠ‡MiK KbRy‡Mkb e„w× †c‡j L KbRy‡Mkb n«vm †c‡j M AvYweK fi e„w× †c‡jN AvYweK fi n«vm †c‡j 560. B‡jKUªbxq eYv©wj‡Z ‡hŠM KZ…©K †iwW‡qkb †kvl‡Yi gvÎv wbf©i K‡iK bgybvi NbgvÎvi Dci L AvYweK KvVv‡gvi Dci M bgybvi NbgvÎv I AvYweK KvVv‡gvi Dci N Zi½‰`‡N¨©i Dci 561. AYy‡Z B‡jKUªb avcvšÍi m„wó K‡i †KvbwU? K AwZ †e¸wY I `„k¨gvb iwk¥ †kvlY

| L Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥ †kvlY M gvB‡µvI‡qf iwk¥ †kvlY N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 562. B‡jKUªb ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ †KvbwU? K 40-300 kCal/mole L 40-500 kCal/mole M 300-500 kCal/mole N 40-300 kJ/mole 563. B‡jKUªbxq avcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ †hme AYyi AwaK kw³ cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv †kvlY K‡iK `xN©Zi Zi½‰`N¨© ‡iwW‡qkb L ÿz`ªZi Zi½‰`N¨© †iwW‡qkb M ga¨g Zi½‰`N¨© †iwW‡qkb N ÿz`ªZi Zi½msL¨vi †iwW‡qkb 564. B‡jKUªb avcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ †hme AYyi Kg kw³ cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv †kvlY K‡iK `xN©Zi Zi½‰`N¨© †iwW‡qkb L ÿz`ªZi Zi½‰`N¨© †iwW‡qkb M ga¨g Zi½‰`N¨© †iwW‡qkb N ‡KvbwUB bq 565. ‡Kvb ai‡bi AYyi †ejvq UV-Vis †kvlY eYv©wj cÖ‡hvR¨? K cvB () B‡jKUªbhy³ ev bb ewÛs B‡jKUªb hy³ †hŠM L ewÛs B‡jKUªbhy³ †hŠM M wmMgv B‡jKUªbhy³ †hŠM N ïaygvÎ cvB () B‡jKUªbhy³ †hŠM 566. wmMgv e܇bi B‡jKUªb‡K DÏxwcZ Ki‡Z kw³ Zi½‰`‡N¨©i gvb KZ? K 200 nm Gi Kg L 200 nm Gi †ewk M 300-700 nm N 200-800 nm 567. wb‡Pi †Kvb †hŠ‡M `xN© Zi½‰`N¨© iwk¥ mev©waK †kvwlZ nq? K A¨vjwWnvBW I wK‡Uvb L KbRy‡M‡UW cwj-Bb M A¨vj‡Kvnj N nvB‡WªvKve©b 568. A‡bK ˆRe †hŠM eY©hy³ nq †Kb? K `„k¨gvb GjvKvq †kvlY N‡U e‡j L AwZ †e¸wY GjvKvq †kvlY N‡U e‡j M gvB‡µvI‡qf GjvKvq †kvlY N‡U e‡j N Ae‡jvwnZ GjvKvq †kvlY N‡U e‡j 569. ‡hme eÜbhy³ g~jK `„k¨gvb Av‡jvi cwim‡ii k³ Zi½ †kvlY K‡i Ges †hŠM eY©hy³ †`Lvq, Zv‡`i ejv nqK A‡·v‡µvg L ‡µv‡gv‡dvi M Kvh©Kix g~jK N ‡µv‡gvcøv÷ 570. ‡ebwRb ej‡qi mev©waK †kvlY Zi½ (max) Gi gvb KZ? K 255 nm L 280 nm M 215 nm N 355 nm 571. -K¨v‡ivwU‡bi max KZ? K 499 nm L 451 nm M 351 nm N 399 nm 572. -K¨v‡ivwUb †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq? K MvR‡i L Avjy‡Z M Kjvq N ‡cu‡c‡Z 573. UV-Vis eYv©wj‡Z bgybv‡K Av‡jvK Dr‡mi m¤§y‡L ¯’vcb Kiv nqK KwVb AvKv‡i L `ªeY AvKv‡i M M¨vmxq AvKv‡i N Zij AvKv‡i 574. AwZ †e¸wY Av‡jvi Drm wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq †KvbwU? K wWD‡Uvwiqvg j¨v¤ú L Uvs‡÷b j¨v¤ú M ‡mvwWqvg j¨v¤ú N mvaviY j¨v¤ú 575. UV-Vis eYv©wjKvi‡K Av‡jvK Dr‡mi m¤§y‡L KqwU †Kvl ¯’vcb Kiv nq? K 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N 4wU 576. UV-Vis eYv©wj‡Z AvYweK AiweUv‡ji B‡jKUªb †kvlY K‡iK `„k¨gvb Av‡jv L near-uv Av‡jv M gvB‡µvI‡qf N K I L 577. HPLC Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU? K Higher Performance Liquid Chromatography L Highest Perfomance Liquid Chromatography M High Performance Liquid Chromatography N High Performance Liquied Coloumn

| 578. eZ©gv‡b we‡kølYx imvq‡b kw³kvjx cÖhyw³ wn‡m‡e mve©Rbxb ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q †KvbwU? K HPLC L GLC M GSC N GC 579. Zi‡j `ªexf~Z †h‡Kv‡bv bgybvq c„_KxKi‡Yi kbv³KiY I gvwÎK we‡køl‡Yi Abb¨ c×wZ †KvbwU? K GC L GLC M HPLC N TLC 580. HPLC cÖhyw³i me©wb¤œ we‡kølY gvÎv KZ? K cvU©m cvi wgwjqb (ppm) L cvU©m cvi wewjqb (ppb) M cvU©m cvi wUªwjqb (PPT) N cvU©m cvi wgwjMÖvg (ppmg) 581. PPT Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU? K Parts Per Trillion L Parts Par Trillion M Parts Per Billion N Parts Par Billion 582. ‡h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi bgybvi †ÿ‡Î ---- cÖhyw³i e¨envi djcÖm~| K GLC L TLC M HPLC N GC 583. ‡Kvb ai‡bi bgybvi †ÿ‡Î HPLC cÖhyw³i e¨envi djcÖm~? K ‰Re L A‰Re M RwUj N ‡h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi 584. e„nr e¨vmwewkó Kjvg, wb¤œcÖevn nvi A_ev wb¤œPvc cvw¤ús e¨envi K‡i c„_KxKiY m¤úbœ nq †Kvb cÖwµqvq? K D”P `ÿZv Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdxi mbvZb cÖwµqv M M¨vm †µv‡gv‡UvMÖvdx N cvZjv ¯Íi †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 585. wb‡Pi †Kvb `ywUi g‡a¨ A‡bK †KŠkjMZ mv`„k¨ we`¨gvb? K GLC I HPLC L GSC I HPLC M TLC I HPLC N GLC I TLC 586. HPLC Gi †KŠkj I hš¿vq‡bi cÖviw¤¢e Dbœqb ïiæ nq ‡KvbwU †_‡K? K M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L Kjvg †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M KvMR †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N cvZjv ¯Íi †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 587. D”P ÿgZvm¤úbœ Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdxi g~j Drm †KvbwU? K M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N mbvZb Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 588. mvaviY Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdxi cÖwµqvq bgybv‡K cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv nqK KwVb Pjgvb `kvq L Zij Pjgvb `kvq M Zij w¯’i `kvq N KwVb w¯’i `kvq 589. mvaviY Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx‡Z cÖev‡ni nvi mvaviYZ KZ? K 0.1 cm2min–1 L 0.1 m3min–1 M 0.1 m3 s –1 N 0.1 cm2 s –1 590. mvaviY Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdxi bZzb ms¯‹iY †KvbwU? K GLC L TLC M HPLC N GC 591. mvaviY Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdxi bZzb ms¯‹iY wn‡m‡e HPLC cÖhyw³i D™¢e nqK Avwki `k‡K L lv‡Ui `k‡K M cÂv‡ki `k‡K N beŸB‡qi `k‡K 592. HPLC †Z Pjgvb `kv‡K KZ Pv‡c cv¤ú Kiv nq? K cÖvq 200 psi L cÖvq 100 psi M cÖvq 400 psi N cÖvq 300 psi 593. HPLC ‡Z e¨eüZ Kjv‡gi ˆ`N¨© KZ? K 10-25 cm L 10-25 m M 20-30 cm N 20-30 m 594. HPLC †Z Kjv‡gi bgybv †cÖiY Kiv nqK wmwi‡Äi gva¨‡g L cv‡¤úi gva¨‡g M nvZ w`‡q ‡X‡j N ey¨‡i‡Ui gva¨‡g 595. HPLC †Z bgybv cÖ‡qvM Kiv nqK Kjv‡gi wb¤œfv‡M L Kjv‡gi ga¨fv‡M M Kjv‡gi Dcwifv‡M N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 596. HPLC Gi †ejvq mwµq †kvlK KjvgwUi e¨eüZ wmwjKv ev cwjgvi e¯‘i AvKvi Kxiƒc? K 2-100 m L 2-200 m M 2-30 m N 2-50m 597. HPLC †Z e¨eüZ Kjv‡gi e¨vm KZ? K 2-40 mm L 2.1-4.6 mm

| M 3-6 mm N 3-7 mm 598. HPLC †Z e¨eüZ Kjv‡gi ˆ`N¨© KZ? K 30-250 mm L 50-300 mm M 60-400 mm N 40-350 mm 599. HPLC †Z w¯’i gva¨‡g †kvwlZ †hŠ‡Mi `ªve¨Zv wbf©i K‡i †KvbwUi Dci? K mPj gva¨‡gi mshyw³ L ZvcgvÎv M mPj gva¨‡gi mshyw³ I ZvcgvÎv N w¯’i gva¨‡gi mshyw³ I ZvcgvÎv 600. HPLC †Z Zij bgybv‡K Pvjbv Kiv - K KwVb †kvl‡Yi Dci w`‡q L Zij †kvl‡Ki Dci w`‡q M M¨vmxq †kvl‡Ki Dci w`‡q N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 601. D”P ÿgZvm¤úbœ Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdxi hvÎv ïiæ nq KZ mv‡j? K 1960 L 1966 M 1970 N 1962 602. HPLC †Z †Kvb Dcv`vbwU Kg mg‡q c„_K n‡q Av‡m? K Zij `kvq hvi `ªeYxqZv †ewk L Zij `kvq hvi `ªeYxqZv Kg M w¯’i `kvq hvi AvKl©Y †ewk N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 603. HPLC †Z †Kvb Dcv`vbwU me‡k‡l wb®ŒvšÍ n‡q _v‡K? K Zij `kvq hvi `ªeYxqZv †ewk L Zij `kvq hvi `ªeYxqZv me‡P‡q †ewk M w¯’i `kvq hvi AvKl©Y †ewk N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 604. ‡hŠ‡Mi gvwÎK we‡kølY Kiv nq Kx‡mi mvnv‡h¨? K Bb‡R±i L wW‡U±i M WvUv wm‡÷g N Iqv÷ 605. HPLC †Z wgkÖ‡Yi cv‡¤úi mvnv‡h¨ KZ Pv‡c Kjv‡gi wfZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ Kiv nq? K aviY mgq L Kjv‡gi ˆ`N¨© M w¯’i gva¨‡g cÖK…wZ N Kjv‡gi e¨vm 606. HPLC †Z Zij wgkÖY‡K cv‡¤úi mvnv‡h¨ KZ Pv‡c Kjv‡gi wfZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ Kiv nq? K 50-250 bar L 50-300 bar M 50-350 bar N 100-400 bar 607. HPLC †Z KwVb †kvlKwU †Kv_vq Ae¯’vb K‡i? K A`vbv`vi c`v_© L `vbv`vi c`v_© M cvwb N cvDWviRvZxq c`v_© 608. HPLC †Z KwVb †kvlKwU †Kv_vq Ae¯’vb K‡i? K Kjv‡gi †fZ‡i L Kjv‡gi evB‡i M cv‡¤úi ‡fZ‡i N wW‡UKU‡ii †fZi 609. Kjvg †µvgv‡UvMÖvdxi GKwU AZ¨vaywbK eûj e¨eüZ we‡kølY c×wZ †KvbwU? K M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N D”P ÿgZvm¤úbœ Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 610. M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z Pjgvb `kv wn‡m‡e Kx e¨eüZ nq? K KwVb L Zij M M¨vm N cvwb 611. w¯’i `kvi cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx KZ cÖKvi? K `yB cÖKvi L wZb cÖKvi M Pvi cÖKvi N cvuP cÖKvi 612. M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z w¯’i `kv †KvbwU? K KwVb L Zij M M¨vm N cvwb 613. me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx c×wZ †KvbwU? K M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M KwVb Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N Zij-Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 614. ‡ebwR‡bi ùzUbv¼ KZ? K 80.1C L 70.8C M 78.5C N 90.8C 615. mvB‡K¬v‡n‡·‡bi ùzUbv¼ KZ?

| K 70.8C L 80.8C M 82.8C N 90.8C 616. M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z _v‡KK e„nr c„ôZj †ÿÎdj L ÿz`ª c„ôZj †ÿÎdj M e„nr AvqZb N ÿz`ª AvqZb 617. M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z c„_KxKi‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i †KvbwU? K Awa‡kvlY L ‡kvlY M wefvRb N e›Ub 618. M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx †Kvb †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ nq? K wb¤œ AvYweK f‡ii M¨vmxq Dcv`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î L D”P AvYweK f‡ii M¨vmxq Dcv`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î M wb¤œ AvYweK f‡ii KwVb Dcv`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î N D”P AvYweK f‡ii KwVb Dcv`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î 619. nvB‡WªvKve©b c„_KxKi‡Y e¨eüZ nq †KvbwU? K M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UªvMÖvdx L M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M cwi‡kvlY †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N wefveRb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 620. Kve©b g‡bv·vBW, Aw·‡Rb I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb c„_KxKi‡Y e¨eüZ nq †Kvb c×wZ? K M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M cwi‡kvlY †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N KvMR †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 621. ‡Kvb †hŠMmg~n KwVb c„ô‡`‡k A‡bKUv ¯’vqxfv‡e Ave× nq? K AwaK †cvjvi L Kg †cvjvi M A‡cvjvi N M¨vmxq 622. RwUj wgkÖ‡Yi Dcv`v‡bi c„_KxKi‡Y e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ nq †Kvb c×wZ? K M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M cwi‡kvlY †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N cvZb 623. M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z w¯’i `kv †KvbwU? K wbw®Œq M¨vm L mwµq M¨vm M wbw®Œq Zij N mwµq Zij 624. M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx‡Z Pjgvb `kv †KvbwU? K KwVb c„ô‡`‡ki Dci Awa‡kvwlZ D”P ùzUbv¼wewkó Zij L KwVb c„ô‡`‡ki Dci Awa‡kvwlZ wb¤œ ùzUbv¼wewkó Zij M KwVb c„ô‡`‡ki Dci Awa‡kvwlZ wb¤œ Mjbv¼wewkó Zij N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 625. M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z bgybv‡K AšÍt‡ÿc (inject) Kiv nq †Kvb `kvq? K KwVb L Zij M M¨vmxq N Rjxq 626. M¨vm-Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z bgybv ev®úxf~Z n‡q †Kvb `kvq (Kjv‡g) cÖevwnZ nq? K KwVb L M¨vmxq M Zij N ‡Kv‡bvwUBbq 627. M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z evnK M¨vm †KvbwU? K wnwjqvg L Aw·‡Rb M ‡K¬vwib N nvB‡Wªv‡Rb 628. M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z evnK M¨vm †KvbwU? K bvB‡Uªv‡Rb L Aw·‡Rb M nvB‡Wªv‡Rb N Kve©b g‡bv·vBW 629. M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z evnK M¨vm †KvbwU? K Kve©b g‡bv·vBW L Kve©b WvBA·vBW M nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBW N bvBUªvm A·vBW 630. Kjv‡gi †fZi w`‡q `ªæZ †ewi‡q Av‡m †Kvb Dcv`vbwU? K w¯’i `kvq hvi `ªve¨Zv Kg L w¯’i `kvq evi `ªve¨Zv †ewk M mPj `kvq hvi `ªve¨Zv Kg N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 631. Kjvg †_‡K wb¤œ MwZ‡Z wb®ŒvšÍ nq †Kvb Dcv`vbwU? K w¯’i `kvq hvi `ªve¨Zv Kg

| L w¯’i `kvq hvi `ªve¨Zv †ewk M mPj `kvq hvi `ªve¨Zv †ewk N ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 632. mg‡qi wecixZ wW‡U±i wmMb¨v‡ji Aw¼Z †jLwPÎwU ejv nqK ‡µvgv‡UvMÖvwd L ‡µvgv‡UvMÖvd M aviY mgq N AvB‡mv_vg© 633. M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z Dcv`v‡bi ¸YMZ we‡kølY Kiv nq wK‡mi Øviv? K aviY mgq L P~ovšÍ D”PZv M ‡gvU †ÿÎdj N Kjvg ˆ`N¨© 634. M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z Dcv`v‡bi cwigvYMZ we‡kølY Kiv nqK P~ovšÍ D”PZv †_‡K L ‡gvU †ÿÎdj †_‡K M aviY mgq †_‡K N K I L 635. M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z Pjgvb `kv wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq? K M¨vm L KwVb M Zij N M¨vm I Zij 636. M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z _v‡KK GKwU w¯’i †dR L GKwU Pjgvb †dR M GKwU w¯’i †dR I GKwU Pjgvb †dR N `ywU Pjgvb †dR 637. we‡qvRb QvovB ev®úvwqZ nq Ggb c`v‡_©i c„_KxKiY I we‡køl‡Y e¨eüZ c×wZ †KvbwU? K M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L D”P ÿgZvm¤úbœ Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M Kjvg †µvgv‡UvMÖvdxN ‡Rj †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 638. M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z Kx‡mi wfwˇZ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni kbv³KiY I c„_KxKiY Kiv nq? K wi‡Ubkb mgq L `ªve¨Zv M e›Ub ¸Yv¼ N Awa‡kvlY 639. M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvdxi Aci bvg Kx? K M¨vm-Zij cvwU©kb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M Kjvg †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N cvwU©kb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 640. mPj M¨vm gva¨g‡K DËß ivLvi Rb¨ w¯’i gva¨‡gi KjvgwU‡K †Kv_vq ivLv nq? K Kjv‡g L wW‡U±‡i M I‡f‡b N Bb‡R±‡i 641. M¨vm †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx †KvbwUi mgZzj¨? K AvswkK cvZb L wb¤œPvc cvZb M ev®ú cvZb N cvZb 642. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K Dcv`vb †hŠ‡M MwZ‡eM = evnK M¨v‡mi MwZ‡eM + †gvU mg‡qi hZ Ask Dcv`vb †hŠM mPj gva¨‡g wQj L Dcv`vb †hŠ‡M MwZ‡eM = evnK M¨v‡mi MwZ‡eM – †gvU mg‡qi hZ Ask Dcv`vb †hŠM mPj gva¨‡g wQj M Dcv`vb †hŠ‡M MwZ‡eM = evnK M¨v‡mi MwZ‡eM †gvU mg‡qi hZ Ask Dcv`vb †hŠM mPj gva¨‡g wQj N Dcv`vb †hŠ‡M MwZ‡eM = evnK M¨v‡mi MwZ‡eM †gvU mg‡qi hZ Ask Dcv`vb †hŠM mPj gva¨‡g wQj 643. ‡Kvb Dcv`vbwU Kjvg †_‡K evnK M¨v‡mi mv‡_ cÖ_‡g wbM©Z nq? K hvi MwZ‡eM †ewk L hvi MwZ‡eM Kg M hvi `ªve¨Zv w¯’i gva¨‡g †ewk N ‡hwU w¯’i gva¨‡g †ewk AvK…ó nq 644. cÖ‡Z¨K Dcv`vb †hŠM Kx‡mi wfwˇZ wfbœ wfbœ MwZ‡e‡M Kjvg †_‡K wbM©Z nq? K `ªve¨Zvi L ZvcgvÎvi M wefvRb Ask N ‡kvlY gvÎv 645. Acwi‡kvwaZ †Z‡ji b¨vq AZ¨šÍ RwUj wgkÖY c„_KxKiY m¤¢e †Kvb c×wZ‡Z? K M¨vm KwVb †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx L M¨vm-Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx M D”P `ÿZv Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx N Kjvg †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx 646. M¨vm Zij †µvgv‡UvMÖvdx Kx‡mi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ nq? K Awa‡kvlY L ivmvqwbK eÜb

| M Awa‡kvlY I ivmvqwbK eÜb N ‡kvlY 647. ÿvi `ªe‡Yi gvÎv ppm GK‡KK 1ppm L 10 ppm M 100 ppm N 1000 ppm 648. 10% Na2CO3 `ªe‡Yi †gvjvi NbgvÎv n‡eK 0.9434 mol kg–1 L 0.9434 M M 0.9434 molL–1 N 9.4340 molL–1 649. K4[Fe(CN)6] RwUj †hŠ‡M Fe Gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K +2 L +3 M +4 N +6 650. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi †ejvq mPj gva¨giƒ‡c wnwjqvg e¨eüZ nq? K TLC L HPLC M GLPC N CC 651. 500mL 0.5M Kw÷K †mvWv `ªeY †_‡K KZ mL †Wwm †gvjvi `ªeY ˆZwi Kiv hv‡e? K 2500mL L 2000mL M 5000mL N 1350 652. ‡¯úK‡UªvwgUv‡i 1cm ˆ`N¨©wewkó ‡m‡j GKwU `ªeY †i‡L Gi we‡kvlY 0.156 cvIqv †Mj| `ª‡ei †gvjvi †kvlY mnM 1.2104 n‡j `ªeYwUi NbgvÎv †KvbwU n‡e? K 1.3510–5 M L 1.310–4M M 1.210–4 M N 1.310–15molL–1 653. GKwU ivmvqwbK mgxKi‡Yi Zvrch© wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K we‡ePbv Kiv hvq bv? K wewµqvq mswkøó wewµqK I Drcv‡`i †gŠj msL¨vi AbycvZ Rvbv hvq L wewµqvq mswkøó wewµqK I Drcv‡`i f‡ii AbycvZ Rvbv hvq M wewµqvq †Kv‡bv M¨vm Drcbœ n‡j Drcbœ M¨v‡mi AvqZb Rvbv hvq N UvB‡Uªkb cÖwµqvq ARvbv `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv Rvbv hvq 654. 15.0g Lwo gvwU‡Z AwaK Zv‡c †cvov‡bv n‡j KZMÖvg Pzb cvIqv hv‡e? K 8.4 g L 1.5 g M 4.2 g N 0.75 g 655. wb‡Pi †Kvb wb‡`©kKwU Dw™¢` †_‡K AvnwiZ? K wjUgvm L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M wg_vBj A‡iÄ N wg_vBj †iW 656. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi cwigvcK we‡køl‡Y Beer’s Lambert m~‡Îi cÖ‡qvM bvB? K Atomic absorption L `„k¨gvb iwk¥i eYv©wj M Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥i eY©vwj N HPLC 657. `ªe‡Yi A¤øZ¡/ÿviZ¡ wPwýZKi‡Yi Rb¨ †h mKj †hŠM e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K wb‡`©kK ejv nq| G ai‡bi wKQz wb‡`©k‡Ki g‡a¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖK…wZ †_‡K AvnwiZ? K wjUgvm L ‡dbd_¨vwjb M wg_vBj A‡iÄ N wg_vBj †iW 658. cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c 50g CaCO3 †K DËß Ki‡j KZ AvqZ‡bi CO2 cvIqv hv‡e? K 44.8 L L 22.4 L M 11.2 L N 20 L 659. cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c GK †gvj Aw·‡Rb cvevi Rb¨ KZ MÖvg HgO `» Kiv cÖ‡qvRb? K 216 g L 432 g M 250 g N 150 g 660. 0.01M NbgvÎvi 100mL `ªeY cÖ¯‘wZ Ki‡Z 0.5M `ªe‡Yi KZ mL `iKvi? K 5mL L 2 mL M 4 mL N 10mL 661. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K RviY-weR&viY wewµqv wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i? K Cu2+ + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4] 2+ L Cl2 + 2OH– Cl– + ClO– + H2O M NH3 + H+ NH4 + N Ca2+ + 2F– CaF2 662. GKwU cv‡Î ivLv 16g wg‡_b M¨vm †_‡K NTP †Z 11.2L wbM©Z n‡q †M‡j H cv‡Î Avi KZwU M¨vm AYy Aewkó _v‡K? K 6.0231023 L 3.01151022 M 3.01151023 N 5.0231023 663. wb‡¤œi wewµqvwUi Rb¨ †KvbwU mwVK? Mg + 2H+ = Mg2+ + H2 K GKwU cÖkgb wewµqv

| L GKwU RviY weRviY wewµqv M GKwU cÖwZ¯’vcb wewµqv N GKwU ms‡hvRb wewµqv 664. G wewµqvq Avqb K weRvwiZ nq L B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i M B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i N Aw·‡Rb MÖnY K‡i 665. Fe2O3 Gi A¤øZ¡ KZ? K 2 L 3 M 6 N 1 666. Na2CO3 Gi HCl cÖkg‡bi Rb¨ Dchy³ wb‡`©kK Kx? K wg_vBj A‡iÄ L wjUgvm M ‡dbd_¨vwjb N 667. H2SO4 Gi †gvjvi NbgvÎv bigvj NbgvÎviK wظY L mgvb M A‡a©K N Pvi¸Y 668. 1.008g H2- G AYyi msL¨vK 6.0231023 L 12.0461023 M 3.01151023 N 3.01151025 669. 2.0L `ªeY 80g NaOH `ªexf~Z _vK‡j `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎvK 1.0M L 2.0M M 0.5M N 0.7M 670. 6.0231023wU CO2 AYyi NTP †Z AvqZbK 22.4 L L 2.24L M 0.224L N 22400L 671. 10cm3 0.1M HCl `ªeY cÖkg‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb NaOH Gi †Wwm‡gvjvi `ªe‡YiK cm3 L 10 cm3 M 15 cm3 N 20 cm3 672. ivmvqwbK wewµqvq wewµqK I Drcv` AYyi msL¨v KZ? K wewµqK Ges Drcv‡`i AYyi msL¨v mgvb _v‡K L wewµq‡Ki AYy msL¨v †ewk M Drcv` AYy msL¨v †ewk N cÖ_‡g wewµq‡Ki AYy msL¨v †ewk c‡i Drcv` AYyi msL¨v †ewk 673. GwmW ÿviK cÖkgb wewµqvq je‡Yi mnDrcv` †KvbwU? K H2O L SO2 M H2S N HCl 674. NaCl Gi †mvwWqv‡gi RviY msL¨v KZ? K +1 L – 1 M 0 N 1 675. H2SiF6 †hŠMwU‡Z wmwjK‡bi RviYgvb KZ? K +2 L +3 M +4 N +5 676. GwmWxq `ªe‡Y KMnO4 Øviv wb‡Pi †KvbwU RvwiZ nq? K PbO2 L H2O2 M FeCl3 N H2S 677. ÷vbvm †K¬vivBW I gviwKDwiK ‡K¬vivB‡Wi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? K Sn4+ + 2Hg2+ = Sn2+ + 2Hg+ L Sn2+ + 2Hg+ = Sn4+ + 2Hg2+ M Sn2+ + 2Hg2+ = Sn4+ + 2Hg+ N Sn4+ + 2Hg4+ = Sn2+ + 2Hg2+ 678. 100mL `ªe‡Y 10.6g Na2CO3 _vK‡j `ªeYwUi NbgvÎv KZ? K 0.1M L 0.2M M 0.5M N 1M 679. 0.05 ppm Gi A_© Kx? K 1L `ªe‡Y 0.05mgL 1L `ªe‡Y 0.5g M 1L `ªe‡Y 0.005g N 1L `ªe‡Y 50mg 680. Redox wewµqvq 1 ‡gvj Fe2+ RvwiZ Kivi Rb¨ KZ †gvj A¤øxq KMnO4 `ªeY jvM‡e? K 1 mol L 3 mol M 5 mol N 10 mol 681. Fe3O4 G Fe Gi RviY gvb KZ? K +2 L +3 M N 682. K2Cr2O7 + KI+ HCl wewµqvq cÖwZwU Cr6+ Avqb KZwU B‡jKUªb MÖnY K‡i? K 1 L 2 M 3 N 6 683. STP †Z 0.2g H2 M¨v‡m AYyi msL¨v KZ? K 6.0231023 L 6.0231022 2 2 C2O4 CO 2 C2O4 3 8 3 4

| M 6.0231021 N 6.0231024 684. 4.4g CO2 †K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Na2CO3 G iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z KZ MÖvg NaOH jvM‡e? K 4g L 8g M 16g N 32g 685. HCl G †dbd_¨vjb Kx eY© aviY K‡i? K jvj L ‡Mvjvc M njy` N eY©nxb 686. 0.1M Na2CO3 `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv ppm GK‡K KZ? K 10.6 ppm L 106 ppm M 1060 ppm N 10600 ppm 687. 100mL †mw›U‡gvjvi H2SO4 `ªe‡Y KZ MÖvg H2SO4 Av‡Q? K 98g L 9.8g M 0.98g N 0.098g 688. AwZwi³ HCl `ªe‡Y 1g CaCO3 †hvM Ki‡j KZ MÖvg CO2 cvIqv hv‡e? K 44g L 4.4g M 0.44g N 0.044g 689. NaOH + CH3COOH wewµqvq Dchy³ wb‡`©kK †KvbwU? K wg_vBj †iW L wg_vBj A‡iÄ M _vBgj eøy N ‡dbjd_¨vwjb 690. 100mL 0.5M Na2CO3 `ªeY‡K 0.1M Na2CO3 `ªe‡Y cwiYZ Ki‡Z KZ mL cvwb †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e? K 100 mL L 200 mL M 300 mL N 400 mL 691. 50mL 10% Na2CO3 `ªeY‡K cÖkwgZ Kivi Rb¨ 0.5M HCl Gi KZ mL `ªeY cÖ‡qvRb? K 1.8867 mL L 18.87 mL M 1.89 mL N 0.188 mL 692. 250 mL 0.1M H2SO4 `ªeY ˆZwi Ki‡Z KZ MÖvg H2SO4 jvM‡e? K 9.8 L 0.98 M 0.53 N 2.5 693. 50mL 0.1M FeSO4 Gi A¤øxq `ªeY‡K cÖwgZKi‡Y 50 mL KZ NbgvÎvi KMnO4 `ªeY jvM‡e? K 0.1M L 01M M 0.2M N 0.02M 694. Zn + 2HCl (jNy) ZnCl2 + A G wewµqvq 6.5g Zn e¨envi Ki‡j KZ MÖvg A cvIqv hv‡e? K 0.1g L 0.2g M 0.3g N 0.5g 695. 1g weï× CaCO3 †K AwZwi³ jNy HCl `ªexf~Z Ki‡j †h cwigvY CO2 cvIqv hv‡e Zv‡K cy‡ivcywi Na2CO3 G cwiYZ Ki‡Z KZ MÖvg KwóK †mvWv jvM‡e? K 0.8g L 4.0g M 40g N 80g 696. wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe‡Y †dbd_¨vwjb †Mvjvwc eY© aviY K‡i? K HCl L H2SO4 M NaCl N NaOH 697. STP †Z †gvjvi AvqZb KZ? K 24.8L L 24.4 L M 22.4 L N 22.789 L 698. 0.0001M AgNO2 `ªe‡Y KZ ppm Ag+ Av‡Q? K 108 L 120 M 180 N 208 699. H2SO4 †hŠ‡M S Gi RviY gvb KZ? K +4 L +6 M +2 N +5 700. 2.5M NaOH `ªe‡Yi NbgvZv kZKivq KZ? K L M N v w 10% v w 15% v w 20% v w 30%

| অধ্যায় ০৪: তরিৎ েসায়ি 1. Zwor cÖevn g~jZK ‡cÖvU‡bi cÖevn L B‡jKUª‡bi cÖevn M AvqwbK c`v‡_©i cÖevn N M¨v‡mi cÖevn 2. ‡hme c`v‡_©i wfZi w`‡q Zwor cwienb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i Kx ejv nq? K AvqwbK cwievnx L Zvc cwievnx M Zwor cwievnx N Zwor Acwievnx 3. ‡KvbwU Zwor cwienb K‡i? K mvaviY jeY L ﮋ KvV M ivevi N `ªexf~Z jeY 4. ‡KvbwU Zwor cwienb K‡i bv? K avZe gva¨g L MwjZ NaCl M KvP N H2SO4 wgwkÖZ cvwb 5. ‡KvbwUi Zwor cwien‡bi KviY gy³ B‡jKUªb? K nxiKL MwjZ Lv`¨ jeY M HCl wgwkÖZ cvwb N MÖvdvBU 6. ‡KvbwU wfbœ cÖK…wZi? K NaOH `ªeYL GwmW wgwkÖZ cvwb M MwjZ jeY N NaCl 7. cÖ‡Z¨KwU c`v‡_©i Zwor cwienb Kivi ÿgZv mgvb bv nIqvi KviYK wfbœ wfbœ ˆewkó¨ L B‡jKUª‡bi Abycw¯’wZ M AvqwbZ nIqvi AÿgZv N AvqwbZ nIqvi cÖeYZv 8. Zwor cwien‡bi gvÎv I Zwor cwien‡bi ÿgZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Zwor cwievnx‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q? K cvuP fv‡M L wZb fv‡M M `yB fv‡M N Pvi fv‡M 9. ‡KvbwU Zwor cwievnxi cÖKvi‡f` bv? K mycwievnx L Kzcwievnx M Acwievnx N weea©K 10. ‡KvbwU Zwor mycwievnx? K MÖvdvBU L KvuP M ivevi N ‡jvnv 11. ‡KvbwU Zwor mycwievnx bv? K Zvgv L NaCl M HCl wgwkÖZ cvwb N A¨vjywgwbqvg 12. ‡KvbwU Zwor Kzcwievnx? K KvP L ivevi M wPwb N MÖvdvBU 13. ‡KvbwU Zwor Acwievnx? K MÖvdvBU L Zvgv M je‡Yi `ªeY N ‡c‡Uªvj 14. Zwor cwien‡bi c×wZ Z_v cwien‡bi †KŠk‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i cwievnx KZ cÖKvi? K wZb L `yB M Pvi N cvuP 15. ‡KvbwU B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx bv? K Kcvi L Zvgv M wmjfvi N wPwb 16. ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ avZe cwievwni cwievnxZvK n«vm cvq L e„w× cvq M AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K N mvgvb¨ e„w× cvq 17. B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx w`‡q we`y¨r cwien‡bi mgq c`v‡_©i Kx N‡U? K ‡fŠZ cwieZ©b L ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b M ‡fŠZ I ivmvqwbK Dfq cwieZ©b N Af¨šÍixY kw³i cwieZ©b 18. B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx‡K Zwor cwien‡bi mgq N‡U bv †KvbwU? K ivmvqwbK wewµqv L ZvcgvÎvq cwieZ©b M B‡jKUªb cwienb N ‡fŠZ cwieZ©b 19. avZe cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î Kvi m~Î cÖ‡hvR¨? K w÷‡d‡bi m~Î L ‡÷vi‡mi m~Î M e‡q‡ji m~Î N In‡gi m~Î 20. ‡h me c`v_© Zwor cÖev‡ni mgq wewkøó n‡q hvq Zv‡`i Kx e‡j? K Zworwe‡køl¨ L Zwor Awe‡køl¨ M AvqwbK c`v_© N avZe c`v_© 21. ‡KvbwU Zworwe‡køl¨ c`v_©? K CuSO4 L CuO M CCl4N wPwb 22. ‡KvbwUi Zwor cwienb Am¤¢e? K NaCl `ªeY L CuSO4 `ªeY M NaOH `ªeYN weï× cvwb 23. Zworwe‡køl¨ cwien‡bi mgq Kx N‡U?

| K ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b L ‡fŠZ cwieZ©b M Dfq cwieZ©bB N avZe cwieZ©b 24. Zworwe‡køl¨ cwievnx‡Z Kxfv‡e Zwor cÖevwnZ nq? K Avqb PjvP‡ji gva¨‡g L B‡jKUª‡bi PjvP‡ji gva¨‡g M Avqb I B‡jKUªb Df‡qi gva¨‡g N Zi‡½i gva¨‡g 25. d¨viv‡Wi m~Î cÖ‡hvR¨ †KvbwUi †ÿ‡Î? K MÖvdvBU L Kcvi M weï× cvwb N MwjZ NaCl 26. ‡Kvb wewµqvi gva¨‡g Zworwe‡køl¨ cwievnx Zwor cwienb K‡i? K RviY weRviY L cvwb‡hvRb M AvqbxKiY N cÖkgb 27. avZe cwievnx‡KK B‡jKUª‡bi gva¨‡g Zwor cÖevwnZ nq L Avqb PjvP‡ji gva¨‡g Zwor cÖevwnZ nq M Zwor cÖev‡ni mgq ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b N‡U N Zwor cÖev‡ni GK ev GKvwaK bZzb c`v‡_©i m„wó nq 28. KvP we`y¨r Acwievnx KviYÑ K GwU A‡cvjvi mg‡hvRx †hŠM L GwU wgwn wµ÷vjvBb c`v_© M GwU `ªexf~Z nq bv N GwU HNO3 Øviv ÿqcÖvß nq 29. ‡KvbwUi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor `ªæZ MwZ‡Z cÖevwnZ n‡e? K Zn avZz L MwjZ NaCl M HCl N H2 M¨vm 30. ‡KvbwU Acwievnx? K `ªexf~Z NaCl L D”P Pv‡c H2 M¨vm M wb¤œ Pv‡c H2 M¨vm N MÖvdvBU 31. avZe cwievnx‡Z †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b N‡U bv †Kb? K B‡jKUªb MwZkxj _v‡K e‡j L wbDwK¬qvm w¯’i _v‡K e‡j M PvR© enb K‡i bv e‡j N ‡fŠZ c×wZ e‡j 32. Zworwe‡køl¨ cwievnxi Aci bvg Kx? K AvqwbK cwievnx L ‡cvjvi cwievnx M B‡jKUªbxq cwievnx N Kzcwievnx 33. ‡KvbwU Zwor cÖevnKv‡j A¯’vqx Pz¤^KZ¡ jvf K‡i? K Cu L NaCl M NaOH N H2 34. ‡KvbwU cwievwnZv ZvcgvÎv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ ev‡o? K MÖvdvBU L ‡jvnv M wR¼ N jeY 35. KwVb c`v‡_© ‡hvRbx B‡jKUªb KZ ai‡bi eÜb MVb K‡i? K 2 ai‡bi L 3 ai‡bi M 4 ai‡bi N 5 ai‡bi 36. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AvswkK †cvjvi mg‡hvRx †hŠM? K NaCl L HCl M NaOH N KCl 37. AvqwbK †hŠM Zwor cwienb K‡iK weMwjZ Ae¯’vq L KwVb Ae¯’vq M evqexq Ae¯’vq N ùwUKvKvi Ae¯’vq 38. Zwor cwien‡bi mgq AvqwbK †hŠ‡Mi Kx N‡U? K ùzUbL we‡qvRb M we”QyiY N Nbxfeb 39. wb‡Pi †KvbwU MwjZ ev `ªexf~Z Ae¯’vq Zwor cwienb K‡i? K Lv`¨ jeY L wbkv`j M Zvgv N MÖvdvBU 40. ‡KvbwU KwVb Ae¯’vq we`y¨r cwienb K‡i? K ÿviK L GwmW M jeY N MÖvdvBU 41. Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j Zwor we‡kø‡l¨i we‡qvRb‡K Kx e‡j? K Zwor we‡kølY L ivmvqwbK we‡kølY M K¨v‡_vwWK we‡kølY N A¨v‡bvwWK we‡kølY 42. Zworwe‡køl¨ cwievnxi Zwor cwienb ÿgZvK Kg L LyeB Kg M ‡ewk N LyeB †ewk 43. cvwb‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Zwor cwienb ÿgZv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk? K NaOH L NH4OH M H2CO3 N CH3COOH 44. `ªe‡Y hv‡`i Zwor cwienb ÿgZv †ewk Zv‡`i Kx e‡j? K Zxeª Zworwe‡køl¨ L Zxeª AvqwbK M Zxeª mg‡hvRx N g„`y Zworwe‡køl¨ 45. `ªe‡Y hv‡`i Zwor cwienb ÿgZv †ewk Zv‡`i Kx e‡j? K Zxeª AvqwbK L g„`y AvqwbK

| M g„`y Zworwe‡køl¨ N Zxeª Zworwe‡køl¨ 46. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Zwor Awe‡køl¨? K Zvgv L MwjZ NaCl M wPwb N MÖvdvBU 47. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Zworwe‡køl¨? K wPwb L BDwiqv M Møy‡KvR N H2SO4 wgwkÖZ cvwb 48. Zwor ‡Kv‡li Zi‡j Wzev‡bv avZe `Û‡K Kx e‡j? K ZworØvi L e¨vUvix M jeY †mZz N Zworwe‡køl¨ 49. Zwor ‡Kv‡l e¨eüZ abvZ¥K PvR©hy³ ZworØvi‡K Kx e‡j? K K¨v‡_vW L A¨v‡bvW M e¨vUvix N jeY †mZz 50. A¨vbvqb Kx ai‡bi PvR© enb K‡i? K abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K M PvR©wenxb N gy³ g~jK 51. Zworwe‡køl¨ Zwor cwien‡bi ÿgZv‡K Kx e‡j? K cwievnxZv L cwievnx M ‡iva N cwievnKZ¡ 52. ‡KvbwUi In‡gi m~Î? K R V I L V R I M I R V N VA PL I 53. wefe cv_©‡K¨i GKK Kx? K Ing L ‡fvë M A¨vw¤úqvi N wm‡gÝ 54. Av‡cwÿK †iv‡ai wecixZ ivwk‡K Kx e‡j? K Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZv L cwievwnZv M Zzj¨ cwievwnZv N ‡gvjvi cwievwnZv 55. Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZvi GKK Kx? K Ing L (Ing)–1 M A¨vw¤úqvi N (A¨vw¤úqvi)–1 56. ‡KvbwUi mvnv‡h¨ Av‡cwÿK cwievwnZv wbY©q Kiv hvq? K ûBU‡÷vb wgUvi weªR L ‡cvjvivqb M M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi N A¨vwgUvi 57. ‡iva wbiƒc‡b mgcÖevn we`y¨r e¨envi Ki‡j †KvbwU m„wói m¤¢vebv _v‡K? K ¯’vwbK wµqv L ‡cvjvivqb M wef‡ei cwieZ©b N Zwor cÖev‡ni cwieZ©b 58. ‡cvjvivqb wµqvi d‡j †KvbwU NUv Am¤¢e? K ‡iv‡ai gv‡bi cwieZ©b L `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎvi cwieZ©b M cvk¦© wewµqv N‡U N cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎd‡ji cwieZ©b 59. Zzj¨ cwievwnZvi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? K K C 1000 L K C 100 M K C 1000 N K C 100 60. ‡KvbwU mwVK? K K¨v‡_vW e¨vUvwii abvZ¥K cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K L K¨vUvqb FYvZ¥K PvR©hy³ Avqb M A¨v‡bvW abvZ¥K ZworØvi N A¨v‡bv‡W K¨vUvqb AvK…ó nq 61. ‡KvbwU wg_¨v? K BDwiqv‡Z mg‡hvRx eÜb we`¨gvb L BDwiqv Zwor cwienb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv M BDwiqv †cvjvi mg‡hvRx †hŠM N BDwiqv ‰Re †hŠM 62. Zworwe‡køl¨ †Kv‡l Zwor kw³ †Kvb kw³ †_‡K Av‡m? K Av‡jvK kw³ †_‡K L Zvckw³ †_‡K M ivmvqwbK kw³ †_‡K N ‡mŠikw³ †_‡K 63. Zworwe‡køl¨ †Kv‡lK A¨v‡bvW FYvZ¥K PvR©hy³ L K¨v‡_vW abvZ¥K PvR©hy³ M K¨vUvqb K¨v‡_v‡W hvq N A¨v‡bvW e¨vUvixi FYvZ¥K cÖv‡šÍ hy³ _v‡K 64. eªvB‡b Zwor we‡kølY Ki‡j †KvbwU K¨v‡_v‡W hvq? K Cl– L OH– M Na+ N H + 65. Zzu‡Zi `ªe‡Y Kcvi B‡jK‡UªvW e¨envi Ki‡j Zwor we‡køl‡Yi mgq A¨v‡bv‡WK Cu2+ PvR©gy³ L Cu avZz Cu2+ Drcbœ K‡i M Aw·‡Rb Drcbœ nq N H2 M¨vm Drcbœ nq

| 66. eªvB‡bi Zwor we‡køl‡Y K¨v‡_vW wn‡m‡e Pt e¨envi Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W Kx cvIqv hvq? K Na avZz L H2 M¨vm M cvwb N Aw·‡Rb 67. cwieZx© cÖevn cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û KZevi w`K cwieZ©b K‡i? K 50-60 evi L 80-100 evi M 100-500 evi N 500-1000 evi 68. CH3COOH `ye©j Zworwe‡køl¨ †Kb? K A‡cvjvi †hŠM e‡j L mg‡hvRx †hŠM e‡j M Kg AvqwbZ nq e‡j N ‡ewk AvqwbZ nq e‡j 69. ‡KvbwU my‡µv‡Ri ms‡KZ? K C12H22O11 L C12H22O12 M C6H12O11 N C6H12O13 70. 1 †gvj HCl GwmW †_‡K KZ †gvj nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Avqb Drcbœ nq? K 1 †gvj L 0.5 †gvj M 2 †gvj N 3 1 †gvj 71. my‡µvR Rjxq `ªe‡Y Zwor cwienb K‡i bv, KviY GwU K AvqwbK †hŠM L ‡cvjvi †hŠM M A‡cvjvi †hŠM N mwbœ‡ek †hŠM 72. ‡KvbwU wf‡bMvi ˆZwi‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq? K CH3COOH L CH3CH2COOH M HOOC–COOH N HCOOH 73. wf‡bMv‡i Kx cwigvY A¨vwmwUK GwmW _v‡K? K 6-8% L 6-10% M 6-12% N 4-6% 74. ‡KvbwU Øviv cÖevwnZ Zwo‡Zi cwigvY wbY©q Kiv hvq? K A¨vwgUvi L ‡fvëwgUvi M e¨v‡ivwgUvi N wc‡KvwgUvi 75. ‡KvbwU Zwor Awe‡køl¨? K CH3OH L H3PO4 M HF N CH3COOH 76. wg_vbj Zwor cwienb K‡i bv KviYK A‡cvjvi mg‡hvRx †hŠM L AvswkK †cvjvi mg‡hvRx †hŠM M mwbœ‡ek mg‡hvRx †hŠM N cvwb Øviv we‡køwlZ nq 77. we`y¨r kw³i cwigvcK †KvbwU? K we`y¨r PvR© L ‡cvjvwiZ nIqvi ÿgZv M we`¨gvb gy³‡Rvo B‡jKUªb N `ªve¨Zv 78. ‡Kv‡bv c`v‡_©i Zwor cwien‡bi ag©‡K Kx e‡j? K cwievnKZ¡ L cwievwnZv M cwievnK N cwievnx 79. Zworwe‡køl¨ cwievnx me©cÖ_g †Kvb weÁvbx D™¢veb K‡ib? K gvB‡Kj A¨vš’wb L gvB‡Kj d¨viv‡W M gvB‡Kj nvIqv_© N gvB‡Kj Rbmb 80. gvB‡Kj d¨viv‡W KZ mv‡j Zvi Zwor cwien‡bi †gŠwjK m~Î `ywU cÖKvk Ki? K 1835 L 1833 M 1831 N 1832 81. Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j †h ivmvqwbK we‡qvRb N‡U Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K Zwor we‡kølY L Zwor we‡qvRb M Zwor ms‡hvRb N Zwor ms‡kølY 82. Zwor cÖev‡ni d‡j ZworØv‡i mwÂZ c`v‡_©i cwigvY cÖevwnZ Zwo‡ZiK e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK L e‡M©i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK M mgvbycvwZK N e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK 83. ‡KvbwU Am¤¢e? K W = ZQ L Q = It M W = ZIt N Q = ZIt 84. GK Kzj¤^ we`y¨r cÖev‡ni d‡j †Kv‡bv c`v‡_©i hZ cwigvY A¨v‡bv‡W `ªexf~Z ev K¨v‡_v‡W mwÂZ nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ L Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ M d¨viv‡W N hvwš¿K Zzj¨v¼ 85. wmjfv‡ii Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ KZ? K 0.001118g L 0.000118 g M 0.000010447 g N 0.00010447 g 86. wmjfvi bvB‡Uª‡Ui Zwor we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g GK †gvj wmjfvi Drcbœ Ki‡Z KZ †gvj wmjfvi bvB‡UªU jvM‡e? K GK †gvj L `yB †gvj M Aa© †gvj N wZb †gvj 87. Ag+ (aq) + e– Ag(s) wewµqvwU †Kvb ai‡bi?

| K RviY weRviY L RviY M weRviY N ms‡hvRb 88. wmjfvi cigvYyi fi KZ? K 108 g L 104 g M 127 g N 78 g 89. wmjfvi 108 g G cigvYy msL¨v KZ? K 6.02310-23wU L 6.0231023wU M 1wU N 2.991023wU 90. GK d¨viv‡W mgvb KZ? K 9650 L 96500 M 965000 N 965500 91. 25C ZvcgvÎvq AgNO3 `ªe‡Y 2.5 amp Zwor Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W 5g Ag Rgv nq| hw` ZvcgvÎv 50C nq Z‡e Kx cwigvY Ag Rgv n‡e? K 10g L 5g M 20g N 2.5g 92. Fe2+ `ªeY n‡Z 56g †jvnv‡K ZworØv‡i Rgv Ki‡Z 2F Zwor jvMv‡j F 3+ `ªeY n‡Z GKB cwigvY †jvnv‡K ZworØv‡i Rgv Ki‡Z Kx cwigvY Zwor jvM‡e? K 2F L 4F M 3F N F 2 1 93. d¨viv‡Wi m~Î wb‡Pi †Kvb cwievnxi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨? K MwjZ NaCl L MÖvdvBU M wPwbi `ªeY N Møy‡Kv‡Ri `ªeY 94. wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î d¨viv‡Wi m~‡Îi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ÎæwU jÿ Kiv hvq? K 100 fvM B‡jK‡UªvjvBwUK `ªeY L GKB mv‡_ gvÎ GKwU wewµqv NU‡j M GKwU gvÎ RviY-weRviY wewµqvi †ÿ‡Î N GKvwaK RviY-weRviY NU‡j 95. ‡KvbwU †iW· wewµqv? K Na+ + e– Na L Cl– – e – Cl2 2 1 M 2 Cl2 Cl2 2 1 Cl 2 1 N 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 96. ‡K¬vwib cigvYyi Avqb (Cl– ) Gi †K‡›`ª †cÖvUb msL¨v KZ? K 17wUL 19wU M 20wUN 18wU 97. ‡mvwWqvg cigvYy †_‡K GK †gvj K¨vUvqb †c‡Z 6.0231023wU B‡jKUªb MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j A¨vjywgwbqvg †_‡K GK †gvj K¨vUvqb KZwU B‡jKUªb MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb? K 16.0231023wU L 2 1 6.0231023wU M 26.0231023wU N 36.0231023wU 98. AgNO3 `ªe‡Y 5 A¨vw¤úqvi we`y¨r 10 wgwbU a‡i Pvjbv Ki‡j Kx cwigvY Ag avZz mwÂZ n‡e? K 5.36g L 2.5g M 3.361g N 2.63g 99. ‡µvwgqvg (III) mvj‡dU `ªe‡Y 5.0 amp Zwor KZ mgq a‡i Pvjbv Ki‡j K¨v‡_v‡W 2.5g †µvwgqvg avZz mwÂZ nq? K 46.40 minL 45.46 min M 46.50 minN 50.46 min 100. Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v‡¼i GKK Kx? K MÖvg (Kzj¤^)–1 L (MÖvg)–1 Kzj¤^ M MÖvg (wjUvi)–1 N (Kzj¤^)–1 101. 0.5A gvÎvi Zwor cÖevn 10 min mgq a‡i Zzu‡Zi Rjxq `ªe‡Y Pvjbv Ki‡j Kx cwigvY Kcvi mwÂZ n‡e? K 0.0987g L 9g M 0.8 g N 0.0509 g 102. Kcvi mvj‡dU `ªe‡Yi ga¨w`‡q 2 amp Zwor KZÿY Pvjbv Ki‡j 2.368 g Kcvi mwÂZ n‡e? K 10 min 30 s L 20 min 30 s M 58 min 59 s N 30 min 10 s 103. jNy mvjwdDwiK Gwm‡Wi g‡a¨ cøvwUbvg ZworØv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ KZ Kzj¤^ we`y¨r cÖevwnZ Ki‡j Av`k© DòZv I Pv‡c ZworØv‡i 500cm3 nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Drcbœ n‡e? K 2154.09 Kzj¤^ L 4308.036 Kzj¤^ M 8131.036 Kzj¤^ N 9308.036 Kzj¤^ 104. Kcvi avZzi cvigvYweK fi 63.5| Gi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ KZ? K 0.000118 g coul–1 L 0.000329 g coul–1 M 0.0000408 g coul–1 N 0.000569 g coul–1 105. GKwU Zwor Øviv 50 coulumb we`y¨r cÖevwnZ Ki‡j ZworØv‡i 0.098 g avZz Rgv nq| avZzi Zwor ivmvqwbK Zzj¨v¼ KZ? K 0.000329 g coul–1 L 0.000118 g coul–1 M 0.00196 g coul–1 N 0.000408 g coul–1

| 106. GKwU ZworØv‡ii wfZi w`‡q 5C we`y¨r 5 †m‡KÛ cÖevwnZ nq| cÖevngvÎv KZ? K 5A L 10A M 1A N 0.5A 107. Zzu‡Zi `ªe‡Y 40 min a‡i 160 mA Zwor cÖevwnZ Ki‡j ZworØv‡i KqwU Kcvi cigvYy Rgv co‡e? K 6.0231023wU L 1.1981023wU M 1.1981021wU N 6.0231021wU 108. ‡KvbwU Zwor we‡kølY Kv‡j K¨v‡_v‡W Rgv nq? K H2 L N2 M Cl2 N O2 109. bxj e‡Y©i Kcvi mvj‡dU (CuSO4) Avqi‡bi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i †divm mvj‡dU Drcbœ K‡i| †divm mvj‡d‡Ui eY© Kxiƒc? K bxj L nvjKv bxj M nvjKv meyR N Kgjv 110. Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Kx ai‡bi wewµqv? K cÖwZ¯’vcb L mgvbyKiY M ms‡hvRb N we‡qvRb 111. B‡jKUªb Z¨vM abvZ¥K Avq‡b cwiYZ nIqvi cÖeYZv‡K Kx e‡j? K RviYL weRviY M ms‡hvRb N we‡qvRb 112. ‡h †gŠ‡ji B‡jKUªb Z¨v‡Mi cÖeYZv †ewk ZviK RviY wef‡ei gvb Kg L mwµqZv Kg M weRviY wef‡ei gvb Kg N Zwor cwienb ÿgZv Kg 113. RviY wef‡ei gvb †ewk n‡j †gŠjwUK `ªæZ mwµq Z¨vM K‡i L mn‡RB wewµqvq hvq M mwµq nq N mn‡R B‡jKUªb Z¨vM K‡i bv 114. ‡gŠjmg~n Zv‡`i mwµqZvi wb¤œ µgvbymv‡i mvwR‡q †h mvwi cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K mwµqZvi wmwiR L avZzµg M chv©q mviwY N avZe mviwY 115. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cvwb †_‡K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i? K Mg L Al M Fe N Na 116. ‡KvbwU Rjxq ev®ú n‡Z nvB‡Wªv‡Rb‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i? K ‡mvwWqvg L ‡Kvevë M ‡jW N Kcvi 117. ‡KvbwU Øviv GwmW n‡Z nvB‡Wªv‡Rb‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv Am¤¢e? K ‡Kvevë L wb‡Kj M ‡jW N Kcvi 118. ‡Kvb AvqbwU AwaK ¯’vqx? K Mg2+ L Na+ M Cu2+N Ag+ 119. ‡KvbwUi weRviY ag© Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk? K Zn L Fe M Cr N Sn 120. ‡KvbwU mn‡R weRvwiZ n‡q avZz‡Z cwiYZ n‡e? K Pb2+L Cu2+ M Ag+ N Hg2+ 121. ‡KvbwUi weRviY ag© Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk? K Ni L Cu M Au N Zn 122. ‡KvbwU Zv‡`i RvwiZ Ae¯’v‡K weRvwiZ K‡i? K Au L Pb M Ni N Mg 123. ‡KvbwU Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e kw³kvjx RviK? K F L Cl M P N N 124. ‡KvbwU Av‡M A¨v‡bv‡W PvR©hy³ nq? K Cl– L I – M NO3 N OH– 125. A, B., C I D †gŠj¸‡jvi cÖgvY weRviY wefe h_vµ‡g –2.87V, –1.66V, 0.22V Ges 1.08V| †KvbwU DËg weRviK? K B L C M D N A 126. P, Q, R, T †gŠj PviwUi cÖgvY weRviY wefe h_vµ‡g –0.44V, 0.00V, 0.34V Ges 1.36V †KvbwU DËg RviK? K P L Q M R N T 127. H2SO4 †hŠ‡M mvjdv‡ii RviY msL¨v †KvbwU? K 0 L +2 M +4 N +6

| 128. ‡KvbwU wfbœ cÖK…wZi? K H L I M Cu N Zn 129. ‡KvbwUi weRviY wef‡ii gvb Abb¨? K Zn L Cu M H N Al 130. avZz B‡jKUªb Z¨vM Kivi mgqK RvwiZ nq L weRvwiZ nq M wewkøó nq N ‡hŠ‡M cwiYZ nq 131. avZe Avq‡bi weRvwiZ nIqvi cÖeYZv †KvbwUi Dci wbf©i K‡i? K Avq‡bi Nb‡Z¡i Dci L avZzi mwµqZvi Dci M ZvcgvÎvi Dci N Pv‡ci Dci 132. ‡KvbwUi avZzi mwµqZv cÖgvY K‡i bv? K avZzi cvwb †_‡K H AcmviY L avZzi w÷g ‡_‡K H cÖwZ¯’vcb M avZzi GwmW ‡_‡K H cÖwZ¯’vcb N avZz †_‡K B‡jKUªb AcmviY 133. ‡KvbwU MÖæc IIA avZzi evB‡i Aew¯’Z? K Ca L Sr M Ba N At 134. ‡KvbwUi RviY msL¨v †e‡o‡Q? K Fe3+ + e– Fe2+ L Cl– Cl e 2 1 2 M H2 2 1 H e N Cl e Cl 2 1 2 135. Fe, Zn, Cu I Ag GKB `ªe‡Y _vK‡j †KvbwUi RviY NU‡e? K Fe L Zn M Cu N Ag 136. gwiPvi ms‡KZ Kx? K Fe2O3.nH2O L FeO.nH2O M Fe3O4.H2ON Fe3O4.nH2O 137. ¯^Y© `xN©Kvj gvwU‡Z jywK‡q ivL‡jI †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b nq bv †Kb? K Ae¯’vb mwµqZv wmwi‡Ri wb‡P L ¯^‡Y©i Dci AveiY c‡o M RviY wefe ‡ewk e‡j N MÖæc-IB G Aew¯’Z e‡j 138. Kcvi mvj‡dU (CaSO4) Gi eY© Kx? K bxj L meyR M nvjKv meyR N nvjKv bxj 139. avZzi mv‡_ Gwm‡Wi wewµqvq mgqK H + Avqb Øviv avZz weRvwiZ nq L H + Avqb avZz Øviv weRvwiZ nq M avZz Øviv HCl RvwiZ nq N avZz RviK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i 140. wR¼ avZz‡Z Kcvi Zvi `ªeY n‡Z cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv KviYK wR¼ avZzi weRviY wef‡ei gvb Kcvi n‡Z †ewk L wR¼ avZyi RvfiY wef‡ei gvb Kcvi n‡Z †ewk M Kcvi wR¼ A‡cÿv AwaK kw³kvjx RviK N wR¼ Kcvi A‡cÿv AwaK kw³kvjx RviK 141. wR‡¼i RviY gvb w¯’i †Kb? K D-eøK †gŠj e‡j L Ae¯’všÍi †gŠj e‡j M dvuKv d AiweUvj †bB e‡j N B‡jKUªb Øviv AiweUvj c~Y© e‡j 142. wR¼ Kcvi‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡jI †jvnv wR¼‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, KviYK wR‡¼i weRviY wef‡ei gvb me‡P‡q Kg L Kcv‡ii weRviY wef‡ei gvb me‡P‡q †ewk M †jvnvi weRviY wef‡ei gvb FYvZ¥K N wR‡¼i weRviY wef‡ei me‡P‡q ‡ewk FYvZ¥K gvb 143. Zwor ‡Kv‡l mvaviYZ KqwU ZworØvi _v‡K? K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 1wU 144. ‡KvbwU W¨vwb‡qj †Kv‡l RviY Aa©‡Kvl? K ZnSO4/Zn L Zn/ZnSO4 M Cu/CuSO4 N CuSO4/Cu 145. ‡h Aa©‡Kv‡l RviY N‡U Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K weRviY †KvlL weRviY Aa©‡Kvl M RviY †Kvl N RviY Aa©‡Kvl 146. ‡h Aa©‡Kv‡l weRviY N‡U Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K weRviY Aa©‡Kvl L weRviY †Kvl M RviY †Kvl N RviY Aa©‡Kvl 147. ‡KvbwU W¨vwb‡qj †Kv‡li weRviY Aa©‡Kvl? K Zn/ZnSO4 L Zn/Zn2+ M CuSO4/Cu N Cu/CuSO4 148. cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Zwor ivmvqwbK †Kv‡l †Kvb ai‡bi wewµqv msNwUZ nq?

| K ms‡hvRb L RviY M weRviY N RviY-weRviY 149. MVb‡f‡` Aa©‡Kvl‡K KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? K wZb fv‡M L `yB fv‡M M Pvi fv‡M N cvuP fv‡M 150. RviY Aa©wewµqv KZ cÖKvi? K cvuP cÖKvi L wZb cÖKvi M Pvi cÖKvi N `yB cÖKvi 151. wb‡Pi †KvbwU avZz-avZe Avqb Aa©‡Kvl? K Na–Hg(s)/Na+ (aq) L Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq) M Hg(Ɩ):Hg2SO4(s)/SO4 2– N Pt.Fe2+(aq)/Fe2+(aq) 152. ‡KvbwU‡K avZz-avZe Avqb Aa©‡Kvl ej‡j Pig fzj n‡e? K Ni(s)/Ni2+(aq) L Ag(s)/Ag+ (aq) M Ag(s)/AgSO4(aq) NFe2+(aq)/Fe3+(aq),Ft 153. Ag+ (aq) + e Ag(s) wewµqvwU w`‡q †Kvl MVb Ki‡j n‡eK Ag+ (aq)/Ag+ (s) L Ag(s)/Ag+ (s) M Ag(s)/AgSO4(aq) N Ag2SO4(aq)/Ag(s) 154. avZzi A¨vgvjMvg avZe Avqb Aa©‡Kv‡l mwµq avZzi wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨envi Kiv nq? K Hg L Ag M Pt N V 155. avZzi A¨vgvjMvg avZe Avqb Aa©‡Kvl wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K Na–Hg(s)/Na+ (aq) LAg–Hg(s)/Ag(+)(aq) M Ag(s)/Ag+ (aq) N Au–Hg(s)/Au+ 156. ‡KvbwU K¨v‡jv‡gj B‡jK‡UªvW? K Ag(s)AgCl(s)/Cl– (aq) L Hg(Ɩ)Hg2SO4(s)/ SO4 (aq) M Pt, H2(g) (1atm)/H+ (aq)(1M) N Cl– (1M)/Hg2Cl2, Hg 157. ‡KvbwUi avZz I avZzi A`ªeYxq jeY Aa©‡Kvl nIqv Am¤¢e? K Hg(Ɩ), Hg2Cl2(s)/Cl– (aq) L Ag(s), AgCl(s)/Cl– (aq) M Hg(Ɩ), Hg2SO4(s)/ 2 SO4 (aq) N Na–Hg(s)/Na+ (aq) 158. ‡KvbwU wfbœ cÖK…wZi? K Pt, Fe2+(aq)/Fe3+(aq) L Pt, Sn2+(aq)/Sn4+ M Pt, Cu+ (aq)/Cu2+(aq) N Pt, H2(g)/H+ (aq) 159. ‡KvbwU M¨vm Aa©‡Kvl? K AgCl(s)/Cl– (aq) L Pt, H2(g)/H+ (aq) M Pt, Cu+ (aq)/Cu2+(aq) N Pt, H2(g)/H+ (aq) 160. M¨vm B‡jK‡Uªv‡W †Kvb avZz hyMj e¨envi Kiv nq? K Hg, Au L Hg, Pt M Pt, Au N Pt, V 161. M¨vm B‡jK‡Uªv‡W KZ Pvc wbqš¿Y Kiv nq? K 1atm L 5 atm M 2 atm N 10 atm 162. weRviK B‡jKUªb Z¨vM Ki‡j RviY msL¨v---| K ev‡o L K‡g M AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K N †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq ev‡o 163. M¨vjfvwbK †Kv‡l ivmvqwbK kw³‡K †Kvb kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq? K Av‡jvK kw³‡Z L Zwor kw³‡Z M Zvc kw³‡Z N †mŠikw³‡Z 164. ‡KvbwU fzj? K Ecell = Eanode(ox) + Ecathode (red) L Ecell = Eanode(ox) – Ecathode (ox) M Ecell = Ecathode (red) – Eanode(red) N Ecell = Eanode(ox) + Ecathode (ox) 165. Rvwb‡qj †Kv‡li Zwo”PvjK ej KZ? K 1.10V L 2.10V M 3.10V N 2.20V 166. jeY †mZz cÖKvkK wPý †KvbwU? K / L || M ( )N [ ] 167. W¨vwb‡qj Aa©‡Kvl †KvbwU? K Fe(s)/Fe2+(aq) L Ag(s)/AgCl(s)/Ag+ (aq) M Cu2+(aq)/Cu(s) N Sn4+(aq)/Sn2+(aq) 168. jeY †mZz‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv? K NH4NO3 L KNO3 M KCl N CH3COONa 169. ‡Kvl wewµqv †Kv‡li †Kv_vq N‡U? K `y cÖv‡šÍ L Zwor we‡køl¨ M e¨vUvwi‡Z N A¨v‡bv‡W

| 170. GKB avZzi `ywU wfbœ Avq‡bi Aa©‡Kv‡l wbw®Œq avZz e¨eüZ nqK wewµqvi MwZ‡K n«vm L cwi‡kvlK Zj e„wׇZ M M¨vm Drcbœ Ki‡Z N Avavb cwievnK wn‡m‡e 171. ‡KvbwU wg_¨v M¨vm B‡jK‡Uªv‡WK ZvcgvÎv 0C G w¯’i ivLv nq L Avq‡bi NbgvÎv 1M ivLv nq M Pvc 1atm w¯’i ivLv nq N Pt B‡jK‡UªvW e¨envi Kiv nq 172. cÖgvY Ae¯’vq ZworØv‡ii wefe‡K Kx e‡j? K cÖgvY ZworØvi wefe L RviY ZworØvi wefe M weRviY ZworØvi wefe N K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi wefe 173. wewfbœ ZworØvi wef‡ei gvb wbY©‡q e¨eüZ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØvi‡K Kx e‡j? K gyL¨ ZworØviL wb‡`©kK ZworØvi M †MŠY ZworØvi N K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØvi 174. ZworØvi wefe Kvi Dci Awbf©ikxj? K avZe cÖK…wZ L Avq‡bi NbgvÎv M `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv N cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v 175. avZe cigvYyi mwµqZv †ewk n‡j †KvbwU Kg nq? K Am‡gvwUK Pvc L `ªeY Pvc M Zwor cÖevn N B‡jKUª‡bi cÖevn 176. ‡KvbwU wg_¨v? K avZzi ZworØvi wefe = avZzi `ªeY Pvc – `ªe‡Yi Am‡gvwUK Pvc L avZzi `ªeY Pvc = avZzi ZworØvi wefe – `ªe‡Yi Am‡gvwUK Pvc M avZzi `ªeY Pvc = avZzi ZworØvi wefe + `ªe‡Yi Am‡gvwUK Pvc N `ªe‡Yi Am‡gvwUK Pvc = avZzi `ªeY Pvc – avZzi ZworØvi wefe 177. wR¼ avZzi weRviY ZworØvi wef‡ei gvb KZ? K 0.76V L – 0.76V M – 0.44V N –0.44V 178. M¨vm B‡jK‡Uªv‡W wbw®Œq avZz e¨envi Kiv nq KviYK GwU M¨vm †kvlY K‡i L wewµqv NUv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i M M¨v‡mi cwigvY e„w× K‡i N B‡j‡±vW wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i 179. wef‡ei abvZ¥K gvb evo‡Z _vK‡jK B‡jKUªb PjvPj n«vm cvq L avZzi `ªexf~Z nIqvi cÖeYZv ev‡o M RviY gvb n«vm cvq N weRviY cÖeYZv e„w× cvq 180. avZe Avq‡bi weRviY NU‡j Zvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Z_¨wU mwVK? K avZzi `ªeY Pvc Kg L avZe Avq‡bi Am‡gvwUK Pvc †ewk M avZzi Avq‡bi Am‡gvwUK Pvc Kg N avZzwU mwµqZv wmwi‡Ri wb‡Pi w`‡K Aew¯’Z 181. cÖgvY nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ZworØv‡ii wefe KZ? K –2.10V L 3.30V M 1.10V N 0.00V 182. cÖwZwU †Kv‡l Kq ai‡bi ZworØvi wefe Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i? K wZb L Pvi M `yB N cvuP 183. B¯úv‡Z †Kvb Dcv`vbwU _v‡K? K wb‡Kj L Kcvi M wR¼ N gwje‡Wbvg 184. avZzÿ‡qi Av‡M †KvbwU msNwUZ nq? K ‡fvëv †Kvl L Zwor we‡kølY †Kvl M W¨vwb‡qj †Kvl N Pj‡Kvl 185. K¨v‡jv‡gj ZworØv‡ii wefe KZ? K 0.00V L –2.10V M –1.10V N 0.24V 186. avZzi ÿq †iv‡a ‡Kvb cÖwµqv e¨envi Kvh©Ki f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i bv? K A¨v‡bv‡Wi RviY wef‡ei gvb Kwg‡q L K¨v‡_vW I A¨v‡bv‡Wi wef mgvb K‡i M avZzi cwie‡Z© m¼i avZz e¨envi K‡i N avZzwU‡K A¨v‡bvW wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i 187. ‡KvbwUi cÖgvY ZworØvi wefe abvZ¥K? K I2 L Br2 M O2 N Nb 188. ‡KvbwUi cÖgvY weRviY wef‡ei FYvZ¥K gvb †ewk? K K L Zn M Na N Ca 189. ‡KvbwUi cÖgvY RviY wef‡ei abvZ¥K gvb †ewk? K Cl2 L I2 M Br2 N Ag 190. ‡KvbwUi cÖgvY weRviY wef‡ei gvb - e¨wZµgagx©? K Fe L Zn M Cu N Pb