economics_1st 2021

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 1 ‘ gGWj 1 cÉ^g AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. ‘gvbyl ˆhme cYÅ`ËeÅ Pvq Zvi ˆhvMvb cÉK‡wZGZ mxgve«¬ ev `yÓ·ÉvcÅ’@ DwÚwU Kvi? K WvwgwbK mÅvjGfUi L AaÅvcK wc. ‰. mÅvgyGqjmb M AaÅvcK gvkÆvj N AaÅvcK wdkvi 2. Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLvi evBGi ˆKvb we±`y wK wbG`Æk KGi? K ˆeKviZ½ L cƒYÆ wbGqvM M A-ARÆbGhvMÅ N ռ͸ Drcv`b 3. ˆKvb A^ÆeÅeÕ©vGK k†›Ljnxb gGb nGjI k†›Ljnxb bq? K mgvRZvw¯¨K L Bmjvwg M abZvw¯¨K N wgkÉ DóxcKwU cGov ‰es 4 I 5 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Acy weG`k ögY KiGZ ‘X’ ˆ`kwUGZ wMGq ˆ`LGjb ˆmLvGb miKvwi cwienb eÅeÕ©vq RbMY PjvPj KiGQ, wK¯§ wZwb wbGRi cQ±` Abyhvqx eÅwÚMZfvGe UÅvwÝ fvov KGi wewf®² RvqMvq ˆNvivNywi KiGjb| 4. X ˆ`kwUGZ ˆKvb aiGbi A^ÆeÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb? K MYZvw¯¨K A^ÆeÅeÕ©v L wgkÉ A^ÆeÅeÕ©v M wbG`ÆkgƒjK A^ÆeÅeÕ©v N Bmjvwg A^ÆeÅeÕ©v 5. DwÍÏwLZ A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi AbÅZg ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjvK ˆgŒwjK I e†nr wk͸ cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒn miKvwi gvwjKvbvq bÅÕ¦ ^vGK L Drcv`Gbi mKj chÆvGq ˆKej eÅwÚMZ DG`ÅvGMi myweav iGqGQ M eÅwÚMZ DG`ÅvGM wk͸ Õ©vcb I eÅemv evwYGRÅ myGhvM ˆbB N ˆKvGbv Õ¦GiB eÅwÚMZ gybvdv ARÆGbi myGhvM ˆbB 6. Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLvi DcwiÕ© we±`y Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K ˆeKviZ½ L cƒYÆwbGqvM M A-ARÆbGhvMÅ N ռ͸ Drcv`b 7. AaÅvcK iweG´Öi msæv weGkÏlY KiGj gvbeRxeGbi wbGÁ²vÚ ŠewkÓ¡Å cvIqv hvq@ i. Amxg Afve ii. `yÓ·ÉvcÅ mÁ·` iii. mxwgZ mÁ·G`i cwicƒiK eÅenvi wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 8. mKj cÉKvi A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅvi gƒGj iGqGQ@ i. `yÓ·ÉvcÅZv ii. wbeÆvPb iii. DcGhvM wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 9. Oikonomia kõwUi A^Æ Kx? K Awdm eÅeÕ©vcbv L AG^Æi eÅeÕ©vcbv M M†nÕ©vjxi eÅeÕ©vcbv N kÉGgi eÅeÕ©vcbv 10. A^ÆbxwZi RbK ˆK? K wiKvGWÆv L ‰ÅvWvg wÕÃ^ M Õ¡zqvUÆ wgj N gÅvj^Åvm 11. Õ¼qswKÌq `vgeÅeÕ©vi wfwî Kx? K mÁ·G`i myÓ¤z eÅenvi L ˆkÉwY msNvZ M Aeva cÉwZGhvwMZv N DG`ÅvGMi Õ¼vaxbZv 12. abZG¯¨ A`†kÅ nvZ ejGZ ˆKvb cÉwKÌqvGK ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? K Õ¼qswKÌq gƒjÅ eÅeÕ©vGK L Pvwn`vGK M ˆhvMvbGK N evRvi fvimvgÅGK 13. abZvw¯¨K A^ÆeÅeÕ©vq Drcv`Gbi gƒj jÞÅ wK? K mylg D®²qb L mvgvwRK D®²qb M gybvdv mGeÆvœPKiYN Pvwn`vi Dci wbq¯¨Y 14. weGk¼ meÆcÉ^g ivwkqvq RviZG¯¨i cZGbi gvaÅGg mgvRZG¯¨i mƒPbv nq KZ mvGj? K 1916 L 1917 M 1918 N 1920 15. ˆKvb avivi A^ÆbxwZwe`iv A^ÆbxwZGK mÁ·G`i weævb eGj gGb KiGZb? K mÅvgyGqjm L KÑÅvwmKÅvj M ˆcÉv-KÑÅvwmKÅvj N AvaywbK 16. gvkÆvj ‰i gGZ A^ÆbxwZi gƒj DGókÅ Kx? K mÁ·` AvniY L mÁ·G`i cÉvPzhÆZv M kÉwgGKi AvwaKÅ N gvbe KjÅvY 17. A^ÆbxwZi gƒj cÉwZcv`Å welq nGjv@ i. Amxg Afve ii. mxwgZ mÁ·` iii. mxwgZ myGhvM wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, iiI iii 18. A^ÆbxwZGZ wbeÆvPb nGjv @ i. AfvGei ài‚Z½ ii. mÁ·G`i weK͸ eÅenvi iii. mxwgZ mÁ·` wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, iiI iii wbGPi DóxcKwU cGov ‰es 19 I 20 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: AaÅvcK W. Zvmwjg ‰KRb A^ÆbxwZwe`| wZwb eGjb ÷ay Drcv`b cwicƒYÆ nGjB `wi`ËZv `ƒi nGq hvq bv| hw` bv Zv bÅvqwePvi wfwîK e¥Ÿb bv nq| ˆKbbv gvbyl ˆKvb wKQzi gvwjK bq, ˆm ÷ay AvgvbZ`vi| ZvB mKj ˆkÉwYi gvbyGli KvGQ Drcvw`Z cYÅ myÓ¤zfvGe ˆcuŒGQ w`GZ nGe| Zv bv nGj mgvGR `wi`ËZv ˆ^GKB hvGe| 19. AaÅvcK W. Zvmwjg ˆKvb A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi BwãZ KGiGQb? K abZvw¯¨K L mgvRZvw¯¨K M Bmjvwg N wgkÉ 20. W. Zvmwjg ‰i gGZ, `vwi`ËÅ `ƒi Kivi RbÅ hv KiGZ nGe@ i. AwaKvi I `vwqGZ½i ŠelgÅ we`Ågvb ii. hvKvZ I wdZiv eÅeÕ©v iii. my`gyÚ A^ÆbxwZ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 21. eÅwÓ¡K kGõi A^Æ Kx? K Þz`Ë L e†nr M gvSvwi N mvgwMÉK 22. mvgwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZi gƒj PjK wbGPi ˆKvbwU? K `vg Õ¦i L gRywi Õ¦i M RvZxq Avq N ˆfvM 23. wgkÉ A^ÆeÅeÕ©vq we`Ågvb iGqGQ wbGPi ˆKvb ˆ`kwUGZ? K RvgÆvwbGZ L evsjvG`k M Dîi ˆKvwiqv N wKDev 24. wgkÉ A^ÆeÅeÕ©vq ˆ`Gki A^Æ‹bwZGK KqwU LvGZ fvM Kiv nq? K 2 wU L 3 wU M 4 wU N 5 wU wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es 25 I 26 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 25. ‰KRb eÅwÚi mgÕ¦ mÁ·` Mg Drcv`Gb eÅq KiGj avb Drcv`Gbi cwigvY KZ nGe? K 0 L 90 M 100 N 120 26. DÚ wPGòi mvnvGhÅ wbG`Æk Kiv hvq i. ˆfvÚvi mveÆGfŒgZ½ ii. mÁ¿veÅ mGeÆvœP Drcv`b iii. mÁ·G`i KvgÅ eÅenvi wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N ii I iii 27. myGhvM eÅq KZ cÉKvi? K `yB L wZb M Pvi N cuvP 28. ‘Kx, KxfvGe ‰es Kvi RbÅ Drcv`b Kiv nGe’ ‰B wZbwU cÉGk²i AvGjvGK ˆKvb A^ÆbxwZwe` A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅvGK weGkÏlY KGiGQb? K wc. ‰. mÅvgyGqjmb L iÅvMbvi wdÌk M iwebm N AvjGdÌW gvkÆvj 29. ˆKvbwU A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅv mgvavGbi KgÆ chÆvGqi A¯¦MÆZ? K Pvwn`v L ˆhvMvb M Drcv`b N wewbGqvM 30. divwm weµÏGei gaÅ w`Gq BDGivGc ˆh A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi mƒòcvZ nq Zvi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv i. Aeva cÉwZGhvwMZv we`Ågvb ii. miKvi wbaÆvwiZ `ËeÅvw` ˆfvM iii. e†n`vqZb wkG͸i weKvk wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N ii I iii Dîi1 L 2 M 3 M 4 L 5 K 6 L 7 K 8 K 9 M 10 L 11 M 12 K 13 M 14 L 15 L 16 N 17 K 18 N 19 M 20 M 21 K 22 M 23 L 24 K 25 K 26 L 27 L 28 K 29 M 30 M gGWj ˆUÕ¡: wbGRGK hvPvB Kwi Y X

2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. Kwig mvGne ‰KRb K‡lK, Zvi 50 kZvsk Rwg AvGQ| ‰B RwgGZ wZwb mGeÆvœP 25 gY avb A^ev 20 gY cvU Drcv`b KiGZ cvGib| hw`I Kwig mvGnGei Õ¨x ÷ay avb A^ev ÷ay cvU Drcv`b KiGZ eGjb, wK¯§ wZwb 15 gY avb I 10 gY cvU Drcv`b KGib| K. KvG`i gZv`GkÆ wbG`ÆkgƒjK A^ÆeÅeÕ©v MGo IGV? 1 L. Bmjvwg A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn Kx Kx? 2 M. Kwig mvGnGei Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. Kwig mvGne hw` 20 gY avb I 10 gY cvU Drcv`b KiGZ Pvb, Zv mÁ¿e wKbv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 2. iwdK K‡wl KvR KGib| Zvi 3 weNv Rwg AvGQ| mÁ·ƒYÆ RwgGZ Zzjv Pvl KGi 70 gY Zzjv Drcv`b KiGjb| cieZÆxGZ cvU PvGli wm«¬v¯¦ wbGjb| dGj 30 gY cvU Drcvw`Z nGjv I Zzjv Drcv`b KGg 50 gY nGjv| cvGUi `vg e†w«¬ cvIqvGZ, cvU Drcv`b e†w«¬ KGi 50 gY KiGjb, ‰GZ Zzjvi Drcv`b AviI KGg 30 gY nGjv| cieZÆxGZ cvGUi `vg AviI e†w«¬ cvIqvq RwgGZ ˆKej 70 gY cvU Drcvw`Z nGjv K. eÅwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZi msæv `vI| 1 L. miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi LvGZi DcwÕ©wZ ‰KGò ^vKGj ˆm ˆ`Gki A^ÆeÅeÕ©v ˆKgb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGK Drcvw`Z `ËGeÅi mswgkÉY nGZ Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv AuvK|3 N. ‘`vgeÅeÕ©v Drcv`b wm«¬v¯¦GK cÉfvweZ KGi’ DóxcGKi AvGjvGK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 3. QGK X I Y `ËGeÅi Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv mƒwP ˆ`qv nGjv: mswgkÉY X-`ËeÅ Y-`ËeÅ A 120 00 B 100 50 C 50 100 D 00 120 K. `yÓ·ÉvcÅZv Kx? 1 L. myGhvM eÅq aviYvwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‰KwU Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. cÉvµ¦ Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLvi wfZGi I evwnGi `ywU we±`y bvI ‰es eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 4. Rbve Rwmg ‰KRb K‡lK| Zvi RwgGZ avb I cvU `yGUvB fvGjv nq| Zvi cyGiv RwgGZ avb Pvl KiGj 100 gY avb ‰es cvU Pvl KiGj 60 gY cvU nq| K. Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv Kx? 1 L. Bmjvwg A^ÆeÅeÕ©vq KxfvGe `vg wbaÆvwiZ nq? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‰KwU Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DÚ ˆiLvi mvnvGhÅ myGhvM eÅq aviYvwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 5. wbGPi ‰KwU ˆ`Gki e±`yK I Kvco Drcv`Gbi wewf®² mswgkÉY cÉ`î nGjv: e±`yK (msLÅv) Kvco (MR) mswgkËY 200 0 a 175 25 b 150 75 c 100 125 d 50 175 e 0 200 f K. `yÓ·ÉvcÅZv ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1 L. gƒjZ `yÓ·ÉvcÅZv nGZB wbeÆvPb mgmÅv m†wÓ¡- eÅvLÅv `vI| 2 M. DóxcGK cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvGjvGK ‰KwU Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. ‰B aiGbi Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv «¼viv ‰KB mvG^ 140wU e±`yK I 200 MR Kvco Drcv`b mÁ¿e bq- eÅvLÅv `vI| 4 6. Rbve iwdK ‘K’ ˆ`Gk `xNÆw`b aGi emevm KGi AvmGQb| mÁ·ÉwZ wZwb ˆ`Gk ˆeovGZ ‰Gm Zvi e®¬yG`i eGjb ˆh, wZwb ˆh ˆ`Gk evm KGib ˆm ˆ`Gki gv^vwcQy Avq AGbK ˆewk| ˆm ˆ`Gki mgÕ¦ Drcv`b KvhÆ ˆemiKvwi LvGZ cwiPvwjZ nq| ˆh ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ Õ¼vaxbfvGe eÅemvwqK DG`ÅvM MÉnY KGi ‰es ‰i RbÅ miKvwi AbygwZi cÉGqvRb nq bv| H ˆ`Gki RbMY ZvG`i cQ±` Abyhvqx `ËeÅ ˆfvM KiGZ cvGi| K. Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv KvGK eGj? 1 L. wgkÉ A^ÆeÅeÕ©v ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. Rbve iwdK ˆh ˆ`Gk emevm KGib ˆm ˆ`Gki A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi Õ¼i…c eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Rbve iwdGKi emevmKvwi ˆ`Gki mvG^ evsjvG`Gki A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi wK ˆKvGbv cv^ÆKÅ AvGQ- ˆZvgvi DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4 7. M IN cvkvcvwk `ywU ˆ`k| M ˆ`Gki RbMGYi wbRÕ¼ ˆKvGbv mÁ·` bv ^vKGjI iGqGQ ˆK±`Êxq cwiK͸bvi gvaÅGg D®²qb wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY, gy`ËvÕ¹xwZi AbycwÕ©wZ, ˆkvlYnxb mgvReÅeÕ©v| N ˆ`Gki RbMY cÉGZÅGK eÅwÚMZ mÁ·G`i gvwjK, Drcv`b wm«¬v¯¦I Õ¼vaxbfvGe MÉnY KiGZ cvGi| ‰LvGb gybvdvi Avkvq Drcv`b KGgÆ mevB wjµ¦ ^vGK| K. `yÓcÉvcÅZv ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 1 L. eÅwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZ ÷ay Lí wPò cÉKvk KGi@ eywSGq `vI| 2 M. M A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi e¥Ÿb c«¬wZ Kxi…c? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK DwjÐwLZ ˆ`k `ywU nGZ evsjvG`k Kx wkÞv MÉnY KiGZ cvGi? gZvgZ cÉ`vb KGiv| 4 8. wg. wegj evsjvG`Gki wk͸cwZ| Zvi ˆ`Gk Rbài‚Z½cƒYÆ cÉwZÓ¤vbàGjv ivÓ¡ÇxqfvGe cwiPvwjZ nq| wK¯§ ˆm Zvi cÉGqvRGb ‘Y’ ˆ`Gk wMGq ˆ`LGjv ˆmLvGb ˆemiKvwi gvwjKvbvq ˆKvGbv wk͸ KviLvbv ˆbB| me wKQyB ivÓ¡ÇxqfvGe cwiPvwjZ nq eGj ab‹elgÅ ˆbB ejGjB PGj| K. AaÅvcK wc. ‰ mÅvgyGqjmGbi gGZ ˆgŒwjK A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅv KqwU? 1 L. gyÚevRvi A^ÆbxwZ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. ‘Y’ ˆ`Gk ˆKvb aiGbi A^ÆeÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. wg. wegGji ˆ`Gk A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅv mgvavGb Drcv`b I e¥Ÿb eÅeÕ©vi f„wgKv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 9. ingvb mvGnGei 10 weNv K‡wlRwg AvGQ| ˆmLvGb wZwb wewf®² dmj Pvl KGib| PvGli RbÅ wZwb miKvGii KvQ ˆ^GK exR, mvi, KxUbvkK I ˆmP cvGÁ·i R¾vjvwb mvkÉqx gƒGjÅ KÌq KGib| ‰GZ Drcvw`Z dmj weKÌq KGi jvfevb nb| wK¯§ ˆUwjwfkGb ˆ`GLGQb@ ‰Kmgq X bvGg ‰gb ‰KwU ˆ`k wQj ˆh ˆ`Gk eÅwÚMZ jvfÞwZi ˆKvGbv welqB wQj bv| ivÓ¡È Zvi mKj RbMGYi `vwqZ½ cvjb KiGZv| K. `yÓcÉvcÅZv Kx? 1 L. ‘Kx Drcv`b Kiv nGe’@ ‰wU Kx aiGbi A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅv? 2 M. DóxcGK ingvb mvGnGei ˆ`Gk ˆKvb A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi BwãZ Kiv nGqGQ@ ŠewkÓ¡Å DGjÐLcƒeÆK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK wbG`ÆwkZ `y’wU A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi gGaÅ ˆKvbwUi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki A^ÆbxwZi wgj LuyGR cvIqv hvq? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 10. ‰Kv`k ˆkÉwYi Qvòx ˆiwUbv CG`i QywU ˆkGl XvKv ˆ^GK ˆdbx hvIqvi RbÅ weAviwUwm evm KvD´ŸvGi ˆMGjb| wK¯§ wUGKU ˆcGjb bv| AwZwiÚ hvòx weavq wUGKU cvIqv Zvi RbÅ `ytmvaÅ gGb KGi wZwb AwZwiÚ fvov w`Gq ˆemiKvwi ‰KwU cwienb msÕ©vi evGm PGo ˆdbx ‰Gjb| h^vmgGq ˆdbx ˆcuŒQGZ ˆcGi ˆemiKvwi ‰B cwienb msÕ©vGK abÅev` Rvbvb ‰es evsjvG`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK eÅeÕ©v evÕ¦eZvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ h^v^Æ eGj gGb KGib| K. A^Æ‹bwZK eÅeÕ©v Kx? 1 L. Õ¼qswKÌq `vg cÉwKÌqvwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi ˆ`kwUGZ Kx aiGbi A^ÆeÅeÕ©v weivR KiGQ? eYÆbv KGiv| 3 N. ˆ`kwUGZ ˆh A^ÆeÅeÕ©v weivR KiGQ Zvi Kx Kx mydj ˆ`kwU cvGœQ Zv AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 11. kIKZ mvGne ‰KRb miKvwi KgÆKZÆv| Zvi `yB m¯¦vb cov÷bv KGi| eo m¯¦vbwU cvewjK wek¼we`ÅvjGq cov÷bvi myGhvM ˆcGjI ˆQvU m¯¦vbwU cvewjK wek¼we`ÅvjGqi myGhvM bv ˆcGq ˆemiKvwi cÉwZÓ¤vGb cov÷bv KiGQ| ‰GZ KGi kIKZ mvGne wngwkg LvGœQb| K. A^Æ‹bwZK eÅeÕ©v Kx? 1 L. eÅwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZ I mvgwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZi ˆKvGbv cv^ÆKÅ AvGQ wK? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK kIKZ mvGnGei ˆ`Gk ˆh aiGbi A^ÆeÅeÕ©v cÉPwjZ iGqGQ Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. kIKZ mvGnGei ˆ`Gki A^ÆeÅeÕ©vq `vgeÅeÕ©v KxfvGe KvhÆKi ^vGK? gZvgZ `vI| 4

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 3 gGWj 2 w«¼Zxq AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. jÁ¼ AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj ˆiLvi Xvj ˆKgb nGe? K abvñK L FYvñK M Amxg N kƒbÅ 2. ˆKvb ˆiLvi Xvj ˆewk? K Wvbw`GK Ea»ÆMvgx L jÁ¼ AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj M Wvbw`GK wbÁ²Mvgx N f„wg AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj 3. A^ÆbxwZGZ Pvwn`vi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv wbÁ²i…c@ i. ˆKvGbv `ËeÅ cvIqvi AvKv›Þv ii. KÌq ÞgZv iii. A^Æ eÅGqi AwbœQv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i, ii I iii wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 4 I 5 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Rbve iwgR ‰KRb eÅemvqx| wZwb A͸w`GbB AGbK UvKvi gvwjK nGqGQb| ‰Lb wZwb ‰KwU Mvwo ˆKbvi Õ¼µ² ˆ`LGQb| 4. Rbve iwgGRi Mvwo ˆKbvi Õ¼µ² Pvwn`vi ˆKvb kZÆwU cƒiY KGi? K mvgémÅ L mvg^ÆÅ M cwiGek N Afve 5. Rbve iwgGRi Mvwo ˆKbvi BœQvGK Pvwn`v ejv nGZv bv hw`@ i. chÆvµ¦ UvKv bv ^vKZ ii. UvKv eÅq Kivi BœQv bv ^vKZ iii. hw` ˆewk UvKv ^vKZ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 6. A^ÆbxwZGZ Pvwn`vi wfwî Kx? K ˆfvM L DcGhvM M Z‡wµ¦ N Drcv`b 7. mvgvwRK weævGb DcGhvM ZGî½i cÉ^g aviYv AeZiY KGib ˆKvb `vkÆwbK? K gvkÆvj L ˆebnvg M ˆRf´Ö N DBwjqvg ˆÕ¡bwj wbGPi QKwU jÞ KGiv ‰es 8 I 9 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: cÉwZ ‰KK `ËGeÅi `vg (UvKv) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (‰KK) 8 4 6 8 4 12 8. Pvwn`vi mƒwP Abyhvqx `vg I Pvwn`vi gGaÅ Kx aiGbi mÁ·KÆ we`Ågvb? K mggyLx L mgv¯¦ivj M wecixZgyLx N ‰KgyLx 9. mƒwPGZ `vGgi mvG^ Pvwn`vi mÁ·KÆ nGjv i. `vg I Pvwn`vi mÁ·KÆ wecixZgyLx ii. `ËGeÅi `vg evoGj Pvwn`v evGo iii. `ËGeÅi `vg KgGj Pvwn`v evGo wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 10. gƒjÅevb Mvwo, `vwg ˆcvkvK I nxiKGK AvnvoÁ¼icƒYÆ ˆfvM eGjGQb ˆKvb A^ÆbxwZwe`? K gvkÆvj L ˆeb^vg M ˆfeGjb N wMGdb 11. Pvwn`v ˆiLv Wvbw`GK wbÁ²Mvgx nIqvi KviY i. cÉK‡Z Avq cÉfve ii. cwieZÆK cÉfve iii. Xvj FYvñK wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 12. ˆhme Dcv`vb Pvwn`vGK cÉfvweZ KGi ZvGK Kx eGj? K Pvwn`vi wbaÆviK L Pvwn`vi cÉfveK M Pvwn`vi cwigvY N Pvwn`vi cwieZÆb 13. `ywU `ËGeÅi gGaÅ ‰KwUi cwieGZÆ AbÅwU eÅenvi Kiv nGj ZvGK Kx `ËeÅ eGj? K mÁ·ƒiK `ËeÅ L cwicƒiK `ËeÅ M cwieZÆK `ËeÅ N Õ¼vfvweK `ËeÅ 14. `ywU `ËGeÅi gGaÅ ‰KwUi ˆfvM evovGZ nGj hw` AbÅwUiI ˆfvM evGo ZGe ZvGK Kx `ËeÅ eGj? K cwieZÆK `ËeÅ L weK͸ `ËeÅ M cwicƒiK `ËeÅ N mÁ·ƒiK `ËeÅ 15. AGcÞK ejGZ ˆevSvq@ i. exRMvwYwZK aviYv ii. ciÕ·i wbfÆikxj PjGKi mÁ·KÆ iii. `vg AwewœQ®² welq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK ? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 16. `yB ev ZGZvwaK PjGKi gGaÅ we`Ågvb mÁ·KÆ cÉKvGki MvwYwZK c«¬wZGK Kx eGj? K PjK L AGcÞK M aË‚eK N Xvj 17. Y PjK X-‰i Ici wbfÆikxj nGj AGcÞKwU Kx nGe? K X = f (Y) L Y = (X) M f = Y (X) N f = X (Y) 18. ‰KwU AGcÞGKi gGaÅ ˆ`LvGbv nq i. wbfÆikxj PjGKi mvG^ mÁ·KÆ ii. Õ¼vaxb PjGKi mvG^ mÁ·KÆ iii. AGcÞGKi gvb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 19. Pvwn`v wewai exRMvwYwZK i…cGK Kx eGj? K Pvwn`v ˆiLv L Pvwn`v mƒwP M Pvwn`v AGcÞK N Pvwn`vi mgxKiY 20. PjK ejGZ ˆevSvq@ [Abyaveb] i. hv cwiewZÆZ gvb MÉnY KGi ii. hv wbw`ÆÓ¡ gvb MÉnY KGi iii. hv Õ©vbGfG` wf®² nq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK ? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 21. Pvwn`vi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi gvaÅGg weGkÏlY Kiv hvq i. ÷Í• wbaÆviGY ii. Ki avGhÆ iii. K‡wl `ËGeÅi `vg IVvbvgvi weGkÏlY wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 22. `ËGeÅi `vGgi mvgvbÅ cwieZÆb nGj Pvwn`vi hw` eÅvcK cwieZÆb NGU ZLb ZvGK ˆKvb wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv eGj? K Avq wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv L `vg wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv M wÕ©wZÕ©vcK Pvwn`v N AwÕ©wZÕ©vcK Pvwn`v 23. KÅvjKzGjUGii `vg 500 UvKv ˆ^GK KGg 450 UvKv nGjv| dGj ‰i Pvwn`v e†w«¬ ˆcGq 100 ˆ^GK 125 nGjv| ZvnGj KÅvjKzGjUGii wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv Kx? K Pvwn`v wÕ©wZÕ©vcK L Pvwn`v AwÕ©wZÕ©vcK M Pvwn`v ‰KK wÕ©wZÕ©vcK N ˆKvbwUB bq 24. mvaviYfvGe ˆhvMvb Kx? K evRvGi ˆKvGbv `ËGeÅi weKÌqGhvMÅ cwigvY L evRvGi `ËGeÅi Pvwn`v M evRvGi ˆKvGbv `ËGeÅi gƒGjÅi Ea»ÆMwZ N Š`bw±`b evRvi `i 25. A^ÆbxwZGZ ˆKvb wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ `vGg weGKÌZv ˆKvGbv `ËGeÅi ˆh cwigvY weKÌq KiGZ cÉÕ¦yZ ^vGK ZvGK Kx eGj? K Pvwn`v L ˆfvM M Kq weKÌq N ˆhvMvb 26. ˆhvMvGbi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv KZ cÉKvi? K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 27. `vGgi cwieZÆGbi dGj ˆKvGbv `ËGeÅi ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY ˆh nvGi mvov ˆ`q ZvGK Kx eGj? K `vg wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv L Avq wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv M ˆhvMvGbi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv N eÅq wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv 28. `vGgi cwieZÆb I ˆhvMvGbi cwieZÆGbi kZKiv nvi mgvb nGj Kx NGU? [ævb] K kƒbÅ wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv L ‰KK wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv M ‰KK AGcÞv AwaK wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv N ‰KK AGcÞv Kg wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGov ‰es 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: gvgyb ejGcb KÌGqi RbÅ ˆ`vKvGb ˆMj| weGKÌZv cÉwZwU ejGcb 10 UvKv `Gi wewKÌ KiGZ Pvq| wK¯§ gvgyb ‰B `vGg KÌq KiGZ ivwR nq bv| weGKÌZv `vg KwgGq 8 UvKv KiGjI gvgyb ‰GZ ivwR nq bv| ‰KchÆvGq gvgyb I weGKÌZv 6 UvKv `Gi KÌq-weKÌGq ivwR nq| 29. AbyGœQG` fvimvgÅ `vg KZ UvKv? K 4 UvKv L 6 UvKv M 8 UvKv N 10 UvKv 30. gvgyb ejGcGbi ˆh `vg w`GZ ivwR nGqGQ Zv@ i. DfGqi `iKlvKwl gvaÅGg wbaÆvwiZ ii. Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvGbi cviÓ·wiK cÉfve iii. gvgyGbi Kg `vGg `ËeÅ KÌGqi BœQv ^vKvq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK ? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Dîi1 M 2 L 3 M 4 L 5 K 6 L 7 L 8 M 9 M 10 M 11 N 12 K 13 M 14 M 15 K 16 L 17 L 18 K 19 N 20 L 21 N 22 M 23 K 24 K 25 N 26 N 27 M 28 L 29 L 30 K

4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. wbGP mƒwPwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉGk²vàGjvi Dîi `vI| `ËGei `vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY ‰KK ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY ‰KK 3 10 20 2 15 15 1 20 10 K. ˆiLvi Xvj Kx? L. weK͸ `ËGeÅi `vg cwieZÆb nGj Pvwn`v wewa KvhÆKi nq bv ˆKb? M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ZG^Åi AvGjvGK fvimvgÅ `vg wbaÆviGYi welqwU wPGòi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| N. mƒwPGZ DwÍÏwLZ cÉwZwU `vGg ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY 5 ‰KK e†w«¬ KiGj fvimvgÅ Kx iKg cwieZÆb nGe? weGkÏlY KGiv| 2. wbGP ‰KwU AGcÞK ˆ`Iqv AvGQ: Y = (X) = 20 2X; AGcÞKwU chÆvGjvPbv KGi cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. AGcÞKwUGZ Õ¼vaxb PjK I Aaxb PjK `ywU Kx? 1 L. Õ¼vaxb PjGKi 2, 4, 6 I 8 gvGb Aaxb PjGKi gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 2 M. cÉvµ¦ gvbmgƒGni wfwîGZ ‰KwU ˆjLwPò Aâb KGiv| 3 N. ˆjLwPGò cÉvµ¦ ˆiLvwU A^ÆbxwZi ˆKvb ˆiLvwUi mvG^ msMwZcƒYÆ ‰es ˆKb Zv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 3. Rbve ˆgvÕ¦dv KvgvGji ‘K’ `ËGeÅi wewf®² ‰KK ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ DcGhvM mƒwPGZ ˆ`Iqv nGjv : `ËGeÅi ‰KK ˆgvU DcGhvM 1g 5 2q 9 3q 12 4^Æ 14 5g 15 6Ó¤ 15 7g 14 K. A^ÆbxwZGZ DcGhvM Kx? 1 L. ˆKvGbv `ËGeÅi wbRÕ¼ `vg AcwiewZÆZ ˆ^GK cwicƒiK `ËGeÅi `vg KgGj weGePÅ `ËGeÅi Pvwn`v Kxi…c nGe| eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi Z^Å eÅenvi KGi ˆgvU DcGhvM ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi Dcvî A^ÆbxwZi ˆKvb wewai mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? 4 4. `vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Qd) ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY (Qs) 1 30 10 2 20 20 3 10 30 K. ˆhvMvb Kx? 1 L. mgGqi eÅeavGb cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM wewa KvhÆKi nq bv ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcGKi ZG^Åi AvGjvGK fvimvgÅ wPGòi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Dcwi-DÚ mƒwP Abyhvqx fvimvgÅ Pvwn`vi cwigvY 20 ˆ^GK ˆeGo 30 ‰KK nGj fvimvGgÅi Ici Kx cÉfve coGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 5.wbGP evRvGii Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvb mÁ·wKÆZ Z^Å mƒwPGZ ˆ`Iqv nGjv: `ËGeÅi `vg (P) `ËGeÅi ˆgvU Pvwn`v (D) `ËGeÅi ˆgvU ˆhvMvb (S) 6 200 ‰KK 600 ‰KK 4 400 ‰KK 400 ‰KK 2 600 ‰KK 200 ‰KK K. Pvwn`v AGcÞK Kx? 1 L. ˆhvMvb wewa ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. DcGii mƒwPi AvGjvGK wPò Aâb KGi fvimvgÅ `vg wbaÆviGYi welqwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. ˆhvMvb ˆiLv AcwiewZÆZ ˆ^GK AwâZ Pvwn`v ˆiLv Wvbw`GK DcGi Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ nGj fvimvgÅ `vGgi Kx cwieZÆb nGe weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 6.wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI : K. fvimvgÅ KvGK eGj? 1 L. evRvi `vg KxfvGe wbaÆvwiZ nq@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. wPò ˆ^GK `vg, Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvGbi wfwîGZ mƒwP cÉÕ§Z KGiv| 3 N. ˆhvMvb wÕ©i ˆ^GK Pvwn`v e†w«¬ ˆcGj fvimvGgÅi Dci ˆh cÉfve cGo Zv ˆiLvwPGòi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 7.wbGPi wPòwU chÆGeÞY KGi cÉ`î cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI| Y X D F E D P0 P1 O q 1 q 2 `vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY K. Pvwn`v Kx? 1 L. Pvwn`v wewaGZ `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigvGYi mÁ·KÆ ˆKgb? 2 M. E ˆ^GK F ‰es F ˆ^GK E we±`yGZ mçvjbGK Kx eGj wPGòi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. DóxcK ewYÆZ ˆiLvwU ˆKvb `ËGeÅi mvG^ RwoZ? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 8. mKvGj KvRj ˆcqviv wKbGZ hvq| ˆm cÉ^g ˆcqvivwU 10 UvKv `vGg KÌq Kij| cieZxÆGZ ˆm 2q, 3q, 4^Æ I 5g ˆcqviv h^vKÌGg 9 UvKv, 8 UvKv, 7 UvKv I 6 UvKv w`Gq ˆKGb| KvRj cici 5wU ˆcqviv KÌGqi ci ˆ`vKvwbi AbyGivGa 6Ó¤ ˆcqvivwU 5 UvKv w`Gq ˆKGb| Aciw`GK weGKGj Õ•zj ˆ^GK ˆdivi cG^ ‰B AvKvGii ˆcqviv wKbGZ wMGq ˆewk `vg ˆ`q| K. Kx w`Gq DcGhvM cwigvc Kiv hvq? 1 L. KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM wewawU Kx? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. mKvGj KvRGji ˆcqviv ˆKbvi NUbvi AvGjvGK cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM ˆiLv Aâb KGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. KvRGji ˆkGli AvPiYwU ˆZvgvi cvVÅeBGqi AvGjvGK gƒjÅvqb KGiv|4 9. Qvwebv gÅvWvg A^ÆbxwZi KÑvGm eGjb ˆh, ‘ˆKvGbv weGkl `ËGeÅi gRyZ e†w«¬i dGj ˆKvGbv eÅwÚ ˆh AwZwiÚ DcGhvM jvf KGi Zv gRy` e†w«¬i mGã mGã Zv KÌgk KgGZ ^vGK|’ ‰ wewa cixÞGY KÑvGmi Qvò iwdK ejGjv ˆh WvKwUGKU I wewf®² ˆ`Gki gy`Ëv msMÉGn Zv AvKv›Þv KGg bv eis e†w«¬ cvq| K. cwigvYevPK DcGhvM Kx? 1 L. KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM wewai gƒj eÚeÅ DGÍÏL KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGK Qvwebv gÅvWvGgi eÚeÅwU ˆKvb wewa Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. KÑvGm iwdGKi eÚeÅwU ‰gb nGjv ˆKb? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 10.K.K ‰´ŸvicÉvBR jvjgwbinvU ‰i mycwiwPZ ‰KwU dvwbÆPvGii ˆ`vKvb| ˆmLvGb 1,000 KgÆx 3,000 UvKv ˆeZGb KvR KGi| 50 Rb KgÆxGK KvGR AeGnjvi RbÅ QuvUvB Kiv nGjv| ‰ici bZzb ˆjvK ˆbqvi RbÅ cwòKvq ‰KwU weævcb ˆ`qv nGjv| `iLvÕ¦ Rgv w`j gvò 30 Rb| K. mÅvi ievUÆ wMGdb KZ mvGj wMGdb `ËGeÅi aviYv ˆ`b? 1 L. Pvwn`vi Avq wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv ejGZ wK eySvq? 2 M. K.K. ‰´ŸvicÉvBGR ˆhvMvGbi Zzjbvq KgÆxi RbÅ Pvwn`v ˆewk| fvimvGgÅi Dci ‰B Pvwn`vi cÉfve eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq ˆhvMvb Kg nIqvq fvimvgÅ ˆeZGbi ˆPGq ˆewk ˆeZb w`GZ nGZ cvGi- gZvgZ `vI| 4 11. ewikvj knGii mvGn` Avjx Zvi evwoi m`mÅG`i RGbÅ cÉwZ ˆKwR 10 UvKv aGi 5 ˆKwR, 8 UvKv `Gi 10 ˆKwR ‰es 5 UvKv `Gi 15 ˆKwR ˆcqviv KÌq Kij| ˆm gGb gGb fveGjv `vg KgGj AviI ˆewk ˆcqviv wKbGeb| mvGn` Avjxi cÉwZGekx gyw` ˆ`vKvb`vi ˆgvKeyj wgqv cÉwZ ˆKwR 20 UvKv `Gi 15 ˆKwR, 15 UvKv `Gi 10 ˆKwR ‰es 10 UvKv `Gi 5 ˆKwR ˆcuqvR wewKÌ KGi| wZwb mvGn` AvjxGK ejj, `vg evoGj wZwb ˆewk KGi ˆcuqvR wewKÌ KiGeb| K. gv^vwcQy Avq KvGK eGj? 1 L. mÁ·G`i ŠewkÓ¡Å wnGmGe DcGhvM aviYvwU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. mvGn` Avjxi ˆcqviv KÌq Kivi welqwU A^ÆbxwZi ˆKvb wewaGK cÉwZdwjZ KGiGQ Zv mƒwP ŠZwi KGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. mvGn` Avjxi ˆcqviv KÌGqi mvG^ ˆgvKeyj wgqvi ˆcqviv wewKÌ Kivi welqwUi ˆKvGbv mv`†kÅZv AvGQ wK? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 S c d P P3 P2 P1 a E b D O q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 Q `vg Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 5 gGWj 3 Z‡Zxq AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. Mo Drcv`b (AP) I cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b (MP) ˆiLvi AvK‡wZ nGe K AP f„wg AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj I MP wbÁ²Mvgx L AP Ea»ÆMvgx I MP wbÁ²Mvgx M AP I MP f„wg AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj N AP wbÁ²Mvgx I MP Ea»ÆMvgx 2. Q = f (L, K) ‰wU Kx aiGbi AGcÞK? K `xNÆKvjxb Drcv`b AGcÞK L ռ͸Kvjxb Drcv`b AGcÞK M Pvwn`v AGcÞK N ˆhvMvb AGcÞK 3. TU mGeÆvœP nGj MU KZ nq? K meÆwbÁ² L kƒbÅ M FYvñK N Amxg 4. TFC = 10, TVC = 20 nGj, Drcv`Gbi cwigvY (Q) = 10, ZvnGj TC KZ? K 5 L 10 M 20 N 30 5. ˆgvU eÅq ‰i Dcv`vbàGjv nGjv@ i. wÕ©i eÅq ii. cÉvw¯¦K eÅq iii. cwieZÆbxq eÅq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 6. cÉGqvRbxq Dcv`vbàGjvGK ‰KwòZ KGi ‰G`i gGaÅ mg¯¼q mvaGbi KvR Kiv «¼viv cÉKvk cvq@ i. msMVK ii. Dcv`vb iii. DG`ÅvÚv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi DóxcKwU jÞ Ki ‰es 7 I 8 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: wg. X ‰KRb cYÅ weGKÌZv| wZwb 5 ‰KK cYÅ weKÌq KGi ˆgvU 100 UvKv Avq KGib| ‰ici wZwb AvGiv ‰K ‰KKmn ˆgvU 6 ‰KK cYÅ weKÌq KGi ˆgvU 115 UvKv Avq KGib| 7. DóxcK Abyhvqx wg. X ‰i cÉvw¯¦K Avq KZ? K 5 L 6 M 15 N 20 8. DóxcK Abyhvqx wg. X ‰i@ i. `ËGeÅi `vg KGgGQ ii. `ËGeÅi mgRvZxq `ËeÅ evRvGi iGqGQ iii. `ËGeÅi `vg ˆiLvi Xvj FYvñK wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 9. ռ͸KvGj Drcv`b e®¬ ^vKGjI ˆh eÅq Pvjy ^vGK ZvGK Kx eGj? K wÕ©i eÅq L cwieZÆbxq eÅq M ˆgvU eÅq N cÉvw¯¦K eÅq 10. weKÌqjõ ˆgvU AvqGK (TR) weKÌGqi cwigvY (Q) «¼viv fvM KiGj Kx cvIqv hvq? K AR L MR M TP N MP 11. nwiej mƒòai ‰KRb KvVwgwÕ¨| wZwb 5wU ˆWÈwms ˆUwej ŠZwi KiGjb| ‰GZ Zvi ˆgvU eÅq nj 25,000 UvKv| ‰KK cÉwZ Mo eÅq KZ? K 5000 UvKv L 10,000 UvKv M 2500 UvKv N 7500 UvKv 12. ռ͸KvGj cwieZÆb Kiv mÁ¿e i. h¯¨cvwZ ii. kÉwgK iii. KuvPvgvj wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK ? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi DóxcKwU cGov ‰es 13 I 14 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: wg. UzKz ‰K ‰Ki RwgGZ UGgGUv Pvl KGib| ‰B RwgGZ 1g eQGi ‰KRb kÉwgK wbGqvM KGi 100 gY UGgGUv Drcv`b KGi| 2q eQGi `yBRb kÉwgKn wbGqvM KGi 150 gY UGgGUv Drcv`b KGi ‰es 3q eQGi 3 Rb kÉwgKn wbGqvM KGi 175 gY UGgGUv Drcv`b KGi| 13. DóxcGKi UGgGUv Drcv`b A^ÆbxwZi ˆKvb wewawU wbG`Æk KGi? K Pvwn`v L ˆhvMvb M gvòvMZ Drcv`b N cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b 14. wg. UzKzi UGgGUv Drcv`b ˆKvb ˆKvb welGqi ˆÞGò cÉGhvRÅ@ i ˆhvMvb ii K‡wl cYÅ Drcv`b iii wk͸ cYÅ Drcv`b wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 15. bvGmÆi ˆmev «¼viv ˆh DcGhvGMi m†wÓ¡ nq ZvGK ˆKvb aiGbi DcGhvM ejv nq? K mgqMZ L i…cMZ M ˆmevMZ N Õ©vbMZ 16. A^ÆbxwZGZ f„wg ejGZ ˆevSvq? K f„-c†Ó¤ L Rwg M LwbR `ËeÅ N cÉK‡wZ cÉ`î mewKQy 17. ˆKb dvGgÆi eÅqGK cwieZÆbxq LiP eGj? K AwÕ©i Dcv`vGbi RbÅ L AcwieZÆbxq Dcv`vGbi RbÅ M wÕ©i Dcv`vGbi RbÅ N cwieZÆbxq Dcv`vGbi RbÅ 18. ռ͸KvGj ˆgvU eÅq ˆiLv ÷i‚ nq@ K gƒj we±`y ˆ^GK L gƒj we±`yi Dci ˆ^GK M gƒj we±`yi evgw`K ˆ^GK N gƒj we±`yi Wvbw`K ˆ^GK 19. mg Drcv`b ˆiLvi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv@ i ˆiLvwU evg ˆ^GK Wvbw`GK wbÁ²Mvgx ii ˆiLvwU evg ˆ^GK Wvbw`GK EaÆMvgx iii ˆiLvwUi cÉwZ we±`yGZ mgcwigvY Drcv`b wbG`Æk KGi wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M iiI iii N i, ii I iii 20. Drcv`Gbi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb ˆKvbwU? K f„wg L kÉg M gƒjab N msMVb 21. ˆgvU eÅGqi cwigvY wbfÆi KGi K `ËGeÅi Pvwn`vi Dci L ˆgvU AvGqi Dci M ˆgvU Drcv`Gbi Dci N ˆgvU weKÌGqi Dci 22. ˆgvU eÅGqi cwieZÆb I ˆgvU Drcv`Gbi cwieZÆGbi AbycvZ wbGPi ˆKvbwU? K Mo L cÉvw¯¦K eÅq M ˆgvU eÅq N Drcv`b eÅq 23. A^ÆbxwZGZ Drcv`b aviYvi mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ i. bZzb DcGhvM m†wÓ¡ Kiv ii. ˆKvGbv DcGhvM m†wÓ¡ Kiv iii. kL KGi ˆKvGbv wKQy Kiv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK ? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi DóxcKwU co ‰es 24 I 25 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: ‰KwU KviLvbvq Drcv`b kƒbÅ AeÕ©vq ˆgvU eÅq 100 UvKv| 1g ‰KK Drcv`Gb ˆgvU eÅq 120 UvKv| 2q ‰KK Drcv`Gb ˆgvU eÅq 130 UvKv ‰es 3q ‰KK Drcv`Gb ˆgvU eÅq 160 UvKv| 24. DóxcGK ˆgvU cwieZÆbxq eÅq KZ? K 60 UvKv L 130 UvKv M 100 UvKv N 160 UvKv 25. DóxcK AbymvGi ˆgvU LiP ˆiLvi AvK‡wZ ˆKgb nGe? K L M N 26. KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewai aviYv Abyhvqx ˆgvU Drcv`b mGeÆvœP AeÕ©vq cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b Kx nGe? K mGeÆvœP L meÆwbÁ² M kƒbÅ N FYvñK 27. ˆKvbwU `vg ˆiLv? K AR L MR M MC N AC 28. KÌgeaÆgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewaGZ ˆgvU Drcv`b I cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b Kx nvGi evGo? K KÌgeaÆgvb L KÌgnËvmgvb M wÕ©i N FYvñK 29. MC ˆiLv AC ˆiLvGK ˆKvb& we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi? K AC ˆiLvi Ea»ÆMvgx AsGk L AC ˆiLvi wbÁ²Mvgx AsGk M AC ˆiLvi meÆwbÁ² AsGk N ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ bv 30. `xNÆKvGj Drcv`b e†w«¬i mvG^ mvG^ eÅGqi wKi…c cwieZÆb nq? K wÕ©i eÅq I cwieZÆbxq eÅq DfqB e†w«¬ cvq L wÕ©i eÅq I cwieZÆbxq eÅq DfqB nËvm cvq M wÕ©i ^vGK bv, ˆgvU eÅq e†w«¬ cvq N wÕ©i eÅq ^vGK, cwieZÆbxq eÅq e†w«¬ cvq Dîi1 M 2 K 3 L 4 N 5 M 6 L 7 M 8 N 9 K 10 K 11 K 12 N 13 N 14 M 15 M 16 N 17 N 18 L 19 L 20 M 21 M 22 L 23 K 24 K 25 N 26 M 27 K 28 K 29 M 30 M C O Q C O Q C O Q C O Q

6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. Mwb wgqv Zvi 1 ˆnÙi RwgGZ mbvZb c«¬wZGZ Pvlvev` ÷i‚ KGi| 1g eQi ˆm kÉg I gƒjab eve` 100 UvKv LiP KGi 20 KzB´Ÿvj avb Drcv`b Kij| cieZÆx 3eQi ˆm kÉg I gƒjab eve` chÆvqKÌGg 200 UvKv, 300 UvKv I 400 UvKv LiP KGi h^vKÌGg 50 KzB´Ÿvj, 70 KzB´Ÿvj I 80 KzB´Ÿvj avb Drcv`b KiGZ mÞg nq| cGi Drcv`b LiP nËvm Kivi iRbÅ ˆm UÇvÙi w`Gq Pvlvev` ÷i‚ KGi ‰es cÉPzi dmj Drcv`b KGi| K. Drcv`b ejGZ Kx eySvq? 1 L. Drcv`Gbi DcKiYmgƒn Kx Kx AvGjvPbv KGiv| 2 M. Mwb wgqvi avb Drcv`b cÉwKÌqv ˆZvgvi eBGqi ˆKvb wewai mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ mƒwP I wPGòi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ wewawU memgq KvhÆKi nGe Kx? ˆZvgvi DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI|4 2. gwR` mvGne ‰KwU KviLvbvi gvwjK| KviLvbvi Drcv`b LiP wePvi- weGePbv KiGZ wMGq ˆ`GLb ˆh, KviLvbvq wKQz LiP AvGQ hv Drcv`b PvjvGjI enb KiGZ nq, Avevi, bv PvjvGjI enb KiGZ nq| ‰ RbÅ wKQzUv ˆjvKmvb nGjI ‰me LiP enb KiGZ nq| ZGe wKQz wKQz LiP AvGQ ˆhàGjv Drcv`b nËvm-e†w«¬i mvG^ RwoZ| gwR` mvGne ‰ welqàGjv mZKÆZvi mvG^ weGePbv KGiB Drcv`b KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv KGib| K. Drcv`Gb wÕ©i eÅq Kx? 1 L. Drcv`Gbi cwieZÆbxq eÅGqi aib Kx iKg? 2 M. gwR` mvGne KviLvbv cwiPvjbvi mgq ˆKvb welqàGjv weGePbv KGib? 3 N. `xNÆKvGj KviLvbv wUwKGq ivLvi RbÅ gwR` mvGneGK wÕ©i eÅq I cwieZÆbxq eÅq weGePbv Kiv cÉGqvRb ˆKb weGkÐlY Ki| 4 3. kÉg I gƒjab Rwgi cwigvY ˆgvU Drcv`b cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b 400 1 ˆnÙi 20 20 800 1 ˆnÙi 32 12 1200 1 ˆnÙi 40 8 1600 1 ˆnÙi 44 4 K. Drcv`b KvGK eGj? 1 L. Drcv`Gbi DcKiY KqwU? eYÆbv `vI| 2 M. DóxcGK ˆKvb aiGbi Drcv`b wewa wbG`Æk KGi Zv eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. ‰B wewawU wK ÷ay K‡wl ˆÞGòB cÉGhvRÅ ˆZvgvi DîGii Õ¼cGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4 4. wbGPi QKKwU co ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: Drcv`b ‰KK (Q) ˆgvU LiP (TC) Mo LiP (AC) cÉvw¯¦K LiP (MC) 1 5 UvKv 5 UvKv 5 UvKv 2 8 UvKv 4 UvKv 3 UvKv 3 9 UvKv 3 UvKv 1 UvKv 4 12 UvKv 3 UvKv 3 UvKv 5 20 UvKv 4 UvKv 8 UvKv K. Drcv`b eÅq Kx? 1 L. cÉvw¯¦K eÅq wÕ©i eÅq «¼viv cÉfvweZ nq bv| cÉgvY KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉvw¯¦K LiP ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Mo LiP (AC) I cÉvw¯¦K LiP (MC) ‰i ZzjbvgƒjK AeÕ©vb chÆvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 5. ivwKev 4,500 UvKv w`Gq ‰KwU ˆmjvB ˆgwkb, KuvwP I cwigvcK wdZv ‰es 2375 UvKv w`Gq Kvco, myZv, PK I AvbylwãK wRwbmcò wKGb 5wU kvUÆ evbvj| ‰GZ Kvco, myZv I PK eve` Zvi MGo 475 UvKv LiP nGjv| ‰ici H 1wU ˆgwkb w`GqB 10, 15, 20 I 25wU kvGUÆi RbÅ Kvco, myZv, PK I AbÅvbÅ wRwbmcò eve` Zvi Mo LiP nGjv h^vKÌGg 400, 350, 675 I 1120 UvKv| K. ˆgvU wÕ©i eÅq (TFC) Kx? 1 L. wÕ©i eÅq I cwieZÆbkxj eÅGqi msævMZ cv^ÆKÅ wbG`Æk KGiv| 2 M. ivwKevi ˆgvU wÕ©i eÅq ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. ivwKevi Mo LiP ˆiLv Aâb KGi ‰i AvK‡wZ ‰ iKg nIqvi KviY eYÆbv KGiv| 4 6. Rbve AvRv` ‰KRb dvwbÆPvi Drcv`bKvix| Zvi ‰B KvGR ˆh gybvdv nq, Zv w`Gq Zvi msmvGii LiP wgwUGq cÉwZ gvGm wKQy mçq KGib| eQi ˆkGl Zvi wZb jvL UvKv mçq nq| ‰B UvKv w`Gq bZzb ‰KwU KviLvbv Pvjy KGib| K. Drcv`b eÅq KvGK eGj? 1 L. ռ͸Kvjxb Drcv`b AGcÞK ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. DóxcGK Rbve AvRvG`i AvGqi ˆKvb AskGK gƒjab ejv hvq? eÅvLÅv Ki|3 N. Rbve AvRv`GK msMVK ejv hvq wK? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 7. DóxcKwU jÞ KGiv ‰es wbGPi cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI : Drcv`Gbi cwigvY (Q) ˆgvU wÕ©i eÅq (TFC) ˆgvU Mo cwieZÆb eÅq AFC 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 K. cÉvw¯¦K eÅGqi mƒòwU Kx? 1 L. Mo eÅq I cÉvw¯¦K eÅGqi gGaÅ mÁ·KÆ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcK ˆ^GK TFC ˆiLv Aâb KGiv ‰es ˆiLvwU mÁ·GKÆ g¯¦eÅ KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi AFC KjvgwU cƒYÆ KGiv ‰es ˆiLvwPGòi gvaÅGg TFC I AFC DcÕ©vcb KGi ˆiLv `ywUi AvK‡wZ mÁ·GKÆ g¯¦eÅ KGiv| 4 8. Rwjj cÉwZeQi Zvi ‰K ‰Ki RwgGZ mbvZb c«¬wZGZ Avjyi Pvl KGib| Zvi Avjyi Drcv`b I Avq-eÅGqi ZvwjKv wbÁ²i…c| Zvi gGb nq Avjyi D®²Z Pvl c«¬wZ cÉeZÆb KiGj Avjyi Drcv`b e†w«¬i ‰ cÉeYZv ˆiva Kiv ˆhGZv| eQi Rwg (‰KGi) kÉg I gƒjab eÅq (UvKvq) Avjyi ˆgvU Drcv`b (ˆKwRGZ) Avjyi cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b (ˆKwRGZ) 2009 1 1,000 400 400 2010 1 2,000 900 500 2011 1 3,000 1200 300 2012 1 4,000 1400 200 2013 1 5,000 1500 100 K. cÉvw¯¦K eÅq Kx? 1 L. ռ͸KvGj mKj Dcv`vb cwieZÆb mÁ¿e bq@ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 M. ˆiLvwPGòi mvnvGhÅ DóxcGKi cÉKvwkZ wewawU eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. KxfvGe Rwjj Avjyi Drcv`b e†w«¬i ‰ cÉeYZv ˆiva KiGZ cvGib Zv weGkÏlY Ki| 4 9. ‰KwU evRvGi cÉwZ ‰KK KjGgi `vg wbw`ÆÓ¡ ‰es 5 UvKv| DÚ evRvGi Mo Avq I cÉvw¯¦K Avq wÕ©i ^vGK| K. Drcv`b wewa Kx? 1 L. Drcv`b eÅq KvGK eGj? 2 M. DóxcGK ˆKvb evRviGK wbG`Æk KGi Zv DGÍÏL Ki ‰es DóxcK ˆ^GK `vg, ˆgvU Avq, Mo Avq I cÉvw¯¦K AvGqi ‰KwU mƒwP ŠZwi KGi eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. weKÌGqi cwigvY e†w«¬i mvG^, `vg KÌgv®¼Gq nËvm ˆcGj cÉ`î evRvGii mvG^ Kx Kx cv^ÆKÅ Zzwg LyuGR cvGe wPGòi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvI| 4 10. KvGmg Avjx 1 weNv Rwgi gvwjK| ‰B ‰K weNv RwgGZ ˆm 1000 UvKv eÅq KGi 40 gY avb Drcv`b KGi| cGii eQi ˆm H RwgGZ 2000 UvKv eÅq KGi 90 gY avb cvq| cieZÆxGZ ˆm 3000 UvKv eÅq KGi avb cvq 150 gY avb| K. A^ÆbxwZGZ Drcv`b ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1 L. Mo eÅq wK cÉvw¯¦K eÅGqi ˆPGq memgq ˆewk nq? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 M. DóxcK ˆ^GK cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wbYÆq KGi QK ŠZwi Ki| 3 N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ Z^Åvewj Drcv`Gbi ˆKvb wewai ˆÞGò cÉGhvRÅ I Drcv`Gbi ˆKvb chÆvGq ‰i…c wewa KvR KiGZ cvGi@ eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 11. Drcv`Gbi cwigvY (Q) ˆgvU eÅq (TC) 0 3000 1 4000 2 4800 3 5400 4 6200 5 7400 6 9600 K. Drcv`b eÅq Kx? 1 L. ռ͸Kvj I `xNÆKvGji gGaÅ cÉavb `ywU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2 M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ Z^Å ˆ^GK Mo I cÉvw¯¦K eÅq wbYÆq KGi wPGòi gvaÅGg DcÕ©vcb Ki| 3 N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ Drcv`Gbi mvG^ ˆgvU eÅGqi ‰i…c mÁ·KÆGK Zzwg KxfvGe eÅvLÅv KiGe? 4

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 7 gGWj 4 PZz^Æ AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. A^ÆbxwZwe` KzbÆU ˆKvb ˆ`Gki Awaevmx? K ivwkqv L AvGgwiKv M RvgÆvb N dÌv´Ö 2. AvqZGbi wfwîGZ evRviGK Kq fvGM fvM Kiv hvq? K 2 L 3 M 4 N 7 3. mgGqi wfwîGZ evRviGK KqwU ˆkÉwYGZ wefÚ Kiv nGqGQ? K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 4. wbGPi ˆKvbwU Õ©vbxq evRvGii cYÅ? K Õ¼YÆ L Pvj M kvKmewR N jeY 5. cƒYÆcÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi@ i. AR = MR ii. P = AR = MR iii. MR >P wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i,iiI iii wbGÁ²i DóxcKwU co ‰es 6 I 7bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Kvjvg, Rb I Avb±` wZbwU c†^K Õ©vb nGZ ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq ‰KB cYÅ Awf®² `vGg KÌq KiGjb| KvjvGgi AeÕ©vb Drcv`b KviLvbvi wbKGU nGjI Aci `y’Rb AGbK `ƒGi AewÕ©Z| 6. DóxcGK wbG`ÆwkZ evRvi ˆKvbwU? K gGbvcmwb L AwjGMvcwj M WzGqvcwj N cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZv 7. wZbwU Õ©vGb Awf®² `vGgi KviY nGjv@ i. evRvGi miKvwi nÕ¦GÞc ii. cwienY eÅq ˆbB iii. ˆKÌZvG`i mGPZbZv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, iiI iii 8. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å nGœQ@ i AmsLÅ ˆKÌZv-weGKÌZv ii `ËeÅwU mgRvZxq iii AwaK weævcb LiP wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i, ii I iii L i I ii M i I iii N iiI iii 9. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvi evRvGi ˆKvbwU wkG͸i fvimvgÅ kZÆ? K S = D L MR = MC M P = AR = MR N MR > MC 10. wbGÁ²i ˆKvb evRvGi `vg wÕ©i ^vGK? K ‰KGPwUqv L WzGqvcwj M AwjGMvcwj N cƒYÆcÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK 11. 'Monopoly' kõwUi evsjv cwifvlv Kx? K ‰KgyLx L ‰KGivLv M ‰KGPwUqv N ‰KGPwUqv cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK 12. gGbvcmwb evRvGi ˆKÌZv KZRb ^vGK? K 1 Rb L 2 Rb M 3 Rb N 4 Rb 13. ‰KGPwUqv evRvGii D`vniY bq i ˆgvevBj evRvi ii mvevGbi evRvi iii Iqvmv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, iiI iii wbGPi DóxcKwU cGo 14 I 15bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Y AR=MR O weKÌGqi cwigvY Q `vg Avq 14. DóxcGKi ˆjLwPòwU ˆKvb evRvGii mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ? K cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvi L ‰KGPwUqv evRvi M WzGqvcwj evRvi N ‰KGPwUqv cÉwZGhvwMZv evRvi 15. wPGò AR I MR ˆiLvwU f„wg AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj nIqvi KviY wQj@ K `vg Kg L `vg ˆewk M wbqw¯¨Z `vg N wbaÆvwiZ `vg 16. Mo Avq I cÉvw¯¦K Avq ˆiLv f„wg AGÞ mgv¯¦ivj nq ˆKvb evRvGi? K ‰KGPwUqv evRvGi L gywÓ¡Ggq evRvGi M `yRb weGKÌZvi N cƒYÆcÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi 17. ˆKvbwU ‰KGPwUqv evRvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å? K `ËGeÅi ˆhvMvb wbq¯¨Y L DcKiGYi MwZkxjZv M Drcv`b I ˆfvGMi Õ¼vaxbZv N evRvi mÁ·GKÆ ˆKÌZvi ævb 18. AaÅvcK gvkÆvj `ËGeÅi `vg wbaÆviY cÉwKÌqv KxGmi wfwîGZ ˆ`wLGqGQb? K Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvb L Avq I ˆfvM M Drcv`b I eÅq N Pvwn`v I mgq 19. AcƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvi evRvi nGjv@ i. AwjGMvcwj evRvi ii. ‰KGPwUqv evRvi iii. ˆkqvievRvi wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i,iiI iii wbGPi DóxcKwU cGo 20 I 21 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Y O X 15 Avq/eÅq/`vg cwigvY 10 P=AR=MR 2 8 MC AC 20. DóxcK Abyhvqx ˆgvU Avq@ K 20 L 80 M 120 N 150 21. DóxcK fvimvGgÅi ˆÞGò wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K AR > AC L AC = AR M AC > AR N AC = MR 22. ‰KGPwUqv cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi weGKÌZviv cGYÅi c†^KxKiGYi ˆPÓ¡v KGi@ i. weævcGbi gvaÅGg ii. AvK‡wZ I iGOi gvaÅGg iii. ˆUÇWgvGKÆi gvaÅGg wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, iiI iii 23. wbGPi ˆKvbwU Õ©vbxq evRvGii cYÅ? K PvDj L ˆZj M jeY N `ya 24. AwZ ռ͸Kvjxb evRvGi ˆKvb `ËGeÅi `vg nËvme†w«¬ wbfÆi KGi i. ˆhvMvGbi Ici ii. Pvwn`vi Ici iii. ˆKÌZvi msLÅvi Ici wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi ˆiLvwPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es 25 I 26bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 25. wPGò MR ˆiLvwU ˆKvb evRvGii? K cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZv L ‰KGPwUqv M gGbvcmwb N WzGqvcmwb 26. DÚ wPGò fvimvgÅ Õ©vcGbi RbÅ AbÅ ˆKvb ˆiLv cÉGqvRb? K TC L AC M MC N TR 27. cÉwZGhvwMZvi wfwîGZ evRvi KZ cÉKvi? K 2 cÉKvi L 3 cÉKvi M 4 cÉKvi N 5 cÉKvi 28. ˆh evRvGi ‰KRb gvò ˆKÌZv ^vGK ZvGK Kx aiGbi evRvi eGj? K ‰KGPwUqv evRvi L WzGqvcwj M AwjGMvcwj N gGbvcmwb wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 29 I 30bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: evsjvG`k ˆcGUÇvjevsjv ˆ`Gki ‰Kgvò MÅvm mieivnKvix cÉwZÓ¤vb| MÅvGmi `vg wbaÆviY I Drcv`b ZvivB wbq¯¨Y KGi| 29. AbyGœQG` ˆKvb aiGbi evRvGii K^v ejv nGqGQ? K cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK L AwjGMvcwj M gGbvcmwb N ‰KGPwUqv 30. ‰KGPwUqv evRvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv i. ‰KRb gvò ˆKÌZv ^vGK ii. ‰KRb gvò weGKÌZv ZvGK iii. AmsLÅ ˆKÌZv ^vGK wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Dîi1 N 2 L 3 M 4 M 5 K 6 N 7 M 8 L 9 M 10 N 11 M 12 K 13 K 14 K 15 N 16 N 17 K 18 K 19 K 20 L 21 M 22 N 23 N 24 M 25 L 26 M 27 K 28 N 29 N 30 M O X MR Drcv`b ev weKÌGqi cwigvY Avq I eÅq Y

8 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. iwnR dj weGKÌZv| Zvi gGZv AviI AGbGKB evRvGi ‰ eÅemvq RwoZ| evRvGi ˆKÌZv msLÅvI AGbK| ˆKÌZv-weGKÌZvi `iKlvKwli gvaÅGg dGji `vg wbaÆvwiZ nq| ‰ eÅemvq iwnR ˆ`LGZ cvq ˆKvGbv w`b Zvi AGbK jvf nq, ˆKvGbvw`b Avq-eÅq mgvb nq Avevi ˆKvGbv w`b Zvi ˆjvKmvb nq| wK¯§ eQi ˆkGl ˆm ˆ`LGZ cvq ‰ eÅemvq Zvi ˆKvGbv ˆjvKmvb nq bv| K. Õ¼vfvweK gybvdv Kx? 1 L. RvZxq evRvi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. iwnR eÅemvq ˆh evRvi wbG`Æk KGi Zvi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ evRvGii AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv AeÕ©vq ռ͸Kvjxb `vg wbaÆviY wPGòi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 2. ewki AvnGg` wewkÓ¡ wk͸cwZ| wZwb bZzb ‰KwU KviLvbv Õ©vcGbi DGóGkÅ BU I iW wKbGZ evRvGi hvb| evRvGi wZwb AmsLÅ ˆKÌZv-weGKÌZv ˆ`LGZ cvb| wZwb DÚ cYÅ«¼q wbaÆvwiZ `vGg KÌq weKÌq KGib| cieZÆxGZ wZwb Zvi KviLvbvi we`yÅr msGhvM AvbGZ hvb| ˆmLvGb wMGq ˆ`LGZ cvb ‰KwU gvò cÉwZÓ¤vb we`yÅGZi ˆhvMvb w`GœQ| we`yÅGZi `vg weGKÌZv «¼vivB wbaÆvwiZ| ˆhLvGb AmsLÅ ˆKÌZv ^vGKb I `vGgi Dci ZvG`i ˆKvGbv f„wgKv ˆbB| K. evRvi Kx? 1 L. gGbvcmwb evRvi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. DóxcGK ewki AvnGg` ˆh evRvi ˆ^GK iW I BU KÌq KGib Zvi aib eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK iW I wmGgG´Ÿi evRvGii mvG^ we`yÅGZi evRvi Zzjbv KGiv|4 3. K. mgGqi wfwîGZ evRvi Kq cÉKvi? 1 L. ‰KGPwUqv KvievixGK `vg m†wÓ¡Kvix ejv nq ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcGK cÉ`wkÆZ wPòwU ˆ^GK mswkÏÓ¡ dvgÆwUi gybvdv wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. `vg nËvm ˆcGq 10 UvKv nGj dvGgÆi gybvdvi ˆÞGò Kx cwieZÆb NUGe? 4 4. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ KGiv ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. cƒYÆcÉwZGhvwMZv gƒjK evRvi ejGZ Kx eyS? 1 L. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZv P = AR = MR ˆKb? 2 M. wPGò cÉ`wkÆZ aviYvi eÅvLÅv `vI| 3 N. wPGòi cÉ`wkÆZ AeÕ©vq Drcv`K Kx wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KiGeb- ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 5.Kwig mvGne ‰KwU cÉvBGfU dvGgÆ PvKwi KGib| ‰ dvgÆ ‰gb ‰KwU cYÅ Drcv`b KGi hv AbÅ ˆKvGbv dvgÆ Drcv`b KGi bv| dvgÆwUi jÞÅ mGeÆvœP gybvdv ARÆb Kiv| ‰ jGÞÅ dvgÆwU `ËeÅwUi `vGgi Kg ˆewk KGi| dvgÆwU KLGbv AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv ARÆb KGi Avevi KLGbv ˆjvKmvb KGi| K. evRvi Kx? 1 L. fvimvGgÅi kZÆ `ywU wK wK? 2 M. Kwig mvGnGei dvgÆwU ˆh evRvi wbG`Æk KGi Zvi ŠewkÓ¡Å wK wK? 3 N. DÚ evRvGi AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv wPGòi mvnvGhÅ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 6. Šmq`cyGi cÉwZ eQi kxGZi ˆkGl Iim nq| Iim DcjGÞ cvBKvi evRvGii cvGk wekvj ˆgjv eGm| ˆgjv DcjGÞ Pviw`K ˆ^GK gvbyl AvGm, is ˆeisGqi cYÅ ˆePvGKbv nq| weGKÌZviv ZvG`i bZzb bZzb cYÅ mÁ·GKÆ ˆKÌZvG`i aviYv w`GZ I Zvi cÉPvGi gvBwKs KGi| gvmeÅvcx ‰ AwewKÌZ cYÅ ˆgjv ˆkGl ˆdiZ wbGq hvq| K. Monopoly A^Æ Kx? 1 L. Av¯¦RÆvwZK evRvi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. DóxcGKi ˆgjvi mvG^ ˆKvb aiGbi evRvGii mv`†kÅ cvIqv hvq? 3 N. DóxcGKi ˆgjvq cYÅàGjvi `vg KxfvGe wbaÆvwiZ nq? weGkÏlY KGiv|4 7. Aveyj ˆnvGmb mvGne Zvi cwievGii evRvi KGi ^vGKb| wZwb ‰gb ‰KwU evRvi ˆ^GK `ËeÅ KÌq KGi ^vGKb, ˆhLvGb AmsLÅ ˆKÌZv-weGKÌZvi DcwÕ©wZ| ˆKÌZviv wbw`ÆÓ¡ `vGg `ËeÅ KÌq KGi| Avevi weGKÌZvivI wbw`ÆÓ¡ `vGg `ËeÅ weKÌq KGi ^vGK| ˆKÌZv-weGKÌZv DfqB evRvi `vgGK ˆgGb ˆbq| K. AwjGMvcwj evRvi Kx? 1 L. dvgÆ I wgG͸i gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ DGjÐL KGiv| M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ evRvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ evRvGi ռ͸KvGj AvÚvi ˆnvGmb mvGne KxfvGe `vg I cwigvY wbaÆviY KiGeb? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 8.gvgyb mvGnGei gGZv MÉvGgi eümsLÅK ˆjvK mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc mgRvZxq ‰KwU `ËeÅ Drcv`b I evRviRvZ KGi| `ËeÅwUi ‰KwU gvò `vg cÉPwjZ ^vGK| Zviv ռ͸KvGj AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv, ÞwZ wKsev Õ¼vfvweK gybvdv ARÆb KiGZ cvGi| K. evRvi ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 1 L. gGbvcwj I gGbvcmwb evRvGii gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ Kx? 2 M. ewYÆZ NUbvwU ˆKvb aiGbi evRviGK BwãZ KGiGQ Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DwjÐwLZ evRvGi dvGgÆi ռ͸Kvjxb fvimvgÅ ARÆGbi ˆÞGò AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv ARÆGbi welqwU weGkÐlY KGiv| 4 9.wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kx? 1 L. ¯’vbxq evRvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DóxcK Abyhvqx dvGgÆi gybvdvi cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi AC ˆiLv E we±`yGZ Õ·kÆK nGj gybvdvi ˆÞGò Kx cwieZÆb nGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 10.iwng mvGne `ËeÅmvgMÉx KÌq KGib| wZwb ˆ`LGjb A evRvGi AmsLÅ ˆKÌZv-weGKÌZv mgRvZxq `ËeÅ KÌq-weKÌq KiGQ, evRvi mÁ·GKÆ ZvG`i cƒY aviYv iGqGQ| cGi B evRvGi wMGq ˆ`LGjb, AZů¦ A͸msLÅK weGKÌZv evRvGi cGYÅi ˆhvMvb wbq¯¨Y KiGQ, DœP `vGg gvbmÁ·®² `ËeÅ KÌq-weKÌq KiGQ| K. AwZ `xNÆKvjxb evRvi Kx? 1 L. dvgÆ I wk͸ wK ‰K? 2 M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ B evRviwU A^ÆbxwZi ˆKvb evRvGii mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ Zv eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. A I B evRvi `ywUi gGaÅ ˆKÌZv ˆKvbwUGZ AwaK jvfevb nq? hywÚmn gZvgZ `vI| 4 11.meyR ‰Kv`k ˆkÉwYGZ gvbweK wefvGM Lye fvGjv Qvò| SSC cixÞvq ˆm ˆMvGΣb A ˆcGqGQ| ˆm wbqwgZ covGjLv KGi| ‰Kw`b Zvi evev ZvGK dvgÆ I wk͸ wbGq wKQy cÉk² KGi| meyR Lye mnGRB cÉk²àGjvi Dîi ˆ`q| Zvi evev Zvi KvGQ mG¯¦vlRbK Dîi ˆcGq AGbK Lywk nq| K. evRvi KvVvGgv Kx? 1 L. Õ©vbxq evRvi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. DóxcGK meyGRi evev Zvi KvGQ ˆhme welq wbGq cÉk² KGi ˆmàGjvi aviYv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ welq `ywUi ZzjbvgƒjK cv^ÆKÅ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 30 20 10 o 50 100 F E MC AC AVC P=AR=MR Avq eÅq Kg Drcv`Gbi cwigvY SMC SAC AVC P=AR=MR O Q P.R.C P, R, C O 50 E MC AC P=AR=MR Drcv`b/weKÌGqi cwigvY 100 Q 8 F

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 9 gGWj 5 cçg AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. Drcv`Gbi mwKÌq DcKiY ˆKvbwU? K f„wg L kÉg M gƒjab N msMVb 2. kÉGgi Avw^ÆK `vgGK Kx eGj? K Avq L ivRÕ¼ M gRywi N kÉg `vg 3. ˆKvbwU «¼viv cÉvK‡wZK mÁ·`GK gvbyGli eÅenvi DcGhvMx Kiv nq? K f„wg L kÉg M gƒjab N msMVb wbGPi DóxcGKi AvGjvGK 4 I 5 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: wg. KvGkg 2013 mvGj gvwmK ˆeZb cvb 20,000 UvKv ‰es evwo fvov fvZv eve` cvb 10,000 UvKv| H eQi mvaviY Mo `vgÕ¦i wQj 10 UvKv| 4. wg. KvGkGgi cÉK‡Z gRywi KZ? K 20,000 L 10,000 M 3,000 N 2,000 5. mvaviY Mo `vg 20 UvKv nGj wg. KvGkGgi cÉK‡Z gRywii Kx nGe? K e†w«¬ cvGe L KgGe M ‰KB ^vKGe N e†w«¬ ˆcGq nËvm cvGe 6. KLb kÉGgi ˆhvMvb ˆiLv cøvrMvgx nq? K gRywi e†w«¬i mvG^ kÉGgi Pvwn`v nËvm ˆcGj L gRywi e†w«¬i mvG^ kÉGgi ˆhvMvb KgGj M gRywi e†w«¬i mvG^ kÉGgi ˆhvMvb wÕ©i ^vKGj N gRywi e†w«¬i mvG^ kÉGgi ˆhvMvb evoGj 7. W/P Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K Avw^ÆK gRywi L kÉGgi ˆhvMvb M kÉGgi Pvwn`v N cÉK‡Z gRywi 8. KLb kÉwgGKi KjÅvY evGo? K hLb Avw^ÆK gRywi evGo L hLb KgÆmsÕ©vb evGo M hLb cÉK‡Z gRywi evGo N hLb bÅvhÅ gRywi ˆ`qv nq 9. evsjvG`Gki kÉgevRvGii A`ÞZvi KviY nGjv@ i. wkÞvi Afve ii. myÕ¼vGÕ©Åi Afve iii. wbÁ²Rxebhvòvi gvb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 10. ˆKvbwU kÉGgi `ÞZvi mƒò? K EL = Q/t L EL = Q t M EL = Q t N EL = Q + t 11. ‰KRb KwÁ·DUvi welGqi wkÞK wkÞKZv ˆQGo KwÁ·DUvi ˆcÉvMÉvgvi wnGmGe `vwqZ½fvi MÉnY KiGj ˆKvb aiGbi MwZkxjZv m†wÓ¡ nq? K ˆfŒGMvwjK L ˆckvMZ M wk͸MZ N Õ¦iMZ 12. KzwUiwkG͸ KgÆiZ kÉwgK eÕ¨ wkG͸ PvKwi MÉnY KiGj ‰wU Kx aiGbi MwZkxjZv wbG`Æk KGi? K Õ¦iMZ L ˆckvMZ M wk͸MZ N DÍÏÁ¼ 13. Drcv`Gbi ‰KwU ˆgŒwjK Dcv`vb wnGmGe kÉGgi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv@ i. kÉg ‰KwU Rxe¯¦ DcKiY ii. kÉg `xNÆÕ©vqx iii. kÉg I kÉwgK AweGœQ`Å wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 14. ˆKvbwU kÉGgi ŠewkÓ¡Å bq? K kÉg ‰KwU Rxe¯¦ Dcv`vb L kÉg mwKÌq Dcv`vb M kÉg MwZkxj bq N kÉg I kÉwgK AwewœQ®² 15. ˆKvbwU kÉGgi ŠewkÓ¡Å? K Rxe¯¦ DcKiY L mçq Kiv hvq M ˆhvMvb e†w«¬ mgq mvGcGÞ bq N kÉg wewbGqvM Kiv hvq wbGPi DóxcGKi AvGjvGK 16 I 17 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: RvwKi mvGne 200 UvKv cÉwZ N¥Ÿv cvwikÉwgGK w`Gb 3 N¥Ÿv KvR KGib| cvwikÉwgK cÉwZ N¥Ÿv 300 UvKv nIqvq wZwb w`Gb 5 N¥Ÿv KvR KGib| `ÞZv e†w«¬ cvIqvq gvwjK Zvi cvwikÉwgK cÉwZ N¥Ÿv 500 UvKv wbaÆviY KGib| RvwKi mvGne ‰Lb cÉwZw`b 4 N¥Ÿv KvR KGib| 16. DóxcGK RvwKi mvGnGei kÉGgi ˆhvMvb ˆiLv nGe@ K evg ˆ^GK Wvbw`GK Ea»ÆMvgx L evg ˆ^GK Wvbw`GK wbÁ²Mvgx M Wvbw`GK Ea»ÆMvgx nGq evg w`GK ˆeuGK hvGe N Wvbw`GK Ea»ÆMvgx nGq wbGPi w`GK ˆeuGK hvGe 17. cÉfvlK ˆ^GK mnKvix AaÅvcK nGj kÉGgi MwZkxjZv Kx iƒc nGe? K Õ¦iMZ L ˆckvMZ M wkÞvMZ N ˆfŒGMvwjK 18. Drcv`Gbi Dcv`vGbi gGaÅ meGPGq ˆewk MwZkxj ˆKvbwU? K kÉg L gƒjab M f„wg N msMVb 19. kÉGgi gRywi e†w«¬ ˆcGj Kx nq? K kÉGgi Pvwn`v e†w«¬ L kÉGgi Pvwn`v nËvm cvq M kÉGgi ˆhvMvb wÕ©i ^vKGe N kÉGgi ˆhvMvb nËvm cvq 20. gRywii mvG^ kÉGgi Pvwn`vi mÁ·KÆ Kxi…c? K mgvbycvwZK L wecixZ M eÅÕ¦vbycvwZK N mggyLx 21. kÉGgi Pvwn`v wbaÆviY nq@ i. kÉwgGKi Drcv`b ÞgZvi Dci ii. cYÅwUi evRvi `vGgi Dci iii. Rjevqyi Dci wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 22. cÉK‡Z gRywii ˆÞGò ˆKvbwU cÉGhvRÅ? K `vgÕ¦i «¼viv cÉfvweZ bq L mnGR cwigvYGhvMÅ M wbGqvMGK cÉfvweZ KGi bv N gvbwmK Abyf„wZ RwoZ 23. kÉgevRvGi Kx KÌq-weKÌq nq? K kÉwgK L kÉg M kÉwgK msN N gRywi wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGov ‰es 24 I 25bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: widvZ wbGRB Zvi kÉGgi gRywi 150 UvKv ˆ^GK 200 UvKvq e†w«¬ Kij| ZeyI Zvi kÉGgi Pvwn`v e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| wbGqvMKvixMY AwaK gRywiGZ Zvi kÉg KÌq KiGZ aYÆv w`GœQ| 24. widvGZi kÉGgi Pvwn`vGiLv ˆKgb nGe? K Wvb w`GK wbÁ²Mvgx L Wvb w`GK Ea»ÆMvgx M f„wg AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj N jÁ¼ AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj 25. widvGZi kÉGgi Pvwn`v e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ KviY i. gRywi e†w«¬ ii. `ÞZv e†w«¬ iii. gy`ËvÕ¹xwZ e†w«¬ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N ii I iii 26. wbGPi ˆKvbwUi Dci cÉK‡Z gRywi wbfÆikxj bq? K `vgÕ¦Gii cwieZÆb L evwYGRÅi cwieZÆb M KvGRi cÉK‡wZ N KvGRi Õ©vwqZ½ 27. kÉwgGKi `iKlvKwli ÞgZv wbfÆi KGi KxGmi Ici? K kÉwgGKi `ÞZvi L kÉwgGKi msNe«¬Zvi M wkÞvMZ ˆhvMÅZvi N ˆUÇW BDwbqGbi 28. gRywi KZ cÉKvi? K 1 cÉKvi L 2 cÉKvi M 3 cÉKvi N 4 cÉKvi wbGPi DóxcKwU cGo 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: iwngvi gGZ, f„wg I gƒjab nGjv cÉvYnxb Ro c`v^Æ| iwngvi gƒj jÞÅ nGjv Drcv`b I Dcv`vGbi gGaÅ mg¯¼q mvab Kiv| KZKàGjv gvbweK bxwZgvjv AbymiY Kiv| ˆ`Gki Afů¦Gi ‰KÕ©vb ˆ^GK AbÅÕ©vGb wk͸ cÉwZÓ¤vi DG`ÅvM MÉnY Kiv| 29. f„wg I gƒjab Ro c`v^Æ eGj msMVGbi i…c ˆKgb? K Rxe¯¦ Dcv`vb L myÓ¤z Dcv`vb M cÉvYnxb Dcv`vb N cÉvYnxb `ËeÅ 30. iwngvi gGaÅ ˆKvb cÉwZœQwe jyØvwqZ? K ˆhvMvb L Pvwn`v M msMVb N kÉg Dîi1 L 2 M 3 L 4 M 5 L 6 L 7 N 8 M 9 N 10 K 11 N 12 M 13 M 14 M 15 K 16 M 17 K 18 K 19 L 20 L 21 L 22 N 23 L 24 L 25 N 26 L 27 K 28 L 29 K 30 M

10 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. nvwjg mvGne ‰KwU Kjg KviLvbvi gvwjK| wbGÁ²i ZvwjKvi gvaÅGg nvwjg mvGnGei kÉGgi Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvb ZzGj aiv nGjvgRywi kÉGgi Pvwn`v kÉGgi ˆhvMvb 1500 UvKv 400 ‰KK 600 ‰Ki 1000 UvKv 500 ‰KK 500 ‰KK 500 UvKv 600 ‰KK 40 ‰KK K. gRywi KvGK eGj? 1 L. kÉGgi ˆhvMvb ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi Z^Å eÅenvi KGi wPGòi mvnvGhÅ kÉgevRvi fvimvgÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. kÉwgGKi Rxeb-hvòvi gvb ˆKvb gRywii Ici wbfÆi KGi eGj ˆZvgvi gGb nq? hywÚmn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 2. ˆng¯¦ ivq ‰KRb Mwie ˆjvK| Õ¨x-m¯¦vbmn Zvi Qq RGbi cwievi| cwievGi ˆm ‰KvB DcvRÆbkxj eÅwÚ| cwievGii cÉGqvRb ˆgUvGZ ˆm KLGbv AGbÅi RwgGZ KvR KGi; KLGbv evRvGi gvjvgvj enb KGi; Avevi KLGbv KviLvbvq KvR KGi| ‰me KvGRi gvaÅGg ˆh Avq nq, Zv w`Gq ˆKvGbvfvGe ˆm Zvi cwievGii Š`bw±`b cÉGqvRb ˆgUvq| K. kÉGgi Pvwn`v Kx? 1 L. Avw^ÆK gRywi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. ˆng¯¦ ivGqi KvR Kivi welqwU A^ÆbxwZi AvGjvGK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ welqwUi ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 3. iwng Zvi KviLvbvq ˆh `ËeÅ Drcv`b KGi ‰Lb Zvi `vg Kg eGj wZwb kÉwgKG`i Kg gRywi w`GœQb| KGqKRb kÉwgKI QuvUvB KGiGQb| wK¯§ Zvi cvk¼ÆeZÆx KviLvbvq Drcvw`Z `ËGeÅi `vg AGbK ˆeGo ˆMGQ| ‰ KviGY kÉwgKG`i gRywiI ˆewk w`GœQ ‰es kÉGgi ˆhvMvb e†w«¬ cvGœQ| K. Avw^ÆK gRywi KvGK eGj? 1 L. A^ÆbxwZGZ kÉgevRvi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. `ËGeÅi `vg nËvm-e†w«¬i dGj gRywii Dci wKi…c cÉfve coGe? DóxcGKi AvGjvGK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. iwng Zvi KviLvbvq KxfvGe fvimvgÅ gRywi wbaÆviY KGi? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 4. kÉGgi Pvwn`v AGcÞK, DL = 800 – 2w ‰es kÉGgi ˆhvMvb AGcÞK, SL = 300 + 3w K. kÉGgi `ÞZv Kx? 1 L. Avw^ÆK gRywi I cÉK‡Z gRywii gGaÅ `y’wU cÉavb cv^ÆKÅ ˆjGLv| 2 M. DóxcK nGZ fvimvgÅ gRywi I fvimvgÅ wbGqvGMi cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. Drcv`Gbi AvqZb e†w«¬i ˆcÉwÞGZ kÉGgi Pvwn`v e†w«¬ ˆcGj wbwYÆZ fvimvgÅ gRywii ˆÞGò wK ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb NUGe? hywÚmn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 5. MvGgÆ´Ÿm kÉwgK ˆinvbv cÉwZ N¥Ÿvq 50 UvKv wnGmGe Š`wbK 8 N¥Ÿv KvR KGi| N¥Ÿvq gRywi hLb 60 UvKv nq ZLb 9 N¥Ÿv KvR KGi wK¯§ gRywi AviI ˆeGo 80 UvKv nGj ZLb 7 N¥Ÿv KvR KGi| cÉK‡Z gRywi AwaK Abyfe KGi mµ¦vnvG¯¦ cwievGii mevBGK wbGq ˆm ˆeovGZ hvq| K. kÉGgi Pvwn`v KvGK eGj? 1 L. `vgÕ¦i «¼viv cÉK‡Z gRywi KxfvGe cÉfvweZ nq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. ˆinvbvi kÉGgi ˆhvMvb ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. kÉg I weGbv`b ˆinvbvi Ici Kx cÉfve ˆdGjGQ? Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 6. wbGPi mƒòwU jÞ KGiv ‰es mswkÐÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: cÉK‡Z gRywi (W) kÉGgi Pvwn`v (DL) kÉGgi ˆhvMvb (SL) 1 UvKv 30 ‰KK 10 ‰KK 2 UvKv 20 ‰KK 20 ‰KK 3 UvKv 10 ‰KK 30 ‰KK K. gvkÆvGji fvlvq kÉGgi msæv `vI| 1 L. cÉK‡Z gRywi ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. DóxcGKi mƒwPi Z^Å wbGq kÉGgi Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvb Aâb KGi fvimvgÅ gRywi wbaÆviY KGiv| 3 N. kÉGgi Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvGbi mgZv «¼vivB gRywi wbaÆviY mÁ¿e@ ‰ aviYvwU gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 7. ˆgvt dRjy wgTv PëMÉvg miKvwi KGjGRi `vGivqvb cG` KgÆiZ| Zvi evwlÆK ˆeZb wKQyUv e†w«¬ ˆcGjI cÉGgvkGbi ˆKvb eÅeÕ©v ˆbB| Zvi ˆQvU fvB ivRy wgTv ivOvgvwU jvBGbi ‰KwU evm ˆKvÁ·vwbi evGmi ˆnGjvcvi| eZÆgvGb ivRyi ˆeZb Kg nGjI fwelÅGZ ˆm ‰Kw`b Mvwoi mycvifvBRvi ‰es cieZxÆGZ WÈvBfvi nGj cÉK‡Z gRywi e†w«¬ cvGe| ZLb Afve AbUbI ˆm wKQyUv `ƒi KiGZ cviGe| K. Abyrcv`bkxj kÉg ejGZ Kx eyS? 1 L. evsjvG`Gk ռ͸ gRywi nvGii KviYàGjv Kx eGj gGb KGiv? 2 M. Kx Kx KviGY dRjyi cÉK‡Z gRywi Kg? 3 N. Zzwg covGjLv ˆkGl ivRkvnx miKvwi KGjGR A^ÆbxwZ wefvGM cÉfvlK cG` ˆhvM`vb ‰i ˆcÉwÞGZ ivRyi cÉvµ¦ gRywii mvG^ ˆZvgvi cÉvwµ¦i wgj I Awgj eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 8. nvwme I Zvbfxi NwbÓ¤ e®¬y| wek¼we`Åvjq nGZ cvm KGi ˆei nIqvi ci `ywU cÉwZÓ¤vGb PvKwiGZ wbhyÚ nGjv| nvwme ‰i AwdGm KvGRi Pvc ˆewk ^vKvq KZ‡ÆcÞ ZvGK ˆeZGbi cvkvcvwk evwo, ˆUwjGdvb I hvZvqvZ myweav ˆ`q| AbÅw`GK Zvbfxi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cG` ^vKGjI ˆeZGbi AwZwiÚ ˆm wKQy cvq bv| hw`I fwelÅGZ Zvi cG`v®²wZi mÁ¿vebv iGqGQ| K. cÉK‡Z gRywi Kx? 1 L. kÉGgi ˆhvMvb ˆiLv ˆKb cøvrMvgx? 2 M. DóxcGKi nvwme I ZvbfxGii Kvi cÉK‡Z gRywi ˆewk Kx? 3 N. DóxcGKi `yRb e®¬yi gRywii ZviZGgÅi ˆhŒwÚKZv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 9. ev`j ‰KwU KviLvbvq N¥Ÿvq 100 UvKv wnmvGe KvR KGi| gRywi 100 UvKv ˆ^GK e†w«¬ ˆcGq 150 UvKv nGj ˆm KviLvbvq kÉg AvGiv evwoGq ˆ`q wKQyw`b ci N¥Ÿv cÉwZ gRywi 200 UvKv nGj ˆm KviLvbvq KvR Kiv KwgGq w`Gq cwievi wbGq Õ¼RbG`i evwoGZ, cvGKÆ, ˆeovGZ hvq| K. kÉgevRvi wK? 1 L. `vgÕ¦i e†w«¬ ˆcGq cÉK‡Z gRywi nËvm cvq ˆKb? 2 M. ev`Gji ˆÞGò kÉGgi ˆhvMvb ˆiLvi AvK‡wZ mÁ·GKÆ g¯¦eÅ KGiv| 3 N. KvR I weGbv`b mÁ·GKÆ ev`Gji gGbvfve eÅvLÅv KGi ˆhvMvb ˆiLvi AvK‡wZ mÁ·GKÆ g¯¦eÅ KGiv| 4 10. wg. eËvDb ‰KRb eÅemvqx| wZwb BsjÅvG´£i Awaevmx| evsjvG`Gk ‘X’ bvgK DcKiYwU mnRjfÅ nIqvq evsjvG`Gk wewbGqvM KiGZ AvMÉnx nb| wm«¬v¯¦ Abyhvqx wZwb ‰G`Gk MvGgÆ´Ÿm wkG͸ wewbGqvM KGib| kÉwgGKi cÉwkÞGYi gvaÅGg ZvG`iGK `Þ KGi ZzjGQb dGj ZvG`i Drcv`bkxjZv eüàGY evoGQ| K. kÉgevRvi Kx? 1 L. KviLvbvi AbyK„j cwiGek kÉGgi `ÞZv e†w«¬GZ KxfvGe mnvqZv KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. wg. eËvDb evsjvG`Gk wewbGqvM KiGZ Avmvi ˆÞGò ‘X’ bvgK DcKiY KxfvGe mnvqZv KGi@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. evsjvG`Gki kÉwgKG`i `vg AvGiv e†w«¬ KiGZ DchyÚ cÉwkÞGYi weK͸ ˆbB@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 11. evsjvG`Gki kÉgkwÚi DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Ask weG`k ˆ^GK cÉPzi cwigvGY ˆiwgGU´Ö ˆcÉiY KiGQ| RvZxq AvGq ‰me ˆiwgGU´Ö ài‚Z½cƒÆY f„wgKv ivLGQ| miKvi KgÆmsÕ©vb I ˆiwgGU´Ö e†w«¬i jGÞÅ weGk¼i wewf®² AçGj Abym®¬vb PvwjGq hvGœQ| ‰Qvov miKvwi chÆvGq KgÆx ˆcÉiY, cÉevmx KjÅvY eÅvsK AvaywbKvqb, Šea PÅvGbGj ˆiwgGU´Ö ˆcÉiY BZÅvw` KvhÆKÌg AeÅvnZ ˆiGLGQ| ˆkÉwYwfwîK cÉevmx evsjvG`wk kÉwgGKi msLÅv mvj ռ͸`Þ Avav `Þ `Þ ˆckvRxex 2002 53 16 25 6 2012 62 03 35 0 K. kÉg Kx? 1 L. kÉGgi ˆhvMvGbi mvG^ gRywi nvGii mÁ·KÆ@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi Z^Å eÅenvi KGi cÉevmx kÉwgKG`i Õ¦Á¿GjL Aâb KGiv| 3 N. kÉgevRvGii D®²qGb DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆ`Gki miKvGii M†nxZ c`GÞcmgƒn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 11 gGWj 6 lÓ¤ AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. PjwZ gƒjab ˆKvbwU? K à`vg L h¯¨cvwZ M Zzjv N Ni-evwo 2. myG`i nvi ˆewk nGj mçq cÉeYZv Kx i…c nq? K evGo L KGg M kƒbÅ nq N Amxg nq 3. ‘gƒjab nGjv Drcv`Gbi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb’ @ DwÚwU Kvi? K DBKGmj L PÅvcgÅvb M gvkÆvj N eg evIqvKÆ 4. ˆh gƒjab Drcv`Gb ‰Kevi eÅen†Z nGjB wbtGkl nq ZvGK Kx eGj? K Õ©vqx gƒjab L PjwZ gƒjab M Ave«¬ gƒjab N wbgägvb gƒjab 5. gƒjab nGjv@ i. Drcvw`Z Drcv`b ii. mçGqi dj iii. mwKÌq Dcv`vb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 6. Drcv`Gbi ˆh Ask cybivq Drcv`b KvGR eÅen†Z nq ZvGK Kx eGj? K f„wg L kÉg M gƒjab N msMVb wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 7 I 8bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: evsjvG`Gki `Ë‚Z D®²wZ mvaGbi RbÅ ˆKvwiqv I PxGbi cÉZÅÞ wewbGqvM eÅGqi gvaÅGg gƒjab MwVZ nq| MZ 2013 mvGj ‰i cwigvY wQj 600 wgwjqb Wjvi Zv e†w«¬ ˆcGq 2014 mvGj `uvovq 900 wgwjqb Wjvi| 7. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK evsjvG`Gki evwlÆK gƒjab MVGbi nvi KZ? K 30% L 50% M 60% N 90% 8. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK evsjvG`Gk@ i. ŠeG`wkK wewbGqvM e†w«¬ ii. gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZv e†w«¬ iii. evwYRÅ mÁ·ÉmviY wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 9. ˆKvbwU gƒjaGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å? K gƒjab mçGqi dj L Dcv`vb ‰KwòKiY I mg®¼q mvab M gƒjab ÞYÕ©vqx Dcv`vb N gƒjab mgRvZxq 10. ‰K eÅemvq ˆ^GK AbÅ eÅemv ev ‰K wk͸ ˆ^GK AbÅ wkG͸ gƒjab Õ©vbv¯¦i nGj ZvGK Kx ejv nq? K KvieviMZ MwZkxjZv L Õ¦iMZ MwZkxjZv M Afů¦ixY MwZkxjZv N Av¯¦RÆvwZK MwZkxjZv 11. gƒjaGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv@ i. gƒjab cÉK‡wZi `vb ii. gƒjab gvbem†Ó¡ Dcv`vb iii. gƒjab MwZkxj Dcv`vb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 12. “ˆh mÁ·` ˆKvGbv Avq m†wÓ¡ KGi A^ev DcvRÆGb mnvqZv KGi ZvB gƒjab”@ˆK eGjGQb? K A^ÆbxwZwe` PÅvcgÅvb L AaÅvcK ˆR. ‰m. wgj M AaÅvcK evg-eqvKÆ N A^ÆbxwZwe` DBKGmj 13. wÕ©i mÁ·` KÌGq eÅen†Z gƒjabGK Kx aiGbi gƒjab eGj? K PjwZ gƒjab L wÕ©i gƒjab M cwieZÆbkxj gƒjab N KvhÆKix gƒjab 14. gƒjab ˆhvMvGbi cÉavb Drm KqwU? K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 15. chÆvqKÌwgK w`K w`Gq gƒjab Drcv`Gbi KZZg Dcv`vb? K cÉ^g L w«¼Zxq M Z‡Zxq N PZz^Æ 16. eÅenvGii ZviZGgÅi wfwîGZ gƒjaGbi cÉKviàGjv Kx Kx? K Õ©vqx gƒjab I PjwZ gƒjab L eÅwÚMZ gƒjab I RvZxq gƒjab M wbgwäZ gƒjab I fvmgvb gƒjab N ˆfvMÅ gƒjab I Drcv`K gƒjab 17. gƒjab MVGbi gƒj Drm Kx? K FY L mçq M ˆfvM N wewbGqvM 18. ˆjvnv, Kqjv ˆKvb gƒjaGbi D`vniY? K Abve«¬ ev fvmgvb gƒjab L Ave«¬ ev wbgägvb gƒjab M PjwZ gƒjab N RvZxq gƒjab 19. gƒjaGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv@ i. mçq nGZ m†Ó¡ ii. Drcv`bkxj iii. wbwÓ˜q Dcv`vb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 20. Õ©vqx gƒjab «¼viv Kx Kiv nq? K Õ©vqx mÁ·` wbgÆvY L Õ©vqx mÁ·` KvGR jvMvGbv M Š`bw±`b eÅq wbeÆvn N KuvPvgvj KÌq 21. KuvPvgvj Kx aiGbi gƒjab? K Õ©vqx L PjwZ M NƒYÆvqgvb N cÉK‡Z 22. KwiGgi 1wU Avg evMvb AvGQ| Kwig ˆmLvb ˆ^GK Avg Lvq, cÉwZGekxG`i ˆ`q I wewKÌ KGi gybvdv ARÆb KGi| ‰GÞGò Avg KwiGgi RbÅ ˆKvb aiGbi gƒjab? i. ˆfvMÅ gƒjab ii. AjvfRbK gƒjab iii. Drcv`K gƒjab wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi DóxcKwU cGo 23 I 24 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: avbwmuwo ˆiÕ¡zGiG´Ÿ 3 ˆejv Lvevi cwiGekb Kiv nq| ռ͸ `vGg myÕ¼vay Lvevi cwiGekGb weLÅvZ ‰ ˆiÕ¡zGiGÕ¡i LvevGii ‰KwU Ask KgÆPvixG`i RbÅ eivó ^vGK| ˆiÕ¡zGi´Ÿ NiwUi iÞYvGeÞY LiP, ˆeZb-fvZv evG` gvwjGKi ‰KwU eo Ask Avq nq| 23. ˆiÕ¡zGiG´Ÿi gƒjaGbi ˆÞGò Zzjbxq w`K nGœQ@ i. ˆfvMÅ gƒjab ii. Ave«¬ gƒjab iii. Drcv`K gƒjab wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N ii I iii 24. ˆiÕ¡zGiG´Ÿi ˆewki fvM LiP ˆKvb aiGbi gƒjab wnGmGe hywÚmãZ? K ˆfvMÅ gƒjab L Drcv`b gƒjab M PjwZ gƒjab N Õ©vqx gƒjab 25. ˆKvbwU wbgägvb gƒjab? K we`yÅr L evwo M KuvPvgvj N ˆijc^ 26. ‰KwU mgy`ËMvgx RvnvR ˆKvb aiGbi gƒjab? K RvZxq gƒjab L Av¯¦RÆvwZK gƒjab M eÅwÚMZ gƒjab N Õ©vqx gƒjab 27. gƒjaGbi MVb cÉwKÌqv KqwU Õ¦Gi wefÚ? K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 5wU 28. gƒjaGbi MVb wbfÆi KGi@ i. mçGqi mvg^ÆÅ ii. mçGqi BœQv iii. ˆfvM e†w«¬ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi DóxcKwU cGo 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: ˆmwjg ‰KwU eÅvsGK cuvP eQi `vGivqvGbi PvKwi KGiGQb| Zvi AGbK w`Gbi BœQv wZwb ‰KwU ˆUBjvGii ˆ`vKvb w`Geb| ZvB wZwb gƒjab MVGbi RbÅ A͸ A͸ KGi mçq KGiGQb| MÉvGg we`yÅr bv ^vKvq ‰Zw`b Zv mÁ¿e wQj bv| eZÆgvGb MÉvGg we`yÅr Avmvq RgvGbv UvKv w`Gq ˆmjvB ˆgwkbmn AbÅvbÅ cÉGqvRbxq h¯¨cvwZ KÌq KGi bZzb eÅemv ÷i‚ KGib| 29. ˆmwjGgi ˆmjvB ˆgwkbmn AbÅvbÅ cÉGqvRbxq h¯¨cvwZ A^ÆbxwZi cwifvlvq Kx ejv nq? K ˆhvMvb L mçq M gƒjab N wewbGqvM 30. ˆmwjGgi gƒjab e†w«¬ wbfÆi KGiGQ@ i. mçGqi mvg^ÆÅ, mçGqi BœQvi Ici ii. Drcv`b ÞgZv, cÉhywÚ I mvsMVwbK ÞgZvi Ici iii. wewbGqvGMi myGhvM I cwiGeGki Ici wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Dîi1 M 2 K 3 N 4 L 5 K 6 M 7 L 8 N 9 K 10 K 11 L 12 K 13 L 14 K 15 M 16 M 17 L 18 K 19 N 20 L 21 L 22 L 23 N 24 N 25 N 26 K 27 L 28 K 29 M 30 N

12 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. kvgxg ˆiRv ‰KRb weG`k ˆdiZ evsjvG`wk| `yevB knGi `xNÆ AvU eQi PvKwiiZ ^vKvi mgq msmvi I Š`bw±`b LiP evG` cÉwZ gvGm 50 nvRvi UvKv eÅvsGK Rgv KiGZb| ˆkl `y eQGi ˆeZb evovq wZwb gvGm 70 nvRvi UvKv Rgv KiGZb| wZwb Zvi RgvGbv UvKv cwienb eÅemvq LvUvGeb eGj gbwÕ©i KGiGQb| Zvi ˆQvU fvB ‰ eÅvcvGi mvnvhÅ KiGQb| K. gjab MVb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1 L. wewfbœ cÖKvi gjab D‡j­L K‡iv| 2 M. kvgxg ˆiRvi gvGS Kx aiGbi cÉeYZv dzGU DGUGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. `yevB ^vKv AeÕ©vq mçGqi nvGii cv^ÆGKÅi ˆhŒwÚK KviY weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 2. AvDqvj mvGne ‰KwU cvDi‚wU KviLvbvi gvwjK| wewf®² KviGY Zvi KviLvbvq ˆjvKmvb ˆ`Lv w`Gj wZwb KviLvbvi mvaviY h¯¨cvwZ, Avmevecò, fvwi I nvjKv Še`yÅwZK miévg I wkG͸i KuvPvgvj Zvi fvBGqi KviLvbvq Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ KGib ‰es fvB ‰i KviLvbv eÅenvi KGib| cieZÆxGZ Zviv ‰K mvG^ eÅemv KGi D®²wZ jvf KGib| K. PjwZ gƒjab KvGK eGj? 1 L. ˆij Bwéb ˆKvb aiGbi gƒjab? 2 M. DóxcGK gƒjaGbi ˆKvb w`KwU dzGU DGVGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ w`KwUi A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 3. KzwgÍÏv ˆRjvi Rbve iwng mvGnGei PvKwii cvkvcvwk ‰KwU cvwievwiK cÉKvkbv eÅemv AvGQ| mG¯¦vlRbK ˆeZb bv cvIqvq wZwb PvKwi ˆ^GK Aemi MÉnY KGib ‰es 60 jvL UvKv Aemi myweav cvb| ‰ UvKvi gGaÅ 10 jvL UvKv cvwievwiK eÅGqi RbÅ ivGLb| 10 jvL UvKvq ‰KwU evwo ŠZwi KGib| 20 jvL UvKvq BGjÙÇwbK gvGKÆGU ‰KwU ˆ`vKvb KÌq KGib| 10 jvL UvKvq H ˆ`vKvGb weKÌGqi RbÅ BGjÙÇwbK cYÅ wKGbb| AewkÓ¡ UvKvq ‰KwU Rwg KÌq KGib| DGÍÏLÅ ˆh, cÉKvkbv eÅemv jvfRbK bv nIqvq wZwb ‰ eÅemv 8 jÞ UvKvq wewKÌ KGi DÚ UvKvq fvovi DGóGkÅ ‰KwU gvBGKÌvevm KÌq KGib, ˆhwU 2,000 UvKvq Š`wbK fvovi wfwîGZ PGj| K. gƒjab ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1 L. Lwbi cÉvK‡wZK MÅvm ˆKb gƒjab bq? 2 M. iwng mvGnGei Õ©vqx gƒjab wPwn×Z KGi Zvi cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK gƒjaGbi ˆKvb ˆKvb aiGbi MwZkxjZv m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 4. Šmq`cyi DcGRjvi ˆgvLGQ`yj Bmjvg jÞ KiGjb ˆ`Gk Pviv MvGQi Pvwn`v e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| ZvB ˆm ‰KwU bvmÆvwi Õ©vcGbi wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY Kij| wm«¬v¯¦ ˆgvZvGeK cwiK͸bv wbGq bvmÆvwi Õ©vcGbi c`GÞc MÉnY Kij| ˆ`Gki D®²qGb bvmÆvwi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi ‰es Drcv`Gb gƒjaGbi KvhÆvewj AviI AwaK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| ˆgvKGQ`yj BmjvGgi wewf®² aiGbi gƒjaGbi cÉGqvRb, hv Zvi wbKU AchÆvµ¦| K. gƒjab Kx? 1 L. gƒjaGbi ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn DGÍÏL KGiv| 2 M. ˆgvKGQ`yj BmjvGgi bvmÆvwii RbÅ KxGmi cÉGqvRb eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. ˆgvKGQ`yj BmjvGgi bvmÆvwiGZ gƒjaGbi KvhÆvewj weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 5. wg. ‘K’ I wg. ‘L’ DfqB ‰KB gvGbi `yBwU KGcÆvGiU ˆKvÁ·vwbi eÅeÕ©vcK wnGmGe PvKwi ˆkl KGiGQb| Zviv ‰KB aiGbi Avw^ÆK myweav ˆfvM KGiGQb| ZGe wg. ‘K’ eZÆgvbGK cÉvavbÅ w`Gq Rxeb aviY Kivq, PvKwi ˆkGl Zvi ˆKvGbv mwçZ gƒjab ^vKj bv| dGj Zvi cwieviGK wbGq Avw^ÆK Š`bÅ`kvq coGZ nGjv| ZGe wg. ‘L’ wewf®²fvGe mçq e†w«¬i gvaÅGg ˆek gƒjab Rgv KGiGQb| wg. ‘L’ ‰B gƒjab Avevi Drcv`bkxj LvGZ wewbGqvMI KGiGQb| dGj Zvi Avq evoGQ| K. gƒjab welGq eg evIqvKÆ ‰i msævwU ˆjGLv| 1 L. Abve«¬ gƒjab wK? D`vniYmn ˆjLv| 2 M. wg. ‘L’ ‰i gƒjab MVb cÉwKÌqv AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3 N. wg. ‘L’ ‰i gƒjab MVb cÉwKÌqvi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki gƒjab MVGbi ˆKvb cv^ÆKÅ AvGQ Kx bv? hywÚmn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 6. wg. iwng ‰KwU ˆeKvwii gvwjK| weMZ 15 eQi aGi wZwb ˆeKvwiwU cwiPvjbv KiGQb| ˆKK, weÕ•zU I ˆeËWmn bvbv `ËeÅ ŠZwi KiGZ cÉvqB wZwb gq`v, wWg, BÕ¡mn bvbv DcKiY KÌq KGib| wK¯§ weMZ 15 eQi hver Zvi gƒj h¯¨ AGfbàGjvi ˆKvb cwieZÆb KGibwb| K. gƒjab Kx? 1 L. Õ©vqx gƒjab KvGK eGj? 2 M. wg. iwng Zvi ˆeKvwiGZ Kx Kx PjwZ gƒjab eÅenvi KGib, Zvi ‰KwU ZvwjKv ŠZwi KGiv| 3 N. wg. iwnGgi ˆeKvwiGZ eÅen†Z AGfb ˆKvb aiGbi gƒjab? Õ©vqx ‰es wbgwäZ gƒjaGbi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 7. A ˆ`Gk 1 Rvbyqvwi 2012 mvGj ˆgvU gƒjaGbi cwigvY wQj 50,000 ˆKvwU UvKv| 1 Rvbyqvwi 2013 mvGj H ˆ`Gk gƒjaGbi cwigvY `uvovq 60,000 ˆKvwU UvKv| ZvQvov H ‰K eQi mgGq gƒjaGbi ÞqÞwZRwbZ eÅq 3,000 ˆKvwU UvKv| ˆ`kwU 2016 mvGji gGaÅ ˆgvU gƒjaGbi cwigvY 2 jÞ ˆKvwU UvKv jÞÅgvòv MÉnY KGiGQ| ˆmB mvG^ miKvi mçGqi Ici Ki nvi nËvm, AvgvbGZi myG`i nvi nËvm, wkÞvi cÉmvi I wewbGqvM myweav mÁcÉmviGYi c`GÞc MÉnY KGiGQ| K. gƒjab KvGK eGj? 1 L. ivR‹bwZK wÕ©wZkxjZv KxfvGe gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZvi Ici cÉfve ˆdGj? 2 M. DóxcGKi wÕ©wZkxjZv KxfvGe gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZvi Ici cÉfve ˆdGj? 3 N. ˆ`kwU 2016 mvGji gGaÅ gƒjaGbi jÞÅgvòv cƒiGY miKvGii M†nxZ c`GÞcàGjv h^v^Æ Kx? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 8. PëMÉvGgi bvjvcvovi wicb ˆfŒwgK ‰KRb abvXÅ eÅemvqx| KzwgÍÏvi gyiv`bMGi Zvi MÉvGgi evwoGZ wMGq ˆ`LGjb ‰LGbv MÉvGgi gvbyl euvGki gGaÅ gvwU I wUGbi cvGò UvKv mçq KGi| wZwb Z`wei KGi Zvi MÉvGg ‰KwU cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK eÅvsGKi kvLv LyjGjb| wZwb wek¼vm KGib, ‰i…c cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK eÅvsK Õ©vcb Qvov MÉvgxY A^ÆbxwZ `ƒp wfwî cvGe bv| K. gƒjab Kx? 1 L. Õ©vqx I PjwZ gƒjaGbi gGaÅ 2wU cv^ÆKÅ ˆjGLv| 2 M. DóxcGKi Z`weGii DGókÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. wicb ˆfŒwgK mvGnGei wek¼vGmi mvG^ Zzwg wK ‰KgZ ˆcvlY KGiv? ˆKb? 4 9. wg: ü wRs ˆKvwiqvb bvMwiK| mvfvi EPZ-‰ wZwb ‰KwU RyZvi KviLvbv Õ©vcb KGiGQb| evsjvG`Gk wewbGqvM Kivi KviY wRævmv Kiv nGj wZwb eGjb, ‰LvGb kÉg I KuvPvgvj mÕ¦vq cvIqv hvq| Kg A^Æ w`Gq ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe ˆewk Wjvi cvIqv hvq| AGcÞvK‡Z Kg eÅGq KviLvbv Õ©vcb Kiv hvq| K. gƒjaGbi ˆhvMvb Kx? 1 L. KuvPvgvjGK ˆKb PjwZ gƒjab ejv nq? 2 M. evsjvG`Gk wg. ü wRs ‰i gƒjab MVb KxfvGe cÉfvweZ nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZv cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 10. evsjvG`Gki gvbyGli gv^vwcQy Avq D®²Z ˆ`Gki gvbyl AGcÞv Kg weavq mçq cÉeYZvi nviI Kg hv gƒjab MVb I wewbGqvGMi gGZv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ welqGK evavMÉÕ¦ KiGQ| mçGqi cwigvY e†w«¬ Kivi ˆÞGò gv^vwcQy Avq e†w«¬B hG^Ó¡ bq| AvbylwãK AviI wKQy welGqi cÉwZ I `†wÓ¡ ˆ`qv Ri‚wi| AbÅw`GK myG`i wewbgGq RbMY ˆh wewbGqvM KGi hv FYGhvMÅ Znwej wnGmGe cwiMwYZ nq Zvi ˆhvMvb wbwøZ KivI AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| K. BmyÅK‡Z gƒjab ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 1 L. Õ©vqx I PjwZ gƒjaGbi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ Kx? 2 M. gƒjab MVGbi ˆÞGò AvbylwãK Avi ˆKvb welGqi cÉwZ `†wÓ¡ ˆ`qv Ri‚wi eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi ˆkl jvBGb ˆh welqwUi BwãZ ˆ`qv nGqGQ Zvi cÉK‡wZ wbiƒcY KGiv| 4 11. Pvi e®¬y iwng, Kwig, mvRy I myRb XvKvq ‰KwU ‹Zwi ˆcvkvK KviLvbvi gvwjK| Zviv ˆÕ¼œQvq KviLvbvwU e®¬ Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ wbj ‰es cÉGZÅGK cÉGZÅGKi jvGfi Ask eyGS wbj| wg. iwng Zvi gƒjab wbGq wbR MÉvg iscyGi ‰KwU eÅemvq ÷i‚ Kij| wg. Kwig I wg, mvRy ‰KGò ZvG`i gƒjab AvGiKwU wk͸KviLvbvq wewbGqvM Kij ‰es wg. myRb Zvi gƒjab Pv evMvb ŠZwiGZ wewbGqvM Kij| K. fvmgvb gjab Kx? 1 L. ¯’vqx gjab ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DóxcGK ˆKvb cwieZÆGbi w`K ZzGj aiv nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi ZzGj aiv cwieZÆGbi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 13 gGWj 7 mµ¦g AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. Enterpreneur ˆKvb kõ ˆ^GK ‰GmGQ? K wMÉK kõ L divwm kõ M jÅvwUb kõ N wneË‚ kõ 2. ˆKvbwU msMVGKi KvR bq? K DcKiY msMÉn Kiv L cwiK͸bv cÉYqb Kiv M `ËGeÅi evRviRvZKiY N myG`i nvi wbaÆviY Kiv 3. f„wg, kÉg, gƒjab cÉf‡wZ Dcv`vbGK ‰Kò KGi ZvG`i KvGRi gGaÅ mg®¼q mvab KivGK Kx eGj? K Drcv`b L DcGhvM M msMVb N gƒjab wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 4 I 5 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Rbve bRi‚j Bmjvg 10,000 UvKv gƒjab wbGq ‰KwU bvmÆvwi MGo ˆZvGjb ‰es dzGji Pviv wewKÌ KGi msmvGi Avw^ÆK mœQjZv AvGbb| wK¯§ ‰ eQi ˆiŒG`Ë AGbK Pviv gviv hvq| cƒGeÆi mwçZ Avq w`Gq bvmÆvwi mÁ·ÉmviY KGib| 4. Rbve bRi‚j BmjvGgi eÅemv ˆKvb aiGbi? K eÅwÚMZ L ‰KgvwjKvbv M mgevq N mvgvwRK 5. Rbve bRi‚j Bmjvg ‰i eÅemvq Amyweav nGjv@ i. ռ͸ gƒjab ii. wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnGY wejÁ¼ iii. SzuwKi AvwaKÅ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, iiI iii 6. gvwjKvbvi wfwîGZ eÅemvq msMVbGK Kq fvGM fvM Kiv hvq? K 2 fvGM L 3 fvGM M 4 fvGM N 5 fvGM 7. eÅemvq ev wk͸ cÉwZÓ¤vb cwiPvjbv KGib ˆK? K gvwjK L DG`ÅvÚv M kÉwgK N cÉkvmb 8. Askx`vwi KievGi KZRb m`mÅ ^vGK? K 2 ˆ^GK 20 L 5 ˆ^GK 25 M 2 ˆ^GK 25 N 5 ˆ^GK 20 9. msMVGbi KvR nGjv@ i. evRviRvZKiY ii. SzuwK MÉnY iii. weKÌq Kiv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, iiI iii 10. Drcv`Gbi DcKiY msMÉGni cÉwKÌqvGK Kx eGj? K msMVb L msMVK M gƒjab N mg¯¼q mvab 11. bƒÅbZg 2 Rb ‰es mGeÆvœP 20 Rb eÅwÚ eÅemvwqK DGóGkÅ PzwÚe«¬ nGj ZvGK Kx eGj? K Askx`vwi Kvievi L cÉvBGfU wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwb M cvewjK wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwb N ‰KK gvwjKvbv Kvievi 12. `yB ev ZGZvwaK eÅwÚ ˆÕ¼œQvq PzwÚe«¬ nGq ˆKvb Kvievi cÉwZÓ¤v KiGj ZvGK wK eGj? K ‰KgvwjKvbv Kvievi L Askx`vwi Kvievi M ˆhŒ^ gƒjab Kvievi N mgevq Kvievi wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 13 I 14bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: KGqK e®¬y ‰KGò ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vb MVb KGi| cÉwZÓ¤vGbi cÉwZ mgvb `vwqZ½ I AwaKvi AvGQ| cÉGZÅGKi Kg cwigvY gƒjab cÉ`vb KGiGQ ‰es ciÕ·Gii mnGhvwMZvi wfwîGZ Zviv cÉwZÓ¤vbwU cwiPvjbv KGi| 13. cÉwZÓ¤vbwU Kx aiGbi eÅemvq cÉwZÓ¤vb? K ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx Kvievi L mgevq eÅemvq cÉwZÓ¤vb M ‰KgvwjKvbv Kvievi N Askx`vwi Kvievi 14. mgevq Kvievi ‰i cÉavb ŠewkÓ¡Å i. mgZvi bxwZ ii. ŠbwZKZv I KZÆeÅcivqYZv iii. miKvwi gvwjKvbv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 15. Drcv`Gbi DcKiYmgƒGni gGaÅ mg¯¼q KvRwU KGib ˆK? K f„wgi gvwjK L kÉGgi gvwjK M gƒjaGbi gvwjK N msMVK 16. ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx ˆKvÁ·vwbi gvwjKvbv jfÅvsk cvq KxfvGe? K PzwÚ Abyhvqx L ˆkqvi AbycvGZ M mgvb AbycvGZ N AvBb Abyhvqx 17. evsjvG`Gk Õ¼vqîkvwmZ cÉwZÓ¤vbàGjvi gGaÅ AbÅZg nGjv@ i. evsjvG`k wPwb I Lv`Å wk͸ KGcÆvGikb ii. evsjvG`k Þz`Ë I KzwUi wk͸ msÕ©v iii. evsjvG`k chÆUb msÕ©v wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 18. gvwjK-kÉwgK-‰i gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ ˆbB@ K Askx`vwi KvievGi L ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx KvievGi M mgevq cÉwZÓ¤vGb N ‰bwRIGZ 19. ‰KgvwjKvbv KvievGii Amyweav ˆKvbwU? K AMYZvw¯¨K cwiPvjbv L `ybÆxwZ I Õ¼RbcÉxwZ M SzuwKi AvwaKÅ N msMVb RwUjZv wbGPi DóxcKwU co ‰es 20 I 21 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| KvGmg mvGne Zvi 5 e®¬yGK wbGq gƒjab msMÉn KGi ‰KwU Kvievi cÉwZwÓ¤Z I cwiPvjbv KGi AvmGQb| eQi ˆkGl Zviv gƒjab AbycvGZ jvf-ˆjvKmvGbi wnmve ˆcGq ^vGKb| 20. DóxcGK DwjÐwLZ msMVbwU ˆKvb aiGbi msMVb? K ‰KgvwjKvbv Kvievi L Askx`vwi Kvievi M ivÓ¡Èvqî cÉwZÓ¤vb N Õ¼vqîkvwmZ cÉwZÓ¤vb 21. DóxcGK ˆh aiGbi msMVGbi DGjÐL Kiv nGqGQ Zvi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv@ i. cviÕ·wiK AvÕ©v I wek¼vm ii. `je«¬ cÉGPÓ¡v iii. m`mÅ msLÅv meÆwbg³ 2 Rb ‰es mGeÆvœP 20 Rb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 22. ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx KvievGi KxfvGe gƒjab msMÉn Kiv nq? K ˆhŒ^fvGe cyuwR mieivn KGi L eÅvsK ˆ^GK FYcò weKÌq KGi M ˆkqvi I FYcò weKÌq KGi N cwiPvjKMY cyuwR mieivn KGi 23. NGO ‰i cƒYÆ bvg Kx? K Not Govt. organization L Non Government organization M None Govt. Organization N None Govt. Organization 24. evsjvG`Gk cÉ^g NGO cÉwZÓ¤vZvi bvg Kx? K W. gynvÁÃ` BDbym L Avwe` nvmvb M nvRx kwiqZzÍÏvn N mÅvi dRGj nvmvb AvGe` 25. eËÅvK KxfvGe FY`vb KgÆmƒwP cvjb KGi? K wkÞvi gvaÅGg L D®²qGbi gvaÅGg M Õ¼vGÕ©Åi gvaÅGg N KgÆmƒwPi gvaÅGg 26. hviv f„wg, kÉg, gƒjab msMÉn KGi ZvG`iGK Kx eGj? K msMVb L msMVK M eÅeÕ©vcK N kÉwgK 27. msMVb ‰KwU i. Drcv`Gbi AbÅZg DcKiY ii. wegƒZÆ aviYv iii. Drcvw`Z DcKiY wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 28 I 29 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: ingZ Avjx Zvi bZyb KviLvbvi RbÅ ˆgwkbcò, KuvPvgvj I AbÅvbÅ AvbylwãK `ËeÅvw` KÌq KGi ˆ`LGjb ˆh, kÉg wbGqvGMi RbÅ Avi ˆKvGbv A^Æ ˆbB| 28. ingZ Avjxi ˆKvb KvRwUGZ A`ÞZv cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ? K kÉg msMÉGni L mg¯¼Gqi M gƒjab msMÉGni N cwiPvjbvi 29. ingZ Avjxi ‰Lb hv Kiv DwPZ Zv nGjv i. cwiK͸bv Kiv ii. gƒjab msMÉn Kiv iii. Drcv`b Pvjy Kiv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 30. MVb I KvhÆvewji Ici wfwî KGi msMVb KZ cÉKvi? K 2 cÉKvi L 3 cÉKvi M 4 cÉKvi N 5 cÉKvi Dîi1 L 2 N 3 M 4 L 5 L 6 N 7 L 8 K 9 K 10 K 11 K 12 L 13 L 14 K 15 N 16 L 17 N 18 M 19 M 20 L 21 N 22 M 23 L 24 N 25 N 26 L 27 N 28 L 29 M 30 M

14 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. gbmyi mÁ·ÉwZ covGjLv ˆkl KGiGQ| Zvi evevi cÉPzi UvKv I RvqMv Rwg iGqGQ| ˆm PvKwi bv KGi ‰KwU KviLvbv Õ©vcb Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq| f„wg, kÉg I gƒjab mn hveZxq DcKiGYi mvnvGhÅ ˆm Drcv`b KvhÆ ÷i‚ KGi| ˆm cÉwZwU DcKiGYi myÓ¤zfvGe mg®¼q mvaGbi gvaÅGg jvfRbK fvGe Drcv`b KvhÆKÌg cwiPvjbv KiGQ| K. miKvwi msMVb Kx? 1 L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi `vq Amxg †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 M. DóxcGKi AvwbGmi gGZv Drcv`bKvixGK A^ÆbxwZGZ Kx eGj? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Drcv`b KvGhÆ gbmyGii KvhÆvewj weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 2. ivGmj, ingvb I KvG`i 5 Rb e®¬y wgGj ‰KwU eÅemvq msMVb MGo ˆZvGj| Zviv meÆmÁÃwZKÌGg ivGmjGK msMVbwU wbq¯¨GYi `vwqZ½ ‰es h^vKÌGg cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ½ ˆ`q| ZvG`i msMVGbi PzwÚGZ DGÍÏL ^vGK ˆh, ZvG`i eÅemvq jvf ˆjvKmvb hv nGe Zviv mevB mgvb fvGM wbGe| K. ‰KgvwjKvbv Kvievi Kx? 1 L. DG`ÅvÚv ejGZ Kx eyS? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGK ivGmj Zvi e®¬yG`i wbGq ˆh msMVbwU MGo ˆZvGj Zvi aviYv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK eÅemvq msMVbwU ˆh cÉK‡wZi msMVb Zvi ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 3. Kwig mv‡n‡ei ‰KwU ˆQvU ˆ`vKvb AvGQ| ˆ`vKvbwU cwiPvjbv I wbq¯¨GYi `vwqZ½ wZwb ‰KvB cvjb KGib| gƒjaGbi NvUwZi KviGY wZwb ˆ`vKvbwU mÁ·ÉmviY KiGZ cviwQGjb bv| Zvi ‰K e®¬y Zvi mvG^ KvR KiGZ AvMÉnx ^vKvq ‰es ˆ`vKvbwU mÁ·ÉmviGYi DGóGkÅ wZwb Zvi e®¬yi mvG^ PzwÚGZ Ave«¬ nb| K. D‡`¨vM ej‡Z Kx †evS ? L. D‡`¨vM I D‡`¨v³v kã `ywU GKwU Ab¨wUi mv‡_ RwoZ †Kb? M. Kwig mvGne cÉ^Gg ˆKvb aiGbi KvievGi wbhyÚ wQGjb? myweav I AmyweavmnKvGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK AvGjvwPZ KvieviàGjv ŠewkÓ¡ÅmnKvGi weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 4. ˆngv wek¼we`Åvjq ˆkl KGi PvKwii wcQGb bv QzGU ‰KwU eywUK KviLvbv cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| Zvi KviLvbvq 7Rb kÉwgK KvR KGi| wZwb ‰KvB eÅemvi DcKiY msMÉn KGib ‰es eÅeÕ©vcbvi `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib| cÉ^g eQi 3 jÞ UvKv gybvdv nGj wZwb Zvi eÅemvq AvGiv mÁcÉmvwiZ KGib| ‰ eÅemvi SuywK ZvGK ‰KKfvGe enb KiGZ nq| K. AvqZ‡b †QvU nq †Kvb e¨emvq msMVb? 1 L. `jMZ Gb‡Uª‡cÖbviwk‡ci `ywU ˆewkó¨ ˆjL| 2 M. ˆngvi cÉwZÓ¤vbwU ˆKvb gvwjKvbvaxb eÅemvq cÉwZÓ¤vb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ eÅemvq-cÉwZÓ¤vGbi ˆKvb ˆKvb w`KwU ˆZvgvi wbKU AwaK cQ±`? hywÚ `vI| 4 5. gvwbK wgqv I Zvi 15Rb e®¬y wgGj ‰KwU Kvievi MVb KGiGQ| hv ˆ`kxq AvBGbi AvIZvq MwVZ| ZvG`i Kvievi mÁ·ÉmviGYi RbÅ gƒjaGbi ‰KwU Ask weKÌGqi RbÅ cÉPvi eve` eÅq KGi ^vGK| ‰GZ AGbK ˆjvK Drmvnx nq ‰es KvievGii gvwjKvbv jvf KGi| K. msMVK KvGK eGj? 1 L. msMVGbi ŠewkÓ¡ÅàGjv Kx? 2 M. gvwbK wgqv I Zvi e®¬yG`i KvievGii cÉK‡wZ eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ KvieviwUi A^ÆmsÕ©vGbi DcvqàGjv eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 6. XvKvi A`ƒGi ‰KwU MÉvGg evey ‰es Zvi Õ¨x nvmy ˆeMg ‘K^vKwj wkÞv wbGKZb’ bvGg ‰KwU we`Åvjq MGo ˆZvGjb| Zviv MÉvGgi myweavewçZ I Mwie wk÷G`i ‰es eqÕ• ˆjvK I kÉwgKG`i covGkvbvi eÅeÕ©v KGi AvmGQb 2008 mvGji gvPÆ gvm ˆ^GK| ZvG`i wbGRi A^Æ w`Gq eB, ˆÕÏU, ˆcbwmj, eÐvKGevWÆmn AGbK wkÞv DcKiY KÌq KGiGQb| K. NGO-‰i cƒYÆi…c Kx? 1 L. msMVK wnGmGe NGO f„wgKv DGjÐL KGiv| 2 M. evey I nvmy ˆeMGgi DG`ÅvM KZUzKz mv^ÆK nGqGQ Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. evey I nvmy ˆeMGgi gGZv ‰G`Gki NGO-àGjv wkÞv weÕ¦vGi ˆh f„wgKv ivLGQ Zv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 7. wbGPi welqwUi AvGjvGK cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: ‘K’ Kvievi cÉvBGfU wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwb cvewjK wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwb K. ˆkqvi Kx? 1 L. msMVbGK ‘wk͸vwabvqK’ ejv nq ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcGKi KvievGii ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ KvievGii gƒjab msMÉGni Dcvq weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 8. gyRvwn` Zvi AviI Pvi e®¬yGK wbGq nvDwRs ˆWGfjcGg´Ÿ ˆKvÁ·vwb MVb KGi| Zviv ZvG`i gƒjabGK Þz`Ë Þz`Ë ‰KGK wefÚ KGi| cÉGZÅGK KZàGjv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ‰KGKi gvwjK| Zviv ZvG`i ˆKvÁ·vwbi wbe®¬b KGi| Zviv AevGa ˆkqvi weKÌq KiGZ cvGi| K. msMVb Kx? 1 L. DG`ÅvÚvi cÉavb KvR Kx? 2 M. DóxcGK gyRvwnG`i Kvievi Kx aiGbi Kvievi? wbi…cY Ki| 3 N. Kvievi cwiwa e†w«¬i RbÅ gyRvwn`iv KxfvGe gƒjab msMÉn KiGZ cvGi? weGkÏlY Ki| 4 9. Avwbm mvGne ‰KRb DG`ÅvÚv| wZwb Drcv`Gbi hveZxq SzuwK MÉnY KGib| wZwb LyeB `Þ I mvnmx| wZwb memgq ˆPÓ¡v KGib evRvGii Pvwn`vbyhvqx `ËeÅ Drcv`b KiGZ| Zvi DG`Åvgx gGbvfve, my`ƒi cÉmvix wP¯¦v I BwZevPK wm«¬vG¯¦i KviGY KvievGi cÉPzi gybvdv ARÆb nq| dGj Zvi eÅemvq mybvg w`Gb w`Gb evoGQ| K. Askx`vwi Kvievi Kx? 1 L. msMVb I msMVGKi gGaÅ cÉavb `ywU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2 M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ Avwbm mvGne Zvi eÅemvq mGeÆmeÆv@ eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. Avwbm mvGnGei eÅemvi cÉK‡wZ eÅvLÅv Ki| 4 10. Rwjj mvGne ‰KwU KviLvbvi gvwjK| wZwb wbGRB mewKQz ˆ`LvGkvbv KGib| Zvi cÉwZÓ¤vGb kÉwgK, KgÆPvix QvovI ‰KRb `Þ gÅvGbRviI AvGQ| ZviciI Rwjj mvGneGKB mewKQz Z`viwK KiGZ nq| jvf-ˆjvKmvbmn me SzuwK ZvGK enb KiGZ nq| mvsMVwbK `ÞZv I `ƒi`wkÆZvi KviGYB Zvi cÉwZÓ¤vGb mvdjÅ ‰GmGQ| K. ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx Kvievi KvGK eGj? 1 L. msMVb KxfvGe SzuwK enb KGi? 2 M. Rwjj mvGnGei eÅemvwqK mvdGjÅi gƒj kwÚ Kx? 3 N. ‰KRb `Þ msMVKGK myÓ¤zfvGe eÅemvq cwiPvjbvi RbÅ Kx Kx Kiv `iKvi? 4 11. wjUb wgqv evsjvG`k K‡wl wek¼we`Åvjq ˆ^GK ˆjLvcov ˆkl KGi ‰KwU gyiwMi Lvgvi Õ©vcb KGib| LvgvGi wZwb w`b ivZ cwikÉg KGib| Zvi LvgvGii mvdjÅ Pviw`GK QwoGq cGoGQ| ZvB wZwb evRvGii mÁ·ÉmviGYi K^v fveGQb| K. ˆKvb KvievGi 'Single Entry' c«¬wZGZ wnmve ivLv nq? 1 L. Drcv`b ˆÞGò msMVGKi KvR Kx? 2 M. wjUb wgqv eÅemvq ˆÞGò KxfvGe gƒjaGbi eÅeÕ©v KGi ^vGKb Zv eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. wjUb wgqv Zvi LvgvGi KxfvGe SzuwK nËvm KiGZ cvGi eGj Zzwg gGb Ki| 4

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 15 gGWj 8 AÓ¡g AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. f„wg eÅenvi Kivi RbÅ eÅenviKvix f„wgi gvwjKGK meÆmvKzGjÅ ˆh eÅenvigƒjÅ cÉ`vb KGi ZvGK Kx eGj? K PzwÚe«¬ LvRbv L A^Æ‹bwZK LvRbv M wbaÆvwiZ LvRbv N ˆgvU LvRbv 2. f„wgi gvwjKvbv AeÅvnZ ivLvi RbÅ miKviGK wK w`GZ nq? K wd L fÅvU M LvRbv N Ki wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 3 I 4 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ˆmwjg ‰KwU miKvwi cÉwZÓ¤vGb 4^Æ ˆkÉwYi KgÆPvix wnGmGe KgÆiZ AvGQb| Zv QvovI ˆm ŠcwòK mƒGò knGii cvGk ˆekwKQy Rwgi gvwjK I nGqGQb| ZvB msmvi PvjvGbvi RbÅ ZvGK wP¯¦v KiGZ nq bv| ˆmwjg webv cwikÉGgB AGbK UvKv Avq KGib| 3. DwÍÏwLZ AbyGœQG` ˆmwjGgi AvqGK ˆKvb aiGbi Avq eGj? K AbycvwRÆZ Avq L LvRbv M fvov N gybvdv 4. Kx KviGY DÚ Avq e†w«¬ cvq? K Rwgi Õ©vb knGii cvGk L Rwgi Õ©vb MÉvGg M Rwg ˆ^GK Avq Kg N Rwg ˆ^GK LvRbv Kg 5. ˆKvb Avq e†w«¬i RbÅ Rwgi gvwjKG`i ˆKvb ˆPÓ¡v KiGZ nq bv? K DcvwRÆZ Avq L AbycvwRÆZ nq M eÅwÚMZ Avq N ˆhŒ^ Avq 6. Drcv`b myGhvM eÅGqi AwZwiÚ AvqGK Kx eGj? K LvRbv L AbycvwRÆZ Avq M wbU LvRbv N wbg LvRbv 7. ˆKvb aviYvwUi mvG^ ‘cwieZÆbkxj eÅq’ mÁ·wKÆZ? K ռ͸Kvj L wbg LvRbv M ˆgvU LvRbv N wbU LvRbv 8. ˆKb h¯¨cvwZ Õ¼vfvweK AvGqi ˆPGq AwZwiÚ Avq jvGf mÞg? K miévGgi RbÅ L wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi RbÅ M D«¼†Gîi RbÅ N AwÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi RbÅ 9. wbg LvRbvi D«¿veK ˆK? K ˆWwfW wiKvGWÆv L gvkÆvj M RRÆ wÕ¡Mjvi N ˆRvqvb iwebm 10. AvgRvG`i ˆgvU LvRbv ˆ^GK my`, gRywi I gybvdv ev` w`Gj hv AewkÓ¡ ^vGK ZvB LvRbv, ‰ LvRbvi mvG^ ˆKvbwUi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ? K ˆgvU LvRbv L we÷«¬ LvRbv M PzwÚe«¬ LvRbv N A^Æ‹bwZK LvRbv 11. DeÆiZvi wfwîGZ f„wgGK wiKvGWÆv Kq ˆkÉwYGZ fvM KGiGQb? K 2 fvGM L 3 fvGM M 4 fvGM N 5 fvGM 12. wbg LvRbv nGjv@ i. MR = SMC ii. TR < TVC iii. TR TVC wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i,iiI iii 13. f„wgi gvwjKvbv AeÅvnZ ivLvi RbÅ miKviGK Kx ˆ`Iqv nq? K LvRbv L Ki M wd N fÅvU 14. wbg LvRbv aviYvwU nGjv i. KÑvwmKÅvj ii. wbI KÑvwmKÅvj iii. ռ͸Ggqvw` wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I iii N ii I iii wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 15 I 16 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| AvØvm Avjx ‰KRb K‡lK| wZwb knGi emevmiZ myRv wgqvi wZb weNv Rwg Pvl KGib| ‰ KviGY myRv wgqvGK wZwb eQGi 6000 UvKv cÉ`vb KGib| ‰K eQi cÉvK‡wZK `yGhÆvGMi KviGY Rwgi AwaKvsk dmjB bÓ¡ nGq hvq| myRv wgqv NUbvwU RvbGZ ˆcGi H eQi AvØvm Avjxi KvQ ˆ^GK ˆKvb UvKv wbGjb bv| 15. myRv wgqvi Rwgi LvRbvi nvi KZ? K 6000 UvKv L 4000 UvKv M 3000 UvKv N 2000 UvKv 16. ‰K eQi myRv wgqv Rwgi LvRbv wbGjb bv, ‰i cÉK‡Z KviY i. H eQi ˆZgb dmj nqwb ii. wZwb `qvjy wQGjb iii. Zvi gGaÅ gvbeZv wQj wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N ii I iii 17. ˆKvGbv DcKiGYi ˆhvMvb wÕ©i ˆ^GK DÚ DcKiY ˆ^GK ˆh Avq nq ZvGK Kx eGj? K ˆgvU LvRbv L wbU LvRbv M wbg LvRbv N DcvwRÆZ Avq 18. ˆWwfW wiKvGWÆvi gGZ Rwg Kq aiGbi? K 2 aiGbi L 3 aiGbi M 4 aiGbi N 5 aiGbi wiKvGWÆvi LvRbv Zî½ AbymiGY wbGPi ZvwjKvi AvGjvGK 19 I 20 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| Rwgi ˆkÉwY avGbi ˆgvU Drcv`b LvRbv 1g ˆkÉwY 50 gY .......... 2q ˆkÉwY 40 gY .......... 3q ˆkÉwY 30 gY .......... 19. 3q ˆkÉwYi Rwgi LvRbv KZ? K 30 gY L 20 gY M 10 gY N kƒbÅ 20. wiKvGWÆvi LvRbv ZGî½i AbywgZ kZÆ nGjv i. Rwgi ˆhvMvb `vg AvGQ ii. Rwgi ˆÞGò KÌgnËvmgvb Drcv`b wewa KvhÆKi iii. Rwgi ˆhvMvb mxgve«¬ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 21. LvRbvi mGã KqwU cÞ RwoZ? K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 22. Rwgi ˆhvMvb wKi…c? K Amxg L mxgve«¬ M mvgvbÅ e†w«¬ Kiv hvq N mvgvbÅ AGcÞv ˆewk e†w«¬ Kiv hvq 23. wbg LvRbvi mƒò ˆKvbwU? K QR = TR TVC L QR = TR TC M QR = ARXQ NQR=TR AVC 24. ˆgvU weKÌqjº¬ Avq @ (gRywi + my` + gybvdv + Ki) = ? K ˆgvU LvRbv L wbU LvRbv M AbycvwRÆZ Avq N wbg LvRbv 25. LvRbv gƒjZ@ i. f„wg eÅenvGii gƒjÅ ii. f„wg ˆ^GK Drcv`Gbi ‰KwU Ask iii. Rwg, evwo ˆ`vKvbNi wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 26. wiKvGWÆvi gGZ ˆhme KviGY LvRbvi Drcwî nq@ i. f„wgi AwÕ©wZÕ©vcK ˆhvMvb ii. f„wgi DeÆiZvi cv^ÆKÅ iii. f„wgi KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewai KvhÆKvwiZv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 27. “LvRbv nGjv Rwgi Drcv`Gbi ˆm Ask hv Rwgi Avw` I AÞq kwÚ eÅenvGii RbÅ Rwgi gvwjKGK ˆ`Iqv nq”@ DwÚwU Kvi? K AaÅvcK WwgwbK mÅvjGfUi-‰i L AaÅvcK gvkÆvj-‰i M A^ÆbxwZwe` ˆWwfW wiKvGWÆvi N A^ÆbxwZwe` RRÆ wÕ¡Mjvi-‰i 28. ˆWwfW wiKvGWÆvi gGZ LvRbvi Drcwîi KviY nGjv@ i. Rwgi cwigvGYi mxgve«¬Zv ii. Rwgi Drcvw`Kv kwÚi cv^ÆKÅ iii. Rwgi ˆÞGò KÌgnËvmgvb Drcv`b wewai KvhÆKvwiZv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi DóxcKwU co ‰es 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| cÉkvmwbK KvGRi myweavG^Æ, AvçwjK D®²qGb ‰es RbMGYi cÉGqvRbxqZvGK mvgGb ˆiGL c«Âv b`xi cwøg cvGo dwi`cyGi evsjvG`Gki ‰KwU AZÅvaywbK I Av¯¦RÆvwZK wegvbe±`i MGo ˆZvjvi cwiK͸bv iGqGQ| msev`wU cÉPvwiZ nIqvi mvG^ mvG^ cÉÕ¦vweZ wegvbe±`Gii AvGkcvGk Rwgi `vg KGqKàY e†w«¬ ˆcj| Rwgi gvwjKMY ZvG`i AvqGK eüMY e†w«¬ KiGjb| 29. DóxcGK ˆKvb aiGbi AvqGK wbG`Æk KGi? K ˆgvU Avq L we÷«¬ Avq M A^Æ‹bwZK Avq N AbycvwRÆZ Avq 30. DóxcGK ˆh Avq m†wÓ¡i K^v AvGjvwPZ nGqGQ Zv m†wÓ¡GZ@ i. Rwgi gvwjKGK AwZwiÚ wewbGqvM KiGZ nqwb ii. Rwgi gvwjKGK AwZwiÚ kÉg w`GZ nqwb iii. Rwgi gvwjKGK wewf®² iKg cÉGPÓ¡v MÉnY KiGZ nGqwQj wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Dîi1 N 2 M 3 K 4 K 5 L 6 K 7 L 8 N 9 L 10 N 11 L 12 M 13 K 14 N 15 K 16 K 17 M 18 L 19 N 20 L 21 K 22 L 23 K 24 L 25 K 26 N 27 M 28 N 29 N 30 K

16 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. ˆWwfW wiKvGWÆv ‰KRb KÑvwmKÅvj A^ÆbxwZwe`| wZwb LvRbv mÁ·GKÆ ‰KwU Zî½ cÉPvi KGib| wZwb eGjb Rwgi Avw`I Avwebk¼i ÞgZv eÅenvGii RbÅ Rwgi gvwjKGK LvRbv w`GZ nq| wZwb eGjb, cÉ^Gg DrK‡Ó¡ Rwg ‰es cGi wbK‡Ó¡ Rwg Pvl Kiv nq| Zvi gGZ, wbK‡Ó¡ Rwgi Zzjbvq DrK‡Ó¡ RwgGZ ˆh AwZwiÚ Avq nq ZvB LvRbv| K. DeÆiZvi w`K ˆ^GK wiKvGWÆv RwgGK Kq ˆkÉwYGZ fvM KGiGQb? 1 L. wiKvGWÆvi ZGî½i AbywgwZàGjv wK wK? 2 M. DóxcGK ˆh Zî½wU wbG`Æk KiGQ Zv wPGòi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| 3 N. DÚ ZGî½i mgvGjvPbvàGjv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 2. y x P Q R O A B C U T N M L S f~wg Drcv`b K. LvRbv Kx? 1 L. wbg LvRbv ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. DcGii ˆiLv wPòwU LvRbv wbaÆviGYi ˆKvb Zî½wU ZzGj aGiGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. wPGò LvRbvi cwigvY KZ ‰es KxfvGe Zv wbaÆvwiZ nGqGQ weGkÐlY KGiv| 4 3. Rwgi ˆkÉwY cÉ`î Avq (UvKvi) Drcv`b eÅq (UvKvi) D«¼†î (UvKvi) 1g 600 UvKv 400 UvKv 200 UvKv 2q 480 UvKv 400 UvKv 80 UvKv 3q 400 UvKv 400 UvKv 0 UvKv K. wbg LvRbv Kx? 1 L. LvRbvi Drcwî nq ˆKb? 2 M. Zî½wUGZ LvRbvi cwigvY KZ ‰es KxfvGe Zv wbaÆvwiZ nGqGQ Zv eÅvLv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK cÉ`î mƒwPwU LvRbv wbaÆviGYi ˆKvb Zî½wUGK ZzGj aGiGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 4. `vg/†hvMvb `vg DcKi‡Yi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb A S O F E D D S K. LvRbv ZGî½i RbK ˆK? 1 L. `xNÆKvGj wbg LvRbv kƒbÅ nq ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcK nGZ mƒò cÉGqvM KGi A^Æ‹bwZK LvRbv wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. A^Æ‹bwZK LvRbvi cwigvY OAEF nGZ nGj wPGòi wK ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nGe?@ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 5. A^ÆbxwZ welGqi wkÞK KÑvGm ‘LvRbv’ wbGq AvGjvPbv KiwQGjb| wZwb ejGjb, ‰GÞGò KÑvwmKÅvj A^ÆbxwZwe`MY ˆhfvGe weGkÐlY weGePbv KGiGQb| wZwb AbÅvbÅ Drcv`Gbi gGZv LvRbvi mvG^ `vGgi mÁ·KÆ welGqI eÅvLÅv w`GqGQb| K. AbycvwRÆZ Avq Kx? 1 L. wbU LvRbv KxfvGe wbYÆq Kiv nq? 2 M. AvaywbK A^ÆbxwZwe`iv LvRbv wbaÆviGYi welqwU KxfvGe eÅvLÅv KGiGQb?@ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3 N. Zzwg wK gGb KGiv KÑvwmKÅvj A^ÆbxwZwe`MGYi wP¯¦vGPZbv AvaywbK A^ÆbxwZwe`MGYi mvG^ mv`†kÅcƒYÆ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 6. Kwig mvGnGei X dÅvÙwiGZ A cYÅ Drcv`b nq| ‰GZ cÉwZ ‰KK cGYÅi cwieZÆbxq eÅq 8 UvKv, Mo eÅq 12 UvKv, cGYÅi `vg 10 UvKv| wK¯§ iwng mvGnGei Y dÅvÙwiGZ B cGYÅi ‰KKcÉwZ Mo Drcv`b LiP 9 UvKv, weKÌqgƒjÅ 11 UvKv| K. wbg LvRbvi Aci bvg Kx? 1 L. KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewai KviGYB LvRbvi Drcwî nq@ eywSGq ˆjGLv| 2 M. DóxcK nGZ wbg LvRbv wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. A I B cGYÅi ˆÞGò DwjÐwLZ LvRbv aviYv«¼Gqi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 7. wbGPi mƒwPwU jÞ KGiv ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: DcKiGYi ‰KK cÉK‡Z Avq ev LvRbv ˆhvMvb `vg ev Õ©vbv¯¦i Avq 1g 4000 UvKv 2000 UvKv 2q 4000 UvKv 3000 UvKv 3q 4000 UvKv 4000 UvKv A^Ævr ˆhvMvb `vg ˆhgb A^Æ‹bwZK LvRbvGK cÉfvweZ KGi ˆZgwb LvRbvI `vgGK cÉfvweZ KGi| K. AvaywbK LvRbv Zî½ ˆKvb ZGî½i mg®¼q? 1 L. f„wg I KjKviLvbvi eÅenviRwbZ cvIbv ‰K bq- eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. cÉ`î mƒwPi mvnvGhÅ LvRbvi AvaywbK Zî½wU eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi ˆkGlvÚ jvBbwU weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 8. K‡lK Mwb wgqv cwievGii AwZwiÚ eÅq wbeÆvGni RbÅ eiKZ mvGnGei wbKU ˆ^GK ‰KLí Rwg PvGli wbwgGî eÅenvi Kivi myGhvM ˆcGjb| K‡lK Mwb wgqv DÚ RwgGZ DcKiY eve` 5,000 UvKv eÅq KGi 10 gY avb ˆcGjb| wZwb Drcvw`Z dmGji mÁ·ƒYÆUvB evRvGi weKÌq KGi 5,000 UvKv ˆcGjb| ‰GÞGò eiKZ mvGne DÚ RwgLí ˆ^GK LvRbv ˆcGjb bv| K. wbU LvRbv Kx? 1 L. “ˆgvU LvRbv nGjv ‰KwU PzwÚwfwîK LvRbv” @ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 M. DóxcGK DwjÐwLZ RwgGK wiKvGWÆv ˆKvb aiGbi Rwg wnGmGe wPwn×Z KGib? eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ welqwU ˆiLvwPGò DcÕ©vcb KGi weGkÐlY Ki| 4 9. Avwid ‰K ‰Ki Rwg gvwjGKi wbKU ˆ^GK avb Drcv`Gbi RbÅ fvov ˆbq| Rwg ˆ^GK ˆh Drcv`b ˆm cvq Zv ˆ^GK Drcv`b LiP ev` ˆ`qvi ci hv AewkÓ¡ ^vGK Zv ˆm gvwjKGK cÉ`vb KGi| cieZÆxGZ Drcv`b e†w«¬ ˆcGj ˆm AwaK LvRbv cÉ`vb KGi| K. wbg LvRbv Kx? 1 L. AbycvwRÆZ Avq ˆKb m†wÓ¡ nq? 2 M. DóxcGK LvRbvi ˆKvb gZevG`i mvG^ mv`†kÅ iGqGQ@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvb «¼viv hw` LvRbv wbaÆvwiZ nGZv ZGe Avwid gvwjKGK Drcv`b e†w«¬i ci wKfvGe LvRbv AwaK cÉ`vb KiGZv Zv wPò «¼viv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 10. ivRkvnxi myRvZcyi MÉvGgi iwng eKm cÉPzi f„mÁ·wîi gvwjK| ‰jvKvi mvbvDÍÏvn Zvi KvQ ˆ^GK 5 ‰Ki Rwg eMÆv wbGq ZvGZ cÉPzi Avg Pvl KGib| eQGi wZwb cÉvq 3 jÞ UvKvi Avg Drcv`b KGib| hw` wZwb ZvGZ BÞz Pvl KiGZb ZGe 2 jÞ UvKvi BÞz Drcv`b KiGZ cviGZb| K. cÉvw¯¦K Rwg Kx? 1 L. LvRbv ˆKb ˆ`qv nq Zvi `ywU KviY wjL| 2 M. DóxcGK mvbvDÍÏvni RwgGZ ˆh KviGY LvRbvi m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ Zv eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. mvbvDÍÏvni LvRbv wbaÆviGYi welqwU A^ÆbxwZi ˆKvb ZGî½ AvGjvwPZ nq weGkÏlY Ki| 4 11. wbGÁ²i DwócKwU co ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI| O Q MC AVC P1 Qo AR=MR P0 P weKÌGqi cwigvY Avq-eÅq C E0 E AC K. ˆgvU LvRbvi mƒò Kx? 1 L. LvRbv ˆ`Iqv nq ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcGKi eÚGeÅ ˆh LvRbvi AwÕ¦Z½ LuyGR cvIqv hvq Zvi eÅvLÅv `vI|3 N. `xNÆKvjxb mgGq wbg LvRbvi AwÕ¦Z½ LyuGR cvIqv hvGe Kx? eÅvLÅv `vI| 4

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 17 gGWj 9 beg AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. GDP ‰i cƒYÆi…c Kx? K Gress Domestic Product L Gross Depreciation Product M Gross Domestic Product N Gross Dominative Product 2. ˆKvb ˆfvM eÅq Avq ˆ^GK Õ¼vaxb? K Õ¼qÁ¿„Z ˆfvM eÅq L cÉGivwPZ ˆfvM eÅq M ˆfvMÅ cYÅ AvGqi RbÅ eÅq N miKvwi ˆfvM eÅq 3. GDP=? K C+I+G L C+I+Z M Y+C+I N I+Y+G 4. C = a + bY ‰KwU ռ͸Kvwjb ˆfvM AGcÞK i. a = ռ͸GfvM ii. b = MPC iii. Y = «¼viv Avq eySvq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii I i M i, ii I iii N ˆKvbwUB bq 5. weG`Gk AeÕ©vbiZ ˆ`wk bvMwiKG`i Avq mvgwMÉK AvGqi ˆKvb aviYvi A¯¦fzÆÚ nq? K wR ‰b AvB L wRwWwc M ‰b‰bwc N wR‰bwc wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 6 I 7bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: AvwRR wgqv I ˆgvt wgVzi evsjvG`k cwimsLÅvb eyÅGivGZ WvUv msMÉGni KvR KiGZb| eZÆgvGb AvwRR wgqv RvcvGb wMGq ‰KRb mvaviY kÉwgGKi PvKwi KiGQb| Aciw`GK RvcvGbi wg. wj evsjvG`Gki cigvYy kwÚ KwgkGb civgkÆK wnGmGe KvR KGib| 6. AvwRR wgqvi Avq evsjvG`Gki ˆKv^vq hyÚ nGe? K ˆgvU ˆ`kR AvGqL ˆgvU RvZxq AvGq M wbU ˆ`kR AvGqN wbU RvZxq AvGq 7. evsjvG`Gki ˆgvU ˆ`kR Drcv`b wnmve Kivi mgq AbyGœQG` DwÍÏwLZ hvi Ae`vb ev` w`GZ nGe Zv nGjv i. AvwRR wgqvi ii. wg. wj ‰i iii. ˆgv. wgVzGbi wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M iii N i, ii I iii 8. weG`k ˆ^GK ˆcÉwiZ ˆ`wk bvMwiGKi DcvwRÆZ A^Æ@ K ˆgvU ˆ`kR Drcv`Gb hyÚ nGe L ˆgvU RvZxq Drcv`Gb hyÚ nGe M ˆgvU RvZxq Drcv`Gb nGZ ev` hvGe N cÉK‡Z ˆ`kR Drcv`Gb hyÚ nGe 9. bvmwib evsjvG`Gki bvMwiK| wZwb AvGgwiKv ‰KwU ˆKvÁ·vwbGZ KgÆiZ AvGQb| Zvi Avq evsjvG`Gk ˆKvb wnmvGe A¯¦fyÆÚ nGe? K eÅwÚMZ Avq L wR‰bAvB M wRwWwc N ‰b‰bAvB 10. CCA ejGZ wbGPi ˆKvbwUGK ˆevSvGbv nq? K gƒjab eÅenviRwbZ gybvdv L gƒjab eÅenviRwbZ Avq M gƒjab eÅenviRwbZ AePq eÅq N gƒjab eÅenviRwbZ Drcv`b 11. RvZxq Avq cwigvGci c«¬wZ KqwU? K 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N 4wU 12. eZÆgvb Avq fwelÅr ˆfvGMi RbÅ ZzGj ivLvGK Kx eGj? K mçq L gƒjab M msiÞY N gybvdv 13. mçq I wewbGqvGMi mgZv «¼viv Kx wbaÆvwiZ nq? K ˆfvMÅ eÅq L Avq M wewbGqvM eÅq N fvimvgÅ RvZxq 14. mçGqi mƒò ˆKvbwU? K S = Y + C L S =Y – C M S = C– Y N S = C + Y 15. mçGqi BœQv nËvm cvq ˆKb? K myG`i nvi evoGj L myG`i nvi Kg ^vKv M KGii nvi Kg ^vKv N Rxebhvòvi gvb Kg ^vKv 16. ‰KwU Ave«¬ A^ÆbxwZGK mvgwMÉK AvGqi mij mgxKiY ˆKvbwU? K C + I + G + (X-M) L C + I + G M C + I N C + I + Xn 17. wbGPi ˆKvbwU miKvwi eÅq bq? K ˆcbkb L ˆeKvi fvZv M wkÞv N bZzb ˆcvkvK ˆKbv wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGov ‰es 18 I 19bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: evsjvG`Gk biIGqi MÉvgxY ˆdvb ˆKvÁ·vwb 2012 mvGj cÉPzi gybvdv ARÆb KGi| evsjvG`GkiI cÉvq 25 jÞ bvMwiK ˆmŒw` AviGe KvR KGi ‰es ZvG`i AwRÆZ Avq ˆ`Gk ˆcÉiY KGi| 18. MÉvgxY ˆdvb ˆKvÁ·vwbi Avq evsjvG`Gki K GDP-ˆZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe L GNP-ˆZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe M GDP I GNP DfGqi gGaÅ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe N GDP-GZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe bv 19. evsjvG`Gki bvMwiKG`i ˆcÉwiZ Avq i. evsjvG`Gki GNP-GZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe ii. ˆmŒw` AviGei GNP-GZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe iii. ˆmŒw` AviGei GDP-GZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 20. `yB LvZ wewkÓ¡ A^ÆbxwZGZ LvZ `ywU Kx Kx? K cwievi I dvgÆ L cwievi I miKvi M dvgÆ I miKvi N wewbGqvM I mçq 21. wewbGqvM KvGK eGj? K gƒjab `ËGeÅi ˆfvMGK L gƒjab `ËGeÅi nËvmGK M gƒjab `ËGeÅi e†w«¬GK N gƒjab `ËGeÅi nÕ¦v¯¦iGK 22. ռ͸Kvjxb ˆfvM AGcÞK ˆKvbwU? K C = BY L C = a + bY M C = a2 + b2 Y N O < MPC< 1 23. mKj eÅwÚ ev cwievGii PjwZ AvqGK wK eGj? K GNP L PI M PDI N NNI 24. e«¬ A^ÆbxwZGZ KqwU LvZ ^vGK? K 3wU L 2wU M 4wU N 5wU 25. ‰KwU D¯ÃyÚ A^ÆbxwZGZ mvgwMÉK AvGqi mgxKiY ˆKvbwU? K C+I L C+I+G+(X-M) M C+I+G N C = I+(X-M) 26. mvgwMÉK Avq cwigvGci c«¬wZ nGjv@ i. Avq c«¬wZ ii. eÅq c«¬wZ iii. Drcv`b c«¬wZ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 27. ‰KwU ˆ`Gki mKj bvMwiK ‰K A^ÆeQGi ˆh cwigvY `ËeÅ I ˆmev Drcv`b KGi Zvi Avw^ÆK gƒGjÅi mgwÓ¡GK Kx eGj? K ˆgvU RvZxq AvqL ˆgvU ˆ`kR Avq M eÅqGhvMÅ Avq N eÅwÚMZ Avq 28. RvZxq Avq nGjv A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGbi ‰KwU cÉavb i. LvZ ii. mƒPK iii. gvb`í wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 29. mçq ˆKvb welGqi Ici wbfÆi KGi? K ˆfvM L wewbGqvM M Avq N gƒjab 30. eZÆgvb gƒjab `ËGeÅi mvG^ AwZwiÚ gƒjab `ËeÅ msGhvwRZ nIqvGK Kx eGj? K ˆfvM L wewbGqvM M mçq N gƒjab Dîi1 M 2 K 3 K 4 M 5 K 6 L 7 K 8 L 9 L 10 M 11 M 12 K 13 N 14 L 15 L 16 L 17 N 18 K 19 M 20 K 21 M 22 L 23 L 24 K 25 L 26 N 27 K 28 M 29 M 30 L

18 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. wbGPi mƒwPwU ˆ`L ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: Avq (Y) ˆKvwU UvKv wewbGqvM (10) ˆKvwU UvKv 000 100 200 100 100 100 K. ˆgvU RvZxq Avq Kx? 1 L. `ywU ˆ`Gki gGaÅ ˆgvU ˆ`kR Drcv`Gbi cv^ÆKÅ KxfvGe m†wÓ¡ nq? 2 M. DcGii mƒwPwU ˆ^GK ˆKvb aiGbi wewbGqvGMi aviYv cvIqv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. ‘DcGii mƒwPwU ˆ^GK wewbGqvM ˆiLvwPò mÁ·GKÆ aviYv cvIqv Õ¼vfvweK’- gZvgZ `vI| 4 2. wbGPi wPòwU ˆ`L ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. eÅqGhvMÅ Avq Kx? 1 L. Avq c«¬wZGZ KxfvGe RvZxq Avq cwigvc Kiv nq? eYÆbv KGiv| 2 M. wPò ˆ^GK Avq I mçGqi gGaÅ Kx aiGbi mÁ·KÆ ˆ`Lv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. ‘Avq hZ evoGZ ^vGK, FYvñK mçq ZZ KgGZ ^vGK’- wPGòi AvGjvGK gZvgZ `vI| 4 3. Kwig wgqv wmãvcyGi KgÆiZ| wZwb cÉwZ gvGm Zvi AvGqi ‰KUv Ask ˆ`Gk ˆcÉiY KGib| wg. Rywjs evsjvG`Gki mvfvi EPZ ‰ ‰KwU Pxbv cÉwZÓ¤vGb KgÆiZ wZwbI Zvi AvGqi ‰KUv Ask Zvi ˆ`Gk cvVvb| K. wR‰bAvB ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1 L. mçq I wewbGqvM ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. Kwig wgqvi ˆcÉwiZ A^Æ RvZxq AvGq KxfvGe mÁ·†Ú- eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. wg. Rywjs I Kwig wgqvi Avq evsjvG`Gki RvZxq AvqGK KxfvGe cÉfvweZ KGi- eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 4. ˆ`Gk miKvi meyR ebvqb KgÆmƒwPi RbÅ cÉK͸ MÉnY KiGjv| cÉK͸ Abyhvqx, miKvi DG`ÅvM MÉnY KiGjv ‰es wewf®² bvmÆvwiGZ MvGQi Pviv Drcv`b e†w«¬ ˆcj ‰es DÚ Pviv RbMY wKGb ZvG`i cwZZ I AbÅvbÅ RwgGZ e†Þ ˆivcY KiGjv| K. fvimvgÅ RvZxq Avq Kx? 1 L. mvgwMÉK eÅq ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 M. DóxcGK miKvwi meyR ebvqb KgÆmƒwP MÉnGY ˆ`Gki RvZxq AvGqi AeÕ©v ˆKgb nGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ cÉKG͸i RbÅ miKvwi eÅGqi ˆiLvwU Aâb KGi weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 5. AD = C + I + G 100 200 300 400 45 = AS AD, AS O Y K. ˆgvU RvZxq Drcv`b KvGK eGj? 1 L. mçq I wewbGqvGMi mÁ·KÆ ˆKgb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. Ave«¬ A^ÆbxwZGZ KxfvGe fvimvgÅ RvZxq Avq wbaÆvwiZ nq, Zv DóxcK nGZ wbYÆq KGi ˆ`LvI| 3 N. miKvwi eÅq e†w«¬ KiGj (G) DÚ fvimvgÅ RvZxq AvGqi ˆÞGò wK ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nGe@ weGkÐlY KGiv| 4 6. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ KGiv ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: AD, AS AD = C + I O Y E AS = Y Y1 Y0 Y2 mvgwMÉK Pvwn`v I mvgwMÉK ˆhvMvb RvZxq Avq K. eÅwÚMZ Avq KvGK eGj? 1 L. Avq c«¬wZi wewf®² welq mvgwMÉK Avq cwigvGc KxfvGe KvGR jvGM? eywSGq ˆjL| 2 M. cÉ`î wPòwU ˆKvb c«¬wZGK wbG`Æk KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ c«¬wZi gvaÅGg ‘fvimvgÅ AvqÕ¦i’ wbaÆviY Kiv hvq@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 7. Z ˆ`Gki Afů¦Gi bvMwiKG`i «¼viv K eQGi 250 ˆKvwU UvKvi `ËeÅ I ˆmev Drcvw`Z nq ‰es ‰G`Gk KvR KGi weG`wk bvMwiKMY 410 ˆKvwU UvKv Avq KGi| Aciw`GK Z ˆ`Gki bvMwiKMY weG`Gk KvR KGi 60 ˆKvwU Avq KGi wbR ˆ`Gk cvVvq| ˆ`kwUi wbU iµ¦vwb 50 ˆKvwU UvKv ‰es AbÅ ˆ`k ˆ^GK Aby`vb cvq 30 ˆKvwU UvKv| K. mvgwMÉK Avq Kx? 1 L. Õ¼qÁ¿„Z ˆfvM ˆiLv f„wgi AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj nq ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi ZG^Åi wfwîGZ Z ˆ`Gki GNI wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Z ˆ`kwUi GDP I GNI ‰i ZzjbvgƒjK AeÕ©v eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 8. Av. gv®²vb RwgGZ dmj djvb| Rwgi bZzb dmj ev djgƒj DVGjB cÉ^Gg wbGRi cwievGi ‰Gb ˆek Avb±` KGi Lvb| Zvi MÉvGgi cÉGZÅK K‡lKB cÉvq ‰KB KvR KGi ^vGKb| K. mvgwMÉK eÅq KvGK eGj? 1 L. gyÚ A^ÆbxwZ ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 M. RvZxq Drcv`b wnmve KiGZ ˆMGj Av. gv®²vbG`i Drcv`Gbi mwVK wnmve Zzwg KxfvGe cvGe@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. RvZxq AvGqi cwigvY mwVK ˆcGZ Av. gv®²vbG`i Kx Kx Kiv DwPZ? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 9. iscyi ˆRjvi cÉZů¦ MÉvGgi Þz`Ë K‡lK iZb| Zvi ‰K ˆQGj weG`Gk iGqGQ| wZwb wbGRi Rwg Pvlvev` KGi dmj djvb| Zvi Drcvw`Z dmj ‰es weG`k ˆ^GK ˆcÉwiZ ˆQGji Avq RvZxq AvGqi ‰KwU Þz`Ë Ask| ‰iKg AGbK K‡lGKi Avq ˆ^GKB RvZxq Avq AvmGQ| ‰Qvov A^ÆbxwZwe`MY RvZxq AvGqi cwiwai wfwîGZ wewf®² aviYv DcÕ©vcb KGiGQb| K. RvZxq Avq Kx? 1 L. wbU RvZxq Avq eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ iZGbi Drcvw`Z dmj KxfvGe RvZxq AvGqi gGaÅ cwigvY Kiv nq? 3 N. iZGbi RvZxq AvGqi mvG^ ˆgvU ˆ`kR Drcv`Gbi cv^ÆKÅ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 10. BDbyQ wgqv wmãvcyGii ‰KwU wkwcs ˆKvÁ·vwbGZ KgÆiZ| wZwb AGbK UvKv ˆeZb cvb| wZwb cÉwZ gvGm Zuvi AvGqi ‰KwU eo Ask ˆ`Gk ˆcÉiY KGib| K. GNP Kx? 1 L. mçq I wewbGqvGMi mÁ·KÆ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. BDbyQ wgqvi ˆ`Gk A^Æ ˆcÉiY evsjvG`Gki RvZxq Avq cwigvGc KxfvGe mÁ·†Ú nq@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. BDbyQ wgqvi Avq e«¬ bv gyÚ A^ÆbxwZGZ fvimvgÅ m†wÓ¡ KiGe@ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 11. ‰KwU ˆ`Gki mçq, wewbGqvM I AvqÕ¦i ˆ`qv nGjv: AvqÕ¦i (ˆKvwU UvKv) mçq (ˆKvwU UvKv) wewbGqvM (ˆKvwU UvKv) 100 400 450 200 500 500 300 600 550 K. NNP KvGK eGj? 1 L. mvgwMÉK Pvwn`v ˆiLvi AvK‡wZ ˆKgb? 2 M. fvimvgÅ RvZxq AvqÕ¦i KZ? wPGòi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvI| 3 N. 100 I 300 ˆKvwU UvKv AvqÕ¦Gi mçq I wewbGqvGMi cÉfve eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 S O a0 Y0 E Y S = a + (1 – b) Y mçq Avq

gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 19 gGWj 10 `kg AaÅvq eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv mgq: 30 wgwbU; gvb-30 1. A^ÆbxwZwe`MY AG^Æi KvhÆvewjGK KqfvGM fvM KGiGQb? K 1 L 2 M 3 N 4 2. wewnZ gy`Ëv KZ cÉKvi? K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 3. weGKÌZv ˆKvb `ËGeÅi gvaÅGg Kx MÉnY KGi? K ˆPK L mÁÃvb M gy`Ëv N avZe 4. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK FY wbq¯¨GYi RbÅ eÅenvi KiGZ cvGi@ i. eÅvsK nvi c«¬wZ ii. ˆLvjv evRvibxwZ iii. wiRvfÆ AbycvZ c«¬wZ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K ii I iii L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi DóxcKwU jÞ Ki ‰es 5 I 6 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: wg. nvwdGRi RbZv eÅvsGKi mçqx AvgvbZ wnmvGe 20,000 UvKv wQj| DÚ eÅvsK ˆ^GK AvGiv 50,000 UvKv FY MÉnY KGi Zvi mçqx AvgvbZ wnmvGe Rgv KiGjb| 5. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi wiRvGfÆi nvi 20% nGj DóxcGKi AvGjvGK RbZv eÅvsGKi FY m†wÓ¡i ÞgZv evoj KZ? K 20,000 L 30,000 M 40,000 N 70,000 6. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK RbZv eÅvsGKi FY wbq¯¨Y KiGZ nGj ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsKGK@ K ˆLvjvevRvi bxwZ MÉnY KiGZ nGe L eÅvsK nvi e†w«¬ KiGZ nGe M wiRvGfÆi nvi KgvGZ nGe N wiRvGfÆi nvi e†w«¬ KiGZ nGe 7. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK gy`Ëv eÅeÕ©v I eÅvsK eÅeÕ©vGK wbq¯¨Y KGi| ‰i ˆhŒwÚK KviY ˆKvbwU? K gybvdv wbq¯¨Y L `vgÕ¦i wbq¯¨Y M AG^Æi ˆhvMvb wbq¯¨Y N KÌq ÞgZv wbq¯¨Y 8. cÉGZÅK ˆ`Gki A^ÆeÅeÕ©vGK wbq¯¨Y KGi ˆKvb eÅvsK? K evwYwRÅK eÅvsK L ˆmvbvjx eÅvsK M Bmjvwg eÅvsK N ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK 9. AaÅvcK wdmvGii wewbgq mgxKviY nGjv@ K MV=PT L M=P M M1 V1 Y=PT N Y=C 10. M = 2000, V = 2, T nGj P =? K 300 L 350 M 400 N 450 11. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi KvhÆvewj ˆKvbwU? K AvgvbZ MÉnY L FY `vb M ˆbvU cÉPjb N wej evëvKiY 12. evwYwRÅK eÅvsGKi KvhÆvewj ˆKvbwU? K AeGjLK L wewbGqvM wbq¯¨Y M gy`Ëvgvb msiÞY N gy`ËvevRvi cwiPvjbv 13. ˆKvbwU evwYwRÅK eÅvsK? K w` wgWjÅví L wiRvfÆ eÅvsK Ae Bw´£qv M ˆdWvGij wiRvfÆ wmGÕ¡g N eÅvsK Ae BsjÅv´£ 14. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi cÉavbZ FY wbq¯¨Y c«¬wZ KqwU? K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 wbGPi DóxcKwU cGo 15 I 16 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: evwµ¸ ˆ`vKvb ˆ^GK 2wU wmsMviv wKGb ˆ`vKvb`viGK ‰KwU 20 UvKvi ˆbvU w`j| ˆ`vKvb`vi ZvGK 10 UvKv ‰es `yB UvKvi `ywU ˆbvU ˆdiZ w`j| 15. KvMwR gy`Ëv cÉPwjZ nq@ K miKvi KZ‡ÆK L ivÓ¡ÈcwZ KZ‡ÆK M ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK KZ‡ÆK N eÅvsK gÅvGbRvi KZ‡ÆK 16. evwµ¸i 20 UvKvi ˆbvUwUi mvG^ ˆKvb gy`Ëvi mv`†kÅ iGqGQ? K mmxg wewnZ gy`Ëv L cwiPvwjZ gy`Ëv M Amxg wewnZ gy`Ëv N mnKvix gy`Ëv 17. gy`Ëvi cwigvY Zî½wU ˆK cÉ`vb KGib? K wKs wdkvi L Aviwfs wdkvi M ˆWwfW wiKvGWÆv N cj mÅvgyGqjmb 18. ˆgvevBj eÅvswKs ‰i ˆÞGò ˆKvbwU Ri‚wi@ i. KwÁ·DUvi ii. ˆgvevBj ˆmU iii. wcb ˆKvWÆ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 19. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi cÉavb KvR ˆKvbwU? K gy`Ëv msiÞY L ˆbvU cÉPjb M FY wbq¯¨Y N gy`Ëv evRvi cwiPvjbv 20. ˆ`Gki Avw^ÆK bxwZ cÉYqb KGi ˆKvb eÅvsK? K evwYwRÅK eÅvsK L ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK M weGklvwqZ eÅvsK N Bmjvwg eÅvsK 21. hyÚivGÓ¡Çi ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi bvg Kx? K evsjvG`k eÅvsK L w` wgWjÅv´£ eÅvsK M w` IGqÓ¡ wgwbÓ¡vi eÅvsK N ˆdWvGij wiRvfÆ wmGÕ¡g 22. evsjvG`Gk 100 UvKvi ˆbvGUi MvGq Kvi Õ¼vÞi ^vGK? K A^Æ mwPGei L ivÓ¡ÇcwZ M evsjvG`k eÅvsGKi MfÆbGii N A^Æg¯¨xi 23. mvaviYZ ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi gGØj Kviv? K miKvi I evwYwRÅK eÅvsK L RbmvaviY M ˆ`wk I weG`wk eÅemvqx N ˆ`wk I weG`wk eÅvsK 24. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi cÉavb KvR ˆKvbwU? K FY `vb Kiv L eÅvsK nvi wVK Kiv M A^Æ Õ©vbv¯¦i Kiv N gy`Ëv cÉPjb Kiv I FY wbq¯¨Y Kiv 25. AvaywbK eÅvswKs ˆmev cÉ`vGb ˆKvbwU ‰wMGq? K m®¬vKvjxb eÅvswKs L B-eÅvswKs M ˆgvevBj eÅvswKs N wPivPwiZ eÅvswKs ˆmev wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGov 26 I 27 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| my`xcv ‰Kv`k ˆkÉwYi Qvòx| ˆm ˆ`LGjv Zvi ev®¬ex ÷öv eÅvsGKi ˆWweU KvWÆ eÅenvi KGi| ˆm fveGjv ˆmI Zvi ev®¬exi gGZv wnmve LyjGj bvbvb myweav cvGe| 26. my`xcv ev®¬ex eÅvsGK ˆKvb aiGbi wnmve LyGjGQ? K mçqx L PjwZ M Õ©vqx N ˆcbmb mçq 27. my`xcv Zvi ev®¬ex ÷övi gGZv wnmve LyjGj ˆh aiGib myweav cvGe Zv nGjv@ i. AbjvBb eÅvswKs myweav ii. FY myweav iii. mçGqi myweav wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L i I iii M i I ii N i, ii I iii 28. evsjvG`Gki ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi bvg Kx? K eÅvsK Ae evsjvG`k L evsjvG`k eÅvsK M weGklvwqZ eÅvsK N Bmjvgx eÅvsK 29. AG^Æi gƒjÅ ejGZ@ i. AG^Æi KÌq ÞgZvGK eySvq ii. AG^Æi wbRÕ¼ gƒjÅGK eySvq iii. A^ÆGK `ËeÅ ev ˆmevq i…cv¯¦iGK eySvq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 30. ˆejvj ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi gnvcwiPvjK| ‰ eÅvsGKi mvG^ mv`†kÅ iGqGQ@ i. ‰wU AG^Æi ˆhvMvb wbq¯¨Y ii. ‰wU gƒjÅ wbq¯¨Y KGi iii. ‰wU ռ͸Ggqvw` FY ˆ`q wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Dîi1 M 2 K 3 M 4 L 5 N 6 L 7 M 8 N 9 K 10 M 11 M 12 K 13 K 14 K 15 M 16 M 17 L 18 L 19 L 20 L 21 N 22 M 23 K 24 N 25 M 26 L 27 L 28 L 29 K 30 K

20 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj mgq: 2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; gvb-70 1. ˆkvfv gqgbwmsn ˆgwWGKj KGjGR covGkvbv KGi| Zvi evwo XvKv ˆRjvq| cuvP eQi cƒGeÆ Zvi cÉGqvRbxq A^Æ ˆcGZ ˆek SvGgjv nGZv| Zvi evev eÅvsK ‰KvDG´Ÿi gvaÅGg XvKv ˆ^GK UvKv cvVvGZb| ‰Lb wZwb gynƒGZÆi gGaÅB ռ͸ LiGP UvKv cvVvGZ cvGib| K. evwYwRÅK eÅvsK KvGK eGj? 1 L. wewnZ gy`Ëv I AvgvbGZi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ ˆjL| 2 M. DóxcGK ˆkvfv ˆKvb aiGbi eÅvswKs ‰i gvaÅGg UvKv AvbGZ cvGib? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. ‰ aiGbi evsK eÅeÕ©v wK AvgvG`i A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGb f„wgKv ivGL? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 2.A^ÆbxwZi wkÞK Avey ZvGni ‰Kv`k ˆkÉwYi wkÞv^ÆxG`i gy`Ëv I eÅvsKeÅeÕ©v wbGq covGœQb| ‰gZveÕ©vq Zvi RxeGbi ‰KwU AwfæZvi K^v wkÞv^ÆxG`i ejGjb, “wZwb ‰Kw`b evRvGii ˆKbvKvUv KiGZ wMGq ˆ`LGjb `ËeÅgƒjÅ AZÅwaK| wZwb `ËeÅgƒjÅ wbq¯¨GY eÅeÕ©v ˆbIqvi RbÅ eÅvsK KZƆcÞGK ‰KwU wPwV wjLGjb| ‰ eÅvcvGi eÅvsK KZƆcÞ `Ë‚Z mvov w`j| Zviv FY wbq¯¨YGK cÉavb KvR gGb KiGjb| K. evwYwRÅK eÅvsK Kx? 1 L. gy`Ëvi Pvwn`v ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. DóxcGK ˆKvb aiGbi eÅvsK eÅeÕ©vi K^v AvGjvKcvZ Kiv nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ eÅvsK KxfvGe FY wbq¯¨Y KGi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 3. ‘K’ ˆ`Gki ˆgvU AG^Æi ˆhvMvb 5,000 Wjvi, AG^Æi cÉPjb MwZ 4 I ˆgvU ˆjbG`bK‡Z `ËGeÅi cwigvY 100| gy`ËvÕ¹xwZ ^vKv mGî½I ˆ`kwUi ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK AG^Æi ˆhvMvb evovGbvi wm«¬v¯¦ wbj| K. AG^Æi msæv `vI| 1 L. AG^Æi gƒjÅ ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 M. DóxcGK ‘K’ ˆ`kwUi cÉv^wgK `vgÕ¦i I AG^Æi gƒjÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi ˆ`kwUGZ ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi wm«¬v¯¦ evÕ¦evqb Kiv nGj RbMGYi Ici wK cÉfve coGe? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 4.Kwig mvGne 50 UvKv w`Gq ‰K ˆKwR Avg KÌq KiGjb| wK¯§ ‰K gvm AvGM ‰KB aiGbi Avg wZwb 25 UvKv w`Gq KÌq KGiwQGjb| K. AG^Æi gƒjÅ Kx? 1 L. `ËGeÅi `vg e†w«¬ ˆcGj AG^Æi gƒGjÅi wK cwieZÆb nq? 2 M. hw` Kwig mvGnGei Avq wÕ©i ^vGK ZGe `vg e†w«¬ Zvi Ici Kxi…c cÉfve ˆdjGe? 3 N. DóxcK nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, `ËeÅgƒjÅ KgGj AG^Æi gƒjÅ e†w«¬ cvq| 4 5. wbGPi mgxKiYwU jÞ Ki: PT=MV+M1V1 K. A^Æ Kx? 1 L. AG^Æi gƒjÅ ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 M. mgxKiYwU A^ÆbxwZi ˆKvb weLÅvZ Zî½GK cÉwZwbwaZ½ KGi? 3 N. mgxKiGYi AvGjvGK `vgÕ¦i I AG^Æi ˆhvMvGbi mÁ·KÆ weGkÏlY KGiv|4 6. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ KGiv ‰es ZrmswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: K. AG^Æi gƒjÅ ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 1 L. evsjvG`Gki gy`Ëvi ˆhvMvb ˆK m†wÓ¡ KGi? 2 M. DcwiDÚ wPòwU KxfvGe wdkvGii eÚGeÅi mvG^ cÉvmwãK? 3 N. AG^Æi gƒjÅ Vm1 ˆ^GK Vm2 nGj evRvi eÅeÕ©vq ˆKvGbvi…c cÉfve coGe wKbv, ˆZvgvi gZvgZ eÅÚ KGiv| 4 7. Rwni mvGne ‰Kw`b emy®¬iv kwcs gGj wMGq ˆKvGbv ‰KwU eÕ§i wewbgGq cwievGii mevi RbÅ CG`i ˆKbvKvUv KGi wbGq ‰Gjb| AbÅw`GK wZwb Zvi wcZvi wKQy FY H eÕ§i wewbgGq cwiGkva KiGjb| Rwni mvGne Zvi fwelÅr RxeGbi K^v wP¯¦v KGi H eÕ§Uv mçq KGib| ‰gbwK H eÕ§wUi wewbgGq Rwni mvGne wekvj evwo ‰es `vwg Mvwo KÌq KGi mgvGR ghÆv`v e†w«¬ KGib| ‰fvGeB H eÕ§i «¼viv mgvGRi A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGbi c^ myMg nGqGQ| K. AG^Æi Pvwn`v Kx? 1 L. A^Æ mieivGni Dcv`vb KqwU I Kx Kx? 2 M. Rwni mvGne ˆh eÕ§i wewbgGq CG`i ˆKbvKvUv KiGjb Zvi mvG^ AvgvbGZi cv^ÆKÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Rwni mvGnGei H eÕ§wUi A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 8. ˆmvnvM ‰KwU Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vGb PvKwi KGib| ‰ cÉwZÓ¤vbwU ‰K ˆkÉwYi RbMGYi KvQ ˆ^GK A^Æ AvgvbZ wnGmGe Av`vq KGi eÅemvwqK DGóGkÅ Aci ˆkÉwYi ˆjvKG`iGK FY cÉ`vb KGi gybvdv ARÆb KGi ^vGK| ‰ cÉwZÓ¤vbwU eügyLx KvhÆvewj mÁ·v`b KGi ^vGK| cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi ‰me KvhÆvewj ‰KwU ˆ`Gki mvweÆK A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGb bvbvfvGe mnvqZv KGi ^vGK| K. A^Æ Kx? 1 L. AG^Æi KvhÆvewj ejGZ Kx ˆevS| 2 M. DóxcGK ˆmvnvM ˆh cÉwZÓ¤vGb KgÆiZ Zvi aviYv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vGbi mvG^ ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi cv^ÆKÅ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 9. `yB e®¬y mwdK I iwdK KGjGR Avmvi mgq mwdK ejj ˆh Zvi Ave»y ZvGK mKvGj 100 UvKv w`GqGQ, ˆmLvb ˆ^GK ˆm 20 UvKv wiÝv fvov cwiGkva KGiGQ| iwdK ejj ˆmB wiÝvIqvjv wfÞzKGK 10 UvKv wfÞv w`GqGQ| AbÅw`GK iwdK ejj Ave»y AvgvGK AvGMi Zzjbvq w«¼àY UvKv ˆ`q| ZviciI cƒGeÆi ˆPGq ˆewk wRwbm cò KÌq KiGZ cvwi bv| mwdK ejj UvKvi gƒjÅ KGg ˆMGQ| K. gy`Ëvi gƒjÅ Kx? 1 L. AG^Æi cÉPjb MwZ Kx? 2 M. AG^Æi cwigvY I `vgÕ¦i wbGq ˆh AvGjvPbv nGqGQ Zv mgxKiGYi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK AG^Æi cwigvY, `vgÕ¦i I A^ÆgƒjÅ wbGq ˆh AvGjvPbv nGqGQ Zv wPGòi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 10.AvRgj mvGne A^ÆbxwZ KÑvGm AG^Æi gƒjÅ wbGq AvGjvPbv KiwQGjb| wZwb ejGjb, 1911 mvGj cÉKvwkZ "The Purchasing Power of Money" MÉG¯© ejv nq AG^Æi cwigvY ˆh nvGi e†w«¬ cvq `vgÕ¦i ‰KB nvGi e†w«¬ cvq I AG^Æi gƒjÅ ‰KB nvGi nËvm cvq| K. A^Æ Kx? 1 L. hviv abx ZvG`iGK mgvGR mÁÃvGbi `†wÓ¡GZ ˆ`Lv nq| welqwU AG^Æi ˆKvb aiGbi KvhÆvewji A¯¦fzÆÚ? 2 M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ welqwU AG^Æi mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ ˆKvb Zî½GK BwãZ KGiGQ@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Zzwg wK gGb KGiv AG^Æi gƒjÅ wbaÆviGY DwjÐwLZ Zî½wU mÁ·ƒYÆ mdj? weGkÐlY KGiv| 4 11. bvmwib MvGgÆ´ŸGm KvR KGi| ‰LvGb KvR KGi ˆm ˆh ˆeZb cvq Zvi wKQy Ask wbGR ˆiGL evwK UvKv evwoGZ cvVvq| cƒGeÆ evwoGZ UvKv cvVvGZ Zvi AGbK mgmÅv nGZv| ‰Lb Zvi UvKv cvVvGZ ˆKvGbv mgmÅv nq bv| KviY ‰KwU eÅvsGK KvD´Ÿ KGi ˆgvevBGji gvaÅGg ˆm evwoGZ UvKv cvVvq| ‰GZ ˆm `Ë‚Z I ˆKvGbv aiGbi SuywK QvovB cÉwZ gvGm evwoGZ UvKv cvVvGœQ| K. AbjvBb eÅvswKs Kx? 1 L. AG^Æi cwigvY ZGî½i gƒj eÚeÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGK bvmwiGbi eZÆgvGb UvKv cvVvGbvi welqwU ˆKvb aiGbi eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌgGK cÉwZdwjZ KGi@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. eZÆgvGb bvmwib ˆh eÅvswKs eÅeÕ©vi gvaÅGg evwoGZ UvKv cvVvq Zvi ài‚Z½ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 VM O P2 P P 1 Vm2 Vm1 a b

g‡Wj cÖkœcÎ 1 gGWj ˆUÕ¡-1. A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò : m†Rbkxj welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq 2 N¥Ÿv 10 wgwbU gvb 60 [`ËÓ¡eÅ : Wvb cvGki msLÅv cÉGk²i cƒYÆgvb ævcK| cÉ`î DóxcKàGjv gGbvGhvM mnKvGi co ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ˆh ˆKvGbv QqwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe|] 1.MwY wgqv K‡wl KvR KGib| Zvi ‰K weNv Rwg AvGQ| mÁ·ƒYÆ Rwg eÅenvi KGi 50 gY Mg Drcv`b KiGjb| cieZÆxGZ avb Drcv`GbiI wm«¬v¯¦ wbGjb| dGj 25 gY avb Drcv`b nGjv| ZvGZ Mg Drcv`b KGg 40 gY nGjv| ‰ici ˆ`LGjb, avGbi `vg e†w«¬ cvGœQ| avb Drcv`b AviI e†w«¬ KGi 40 gY KiGjb| MGgi Drcv`b AviI KGg 25 gY nGjv| ‰fvGe avGbi `vg e†w«¬ cvIqvq mÁ·ƒYÆ RwgGZ avb Drcv`b KGi mGeÆvœP 50 gY avb Drcv`b nGjv| wK¯§ MGgi Drcv`b Kiv mÁ¿e nGjv bv| K. `yÓ·ÉvcÅZv KvGK eGj? 1 L. ˆh ˆ`Gk mKj DcKiGYi gvwjK miKvi ˆm ˆ`Gk Drcv`b eÅeÕ©v ˆKgb? 2 M. 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DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ gZje ^vbvi K‡wl kÉwgGKi ˆhvMvb ˆiLvi AvK‡wZi KviY weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 6.bIMuv ˆRjvi Rbve kvgQyj mvGnGei PvKwii cvkvcvwk ‰KwU cvwievwiK cÉKvkbv eÅemv AvGQ| mG¯¦vlRbK ˆeZb bv cvIqvq, wZwb PvKwi ˆ^GK Aemi MÉnY KGib ‰es 50 jÞ UvKv Aemi myweav cvb| ‰ UvKvi gGaÅ 5 jÞ UvKv cvwievwiK eÅGqi RbÅ ivGLb| 10 jÞ UvKvq ‰KwU evwo ŠZwi KGib| 15 jÞ UvKvq BGjÙÇwbK gvGKÆGU ‰KwU ˆ`vKvb KÌq KGib| 12 jÞ UvKvq H ˆ`vKvGb weKÌGqi RbÅ BGjÙÇwbK cYÅ wKGbb| AewkÓ¡ UvKvq ‰KwU Avg evMvb KÌq KGib| DGÍÏLÅ ˆh, cÉKvkbv eÅemv jvfRbK bv nIqvq, wZwb ‰ eÅemv 4 jÞ UvKvq wewKÌ KGi DÚ UvKvq fvovi DGóGkÅ ‰KwU gvBGKÌvevm KÌq KGib, ˆhwU XvKvq Š`wbK fvovi wfwîGZ PGj| K. gƒjab ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1 L. Lwbi cÉvK‡wZK MÅvm ˆKb gƒjab bq? 2 M. kvgQyj mvGnGei Õ©vqx gƒjab wPwn×Z KGi Zvi cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK gƒjaGbi ˆKvb ˆKvb aiGbi MwZkxjZv m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 7.2012 mvj ˆ^GK `kÆbv wPwb KGj WvqvGewUm ˆivMxG`i RbÅ weGkl cÉK‡wZi Nb wPwb Drcv`b Kiv nq| Õ¼vÕ©Å wefvM ˆ^GK AbÅ ˆKvGbv ˆKvÁ·vwbGK ‰B wPwb Drcv`Gbi jvBGm´Ö ˆ`qv nqwb| ˆ`Gki cÉZů¦ AçGjI ‰B KviLvbvq Nb wPwb WvqvGewUm ˆivMxG`i KvGQ my-cwiwPZ| ˆ`keÅvcx eÅvcK Pvwn`vi KviGY 2014 mvGj miKvwi AbygwZ wbGq eümsLÅK ˆKvÁ·vwb Nb wPwb evRviRvZ KiGZ ^vGK| K. Av¯¦RÆvwZK evRvi Kx? 1 L. wewf®² aiGbi `ËeÅ Drcv`bKvix dvgÆ wgGj wK ‰KwU wk͸ nGZ cvGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK 2012 mvGj Nb wPwbi evRvi KvVvGgv Kxi…c wQj? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. 2014 mvGj AbÅvbÅ ˆKvÁ·vwb Drcv`b ÷i‚ KiGj ˆfvÚvG`i Ici Kxi…c cÉfve coGe? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 8.Rbve ˆgvÕ¦dv KvgvGji ‘K’ `ËGeÅi wewf®² ‰KK ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ DcGhvM mƒwPGZ ˆ`Iqv nGjv- `ËGeÅi ‰KK ˆgvU DcGhvM 1g 5 2q 9 3q 12 4^Æ 14 5g 15 6Ó¤ 15 7g 14 K. A^ÆbxwZGZ DcGhvM Kx? 1 L. ˆKvGbv `ËGeÅi wbRÕ¼ `vg AcwiewZÆZ ˆ^GK cwicƒiK `ËGeÅi `vg KgGj weGePÅ Pvwn`v Kxi…c nGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi Z^Å eÅenvi KGi ˆgvU DcGhvM ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi Dcvî A^ÆbxwZi ˆKvb wewai mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv| 4 9.ˆjvKmvb nIqvq wmGg´Ÿ dÅvÙixi gvwjK Rbve Avwmd KviLvbvwU e®¬ KiGZ Pvb| wZwb RvbGZ cviGjb PuvcvBbeveMGé AvGgi RyGmi KuvPvgvj myjf gƒGjÅ cvIqv hvq| ZLb wZwb Zvi wmGg´Ÿ dÅvÙix weKÌq KGi PuvcvBbeveMGé RvqMv KÌq KGi Rym dÅvÙix wbgÆvY KiGjb| dÅvÙixi KuvPvgvj KÌq Kivi RbÅ wZwb eÅvsK ˆ^GK 50 jÞ UvKv FY wbGjb| wZwb Zvi gbvdvi ‰KwU Ask MwœQZ ivLGZb ‰es Zv cieZÆx mgGq cybivq Drcv`b KvGR eÅenvi KiGZb| K. gƒjab Kx? 1 L. AvqKi e†w«¬ KiGj gƒjab MVGbi Dci wK aiGbi cÉfve cGo? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK RyGmi KviLvbv Õ©vcb gƒjaGbi ˆKvb aiGbi MwZkxjZv wbG`Æk KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. dÅvÙixi wbgÆvY eÅq ‰es eÅvsK FY ‰KB aiGbi gƒjab wbG`Æk KGi wK? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 gGWj ˆUÕ¡: cƒYÆvã cÉÕ§wZ

dP 2 cv‡Äix m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ gGWj ˆUÕ¡-2. A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò : eüwbeÆvPwb cÉk² welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq 40 wgwbU [`ËÓ¡eÅ : 40wU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| cÉwZwU cÉGk²i gvb 1|] gvb 40 1. weGk¼ Kq aiGbi A^Æ‹bwZK eÅeÕ©v cÉPwjZ AvGQ? K `yB L wZb M Pvi N cuvP 2. wbGPi ˆKvbwU ˆgŒwjK A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅv? K AfvGei Zzjbvq cÉhywÚ ævGbi ռ͸Zv L AfvGei Zzjbvq mÁ·G`i ռ͸Zv M AfvGei Zzjbvq Drcv`Gbi ռ͸Zv N AfvGei Zzjbvq wkG͸i ռ͸Zv 3. abZvw¯¨K A^ÆeÅeÕ©vq cÉwZwU eÅwÚi cƒYÆ Õ¼vaxbZv ^vGK i. Drcv`b ˆÞGò ii. e¥ŸGbi ˆÞGò iii. ˆfvGMi ˆÞGò wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 4. ˆKvb `ËeÅ `ywUi AvovAvwo wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv kƒbÅ? K wUwf I wPwb L Pv I Kwd M Kjg I ˆcw´Öj N ˆKvK I ˆmGfb Avc 5. ˆhvMvb wewai MvwYwZK i…c ˆKvbwU? K dQ = (p) > o L dQ dP = (p) < o M dQ dP = Amxg N dQ dP = O AbyGœQ`wU cGov ‰es 6 I 7 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Rbve iwng ‰KRb eÅemvqx| wZwb A͸w`GbB AGbK UvKvi gvwjK nGqGQb| ‰Lb wZwb ‰KwU Mvwo ˆKbvi Õ¼µ² ˆ`LGQb| 6. Rbve iwnGgi Mvwo ˆKbvi Õ¼µ² Pvwn`vi wZbwU kZÆ cƒiY KGi| ˆhàGjvi ‰KwU nGjv K mvgémÅ L mvg^ÆÅ M cwiGek N ˆKvbwUB bq 7. Rbve iwnGgi Mvwo ˆKbvi BœQvGK Pvwn`v ejv nGZv bv hw` i. chÆvµ¦ UvKv bv ^vKZ ii. UvKv eÅq Kivi BœQv bv ^vKZ iii. hw` ˆewk UvKv ^vKZ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 8. DcGhvM nGjv `ËeÅ ˆmevi A¯¦wbÆwnZ i. àY I ÞgZv ii. ÞgZv iii. ˆfvM I Z‡wµ¦ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 9. Drcv`b evovGbvi RbÅ KÌgvMZ ˆewk cwigvY DcKiY wbGqvM KiGj mvaviYZ Kx KgGe? K Drcv`b L Avq M cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b N eÅq AbyGœQ`wU cGov ‰es 10 I 11 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: ‰KwU mycvi gvGKÆU KZ‡ÆcÞ wbGRG`i RbÅ we`yÅr Drcv`b KiGZ ‰KwU ˆRbvGiUi KÌq KGib| ˆRbvGiUi w`Gq we`yÅr Drcv`Gb R¾vjvwb ˆZj eÅenvi KiGZ nq| 10. we`yÅr Drcv`Gb mycvi gvGKÆU KZ‡ÆcGÞi Kx aiGbi eÅq enb KiGZ nGœQ? K wÕ©i eÅq L cwieZÆbxq eÅq M `xNÆKvjxb eÅq N K I L `ywUB 11. we`yÅr Drcv`Gbi mvG^ mÁ·wKÆZ welqàGjv wbÁ²i…c i. we`yÅr Drcv`Gbi mvG^ ռ͸Kvjxb Drcv`b eÅq RwoZ ii. Õ©vqx gƒjab I PjwZ gƒjab iGqGQ iii. gvòvMZ Drcv`b wewa KvhÆKi iGqGQ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 12. Drcv`b eÅq Kx? K Drcv`Gbi RbÅ DcKiGYi ˆh eÅq L Drcv`Gbi RbÅ DcKiGYi Avq M Drcv`Gbi DcKiGYi cwieZÆb N Drcv`Gbi RbÅ `ËGeÅi cwieZÆb 13. ˆKvbwU cwieZÆbkxj eÅq? K wbivcîvKgÆxi ˆeZb L KuvPvgvj M h¯¨cvwZ N cÉkvmwbK KgÆKZÆv 14. AC hLb wbÁ²Mvgx ZLb ˆKvbwU NGU? K AC > MC L AC = MC M AC < MC N AC MC 15. AcƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi K AR = MR L AR < MR M AR > MR N AC MC 16. The Monopolist is the Industry ˆK eGjGQb? K Avi wR wW AÅvGjb L wcGqGi mÉvdv M Avi. wR. wjcwm N ˆPÁ¼viwjb AbyGœQ`wU cGov ‰es 17 I 18 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: wKQymsLÅK mvevb ŠZwii DG`ÅvÚvi gGaÅ wKGkvi BgwZqvR mvGne ‰KRb bZzb DG`ÅvÚv| Drcv`b ˆÞGò eZÆgvGb cÉwZgvGm Zvi ˆgvU eÅq nq 3,00,000 UvKv| ‰GÞGò KuvPvgvj I AbÅvbÅ cwieZÆbkxj eÅq eve` LiP nq 2,00,000 UvKv| wK¯§ mvevb wewKÌ ˆ^GK Zvi Avq nq gvwmK 2,40,000 UvKv| 17. DóxcGKi evRviwU wbGÁ²i ˆKvb aiGbi evRvGii mvG^ mãwZcƒYÆ? K ‰KGPwUqv cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK L w«¼-cvwÞK ‰KGPwUqv Kvievi M cƒYÆcÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK N AwjGMvcwj 18. wbGÁ²i ˆKvb kGZÆ evRviwU cwiPvwjZ nGœQ? K P > AC L AC > P > AVC M P = AC N P = AVC 19. wbGÁ²i ˆKvb evRvGi `vg wÕ©i ^vGK? K cƒYÆcÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK L ‰KGPwUqv M WzGqvcwj N WzGqvcmwb 20. gRywii nvGii mvG^ ˆKvbwUi mÁ·KÆ wecixZ? K kÉwgK L msMVb M gƒjab N kÉGgi Pvwn`v 21. Drcv`Gbi Dcv`vb wnGmGe kÉGgi AeÕ©vb KZ bÁ¼Gi? K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 22. kÉGgi ˆhvMvb ˆ`q ˆK? K Drcv`Kiv L weGKÌZviv M kÉwgKiv N gnvRbiv 23. gƒjaGbi Õ©vbv¯¦iGK Kx eGj? K Õ©vqx gƒjab L PjwZ gƒjab M gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZv N gƒjaGbi ˆhvMvb 24. gƒjab MVGbi cÉwKÌqv KqwU Õ¦Gi wefÚ? K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 5wU 25. gƒjab ‰i ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆKvbwU? K gƒjab Õ©vqx L gƒjab Abyrcv`bkxj M gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZv N gƒjab AZxZ kÉGgi dj 26. gƒjab MVGbi Dcvq KqwU? K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 5wU AbyGœQ`wU cGov ‰es 27 I 28 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: iwng I Kwig `yB e®¬y wgGj eÅemv KGi| 1 eQi ci Zviv ZvG`i Avi ‰K e®¬y Re»viGK ZvG`i eÅemvi Askx`vi wnGmGe wbj| 27. iwng, Kwig I Re»vi ˆh Kvievi KGi ZvGK eGj K ‰KgvwjKvbv Kvievi L ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx Kvievi M mçqx Kvievi N Askx`vwi Kvievi 28. iwng, Kwig I Re»vi ‰i eÅemvq myweav nGjv i. ˆewk cyuwR msMÉn ii. SzuwK e¥Ÿb iii. FGYi myweav wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 29. Askx`vwi KvievGii m`mÅ msLÅv KZ? K 2-20 Rb L 1-18 Rb M 2-15 Rb N 2-10 Rb 30. Pçj Zvi KGqKRb e®¬yGK mGã wbGq ‰KwU eÅemv ÷i‚ KiGjb| ZvG`i ‰ eÅemv cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆKvb aiGbi KvievGii D`vniY? K Askx`vwi Kvievi L mgevq Kvievi M ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx Kvievi N ‰KgvwjKvbv Kvievi 31. wbg LvRbvi cÉeÚv ˆK? K gvkÆvj L wiKvGWÆv M wcà N ˆKB´Ö 32. AvaywbK Z^Åvbyhvqx LvRbv nGjv i. AcÉvPzhÆRwbZ LvRbv ii. cÉvPzhÆRwbZ LvRbv iii. Rwgi LvRbv kƒbÅ nGjI Rwg wÕ©i wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 33. Rwg eÅenvGii RbÅ Zvi Õ¼Z½vwaKvixGK ˆh A^Æ cÉ`vb Kiv nq ZvGK Kx eGj? K LvRbv L gRywi M my` N jvf 34. ‰KwU Ave«¬ A^ÆbxwZGZ mvgwMÉK AvGqi mij mgxKiY ˆKvbwU? K C + I + G + (X – M) L C + I + (Xn) M C + I + G N C + I 35. Õ¼qÁ¿„Z ˆfvM ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? K Avq e†w«¬i ˆPGq ˆfvM ˆewk e†w«¬ L Avq e†w«¬ AGcÞv ˆfvM e†w«¬ Kg nvGi M Avq kƒbÅ nGj ˆfvM kƒbÅ nGe N Avq kƒbÅ nGj wKQy cwigvY ˆfvM ^vKGe 36. wbU RvZxq Drcv`b wbYÆGq `iKvi i. P„ov¯¦ chÆvGqi `ËeÅ I ˆmevi Avw^ÆK gƒjÅ ii. gƒjab eÅenviRwbZ AePq eÅq iii. wbU Drcv`b wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 37. gy`Ëvi ˆhvMvb m†wÓ¡Kvix Dcv`vb ˆKvbwU? K eÅwÚ L evwYwRÅK eÅvsK M miKvi N wewbGqvMKvix cÉwZÓ¤vb 38. FY m†wÓ¡i mxgve«¬Zvq KvR KGi i. bƒÅbZg wiRvGfÆi cwigvY ii. bM` wcÉqZv iii. cÉv^wgK AvgvbGZi cwigvY wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii AbyGœQ`wU cGov ‰es 39 I 40 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Avwbmyi mvGne Zvi mwçZ A^Æ ‰KwU Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vGb Rgv ivGLb| mµ¦vGni ˆh ˆKvb w`b ‰B AvgvbZ ˆ^GK UvKv DVvGbv mÁ¿e| ZGe ‰ RbÅ cÉwZÓ¤vbwU ˆKvb jvf ˆ`q bv| 39. Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi bvg Kx? K evwYwRÅK eÅvsK L mgevq eÅvsK M ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK N weGkl eÅvsK 40. ˆ`Gki A^ÆbxwZGZ DÚ Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vGbi Ae`vb nGjv i. gy`Ëvi gvb msiÞY ii. A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qb iii. gƒjab MVb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1 M 2 L 3 N 4 K 5 K 6 L 7 K 8 K 9 N 10 N 11 N 12 K 13 L 14 K 15 M 16 M 17 K 18 L 19 K 20 N Dîigvjv 21 K 22 M 23 M 24 L 25 N 26 L 27 N 28 N 29 K 30 K 31 K 32 M 33 K 34 M 35 M 36 K 37 L 38 N 39 K 40 M

g‡Wj cÖkœÎ 3 gGWj ˆUÕ¡-4. A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò : m†Rbkxj welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq 2 N¥Ÿv 10 wgwbU gvb 60 [`ËÓ¡eÅ : Wvb cvGki msLÅv cÉGk²i cƒYÆgvb ævcK| cÉ`î DóxcKàGjv gGbvGhvM mnKvGi co ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ˆh ˆKvGbv QqwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe|] 1.gvBGKj I Rvwgj h^vKÌGg ‘K’ I ‘L’ ˆ`Gki bvMwiK| Zviv `yRb ‰KB wek¼we`ÅvjGq coGQ| AvjvcPvwiZvq gvBGKj Rvbvq, Zvi ˆ`Gk `ËeÅ ˆfvM I Drcv`Gb mevB Õ¼vaxb| ˆfvM I Drcv`b mewKQyB wbaÆvwiZ nq Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvGbi gvaÅGg| Rvwgj Rvbvq, Zvi ˆ`Gk `ËeÅ Drcv`b I ˆfvGMi ˆÞGò eÅwÚ mÁ·ƒYÆ Õ¼vaxb bq| ˆKvGbv ˆKvGbv ˆÞGò evRvi `vg gyLÅ f„wgKv cvjb KiGjI AGbK ˆÞGò KZ‡ÆcÞ evRvGii IcGi cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGi| K. `yÓ·ÉvcÅZv Kx? 1 L. wbG`ÆkgƒjK A^ÆeÅeÕ©vq cÉwZGhvwMZv ^vGK bv ˆKb? 2 M. gvBGKGji ˆ`Gk ˆKvb aiGbi A^ÆeÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. gvBGKj I RvwgGji ˆ`Gk `vg eÅeÕ©v ‰KBfvGe KvhÆKi nq bv ˆKb? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 2. `vg (P) UvKv Pvwn`v cwigvY (Qd) ‰KK 1 30 2 20 3 10 K. Pvwn`v KvGK eGj? 1 L. Pvwn`v AGcÞK I ˆhvMvb AGcÞGKi cv^ÆKÅ ˆ`LvI| 2 M. DóxcGKi mƒwP Abyhvqx Pvwn`v ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. hw` Avq e†w«¬ cvq ZvnGj DóxcGKi mƒwPGZ ˆKvGbv cwieZÆb nGe wK? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 3. `vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY 5 55 15 5 K. Pvwn`vi mÁ·ÉmviY Kx? 1 L. FZz cwieZÆGbi ˆcÉwÞGZ ˆhvMvGbi cwieZÆb nq ˆKb? 2 M. mƒwP ˆ^GK Pvwn`v AGcÞK wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi AvGjvGK `ËeÅwUi cÉK‡wZ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 4.‰KwU dvGgÆi Drcvw`Z cGYÅi weKÌq mƒwP wbÁ²i…c: `vg (UvKv) Pvwn`v cwigvY (‰KK) 8 1 7 2 6 3 5 4 K. gGbvcmwb evRvi KvGK eGj? 1 L. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi AR = MR nq ˆKb? 2 M. cÉ`î mƒwP ˆ^GK ˆgvU Avq (TR) ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi mƒwPi wfwîGZ Mo Avq (AR) ˆiLv Aâb KiGj ˆiLvwU wK ‰KGPwUqv evRvGii Mo Avq (AR) ˆiLvi mvG^ msãwZcƒYÆ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 5. wkÍÏx ˆeMg wek¼we`Åvjq ˆkl KGi PvKwii wcQGb bv QyGU ‰KwU eywUK KviLvbv cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| Zvi KviLvbvq 7 Rb kÉwgK KvR KGib| wZwb ‰KB eÅemvi DcKiY msMÉn KGib ‰es eÅeÕ©vcbvi `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib| cÉ^g eQi 3 jÞ UvKv gybvdv nGj wZwb Zvi eÅemvGK AviI cÉmvwiZ KGib| ‰ eÅemvi SuywK ZvGK ‰KKfvGe enb KiGZ nq| K. msMVb Kx? 1 L. msMVb I DG`ÅvÚvi cv^ÆKÅ Kx? 2 M. wk͸x ˆeMGgi KvievGii gvwjKvbvi aib eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ aiGbi eÅemvi myweav eYÆbv KGiv| 4 6.ivGnjv ˆeMg ‰KRb eÅemvqx| MÉvGg Zvi ‰KwU Þz`Ë KviLvbv AvGQ hvGZ cÉv^wgK wewbGqvGMi cwigvY 15 jÞ UvKv| cGii eQi ‰B KviLvbvq gƒjaGbi cwigvY `vovj 18 jÞ UvKv| mÁ·ÉwZ miKvi ˆNvwlZ wKQy wewbGqvM ev®¬e kGZÆ DrmvwnZ nGq, wZwb eÅvsK ˆ^GK FY wbGq KviLvbvwUGK knGGi Õ©vbv¯¦i Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ wbGqGQb| ‰Qvov Zvi 5 jÞ UvKvi mçq còI AvGQ| K. mçq Kx? 1 L. h¯¨cvwZ wK PjwZ gƒjab? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGK gƒjaGbi ˆKvb aiGbi MwZkxjZv jÞ Kiv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. “eÅvsK FY bv ˆcGjI ivGnjv ˆeMGgi cGÞ KviLvbv Õ©vbv¯¦i mÁ¿e”- DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ ˆ`LvI| 4 7.mvRyi 2 ‰Ki Rwg AvGQ| 2008 mvj ˆ^GK wZwb DÚ RwgGZ Uvbv 5 eQi MvRi Pvl KGib| 1g eQi 1 Rb kÉwgK wbGqvM w`Gq Drcv`b nq 4 Ub| MvRi Drcv`b jvfRbK ˆ`GL wZwb cieZÆx cÉwZ eQiB AwZwiÚ 1 Rb KGi kÉwgK wbGqvM ˆ`b ‰es Drcv`b nq h^vKÌGg 12 Ub, 16 Ub, 16 Ub ‰es 14 Ub| K. Drcv`b eÅq Kx? 1 L. wk͸GÞGò KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewawU AGcÞvK‡Z ˆ`wiGZ KvhÆKi nq ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcGKi wfwîGZ MvRGii ˆgvU Drcv`b ˆiLvwU Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK MvRi Drcv`Gbi mKj chÆvGqB KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewawU KvhÆKi nGqGQ wK?- ˆZvgvi hywÚi mcGÞ gZvgZ `vI| 4 8.wbGPi AGcÞKwU jÞ Ki: Q = 5+3p K. AGcÞK KvGK eGj? 1 L. Õ¼vaxb PjK I Aaxb PjGKi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ Kx? 2 M. AGcÞKwU ˆ^GK ˆjLwPò Aâb KGiv| 3 N. cÉ`î AGcÞKwU Kx AGcÞK-eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 9.‘K’ ˆ`Gki miKvi 10 UvKv wd wewbgGq miKvwi nvmcvZvj ˆ^GK weGklæ wPwKrmGKi civgkÆ MÉnGYi eÅeÕ©v KGiGQ| wg. KwigI wbRÕ¼ DG`ÅGM AvaywbK wPwKrmvi mKj myweav mÁ¼wjZ ‰KwU nvmcvZvj ŠZwi KGiGQb| Aciw`GK, ‘L’ ˆ`Gki Õ¼vÕ©ÅLvZ ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi mKj A^Æ‹bwZK LvZ miKvi KZ‡ÆK cwiPvwjZ nq| K. eÅwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZ KvGK eGj? 1 L. ‘mÁ·G`i cwigvY Amxg nGj wbeÆvPGbi mgmÅv ^vKZ bv’- ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ‘K’ ˆ`Gk ˆKvb aiGbi A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi ŠewkÓ¡Å we`Åvgvb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ `ywU ˆ`Gki ˆKvbwUi gGaÅ ˆkÉwY ŠelgÅ ˆewk eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4

4 cv‡Äix m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ gGWj ˆUÕ¡-5. A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò : eüwbeÆvPwb cÉk² welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq 40 wgwbU [`ËÓ¡eÅ : 40wU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| cÉwZwU cÉGk²i gvb 1|] gvb 40 1. The principle of Economic’ Mɯ¨wUi ˆjLK ˆK? K ‰Wvg wÕÃ^ L gvkÆ M ‰j iwe´Ö N mÅvgyGqjmb 2. Amxg Afve I mxwgZ mÁ·` ˆ^GK D«¿e NGU i. ˆgŒwjK mgmÅv ii. `yÓ·ÉvcÅZv iii. wbeÆvPb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii DóxcKwU cGov ‰es 3 I 4 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: myRb `wi`Ë cwievGii m¯¦vb| ˆm cÉvq w`bB bv ˆLGq ^vGK| bv ˆLGq ^vKvGZ Zvi kixGi wewf®² ˆivMeÅvwa evmv euvaGZ ÷i‚ KGiGQ| eZÆgvb weGk¼ myRGbi gGZv AGbK wk÷B cÉvq bv ˆLGq ^vGK| 3. A^Æ‹bwZK `†wÓ¡GKvY ˆ^GK myRGbi fvGZi Pvwn`vGK Kx ejv hvq? K K‡wòg Pvwn`v L AK‡wòg Pvwn`v M ˆgŒwjK Pvwn`v N AGgŒwjK Pvwn`v 4. eZÆgvb weGk¼ myRGbi gGZv wk÷G`i bv ˆLGq ^vKvi RbÅ cÉavbZ `vqx ˆKvb mgmÅvwU? i. mÁ·G`i `yÓ·ÉvcÅZv ii. Amxg Afve iii. wk÷G`i cÉwZ AeGnjv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 5. DcGhvM nGjv ˆKvb `ËGeÅi H weGkl àY ev ÞgZv hv gvbyGli Afve cƒiY KiGZ cvGi| ˆK eGjGQb? K ˆgqvmÆ L wjcwm M gvkÆvj N ‰j iwe´Ö wbGPi DcGhvM mƒwPwU chÆGeÞY KGi 6 I 7 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: `ËGeÅi ‰KK ˆgvU DcGhvM cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM 1 10 10 2 7 3 20 3 4 20 6. mƒwPGZ kƒbÅÕ©vGb ˆgvU DcGhvM I cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM KZ? K 17,0 L 7,20 M 10,4 N 10,3 7. mƒwP Abyhvqx ˆfvM e†w«¬i mvG^ cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM nËvm cvq i. ˆfvM e†w«¬i mvG^ mvG^ AvKv›Þvi nËvm cvq ii. `ËeÅwUi cÉwZ ˆfvÚvi AvKlÆY e†w«¬ cvq iii. ˆgvU DcGhvM KÌgnËvmgvb nvGi e†w«¬ cvq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 8. gƒjÅ e†w«¬ ˆcGj ˆhvMvb e†w«¬ cvq ‰es gƒjÅ nËvm ˆcGj ˆhvMvb nËvm cvq ˆh AeÕ©vi Ici wfwî KGi ZvnGjv i. ˆfvÚvi Avq wÕ©i ^vKGe ii. ˆfvÚvi AvGqi wf®²Zv ^vKGe iii. Õ¼vfvweK mgq weGewPZ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es 9 I 10 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 9. wPò-1 ˆh aviYvwUGK wbG`Æk KGi ZvnGjv K fvimvgÅ Avq wbaÆviY L fvimvgÅ `vg I cwigvY M fvimvgÅ Drcv`b N fvimvgÅ DcGhvM wbaÆviY 10. ‘E’ we±`yGZ Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvb nGjv i. Pvwn`vi ˆPGq ˆhvMvb ˆewk ii. Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvb mgvb iii. Pvwn`vi ˆPGq ˆhvMvb Kg wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii M ii I iii N iii 11. KÌgnËvmgvb Drcv`b wewaGZ eÅvLÅv Kiv nq ˆKvbwU? K ˆgvU Avq I ˆgvU eÅGqi gGaÅ mÁ·KÆ L ‰KwU KviLvbvi mGeÆvœP gybvdvi AeÕ©v M ռ͸GgqvG` mÁ·G`i ˆhvMvb I Drcv`Gbi gGaÅ mÁ·KÆ N `xNÆGgqvG` mÁ·G`i ˆhvMvb I Drcv`Gbi gGaÅ mÁ·KÆ 12. ˆKvb eÅq ˆiLvi AvK‡wZ U AvK‡wZi nq? K ռ͸Kvjxb Mo eÅq L `xNÆKvjxb Mo eÅq M ռ͸Kvjxb cwieZÆbkxj eÅq N `xNÆKvjxb cwieZÆbkxj eÅq 13. Drcv`b 4, ˆgvU wÕ©i eÅq 5, ˆgvU cwieZÆbkxj eÅq 20 ZvnGj AVC KZ? K 5 L 4 M 10 N 20 14. gvòvMZ Drcv`b nGjv i. KÌgnËvmgvb ii. KÌgeaÆgvb iii. mgvbycvwZK wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 15. MC ˆiLv AC ˆiLvi ˆKv^vq ˆQ` KGi? K AC ˆiLvi meÆwbÁ² we±`yi evGg L AC ˆiLvi meÆwbÁ² we±`yi WvGb M AC ˆiLvi meÆwbÁ² we±`yGZ N AC ˆiLvi ˆKv^vI ˆQ` KGi bv 16. mgGqi wfwîGZ Drcv`b AGcÞK KZ cÉKvi? K 2 cÉKvi L 3 cÉKvi M 4 cÉKvi N 5 cÉKvi 17. ˆKvb KvievGi `jxq fvimvgÅ jÞÅ Kiv hvq? K ‰KGPwUqv Kvievi L gGbvcwj Kvievi M WzGqvcwj Kvievi N ‰KGPwUqvgƒjK cÉwZGhvwMZv Kvievi 18. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvq ռ͸KvGj dvGgÆi fvimvGgÅi chÆvµ¦ ev 2q kZÆ Kx? K Xvj MC < Xvj MR L Xvj MR < Xvj MC M Xvj MR = Xvj MC N Xvj MR Xvj MC wPòwU jÞÅ Ki ‰es 19 I 20 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 19. wPGò MR ˆiLvwU ˆKvb evRvGii? K cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZv L ‰KGPwUqv M gGbvcmwb N WzGqvcwj 20. DÚ wPGò fvimvgÅ Õ©vcGbi RbÅ AbÅ ˆh ˆiLv cÉGqvRb nGjv i. AC ii. MC iii. TC wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i I iii 21. A^ÆbxwZGZ evRvi aviYvwU mÁ·wKÆZ nGjv i. Pvwn`vi mvG^ ii. KvGji mvG^ iii. ˆhvMvGbi mvG^ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 22. ‰KGPwUqv evRvGi Drcv`b KvR PvwjGq hvGe i. `vg (P) = Mo eÅq (AC) nGj ii. P > AC nGj iii. AC > P > AVC nGj wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 23. ˆKvGbv KvGRi cÉwZ AvKlÆY Zvi Avw^ÆK DcvRÆGbi Ici wbfÆi KGi bv eis Zvi cÉvµ¦ cÉK‡Z myGhvM-myweavi Ici wbfÆi KGi DwÚwU Kvi? K ‰Wvg wÕÃ^ L AaÅvcK gvkÆvj M iwebmb N RRÆ wÕ¡Mjvi 24. wbGPi ˆKvb K^vwU mwVK bq? K Avw^ÆK gRywi A^Æ «¼viv cwigvc Kiv nq L cÉK‡Z gRywi `ËeÅ I ˆmev KÌGqi cwigvc «¼viv cwigvc Kiv nq M cÉK‡Z gRywi `vgÕ¦Gii nËvm e†w«¬ «¼viv cÉfvweZ nq bv N Avw^ÆK gRywi cwigvc Kiv mnR 25. mçq Kg nGj wewbGqvM Kg nq| wewbGqvM Kg nGj i. gƒjab MVb cÉwKÌqv eÅvnZ nq ii. Drcv`b Kg nq iii. gƒjab MVGbi nviI Kg nq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 26. ‰K mgq ˆKvbwUGK cÉe†w«¬i PvwjKvkwÚ ejv nGZv? K gƒjab L kÉg M wewbGqvM N Drcv`b 27. DG`ÅvÚvi KvR nGjv i. cwiK͸bv cÉYqb Kiv ii. gƒjab msMÉn iii. DcKiY mg®¼q mvab wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 28. wbGPi ˆKvb msMVbwUGZ `Ë‚Z wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnGYi myGhvM ˆewk? K ‰KK gvwjKvbv L Askx`vwi M ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx N meàGjvB 29. ‘f„wg I AbÅvbÅ cÉvK‡wZK mÁ·G`i gvwjKvbv ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ AvqGK LvRbv eGj’@ DwÚwU Kvi? K ˆWwfW wiKvGWÆv L AaÅvcK gvkÆvj M RRÆ wÕ¡Mjvi N ˆRvqvb iwebmb 30. ˆgvU LvRbv ˆ^GK ˆKvb ˆKvb Dcv`vb ev` w`Gj A^Æ‹bwZK LvRbv cvIqv hvq? i. ˆKej Rwg eÅenvGii `vgÕ¼i…c Zvi gvwjKGK cÉ`î A^Æ ii. Rwgi gvwjGKi wbRÕ¼ kÉGgi gRywi iii. Rwgi gvwjGKi wbRÕ¼ gƒjab wbGqvM eve` my` iv. miKvGii cÉ`î Ki wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N ii, iii I iv 31. GDP =? K C + I + G L C + I + Z M Y + C + I N I + Y + G 32. eÅwÚMZ Avq-eÅwÚMZ cÉZÅÞ Ki + wbU eÅemvq mwKÌq = ? K cÉZÅÞ Avq L cGivÞ eÅq M eÅqGhvMÅ Avq N AvqGhvMÅ eÅq 33. wRwWwcGZ KvG`i Avq A¯¦fzÆÚ nq bv? K WvÚviG`i Avq L ˆ`Gki ˆjvK weG`Gk Avq KiGj ZvG`i M weG`Gki ˆjvK ˆ`Gk KvR KiGj ZvG`i N miKvwi KgÆPvixG`i 34. miKvwi eÅq weGewPZ nq bv Kq LvZ wewkÓ¡ A^ÆbxwZGZ? K `yB LvZ L wZb LvZ M Pvi LvZ N ‰KwUI bv 35. ˆ`Gki Drcv`b, Avq, ˆfvM, wewbGqvM Z^v A^ÆbxwZi wewf®² LvGZi KgÆaviv wKGmi wnmve gGaÅ wbwnZ? K eÅwÚMZ AvGq L gybvdvi M Drcvw`Z AvGqi N RvZxq AvGqi 36. ˆKB´Ö ‰i gGZ gy`Ëvi Pvwn`vi KviY KqwU? K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 5wU DóxcKwU cGov ‰es 37 I 38 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Rbve AvivdvZ PvKwi KGib| ˆekwKQy UvKv RGgGQ| wZwb Zv ˆ^GK fvGjv AvGqi Avkv KGib| AGbGKB ZvGK AGbK jvf ˆ`Ge ejGjI wZwb eÅvsGK wnmve LyGjGQb| 37. Rbve AvivdvZ AbÅò UvKv bv ˆiGL eÅvsGK ˆiGLGQb ‰i KviY i. ‰GÞGò SzuwK ˆbB ii. fvGjv Avq KiGZ cviGeb iii. ATM KvWÆ myweav Zvi KvGR jvMGe wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 38. A^Æ eÅvsGK Rgv ˆ`qvi gvaÅGg Kx m†wÓ¡ nq? K cÉK‡Z AvgvbZ L cGivÞ AvgvbZ M m†Ó¡ AvgvbZ N wewnZ gy`Ëv 39. wbGPi ˆKvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`Ëv? K 10 UvKvi ˆbvU L 5 UvKvi ˆbvU M 50 cqmvi avZe gy`ËvN K I L `ywUB 40. wbGPi ˆKvbwU gy`ËvGK A^Æen I MwZkxj KGi ZzGjGQ? K Drcv`K L ˆfvÚv M ˆKÌZv N eÅvsK 1 K 2 N 3 M 4 K 5 K 6 K 7 M 8 L 9 L 10 L 11 M 12 K 13 K 14 N 15 M 16 K 17 K 18 L 19 L 20 M Dîigvjv 21 N 22 N 23 L 24 M 25 N 26 L 27 N 28 K 29 K 30 N 31 K 32 M 33 L 34 K 35 N 36 L 37 N 38 K 39 M 40 N Y M P=A O X Avq I Drcv`b I

g‡Wj cÖkœÎ 5 gGWj ˆUÕ¡-6. A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò : m†Rbkxj welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq 2 N¥Ÿv 10 wgwbU gvb 60 [`ËÓ¡eÅ : Wvb cvGki msLÅv cÉGk²i cƒYÆgvb ævcK| cÉ`î DóxcKàGjv gGbvGhvM mnKvGi co ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ˆh ˆKvGbv QqwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe|] 1. Ave»vm ‰es AvwiGdi gGaÅ K^v nGœQ Avwid: evGQ` Zzwg ˆh ˆ`Gk ^vK, ˆm ˆ`kwU Lye my±`i ZvB bv? Ave»vm: meB my±`i, ZGe AvenvIqvUv fvGjv bv| Avwid: ˆKb Ave»vm, me my±`i ^vKGj AvenvIqvUv ˆZv fvGjv ^vKvi K^v| Ave»vm: bvGi, ˆmLvGb Lye kxZ| ‰B kxGZi QzwUGZ AbÅ ‰KwU ˆ`Gk ˆeovGZ wMGqwQjvg| ˆm ˆ`Gk wZb gvGmi gGaÅ wRwbmcGòi `vg ˆZv evGowb eis MZ KGqK eQGi bv wK ‰KB iKg AvGQ| Avwid: ˆm wK! ‰gb ˆ`k AvGQ bv wK weGk¼| K. ˆgŒwjK A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅv Kx? 1 L. ˆgŒwjK A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅv mgvavGbi KgÆchÆvq Kx Kx? 2 M. evGQG`i ˆ`Gk Kx aiGbi A^ÆeÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. evGQG`i ˆ`Gki A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi mvG^ wgkÉ A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi cv^ÆKÅ DóxcGKi AvGjvGK weGkÐlY KGiv| 4 2.wbGPi Pvwn`v mgxKiYwU jÞ KGiv ‰es cÉ`î cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI : D = 15 – 3P, ˆhLvGb D = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, P = `ËGeÅi `vg| K. PjK Kx? 1 L. PjK I aË‚eGKi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ Kx? 2 M. Pvwn`v mgxKiYwU ˆ^GK ‰KwU Pvwn`v ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. cÉ`î mgxKiYwU ˆh ‰KwU Pvwn`v mgxKiY Zv Zzwg KxfvGe cÉgvY KiGe? weGkÐlY KGiv| 4 3.igRvb ˆkL ‰KRb mœQj Pvwl| wZwb Zvi wbw`ÆÓ¡ AvqZGbi RwgGZ mbvZb c«¬wZGZ Pvl KGi cÉ^g eQi 5 nvRvi UvKv LiP KGib| ‰GZ Zvi RwgGZ 250 gY avb Drcvw`Z nq| cieZÆx wZb eQi wZwb LiP eve` chÆvqKÌGg 10, 15 I 20 nvRvi UvKv LiP KGi h^vKÌGg 600 gY, 950 gY, 850 gY avb Drcv`b KiGZ mÞg nb| cGi Drcv`b e†w«¬i jGÞÅ wZwb UÇvÙi w`Gq Pvlvev` ÷i‚ KGib| K. cÉvw¯¦K LiP Kx? 1 L. Drcv`b ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 M. igRvb ˆkGLi avb Drcv`b cÉwKÌqv ˆZvgvi eBGqi ˆKvb wewai mvG^ mvgémÅcƒYÆ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ wewawU memgq KvhÆKi nGe Kx? ˆZvgvi DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4 4.‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vGbi Drcvw`Z cGYÅi weKÌqmƒwP wbÁ²i…c: `vg (UvKv) 9 8 7 6 5 `ËGeÅi cwigvY (KzB´Ÿvj) 0 1 2 3 4 K. gGbvcmwb evRvi KvGK eGj? 1 L. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi ‰KKfvGe ˆKvb dvgÆ `vgGK cÉfvweZ KiGZ cvGi bv ˆKb? 2 M. cÉ`î mƒwP ˆ^GK cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi ˆgvU Avq ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. ˆKej mƒwPGZ cÉ`î ZG^Åi wfwîGZ cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi fvimvgÅ Drcv`b Õ¦i wbYÆq mÁ¿e wK? ˆZvgvi DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4 5.ivGnjv ˆeMg cÉv^wgKfvGe 12 jÞ UvKv wewbGqvM KGi MÉvGg ‰KwU eywUK nvDR ˆ`b| cGii eQi Zvi eywUK nvDGR gƒjab `uvovq 15 jÞ UvKv| Zvi 5 jÞ UvKvi mçqcòI AvGQ| mÁ·ÉwZ miKvi ˆNvwlZ wKQy wewbGqvM ev®¬e kGZÆ DrmvwnZ nGq wZwb eÅvsK ˆ^GK FY wbGq eywUK nvDRwU knGi Õ©vbv¯¦i Kivi wm®¬v¯¦ wbGqGQb| K. mçq Kx? 1 L. h¯¨cvwZ wK PjwZ gƒjab? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. ivGnjv ˆeMGgi wm«¬v¯¦ evÕ¦evqGbi gvaÅGg gƒjaGbi ˆKvb aiGbi MwZkxjZv NUGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. eÅvsK FY bv ˆcGjI wK ivGnjv ˆeMGgi cGÞ eywUK nvDR Õ©vbv¯¦i mÁ¿e? DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ ˆ`LvI| 4 6.ˆmwjg mvGne MÉvGg wKQy Abvevw` Rwg wjR wbGq ‰KwU Mi‚i Lvgvi MGo ZzGjGQb| LvgvGi 7 Rb KgÆPvwi AvGQ| LvgvGii hveZxq welGq cÉGqvRGb DcGRjvi c÷-mÁ·` welqK KgÆKZÆvi civgkÆ wbGq wbGRi gZ wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGib| AwRÆZ gybvdvi LvwbKUv Zvi cvwievwiK LiP ˆgUvGZ eÅenvi KGib, Avi euvwKUv Zvi LvgvGi wewbGqvM KGib| ˆmwjg mvGnGei Lvgvi ˆ`GL cvGki MÉvGg mvgv` mvGne Zviv AviI 4 RbGK wbGq cÉGZÅGK mgvb cwigvGY gƒjab w`Gq AviI eo AvKvGii ‰KwU Mi‚i Lvgvi ÷i‚ KiGjb| K. msMVb Kx? 1 L. ‘DG`ÅvÚvi AbÅZg KvR SuywK MÉnY’, ˆKb? eywSGq eGjv| 2 M. ˆmwjg mvGnGei ài‚i Lvgvi ˆKvb aiGbi msMVb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. ˆmwjg mvGnGei LvgvGii mvG^ mvgv` mvGnGei LvgvGii Zzjbv KGiv|4 7.aiv hvK, 2010 mvGj ‰KwU ˆ`Gki ˆgvU RvZxq Avq wQj 20,500 ˆKvwU UvKv| ˆm eQi wewbGqvM eÅq mçGqi mgvb wQj ‰es ‰i cwigvY wQj 10,500 ˆKvwU UvKv| K. GNI KvGK eGj? 1 L. cÉevmx evsjvG`wkG`i Avq evoGj GDP evoGe wK? eÅvLÅv `vI| 2 M. weGePÅ ˆ`Gk 2010 mvGj mçGqi mgvb wewbGqvM nGq ^vKGj mvgwMÉK ˆfvM eÅq KZ wQj? 3 N. Zzwg wK gGb KGiv, wewbGqvM eÅq 500 ˆKvwU UvKv ˆewk nGj fvimvgÅ RvZxq Avq AviI ˆewk nGZv? DîGii mcGÞ wPòmn eÅvLÅv `vI| 4 8.KGqKwU eÅvsK ‰KwU bZzb c«¬wZi ˆmev Pvjy Kivq eÅemvqx meyi mvGne B`vwbs ˆek wbfÆvi ˆeva KiGQb| ˆKbbv, ˆh eÅvsGK Zvi wnmve AvGQ ‰Lb wZwb ˆmwUi ˆhGKvGbv kvLvq A^Æ DGîvjb I Rgv w`GZ cvGib, NGi eGmB ‰KvDG´Ÿi eÅvGj´Ö RvbGZ cvGib, ‰gbwK w`bivZ ˆhGKvGbv mgq A^Æ DGîvjb KiGZ cvGib| ‰Qvov, ˆ`Gki KGqKwU eÅvsGKi wKQy KgÆKvíI Zvi `†wÓ¡ AvKlÆY KGiGQ| ˆhgb- wek¼ ‰BWm w`eGm ‰BWm ˆ^GK mveavb welGq cwòKvq ‰KwU eÅvsGKi weævcb, ‰KwU eÅvsGKi wkÞve†wîGZ Zvi ‰jvKvi wiÝvPvjK iwnGgi ˆQGji wek¼we`ÅvjGq cov, weG`wk nwK ˆKvP AvbGZ ‰KwU eÅvsGKi 1 ˆKvwU UvKv cÉ`vb| K. AvgvbZ KvGK eGj? 1 L. evsjvG`Gk cuvP UvKvi KGqbGK ˆKb mmxg wewnZ gy`Ëv ejv nq? 2 M. eÅvsK ˆ^GK meyi mvGnGei cÉvµ¦ ˆmevàwj ˆKvb aiGbi eÅvswKs ‰ cvIqv hvq? eÅvLÅv `vI| 3 N. evwYwRÅK KvGRi cvkvcvwk mvgvwRK KvhÆKÌGgI eÅvwYwRÅK eÅvsK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv ivLGZ cvGi| DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‰ welGq ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 9. Kwc msLÅv (kZ ‰KK) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ˆgvU eÅq (nvRvi UvKv) 0 10 18 24 32 45 60 K. Drcv`b AGcÞK KvGK eGi? 1 L. wÕ©i eÅq ^vGK bv KLb? eywSGq eGjv| 2 M. mƒwPGZ DwÍÏwLZ eBwUi ˆgvU eÅq ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. eBwUi Mo eÅq I cÉvw¯¦K eÅGqi gGaÅ ˆKvGbv mÁ·KÆ AvGQ wK? mƒwPi AvGjvGK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4

6 cv‡Äix m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ cª_g cÎ gGWj ˆUÕ¡-7. A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò : eüwbeÆvPwb cÉk² welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq 40 wgwbU [`ËÓ¡eÅ : 40wU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| cÉwZwU cÉGk²i gvb 1|] gvb 40 1. Macro kGõi A^Æ Kx? K e†nr L Þz`Ë M AwZe†nr N AwZÞz`Ë 2. abZvw¯¨K A^Æ eÅeÕ©vq Drcv`Gbi gƒj jÞÅ Kx? K gybvdv ARÆb L gybvdv meÆ wbÁ²KiY M gybvdv mGeÆvœPKiY N mvgvwRK wbivcîv 3. evRvi fvimvgÅ AeÕ©vq ˆcuŒQGZ nGj K Pvwn`v e†w«¬ KiGZ nGe L ˆhvMvb evovGZ nGe M `vg KgvGZ nGe N `vg wÕ©i ^vKGe 4. A^ÆbxwZi RbK ˆK? K AvjGdÌW gvkÆvj L cj. ‰. mÅvgyGqjmb M AÅvWvg wÕÃ^ N ‰j. iwe´Ö wbGPi wPòwU jÞ KGiv ‰es 5 I 6 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 5. DcwiDÚ wPò «¼viv Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K mgDrcv`b ˆiLv L DcGhvM ˆiLv M Pvwn`v ˆiLv N wbiGcÞ ˆiLv 6. wPGòi gvaÅGg eÅvLÅv Kiv hvq i. mgDrcv`b ii. myGhvM eÅq iii. `ywU `ËGeÅi mswgkÉY wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 7. ˆKvb aiGbi bxwZ ˆ`Gki A^ÆbxwZGK cwiPvwjZ KGi? K Avw^ÆK bxwZ L ivRÕ¼ bxwZ M mgvRZvw¯¨K bxwZ N Avw^ÆK I ivRÕ¼ Dfq bxwZ 8. A^Æ‹bwZK mgmÅv mgvavb KxfvGe nq? K Drcv`b wewbgq ˆfvM e¥Ÿb L Drcv`b ˆfvM wewbgq e¥Ÿb M Drcv`b wewbgq e¥Ÿb ˆfvM N Drcv`b e¥Ÿb ˆfvM wewbgq 9. ˆhvMvb ‰i wbaÆviKàGjvi gGaÅ ‘T’ «¼viv Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K AvenvIqv L `ËGeÅi `vg M Ki I fZzÆwK N mgq 10. D = F (p) ‰LvGb F «¼viv Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K Pvwn`v L ˆhvMvb M `vg N wbfÆikxjZv 11. Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi gvb wKi…c ^vGK? i. Ec > a ii. Ec < a iii. Ec = a wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 12. wÕ©wZÕ©vcK `ËGeÅi mxgvbv KZUzKz? K I < Ep < a L o < Ep < I M I > Ep > a N o > Ep > I DóxcKwU cGov ‰es 13 I 14 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: ˆbvfvi ‰KwU mycvi mc iGqGQ ˆhLvGb wKQy `ËGeÅi Ici miKvi Ki AvGivc KGi ‰es wKQy `ËGeÅi weKÌGqi RbÅ miKvi fZzÆwK cÉ`vb KGi ^vGK hv «¼viv Zvi eÅemvGqi fvimvgÅ iÞv cvq| 13. ˆbvfv ˆh mgÕ¦ `ËGeÅi Ici Ki cÉ`vb KGi ZvG`i cÉK‡wZ Kxi…c? K wbZÅcÉGqvRbxq L wejvmRvZxq M mvaviY `ËeÅ N wbZÅcÉGqvRbxq I wejvm RvZxq 14. ˆbvfv ˆh `ËGeÅi ˆÞGò fZzÆwK ˆcGq ^vGK ˆmàGjvi ˆÞGò `vGg wK AeÕ©v nq? K e†w«¬ cvq L Kg ^vGK M wÕ©i ^vGK N wKQyB nq bv 15. ˆKvb Õ¦Gi Drcv`Gbi cwigvY mGeÆvœP nq? K 1g Õ¦Gi L 2q Õ¦Gi M 2q I 1g Dfq Õ¦Gi N 3q Õ¦Gi 16. cƒRv 10 weNv RwgGZ imyb Pvl KGi cÉwZ eQi ‰KB cwigvY DcKiY cÉGqvM Kiv mGî½I djb ˆmB nvGi cvq bv| ‰gZveÕ©vq ˆm ˆKvb cÉKvi Drcv`Gbi mÁÃyLxb nq? K wÕ©i Drcv`Gbi L KÌgeaÆgvb Drcv`Gbi M KÌgnËvmgvb Drcv`Gbi N ˆKvbwUB bq 17. Q = F (S.T.R.A) AGcÞGK A «¼viv Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K f„wg L Avq M AvKv›Þv N `ÞZv 18. gGbvcmwb evRvGi ˆKÌZv KZRb? K 7 Rb L 10 Rb M 4 Rb N 1 Rb 19. DcGhvM nGjv `ËeÅ I ˆmevi A¯¦wbÆwnZ i. àY I `ÞZv ii. ÞgZv iii. ˆfvM I Z‡wµ¦ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 20. Ave«¬ A^ÆbxwZi mƒò wbYÆq Ki| K C + I + G L C + I M C + I + G + (X–M) N C + Xn 21. AC hLb Ea»ÆMvgx cÉK‡wZi nq ZLb AC I MC ‰i gGaÅ ˆKvb cÉKvi mÁ·KÆ ˆ`Lv hvq? K MC > AC L AC > MC M MC = AC N AC MC wbGPi DóxcKwU cGov ‰es 22 I 23 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: AcƒeÆ I gvwn `yB e®¬y wgGj ‰KwU eÅemv ÷i‚ Kij| 5 eQi ci Zviv ZvG`i Avi ‰K e®¬y wZZzgxiGK ZvG`i eÅemvq Askx`vi wnmvGe wbj| 22. AcƒeÆ, gvwn I wZZzgxi ˆh Kvievi KGi ZvGK eGj K Askx`vwi Kvievi L ‰KgvwjKvbv Kvievi M mçqx Kvievi N ˆhŒ^ gvwjKvbv Kvievi 23. wZbRGbi ‰KRb hw` eÅemv ZÅvM KGi ZGe cyuwRi e¥Ÿb wKi…c nGe? K mgq Abyhvqx L KvR Kivi `ÞZvi Ici M Askx`vwiGZ½i wfwîGZ N mgq I `ÞZv Abyhvqx 24. AvgvbZ KZ cÉKvi nq? K 2 cÉKvi L 3 cÉKvi M 4 cÉKvi N 5 cÉKvi 25. gy`ËvÕ¹xwZ AeÕ©vq `vgÕ¦i e†w«¬ ˆcGj AG^Æi KÌq ÞgZvi wKi…c cwieZÆb nq? K e†w«¬ cvq L nËvm cvq M mgvb ^vGK N ˆKvbwU nq bv wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es 26 I 27 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 26. wPGò ˆKvb we±`yGZ LvRbvi m†wÓ¡ nq bv? K B L A M L1 N L0 27. LvRbvi m†wÓ¡ nq ˆKb? K Pvwn`v wÕ©i AeÕ©vq L ˆhvMvb wÕ©i AeÕ©vq M Pvwn`v e†w«¬ ˆcGj N ˆKvbwUB bq 28. ˆKvbwU Qvov gƒjaGbi ˆKvb gƒjÅ ˆbB? K mçq L kÉg M wewbGqvM N KviLvbv 29. kÉg evRvGi kÉwgK ˆKvb w`KwU wbaÆviY KGi? K Pvwn`v L ˆhvMvb M cYÅ N KvGRi cwiGek 30. ˆKvb evRvGi `vg, Mo Avq I cÉvw¯¦K Avq ˆiLv c†^K Kiv hvq bv? K cƒYÆcÉwZGhvwMZvq L ‰KGPwUqvgƒjGK M WzGqvcwj evRvGi N gGbvcmwb evRvGi 31. wbGÁ²i ˆKvb `ËeÅwU ˆKvb `ËGeÅi cwicƒiK ev cwieZÆK bq? K Pvj L wPwb M jeY N Mg 32. Shut down point ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? K Drcv`b ÷i‚ Kiv L Drcv`b PvwjGq hvIqv M Drcv`b bv Kiv N ˆKvbwUB bq 33. RbmsLÅv I Lv`Å Drcv`b ev mÁ·` mxwgZ AeÕ©vq ˆh mgmÅvi D«¿e nq Zv ˆ^GK cwiòvGYi RbÅ ˆKvb kvÕ¨ AvGjvPbv KGi? K bxwZkvÕ¨ L ivRbxwZ M eÅeÕ©vcbv N A^ÆbxwZ kvÕ¨ 34. cƒYÆcÉwZGhvwMZvq `ËeÅ ˆKvb RvZxq nq? K wf®² cÉK‡wZi L cwieZÆK M mgRvZxq N cwicƒiK 35. wMGdb `ËGeÅi Pvwn`v ˆiLvi AvK‡wZ Kxi…c nq? K L M N 36. wbGÁ²i wPGòi ˆKvb we±`yGZ Xvj wbYÆq mÁ¿e? K M we±`y L N we±`y M R we±`y N T I R we±`y 37. MC = TC – TCn–1 DwÍÏwLZ mgxKiGY TCn–1 «¼viv Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K cƒeÆeZÆx eQGii LiP L eZÆgvb eQGii LiP M cieZÆx eQGii LiP N ˆgvU LiP 38. AC «¼viv Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K ˆKvb LiGPi cwieZÆbL ‰KK cÉwZ LiP M cÉvw¯¦K LiP N ˆKvbwU bq 39. ‰KGPwUqv evRvGi AR I MR ˆiLvi AvK‡wZ Kxi…c nq? K Ea»ÆMvgx L wÕ©i cÉK‡wZi M wbÁ²Mvgx N evgw`K ˆ^GK Wvbw`GK wbÁ²Mvgx 40. mçGqi mƒò ˆKvbwU? K Y = C + I L S = Y – J M S = Y – C N S = Y + C 1 K 2 M 3 M 4 M 5 K 6 M 7 N 8 M 9 N 10 N 11 N 12 K 13 L 14 K 15 L 16 K 17 N 18 M 19 L 20 K Dîigvjv 21 K 22 K 23 M 24 L 25 L 26 M 27 L 28 L 29 N 30 K 31 M 32 M 33 N 34 M 35 M 36 N 37 K 38 L 39 N 40 M P O D S S D e P o 1 Q AS AD3 D1 B A AD2 AD1 ADO LO L1 P O M D T H N

g‡Wj cÖkœcÎ 1 . gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 8 . A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq-30 wgwbU gvb-30 [weGkl `ËÓ¡eÅ : mieivnK‡Z eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞvi DîicGò cÉGk²i KÌwgK bÁ¼Gii wecixGZ cÉ`î eYÆmÁ¼wjZ e†îmgƒn nGZ mwVK/mGeÆvrK‡Ó¡ DîGii e†îwU ej cGq´Ÿ Kjg «¼viv mÁ·ƒYÆ fivU KGiv| cÉwZwU cÉGk²i gvb 1|] 1. abZG¯¨ ‘A`†kÅ kwÚGK’ Kx ejv nq? K miKvwi cwiK͸bv L `vg eÅeÕ©v M RbkwÚ N mvgvwRK KjÅvY 2. eÅwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZi Ici cÉ^g cƒYÆvã eB ˆKvbwU? K The General Theory L The Principles of Economics M The Micro Economics Theory N The Fundamental Economics 3. wgkÉ I abZG¯¨i gGaÅ wgj nGjv i. Aeva cÉwZGhvwMZv weivR KGi ii. gybvdvi DGóGkÅ eÅemvq cwiPvwjZ iii. miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi LvGZi mnveÕ©vb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 4. hw` Qd = 25 – 5p ‰es Qs = 5 + 5p nq ZGe fvimvgÅ cwigvY KZ? K 10 L 15 M 20 N 25 wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 5 I 6 bÁ¼i cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Kwig ‰KRb Kgjv weGKÌZv| ivGk` Kgjv ˆKbvi RbÅ KwiGgi ˆ`vKvGb hvq| ivGk` Kgjvi `vg wRævmv Kivq Kwig eGj, cÉwZwU Kgjvi `vg 10 UvKv| wK¯¦y ivGk` cÉwZwU Kgjvi RbÅ 5 UvKv w`GZ BœQyK| ‰KchÆvGq ivGk` I Kwig 7 UvKvq cÉwZwU Kgjv KÌq I weKÌGq mÁÃZ nq| 5. AbyGœQG` fvimvgÅ `vg KZ? K 10 UvKv L 7 UvKv M 5 UvKv N 2 UvKv 6. AbyGœQG` fvimvgÅ `vg wbaÆvwiZ nGqGQ i. Kwig I ivGkG`i `iKlvKwli gvaÅGg ii. Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvGbi cviÕ·wiK cÉfvGe iii. KwiGgi ˆewk gƒGjÅ weKÌGqi cÉeYZvi gvaÅGg wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 7. Mo AvqGK (AR) wbGÁ²vÚ ˆKvb mgxKiY w`Gq ˆjLv hvq? K AT = TR Q L AR = AT Q M AR = TR Q N AC = AC Q 8. ˆgvU wÕ©i eÅq (TFC) ˆiLvi AvK‡wZ ˆKgb nq? K wbÁ²Mvgx L Ea»ÆMvgx M jGÁ¼i mgv¯¦ivj N f„wgi mgv¯¦ivj 9. AcÉKvwkZ wÕ©i eÅGqi A¯¦fzÆÚ nj i. dvGgÆi wbRÕ¼ wewΣs ii. Õ©vqx KgÆPvixi ˆeZb iii. DG`ÅvÚvi cvwikÉwgK wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 10. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi ˆKvbwU mZÅ? K P = AR > MC L P = AR < MC M P = AR = MC N P = AR > MR wbGPi DóxcKwU jÞ Ki ‰es 11 I 12bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 11. DóxcGK Drcv`bKvixi gybvdvi cwigvY nGe@ K 4 UvKv L 10 UvKv M 12 UvKv N 20 UvKv 12. wPGò Mo eÅq (SAC) ˆiLv Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ nGq S we±`yGZ Õ·kÆK nGj@ K Õ¼vfvweK gybvdv nGe L A-Õ¼vfvweK gybvdv nGe M ˆjvKmvb nGe N gybvdv AcwiewZÆZ 13. kÉGgi cvwikÉwgKGK Kx eGj? K ˆeZb L Avq M cvIbv N gRywi 14. kÉwgGKi KgÆÕ©Gji mybvg, KgÆcwiGek, wbGqvMKZÆvi fvGjv AvPiY wbGPi ˆKvbwUi A¯¦fzÆÚ? K Avw^ÆK gRywi L cÉK‡Z gRywi M Avw^ÆK Avq N cÉK‡Z Avq 15. cÉK‡Z gRywi wbfÆi KGi hvi Ici i. Avw^ÆK gRywi ii. `vgÕ¦i iii. KvGRi mgq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 16. Rbve gyÚvw`i nvmvb Zuvi jÅvGe ˆjwgbvi ‰qvi ˆdÑv ˆKweGbU bvGgi weGkl aiGbi ‰K ‘ˆUwej wUmyÅ KvjPvi’ KGi Avjyi RxevYygyÚ PvivMvQ Drcv`b KGib| ˆjwgbvi ‰qvi ˆdÑv ˆKweGbU ˆKvb aiGbi gƒjab? K PjwZ L RvZxq M wbgwäZ N fvmgvb 17. gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZv ejGZ ˆevSvq K gƒjaGbi ˆhvMvb L gƒjaGbi Pvwn`v M gƒjaGbi Õ©vbv¯¦i N gƒjaGbi MVb 18. gƒjab Kx? K Drcv`Gbi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb L ˆfvGMi eÅen†Z Dcv`vb M mçq MVGbi Dcv`vb N cÉvK‡wZKfvGe m†Ó¡ Dcv`vb 19. LvRbv I `vGgi mÁ·GKÆi wfwîGZ KqwU gZev` AvGQ? K 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N 4wU 20. Rwgi ˆKvb aiGbi ˆhvMvGbi KviGY LvRbvi D«¿e nq? K wÕ©wZÕ©vcK L AwÕ©wZÕ©vcK M mÁ·ƒYÆ wÕ©wZÕ©vcK N mÁ·ƒYÆ AwÕ©wZÕ©vcK 21. f„wgi LvRbv ˆ`qv nq, KviY@ i. f„wgi ˆhvMvb mxgve«¬ ii. f„wgi DeÆiZvi cv^ÆKÅ AvGQ iii. f„wgGZ KÌgeaÆgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b e†w«¬ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 22. GDP-‰i cƒYÆi…c ˆKvbwU? K Gross Domestic Product L Gross Dramatic Product M Gross Depreciation Product N Gross Dominative Product 23. AvGqi cwieZÆGb ˆKvb aiGbi wewbGqvGMi cwieZÆb nq bv? K ˆgvU wewbGqvM L wbU wewbGqvM M Õ¼qÁ¿„Z wewbGqvM N cÉGivwPZ wewbGqvM 24. ˆKvbwU mçq mgxKiY? K S = 20 - 0.6 Y L S = -20 - 0.6 Y M S = 20 + 0.6 Y N S = -20 + 0.6 Y 25. ˆKvbwU Amxg wewnZ gy`Ëv? K 500 UvKvi ˆPK L 500 UvKvi WÈvdU M 500 UvKvi ˆbvU N 500 UvKvi cÉvBRe´£ 26. Askx`vwi eÅemvGqi gƒj wfwî Kx? K PzwÚ L wek¼vm M `ÞZv N gƒjab 27. HwœQK gy`Ëv nj i. ˆPK ii. eÅvsK WÈvdU iii. mçq cò wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 28. Rb ˆgbvWÆ ˆKB´Ö-‰i gGZ gy`Ëvi Pvwn`vi KviY KqwU? K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 5wU wbGPi DóxcK AbymvGi 29 I 30bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Afů¦ixY `vgÕ¦Gii wÕ©wZkxjZv iÞvG^Æ mÁ·ÉwZ 'X' ˆ`kwUi ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK DœP myG`i nvGi 10 eQi ˆgqvw` cÉwZwU 1,00,000 (‰K jÞ) UvKv gƒjÅgvGbi “RvZxq `yGhÆvM cÉkgb” mçqcò BmyÅi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq| 29. DóxcGK ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi ˆKvb aiGbi cÉGPÓ¡v ewYÆZ nGqGQ? K ˆLvjvevRvi KvhÆKÌg L FGYi ˆikwbs M bZzb ˆbvGUi cÉPjb N wewbgq nvi wbaÆviY 30. ˆ`kwUi ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi jÞÅ ARÆGb AviI ˆh c`GÞc mycvwik Kiv hvq Zv nGjv i. bM` Rgvi nvi evovGbv ii. eÅvsK nvi KgvGbv iii. Abyrcv`bkxj LvGZ FGYi cÉevn KgvGbv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Dîi 1 L 2 L 3 K 4 L 5 L 6 K 7 M 8 N 9 L 10 M 11 L 12 K 13 N 14 L 15 N 16 M 17 M 18 K 19 L 20 L 21 K 22 K 23 M 24 N 25 M 26 L 27 N 28 L 29 K 30 L Y SMC SAC AR MR S T E – X Q = 5 Drcv`Gbi cwigvY Avq, eÅq, `vg 4 2 O

2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj cÉk² mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbwU gvb-70 [`ËÓ¡eÅ: ˆgvU 11wU cÉk² ^vKGe| mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| cÉGZÅKwU cÉGk²i gvb 10|] 1. ‘A’ ˆ`Gki bvMwiK wg. Kwj´Ö Õ¼-DG`ÅvGM Drcv`b I eÅemv cwiPvjbv KiGQb| ˆmG`Gk wkÞv, Õ¼vÕ©Å LvZmn mKj LvZB eÅwÚMZ DG`ÅvGM cwiPvwjZ nq ‰es Aeva cÉwZGhvwMZvi gvaÅGg Õ¼qswKÌqfvGe `vg wbaÆvwiZ nq| eÅemvi cÉGqvRGb wZwb AbÅ ‰KwU ˆ`k 'B'-ˆZ wMGq ˆm ˆ`Gki A^ÆbxwZi DGΟv wPò AeGjvKb KiGjb| 'B' ˆ`Gk Drcv`b, ˆfvM I e¥Ÿb meB ˆK±`Êxq cwiK͸vi gvaÅGg cwiPvwjZ nq| K. eÅwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZ Kx? 1 L. wbeÆvPb mgmÅv D«¿Gei KviY Kx? 2 M. ‘A’ ˆ`Gki A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi cÉK‡wZ wbYÆq KGi ‰i wZbwU ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆjL| 3 N. ˆkÉwY‹elgÅ m†wÓ¡i ˆÞGò ‘A’ I ‘B’ `y’ˆ`Gki A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi gGaÅ Zzjbv KGiv| 4 2. Pvwn`v AGcÞK Qd = 10 P ˆhvMvb AGcÞK Qs = 2 + 2P ˆhLvGb Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Qs = ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY ‰es P = `vg| K. ˆhvMvb Kx? 1 L. eKÌ ˆiLvi Xvj wK wÕ©i? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi ZG^Åi wfwîGZ fvimvgÅ `vg I cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. `vg 6 UvKv nGj, ZLb evRvGi Kx cÉfve coGe? 3. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. DcGhvM KvGK eGj? 1 L. cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM KLb evoGZ ^vGK? 2 M. DóxcGKi wPò ˆ^GK KxfvGe KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM wewawU eÅvLÅv KiGe?3 N. DóxcGKi wPGòi MU ˆiLvwU f„wg AÞGK ˆQ` KGi AvGiv wbGP Mgb KiGj `vg I cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvGMi Kxi…c cwieZÆb NUGe? 4 4. Kwig wgqvi K‡wl LvgvGi AbÅvbÅ DcKiY I KjvGKŒkj wÕ©i ˆiGL ÷ay kÉGgi wbGqvM e†w«¬ Kivi KviGY ˆgvU Drcv`b e†w«¬i cwigvY wbGÁ²i QGK ˆ`LvGbv nGjv: kÉg wbGqvM ˆgvU Drcv`b 1 Rb 4 gY 2 Rb 10 gY 3 Rb 14 gY 4 Rb 17 gY K. Drcv`b Kx? 1 L. Mo wÕ©i eÅGqi cwigvY wK kƒbÅ nGZ cvGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Kwig wgqvi K‡wl LvgvGii ˆgvU Drcv`b ˆiLv AsKb KGiv| 3 N. Kwig wgqvi K‡wl LvgvGi Drcv`b ˆÞGò KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewawU KvhÆKi wKbv g¯¦eÅ KGiv| 4 5. wbGPi wPGò `ywU evRvGi `ËeÅ weKÌGqi cwigvY ˆ`Iqv nGjv:- weKÌGqi cwigvY (Q) A evRvGi `ËGeÅi `vg B evRvGi `ËGeÅi `vg 1 ‰KK 10 UvKv 10 UvKv 2 ‰KK 10 UvKv 9 UvKv 3 ‰KK 10 UvKv 8 UvKv 4 ‰KK 10 UvKv 7 UvKv 5 ‰KK 10 UvKv 6 UvKv K. A^ÆbxwZGZ evRvi KvGK eGj? 1 L. ռ͸Kvjxb Drcv`b AGcÞGK ÷ay wK cwieZÆbkxj LiP ^vGK? 2 M. DcGii DóxcGKi AvGjvGK B evRvGii Mo Avq (AR) ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. A I B evRvGi Mo Avq (AR) ˆiLvi gGaÅ Kx Kx cv^ÆKÅ AvGQ eGj Zzwg gGb Ki? DóxcGKi AvGjvGK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 6. Kvgvj mvGne gvwmK 20,000 UvKv gRywiGZ ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vGb PvKwiGZ ˆhvM`vb KGib| ‰i evBGi wZwb Avi ˆKvb myGhvM-myweav cvb bv| wK¯§ Zvi e®¬y Rvgvj mvGne gvwmK 15,000 UvKv gRywiGZ Aci ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vGb PvKwiGZ ˆhvM`vb KGib| ˆeZGbi cvkvcvwk Rvgvj mvGne cÉwZ gvGm evwo fvov eve` 4,000 UvKv, wPwKrmv eÅq eve` 2,000 UvKv ‰es wkÞv mnvqK fvov eve` 1,000 UvKvi AwZwiÚ myweav cvb| H mgGq ˆ`Gki `vgÕ¦i 50 UvKv| K. kÉg Kx? 1 L. gRywi I Avq ‰KB wKbv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. Rvgvj mvGnGei cÉK‡Z gRywi wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. AvIZv wnmve Kiv, bxwZ wbaÆviY I A^Æ‹bwZK ZvrcGhÆi ˆcÉwÞGZ Kvgvj mvGne I Rvgvj mvGnGei gRywii gGaÅ Zzjbv KGiv| 4 7. wg. ügvqyb Kwei AvBmwKÌg dÅvÙwi Õ©vcGb 50,00,000 UvKvi Rwg KÌq, 1 jÞ UvKvi cwiGekev®¬e eRÆÅ µÏv´Ÿ Õ©vcb, 5,000 UvKvi AvBmwKÌGgi KvwV I evÝ, 2 jÞ UvKvi wPwb, `ya I ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb, 35,000 UvKv kÉwgGKi ˆeZb, 1 jÞ UvKv KgÆPvixG`i evwo fvovi RbÅ wewbGqvwRZ KiGjb| wK¯§ eQGii memgq ‰ eÅemv fvGjv ^vGK bv| mÁ·ÉwZ wZwb KzqvKvUv ˆeovGZ wMGq mgy`Ë ŠmKGZi ˆmŒ±`hÆ ˆ`GL gy™¬ nGjb ‰es cƒGeÆ wewbGqvwRZ gƒjaGbi AvswkK Õ©vbv¯¦i KGi cuvP ZviKv AvevwmK ˆnvGUj Pvjy KGib| eQGii memgq ˆ`wk-weG`wk AGbK chÆUK ˆmLvGb cÉvq ficyi ^vGK| w`b w`b ˆmLvGb AviI chÆUK e†w«¬ cvGœQ| K. gƒjab MVb Kx? 1 L. myG`i nvi gƒjab MVbGK KxfvGe cÉfvweZ KGi? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wg. ügvqyb KweGii wewbGqvMK‡Z gƒjaGbi ˆkÉwYwefvM wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. wg. ügvqyb KweGii gƒjab KzqvKvUvq Õ©vbv¯¦Gii A^Æ‹bwZK ài‚Z½ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 8. AvjvDóxb Zvi `k e®¬yGK wbGq ˆÕ¼œQvq, mgvbvwaKvi I mgvb `vwqGZ½i wfwîGZ ‰KwU grmÅ Lvgvi MGo ˆZvGj| wK¯§ gƒjaGbi ռ͸Zv, A`Þ cwiPvjbv I gZweGivGai KviGY ‰B grmÅ Lvgvi Avkvbyi…c gybvdv ARÆb KiGZ cvGiwb| AbÅw`GK ˆejvj I AvRMi PzwÚi wfwîGZ ciÕ·Gii Dci wek¼vm I Amxg `vq- `vwqZ½ wbGq ‰KwU KvUÆb dÅvÙwi cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰GZ ˆh gybvdv nq Zv PzwÚ AbymvGi ew¥ŸZ nq| K. msMVK KvGK eGj? 1 L. ‘msMVb Drcv`Gbi ‰KwU Õ¼Z¯¨ I AcwinvhÆ Dcv`vb’@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK grmÅ Lvgvi ˆKvb aiGbi msMVb Zv wPwn×Z KGi ‰i ŠewkÓ¡Åmgƒn ˆjL| 3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK grmÅ Lvgvi I KvUÆb dÅvÙwi ‰ `ywU msMVGbi gGaÅ Zzjbv KGiv| 4 9. wg. ‘M’ ‰i AGbK mÁ·`| wZwb wewf®² cÉKvi eÅemvq RwoZ| wZwb Zvi febmgƒn fvov w`Gq gvGm 20,000 UvKv, h¯¨cvwZi fvov eve` 15,000 UvKv cvb| Zvi MÉvGgi Rwg PvlvevG`i wewbgGq ZvGK Pvwliv 1,000 UvKv ˆ`b| miKvi Zvi ‰jvKvq wk͸ cvKÆ Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ wbGqGQ| ‰Lb Zvi feb I h¯¨cvwZ nGZ cÉwZ gvGm h^vKÌGg 25,000 I 20,000 UvKv Avq nq| K. A^Æ‹bwZK LvRbvi msæv `vI| 1 L. KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewai KviGY ˆKb LvRbvi D«¿e nq? 2 M. DóxcGKi wfwîGZ ‘M’ ‰i ˆgvU LvRbv I wbg LvRbvi cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wk͸ cvKÆ Õ©vcGb H ‰jvKvq AbycvwRÆZ AvGqi Dci Kx cÉfve coGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 10. cÉwZwbqZ evsjvG`Gki kÉwgK weG`Gk KgÆmsÕ©vb jvf KiGQ| Avevi, evsjvG`k weG`k ˆ^GK wewf®² cYÅmvgMÉx Avg`vwb KiGQ| AbÅw`GK, DcKiYmgƒn AevGa wewf®² ˆ`Gk PjvPj KiGQ| dGj evsjvG`Gki RvZxq Avq evoGQ| K. ˆgvU ˆ`kR Drcv`b KvGK eGj? 1 L. GNP wbYÆGqi mgq ˆKvb ˆKvb welq weGePbv KiGZ nq? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK GNP I GDP-‰i gGaÅ KxfvGe cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq KiGe? 3 N. KLb GNP, GDP-‰i Zzjbvq mgvb, ˆewk ev Kg nq? 4 11. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. A^Æ Kx? 1 L. ‘myG`i nvi nËvm ˆcGj AG^Æi dKUv Pvwn`v e†w«¬ cvq’@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi wPGò AG^Æi gƒjÅ I `vgÕ¦Gii gGaÅ ˆh mÁ·KÆ cÉKvk KGi Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. AG^Æi gƒjÅ Vm1 ˆ^GK Vm2 nGj evRvi eÅeÕ©vq ˆKvGbvi…c cÉfve coGe wK bv, ˆZvgvi gZvgZ eÅÚ KGiv| 4 a M b c U X 10 5 10 15 `ËGeÅi ‰KK 0 15 20 cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM I `vg Y AG^Æi gƒjÅ (VM) `vgÕ¦i (P) Y Vm1 a b Vm = f (P) Vm2 O P1 P2 X

g‡Wj cÖkœcÎ 3 . gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 8 . A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq-30 wgwbU gvb-30 [weGkl `ËÓ¡eÅ : mieivnK‡Z eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞvi DîicGò cÉGk²i KÌwgK bÁ¼Gii wecixGZ cÉ`î eYÆmÁ¼wjZ e†îmgƒn nGZ mwVK/mGeÆvrK‡Ó¡ DîGii e†îwU ej cGq´Ÿ Kjg «¼viv mÁ·ƒYÆ fivU KGiv| cÉwZwU cÉGk²i gvb 1|] 1. ‘Das Capital’ eBwUi ˆjLK ˆK? A K ˆR. ‰g. ˆKB´Ö L ‰j. iwe´Ö M AÅvWvg wÕÃ^ N KvjÆ gvKÆm wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU co ‰es 2 I 3 bÁ¼i cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: AvgRv` mvGnGei ‰KwU ˆgGq I ‰KwU ˆQGj| cÉ^g m¯¦vbGK wZwb ‰KwU miKvwi ˆgwWKÅvj KGjGR fwZÆ KivGZ ˆcGiGQb| wK¯¦y AbÅ m¯¦vbwU miKvwi wek¼we`ÅvjGq fwZÆi myGhvM bv cvIqvq ZvGK ˆemiKvwi ‰KwU wek¼we`ÅvjGq fwZÆ KivGZ evaÅ nb| wK¯§ ˆemiKvwi wek¼we`ÅvjGq fwZÆ wd I AbÅvbÅ LiP AGbK ˆewk| 2. AbyGœQ`wUGZ ˆKvb A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi cÉwZ BwãZ ˆ`qv nGqGQ? K abZvw¯¨K L wbG`ÆkgƒjK M wgkÉ N Bmjvwg 3. DÚ A^ÆeÅeÕ©vi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGœQ i. ˆfvÚvi Õ¼vaxbZv ii. eÅwÚMZ DG`ÅvM iii. miKvwi DG`ÅvM wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 4. wbGPi ˆKvbwU ˆKvGbv ˆKvÁ·vwbi A^Æ‹bwZK aË‚eK eGj weGewPZ nGZ cvGi? K Drcv`b eÅq L Drcvw`Z `ËGeÅi `vg M KviLvbvNi fvov N Drcv`Gbi cwigvY 5. ˆKvbwU Pvwn`vi `vg wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi mƒò? K Ep = Q P . Q P L Ep = Q P . P Q M Ep = P Q . Q P N Ep = P Q . P Q 6. Q = 4 0.2P; ‰wU ˆKvb aiGbi AGcÞK? K ˆhvMvb L Pvwn`v M Drcv`b N DcGhvM 7. wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K MC = TC Q L MC = Q TC M MC = TC Q N MC = TC Q 8. ռ͸Kvjxb Drcv`Gbi ˆÞGò ˆKvbwU mwVK? K TC = TVC L MC = TC Q M AC = TFC + AVC N TC = TFC + TVC 9. wPGò dvGgÆi cÉwZ ‰KK `ËGeÅi ÞwZi cwigvY KZ? K OK L PoK M OQo N QoE 10. AcƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi gybvdv mGeÆvœPKiGYi kZÆ ˆKvbwU? K TR = TC L MR = MC M MR = AC N MC = AR wbGPi wPò ˆ^GK 11 I 12bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: AR, MR, P O 2 Q e AR = MR = P 4 MC AC 11. e we±`yGZ gybvdvi cwigvY KZ? K Õ¼vfvweK L AÕ¼vfvweK M Amxg N kƒbÅ 12. wPGò AR ˆiLv f„wg AGÞi mgv¯¦ivj ˆKb? K KviY ‰wU ‰KGPwUqv evRvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å L ‰LvGb Drcv`K `vg wbaÆviYKvix M cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi `vg wÕ©i ^vGK N AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv AwRÆZ nIqvq Drcv`K ‰KB `vGg wÕ©i ^vGK 13. wbGÁ²i ˆKvbwU mçq Kiv hvq bv? K gRywi L LvRbv M A^Æ N kÉg 14. ˆKvbwU kÉGgi Pvwn`vi wbaÆviK bq? K cÉK‡Z gRywi L RbmsLÅv e†w«¬ M `vgÕ¦i N gybvdv 15. kÉGgi ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv i. Drcv`Gbi Rxe¯¦ DcKiY ii. mçq Kiv hvq bv iii. ˆhvMvb e†w«¬ mgq mvGcÞ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 16. Drcv`Gbi ˆh Ask cybivq Drcv`b KvGR eÅen†Z nq ZvGK Kx eGj? K f„wg L kÉg M gƒjab N msMVb 17. Rbve Avmjvg ‰KRb eÅemvqx| eÅemvwqK DGóGkÅ wZwb PëMÉvg ˆ^GK XvKvq gƒjabmvgMÉx Õ©vbv¯¦i KGib| Rbve AvmjvGgi gƒjabmvgMÉx Õ©vbv¯¦i ˆKvb aiGbi MwZkxjZv? K ˆfŒGMvwjK L wk͸MZ M Õ¦iMZ N Av¯¦RÆvwZK 18. wbGPi ˆKvbwU PjwZ gƒjaGbi chÆvqfzÚ? K mgy`ËMvgx RvnvR L `vjvbGKvVv M KuvPvgvj N eãe®¬y eügyLx ˆmZz 19. NGO-‰i ˆÞGò ˆKvbwU mwVK? K FY cÉvwµ¦i RbÅ RvgvbZ cÉGqvRb L FGYi AcwiKw͸Z eÅenvGi msKU evGo M gwnjviv Õ¼vejÁ¼x nIqvq eo cwievi MVGb DrmvwnZ nq N cÉ`î FY meÆ`v Drcv`bkxj KvGR eÅenvi nq 20. Askx`vwi KvievGii m`mÅ msLÅv KZ? K 2 ˆ^GK 20 Rb L 7 ˆ^GK 20 Rb M 2 ˆ^GK 50 Rb N 7 ˆ^GK 50 Rb DóxcKwU cGo 21 I 22bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ‘K’ I ‘L’ `ywU eÅemv cÉwZÓ¤vb ‘K’ cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi cviÕ·wiK wek¼vGmi Ici cÉwZwÓ¤Z ‰es ‘L’ cÉwZÓ¤vbwU evRvGi ˆkqvi nÕ¦v¯¦Gii gvaÅGg gƒjab msMÉn KiGZ cvGi| 21. ‘K’ ˆKvb aiGbi eÅemv cÉwZÓ¤vb? K cÉvBGfU wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwb L Askx`vwi KviLvbv M ‰KgvwjKvbv Kvievi N cvewjK wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwb 22. ‘K’ I ‘L’ eÅemv cÉwZÓ¤vGbi cv^ÆKÅ h^vKÌGg i. bƒÅbZg m`mÅ 02 I 07 Rb ii. chÆvµ¦ I AcvhÆvµ¦ gƒjab iii. Õ©vwqZ½ Kg I ˆewk wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 23. wbg LvRbv ˆ`qv nq ˆKb? K Rwgi DeÆiZv kwÚi RbÅ L Rwgi AwZwiÚ eÅenvGii RbÅ M gvbem†Ó¡ DcKiGYi mxgve«¬ ˆhvMvGbi RbÅ N cwZZ Rwg eÅenvGii RbÅ 24. f„wgi LvRbv ˆ`qv nq, KviY@ i. f„wgi ˆhvMvb mxgve«¬ ii. f„wgi DeÆiZvi cv^ÆKÅ AvGQ iii. f„wgGZ KÌgeaÆgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b e†w«¬ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 25. f„wg eÅenvGii RbÅ f„wgi gvwjKGK Kx cÉ`vb Kiv nq? K LvRbv L gRywi M my` N gybvdv 26. CCA Kx? K Capital Consumption Allowance L Cost of Capital in Average M Cost of Capital Assumed N Current Cost of Administration 27. mçq wnmve Kivi mƒò ˆKvbwU? K S = Y + C L S = Y C M S = C Y N S = C + Y 28. ռ͸Kvjxb ˆfvM AGcÞK ˆKvbwU? K c = a +by L c = a by M c = a + by N c = a by wbGÁ²i DóxcKwUi AvGjvGK 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI@ Rvwgjv ˆeMg ‰KwU mycvi ˆÕ¡vGi Š`wbK gRywiGZ KvR KGib| wZwb ‰KwU mçqx wnmve ˆLvjvi RbÅ evsjvG`k eÅvsGK ˆMGjb| wK¯§ ˆmLvGb wZwb wnmve LyjGZ cviGjb bv| 29. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Rwgjv ˆeMGgi mçqx wnmve LyjGZ bv cvivi KviY ˆKvbwU? K cÉGqvRbxq KvMRcò bv ^vKv L AvgvbGZi UvKv Kg M gwnjv wnmveavix N RbMGYi mvG^ ˆjbG`b ˆbB 30. ˆ`Gki A^ÆbxwZGZ DóxcGKi cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi Ae`vb nGœQ@ i. AvgvbZ msMÉn ii. gy`Ëvi gvb wbq¯¨Y iii. A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qb mvab wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I iii N ii I iii Dîi 1 N 2 M 3 N 4 M 5 L 6 L 7 K 8 N 9 L 10 L 11 K 12 M 13 N 14 L 15 N 16 M 17 K 18 M 19 N 20 K 21 L 22 L 23 M 24 K 25 K 26 K 27 L 28 M 29 N 30 N

4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj cÉk² mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbwU gvb-70 [`ËÓ¡eÅ: ˆgvU 11wU cÉk² ^vKGe| mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| cÉGZÅKwU cÉGk²i gvb 10|] 1. wg. nvGiK ‰KRb mdj K‡lK| eZÆgvGb wZwb K‡wlwelqK AvaywbK cÉhywÚMZ cÉwkÞY MÉnY KGi Zvi ռ͸ RwgGZ mxwgZ mvgG^ÆÅi gGaÅ `ywU dmGji Pvlvev` KGi eÅvcK jvfevb nGqGQb| Zvi mvg^ÆÅ mxwgZ weavq wZwb Zvi AGbK Õ¼µ² evÕ¦evqb KiGZ cviGQb bv| Avevi, mÁ·` hvGZ AcPq bv nq ˆmw`GK hðevb ˆ^GK wZwb ‰KwU cGYÅi djb evwoGq AbÅwUi djb KgvGZ cvGib| K. Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv Kx? 1 L. Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLvi Ici ˆKvb we±`yàGjv AwaK KvgÅ we±`y? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wg. nvGiGKi K‡wlwelqK Pvlvev` cÉwKÌqvwU Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv mƒwPi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉvµ¦ mƒwP ˆ^GK KxfvGe Zv ˆiLvwPGòi gvaÅGg eÅvLÅv KiGe? 4 2. `ËGeÅi `vGgi cwieZÆGb Avjxg mI`vMGii `ËGeÅi ˆhvMvGbi cwieZÆb NGU| wewf®² `vGgi ˆcÉwÞGZ `ËeÅwUi ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY wbGPi mƒwPGZ ˆ`LvGbv nGjv@ cÉwZ ˆKwR `ËGeÅi (UvKv) `ËGeÅi ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY (ˆKwR) 100 100 110 105 120 110 K. ˆiLvi Xvj Kx? 1 L. ˆfvÚvi Avq KxfvGe Pvwn`vGK cÉfvweZ KGi? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‰KwU ˆhvMvb ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK `ËGeÅi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi wfwîGZ `ËeÅwUi cÉK‡wZ eÅvLÅv KGiv|4 3. MvRxcyGii KvgviMuvI ‰jvKvi Pvwl bRi‚j BmjvGgi 2 ‰Ki Rwg AvGQ| 2010 mvGj DÚ RwgGZ 1 Rb kÉwgK wbGqvM KGi Õ¡ÈGewi Pvl KGi Drcv`b KGi 8 gY| ‰wU jvfRbK weGewPZ nIqvq cieZÆx cÉwZ eQi 1 Rb KGi kÉwgK wbGqvM e†w«¬ KGi ‰KB RwgGZ cieZÆx 4 eQi Drcv`b nGjv h^vKÌGg 14, 18, 20 I 21 gY| K. A^ÆbxwZGZ Drcv`b Kx? 1 L. Mo eÅq (AC) wK meÆ`v cÉvw¯¦K eÅGqi (MC) mgvb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi wfwîGZ Õ¡ÈGewii ˆgvU Drcv`b ˆiLvwU Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi Õ¡ÈGewi PvGli ˆÞGò ˆKvb wewa KvhÆKi nGqGQ ‰es Zv ˆKvb ˆKvb ˆÞGò cÉGhvRÅ nq? AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 4. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvi Kx? 1 L. ˆKb ‰KGPwUqv evRvGi weGKÌZvGK `vGgi mÉÓ¡v ejv nq? 2 M. DóxcGK KxfvGe AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv nGZ cvGi? 3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK KLb dvgÆ Drcv`b e®¬ KiGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 5. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: O W Q D2 E S2 K. kÉg Kx? 1 L. ˆKvb ˆcÉÞvcGU Avw^ÆK gRywi wÕ©i ˆ^GKI cÉK‡Z gRywi e†w«¬ cvq? 2 M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ wPGò ˆKvb we±`yGZ fvimvgÅ gRywi e†w«¬ cvq? 3 N. ‘wek¼evRvGi ˆcÉvMÉvgviG`i Pvwn`v e†w«¬ cvIqvq gRywi e†w«¬ cvGe’ Zzwg wK ‰ welGq ‰KgZ? wPò Aâb KGi weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 6. Kvgvj mvGne ռ͸ cyuwR wbGq XvKv knGi ‰KwU ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸ Õ©vcb KGi| Drcv`b LiP ˆewk nIqvi KviGY jvf KiGZ cviwQGjb bv| ‰gZveÕ©vq wZwb KuvPvgvj I kÉGgi mnRjfÅZvi KviGY kni ˆQGo MÉvGg ˆcvwÎŸÈ wk͸ Õ©vbv¯¦i KGib| ‰GZ MÉvGgi wKQy ˆeKvi ˆjvGKiI KgÆmsÕ©vb nq ‰es wZwbI jvfevb nb| K. gƒjab Kx? 1 L. mçq KxfvGe gƒjab MVbGK cÉfvweZ KGi? 2 M. Kvgvj mvGnGei MÉvGg jvfevb nIqvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Kvgvj mvGnGei knGiI ˆcvwÎŸÈ wkG͸ jvfevb nIqvi Dcvq AvGQ wK? gZvgZ `vI| 4 7. Kwig mvGne ‰KRb `Þ DG`ÅvÚv| Zvi chÆvµ¦ gƒjab, SzuwK MÉnGYi ÞgZv, ‰KK eyw«¬gîv, m†wÓ¡kxjZv, `ƒi`wkÆZv, Zî½veavb ‰es myÓ¤y evRviRvZKiGYi dGj 'A' cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi cYÅwU AvR wek¼eÅvcx mgv`†Z| wK¯§ iwng mvGne Õ¼bvgabÅ 'B' cÉwZÓ¤vGbi wKQy cÉv^wgK ˆkqvi KÌGqi gvaÅGg cÉvq wbwøG¯¦ Rxebhvcb KiGQb| KviY 'B' cÉwZÓ¤vGbi Askx`viG`i SzuwK Kg, Õ©vwqZ½ AwaK, mxgve«¬ `vq ‰es ‰ KvievGii cÉwZ RbMGYi AvÕ©v AwaK ^vGK| K. ‰bwRI Kx? 1 L. msMVb `†kÅgvb bq- welqwU eywSGq ˆjL| 2 M. ‘A’ cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi wZbwU Amyweav DGÍÏL KGiv| 3 N. AwaK Drcv`bkxjZv I KgÆmsÕ©vb m†wÓ¡GZ 'A' AGcÞv 'B' cÉwZÓ¤vbwU AwaK hywÚhyÚ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 8. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki: O LvRbvi cwigvY (UvKv) 15 10 D2 100 D1 E2 E1 5 D2 D1 S Rwgi cwigvY (‰KK) K. wbU LvRbv Kx? 1 L. LvRbv wK `vGgi A¯¦fzÆÚ? 2 M. DóxcGK cÉ`wkÆZ wPGò LvRbvi ˆKvb Zî½wU cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Rwgi Pvwn`v D1 ˆ^GK D2 ˆZ e†w«¬ ˆcGj LvRbvi Dci Kx cÉfve coGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 9. 2014 mvGj evsjvG`Gki ˆfvMeÅq (C) AvbygvwbK 60 nvRvi 50 ˆKvwU UvKv, wewbGqvM eÅq (I) 40 nvRvi ˆKvwU UvKv ‰es miKvwi eÅq (G) 25 nvRvi 300 ˆKvwU UvKv| K. wRwWwc Kx? 1 L. ˆfvM wK AvGqi Ici wbfÆikxj? gZvgZ `vI| 2 M. DóxcK nGZ e«¬ A^ÆbxwZGZ mvgwMÉK eÅq wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. miKvwi eÅq AwZwiÚ 5,000 ˆKvwU UvKv e†w«¬ KiGj DóxcGK fvimvgÅ AeÕ©vi Ici ˆKvb aiGbi cwieZÆb mƒwPZ nGe? wPGòi mvnvGhÅ aviYvwUi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 10. ‰KwU evwYwRÅK eÅvsGK cÉv^wgK AvgvbGZi cwigvY 20,000 UvKv ‰es cÉGqvRbxq Šea wiRvfÆ 10%| ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK gy`ËvÕ¹xwZ wbq¯¨GYi RbÅ mÁ·ÉwZ wiRvGfÆi nvi e†w«¬ KGi 20% KGiGQ| K. AbjvBb eÅvswKs ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1 L. gy`Ëvi ˆhvMvb ejGZ Kx ÷ay Pvwn`v AvgvbZGKB wbG`Æk KGi? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ eÅvsK KZ‡ÆK m†Ó¡ FY AvgvbGZi cwigvY wbYÆq Ki|3 N. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK KZ‡ÆK wiRvGfÆi nvi e†w«¬i dGj FY AvgvbZ m†wÓ¡i ˆÞGò Kxi…c cÉfve coGe eGj Zzwg gGb Ki| 4 11. iwng ‰KRb eÅvsKvi| Zvi `yB e®¬y K‡wl KvR KGi| ‰Kw`b Zvi `yB e®¬y iwnGgi KvGQ K‡wl FY MÉnY mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ PvBGj, iwng ejj ˆm ‰gb ‰K eÅvsGK PvKwi KGi hv mvaviY RbMYGK FY ˆ`q bv| ‰B eÅvsK ˆbvU cÉPjb ‰es miKvGii eÅvsGK wnmvGe AGbK `vwqZ½cƒYÆ KvR KGi hv AbÅ eÅvsK KGi bv| wewf®² c¯©v AejÁ¼Gbi gvaÅGg FYI wbq¯¨Y KGi| K. gy`Ëvi msæv `vI| 1 L. ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi ˆLvjv evRvi bxwZi KvhÆKÌg ˆjL| 2 M. iwng ˆh eÅvsGK PvKwi KGi ˆmB eÅvsGKi `yBwU KvGRi weeiY `vI hv AbÅ eÅvsK KGi bv| 3 N. iwnGgi eÅvsK KxfvGe FY wbq¯¨Y KGi Zv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 Y P P1 O Q X AR G MC AC F `vg, Avq, eÅq MR E Drcv`b

g‡Wj cÖkœcÎ 5 . gGWj ˆUÕ¡ 9 . A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq-30 wgwbU gvb-30 [weGkl `ËÓ¡eÅ : mieivnK‡Z eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞvi DîicGò cÉGk²i KÌwgK bÁ¼Gii wecixGZ cÉ`î eYÆmÁ¼wjZ e†îmgƒn nGZ mwVK/mGeÆvrK‡Ó¡ DîGii e†îwU ej cGq´Ÿ Kjg «¼viv mÁ·ƒYÆ fivU KGiv| cÉwZwU cÉGk²i gvb 1|] 1. gvbyl KxfvGe Zvi cÉGqvRbxq Afve cƒiY KGi? K wbeÆvPGbi gvaÅGg L ˆfvGMi gvaÅGg M ˆPvivPvjvGbi gvaÅGg N mçGqi gvaÅGg DóxcKwU cGo 2 I 3 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: ‰Kv`k ˆkÉwYi Qvò i‚ÁÃvb A^ÆbxwZ welGqi wkÞGKi KvQ ˆ^GK RvbGZ ˆcGiGQ ˆh, c†w^exi AGbK ˆ`Gk Drcv`b, ˆfvM BZÅvw` ˆÞGò miKvwi nÕ¦GÞc AbycwÕ©Z| Avevi àwU KGqK ˆ`Gki e¥Ÿb wewbgq BZÅvw` A^Æ‹bwZK KgÆKví ˆK±`Ê KZ‡ÆK cwiPvwjZ| 2. DóxcK AbymvGi c†w^exi AGbK ˆ`Gk ˆKvb aiGbi A^ÆeÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb? K abZvw¯¨K L wbG`ÆkgƒjK M Bmjvwg N wgkÉ 3. DóxcK AbymvGi c†w^exi àwU KGqK ˆ`Gki ˆÞGò cÉGhvRÅ? i. Õ¼qswKÌq `vg eÅeÕ©vi AbycwÕ©wZ ii. Drcv`K I ˆfvÚvi Õ¼vaxbZv iii. kÉwgKG`i Õ¼v^ÆiÞv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 4. cwieZÆK `ËGeÅi Pvwn`v KxGmi Ici wbfÆi KGi? K `ËGeÅi `vg L `ËGeÅi Pvwn`v M `ËGeÅi ˆhvMvb N `ËGeÅi gvb 5. D = 20 – 4P : ‰KwU Pvwn`v mgxKiY ˆhLvGb P = `vg I D = Pvwn`vi cwigvY; ‰Lb `ËeÅwU AevajfÅ nGj D = KZ nGe? K 20 L 16 M 12 N 0 6. QS = 15 + 5p ˆhvMvb mgxKiY i. P = Aaxb PjK ii. 15 = aË‚eK iii. 5 = mnM wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 7. ˆKvGbv `ËGeÅi AwZwiÚ ‰K ‰KK Drcv`Gbi dGj ˆh AwZwiÚ eÅq nq ZvGK Kx eGj? K Mo eÅq L cÉvw¯¦K eÅq M ˆgvU eÅq N Mo cwieZÆb eÅq DóxcKwU cGo 8 I 9bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: ռ͸KvGj ‰KwU K‡wl dvGgÆi 1 weNv Rwgi dmj Drcv`b msKÌv¯¦ Z^Å ˆ`qv AvGQ@ kÉg (‰KK) ˆgvU Drcv`b (‰KK) 1 8 2 15 3 21 4 26 5 30 8. DóxcK Abyhvqx 5 ‰KK kÉg wbGqvGMi ˆÞGò cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b KZ nGe? K 4 L 4 M 26 N 30 9. DóxcK Abyhvqx cÉGhvRÅ nGe@ i. KÌgeaÆgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewa ii. KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewa iii. ռ͸Kvjxb mgq weGewPZ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 10. ‰KGPwUqv evRvGi ռ͸KvGj dvgÆ AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv ARÆb KGi hLb Zvi@ K AR = P = AC L AC < AR = P M AR = P > AC N AR = P > AC 11. Õ¼vfvweK gybvdvi ˆÞGò dvGgÆi fvimvGgÅi RbÅ AwZwiÚ ˆKvb kZÆwU cvwjZ nGe? K P = AC L P < AC M P > AC N P = MA 12. ‰KGPwUqv evRvGi@ i. dvgÆ `vg wbq¯¨Y KiGZ cvGi ii. ռ͸KvGj ˆKej AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv AwRÆZ nq iii. dvGgÆi Mo Avq AGcÞv cÉvw¯¦K Avq Kg ^vGK wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 13. kÉGgi gvwjK ˆK? K f„Õ¼vgx L kÉwgK M msMVK N wk͸cwZ 14. KLb kÉGgi ˆhvMvb ˆiLv cøvrMvgx nq? K gRywi e†w«¬i mvG^ kÉGgi Pvwn`v nËvm ˆcGj L gRywi e†w«¬i mvG^ kÉGgi Pvwn`v wÕ©i ^vKGj M gRywi e†w«¬i mvG^ kÉGgi ˆhvMvb KgGj N gRywi e†w«¬i mvG^ kÉGgi ˆhvMvb evoGj 15. ivwKe mvGnGei gvwmK ˆeZb 20,100 UvKv ˆ^GK e†w«¬ ˆcGq 46,970 UvKv nq ‰es ˆfvGMi RbÅ Zuvi gvwmK LiP 15,000 UvKv ˆ^GK e†w«¬ ˆcGq 20,000 UvKv nq| Zuvi eZÆgvb mçGqi cwigvY KZ? K 5,000 L 5,100 M 26,870 N 26,970 16. gƒjab Kx? K Drcv`Gbi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb L ˆfvGMi eÅen†Z Dcv`vb M mçq MVGbi Dcv`vb N cÉvK‡wZKfvGe m†Ó¡ Dcv`vb 17. iscyi I KzwoMÉvGg cÉPzi cvU Drcv`b nq| cvGUi exR ˆKvb aiGbi gƒjab? K PjwZ L Õ©vqx M Ave«¬ N mÁ·wîMZ 18. cÉK‡Z gRywi wbfÆi KGi hvi Ici i. Avw^ÆK gRywi ii. `vgÕ¦i iii. KvGRi mgq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 19. mKGji mgvb AwaKvi, `vwqZ½ I Askx`vwiGZ½i cÉGqvRb nq ˆKvb aiGbi msMVGb? K Askx`vwi Kvievi L ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx ˆKvÁ·vwb M Õ¼vqîkvwmZ cÉwZÓ¤vb N mgevq Kvievi wbGPi DóxcKwU cGo 20 I 21 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: cviGfR I Zvi 10 Rb e®¬y wgGj ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo ˆZvGj| Zviv ˆkqvi wewKÌi gvaÅGg gƒjab msMÉn KGi ‰es cieZÆxKvGj ˆek jvfevb nq| 20. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ cÉwZÓ¤vbwU ˆKvb aiGbi cÉwZÓ¤vb? K cvewjK wjwgGUW L cÉvBGfU wjwgGUW M mgevq Kvievi N Õ¼vqîkvwmZ cÉwZÓ¤vb 21. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ cÉwZÓ¤vbwU D®²wZi RbÅ f„wgKv ivLGQ@ i. ˆkqvi nÕ¦v¯¦i ii. `Ë‚Z wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY iii. Awfæ cwiPvjbv clÆ` wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 22. eÅwÚi `†wÓ¡GKvY ˆ^GK Rwgi ˆhvMvb Kxi…c? K wÕ©wZÕ©vcK L `vg ˆewk M `vg kƒbÅ N AwÕ©wZÕ©vcK 23. LvRbv ZGî½ cÉvw¯¦K RwgGZ D«¼†Gîi cwigvY@ K abvñK L Amxg M mmxg N kƒbÅ 24. wbg LvRbv mÁ·GKÆ ejv nq@ i. ռ͸Kvjxb aviYv ii. TR – TVC iii. AR – AVC wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 25. NDP = Kx? K GDPCCA L GNINNP M GNPCCA N GNICCA 26. weG`Gk KgÆiZ ˆ`kxq bvMwiKG`i Avq wbGPi ˆKvbwUGZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nq? K GNP L GDP M CCA N NDP 27. Ave«¬ A^ÆbxwZi ˆÞGò ˆKvbwU mwVK bq? K Y = C L Y = C + 1 M Y = C + 1 +G N Y = C +1+ G + (X-M) 28. A^Æ mieivn ˆ^GK ˆKvb Dcv`vb ev` w`Gq Pvwn`v AvgvbZ cvIqv hvq? K RbMGYi nvGZi gy`Ëv L ˆgqvw` AvgvbZ M RbMGYi nvGZi gy`Ëv I ˆgqvw` AvgvbZ N ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsGKi fGΟ iwÞZ gy`Ëv wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 'N' eÅvsGKi cwiPvjbv clÆ` jÞ KiGjb ˆh, ZvG`i ˆ`Gk `ËeÅgƒGjÅi Ea»ÆMwZ A^P gv^vwcQy Avq Kg| ‰ AeÕ©vq Zviv ˆ`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK fvimvgÅ iÞvq cÉGqvRbxq eÅeÕ©v wbGZ DG`ÅvMx nGjb| 29. 'N' eÅvsKwU ˆKvb aiGbi eÅvsK? K evwYwRÅK eÅvsK L ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsK M weGklvwqZ eÅvsK N bÅvkbvj eÅvsK 30. A^Æ‹bwZK fvimvgÅ iÞvq 'N' eÅvsGKi M†nxZ c`GÞc nGZ cvGi i. `ËeÅgƒjÅ wÕ©wZkxj ivLv ii. ˆbvU cÉPjb Kiv iii. FY wbq¯¨Y Kiv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii Dîi 1 K 2 K 3 L 4 K 5 K 6 M 7 L 8 L 9 L 10 M 11 K 12 M 13 L 14 M 15 N 16 K 17 K 18 N 19 N 20 K 21 L 22 K 23 N 24 N 25 K 26 K 27 N 28 M 29 L 30 N

6 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj cÉk² mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbwU gvb-70 [`ËÓ¡eÅ: ˆgvU 11wU cÉk² ^vKGe| mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| cÉGZÅKwU cÉGk²i gvb 10|] 1. Bgivb I ˆRK `yB e®¬y| Zviv ZvG`i ˆ`Gki A^Æ‹bwZK eÅeÕ©v mÁ·GKÆ K^v ejGQ| Bgivb ejj, “AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk Drcv`b KgÆKví eÅwÚ gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq, evRvi cÉwKÌqv KvhÆKi ‰es mÁ·G`i eÅwÚ gvwjKvbv Õ¼xK‡Z|” ˆRK ejj, AvgvG`i ˆ`Gk Drcv`b KgÆKví ivÓ¡Çxq gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq, AvBb KGi cÉwZGhvwMZv wbwl«¬ Kiv nGqGQ, wK¯§ K‡wlLvZ ‰es wKQy wk͸ mÁ·ÉwZ eÅwÚ gvwjKvbvq ˆQGo ˆ`qv nGqGQ, ‰GZ Drcv`b ˆÞGò `ÞZv e†w«¬ cvGœQ|” K. A^ÆbxwZGZ wbeÆvPb Kx? 1 L. A^ÆbxwZGZ ‘Kx Kx `ËeÅ Kx cwigvGY Drcv`b KiGZ nGe’ mgmÅvi D«¿e nq ˆKb? 2 M. BgivGbi ˆ`Gk ˆKvb aiGbi A^Æ‹bwZK eÅeÕ©v cÉPwjZ AvGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. ˆRGKi ˆ`Gki cwiewZÆZ A^Æ‹bwZK eÅeÕ©vi aib eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 2. ˆKvGbv `ËGeÅi Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvb AGcÞK wbÁ²i…c@ Qd = 9 – 2P ‰es Qs = – 1 + 3P| K. PjK KvGK eGj? 1 L. AvovAvwo wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi gvb FYvñK nGj `ËeÅ«¼Gqi mÁ·KÆ Kxi…c nGe? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK fvimvgÅ `vg I cwigvY wPGò ˆ`LvI| 3 N. miKvi meÆwbÁ² `vg I UvKv avhÆ KiGj Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvGbi cwieZÆb wPòmn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 3. ‰¯¦vR wgqvi ‰KwU K‡wl Lvgvi AvGQ| AbÅvbÅ DcKiY I KjvGKŒkj wÕ©i ˆiGL ÷aygvò kÉGgi wbGqvM evovGbvi KviGY ˆgvU Drcv`b e†w«¬i cwigvY wbGÁ²i QGK ˆ`LvGbv nGjv: kÉGgi wbGqvM (Rb) ˆgvU Drcv`b (gY) 1 5 2 9 3 12 4 14 K. Drcv`b Kx? 1 L. Mo wÕ©i eÅGqi cwigvY wK kƒbÅ nGZ cvGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi ZG^Åi AvGjvGK K‡wl `ËGeÅi ˆgvU Drcv`b ˆiLv AsKb KGiv| 3 N. ‰¯¦vR wgqvi ˆÞGò KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewawU KvhÆKi wKbv g¯¦eÅ KGiv| 4 4. MÉvgxYGdvb ˆKvÁ·vwb wewf®² weævcGbi AvkÉq MÉnY KGi Zvi ˆKÌZvi msLÅv e†w«¬ KGi| AbÅw`GK, iwe ˆKvÁ·vwbI wcwQGq ˆbB| ‰B ˆKvÁ·vwbI wewf®² weævcb w`Gq ˆKÌZvG`iGK AvK‡Ó¡ KiGQ| K. AwjGMvcwj evRvi Kx? 1 L. dvgÆ I wkG͸i gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ DGÍÏL KGiv| 2 M. MÉvgxYGdvb ˆKvÁ·vwbi wewf®² cÉKvi weævcGbi AvkÉq ˆbqvi KviY eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. AbÅw`GK, iwe ˆKvÁ·vwbi ‰i…c AvPiGYi KviY weGkÏlY KGi ZvG`i evRvi cÉK‡wZ wbG`Æk KGiv| 4 5. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. evRvi ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 1 L. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvi AR = MR nq ˆKb? 2 M. cÉ`î wPò ˆ^GK dvGgÆi ˆgvU LiP ˆei KGiv| 3 N. dvgÆwU hw` AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv ARÆb KGi ZGe cÉ`wkÆZ wPGò fvimvgÅ we±`yi Kx cwieZÆb AvmGe? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 6. Rbve wbkvZ AvnGg` w^Ë Õ¡vi ˆiGÕ¦viuvq PvKwi KGib| wZwb gvwmK 10,000 UvKv ˆeZb cvb| ‰QvovI wZwb AwZwiÚ myweav wnGmGe wZb ˆejv Lvevi I Avevmb myGhvMmn mµ¦vGn ‰Kevi wmGbgv ˆ`Lvi wUGKU cvb| K. Avw^ÆK gRywi Kx? 1 L. kÉGgi ˆhvMvb ˆiLv Wvbw`GK Ea»ÆMvgx nq ˆKb? 2 M. Rbve wbkvZ AvnGg` ˆh gRywi cvb ˆmwUB wK cÉK‡Z gRywi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Rbve wbkvZ AvnGgG`i RxebgvGbi AeÕ©v Avw^ÆK gRywii AvGjvGK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 7. Kwig mvGne ‰KwU myZv KviLvbv gvwjK| 5,00,000 UvKvi cÉv^wgK gƒjab wbGq Drcv`b ÷i‚ KGib| KuvPvgvj KÌq eve` 50,000 UvKv ‰es h¯¨cvwZi ˆgivgZ eve` 40,000 UvKv eÅq KGib| mÁ·ÉwZ miKvi myG`i nvi nËvm, KuvPvgvGji Ici fZzÆwK, Ki AeKvk ‰es wewbGqvGMi wÕ©wZkxj cwiGek eRvq ivLvi gGZv c`GÞc MÉnY Kivq Kwig mvGne Zvi gƒjaGbi cwigvY e†w«¬i DG`ÅvM MÉnY KiGjb| K. gƒjab Kx? 1 L. `Þ gvbemÁ·` KxfvGe gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZv e†w«¬ KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. Kwig mvGnGei wbU gƒjaGbi cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ miKvGii c`GÞcmgƒn Kwig mvGnGei gƒjaGbi cwigvY e†w«¬GZ KxfvGe f„wgKv ivGL? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 8. wg. Rvgvb I Zvi 8 e®¬y wgGj gƒjab msMÉn KGi ‰KwU eÅemv cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo ˆZvGj| KGqK eQGii gGaÅ ZvG`i cÉwZÓ¤vGbi mybvg QwoGq cGo ‰es jvfRbK cÉwZÓ¤vGb cwiYZ nq| wK¯§ gƒjaGbi AfvGe Zviv ZvG`i eÅemv cÉwZÓ¤vGbi mÁ·ÉmviY KiGZ cviGQ bv| Avevi AvBbMZ ŠeaZv bv ^vKvq RbMGYi KvQ ˆ^GK ˆkqvi weKÌGqi gvaÅGg gƒjab msMÉn KiGZ cviGQ bv| ZvB Zviv eÅemvq cÉwZÓ¤vGbi aib cwieZÆb KGi| dGj RbMGYi wbKU ˆkqvi nÕ¦v¯¦Gi ˆKvGbv evav iBj bv| K. msMVb Kx? 1 L. Askx`vwi KvievGii Õ©vwqZ½ wK Kg, ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcGK wg. Rvgvb I Zvi e®¬yG`i eZÆgvb I cƒGeÆKvi cÉwZÓ¤vGbi aib eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. Rvgvb mvGneG`i cƒGeÆKvi cÉwZÓ¤vb AGcÞv eZÆgvb cÉwZÓ¤vb AGbK myweavRbK@ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 9. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. AbycvwRÆZ Avq KvGK eGj? 1 L. ˆKb LvRbv `vGgi A¯¦fzÆÚ bq? 2 M. wPò ˆ^GK AbycvwRÆZ AvGqi aviYvwU eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 N. Rwgi Pvwn`v e†w«¬ QvovI Avi Kx Kx KviGY LvRbv m†wÓ¡ nGZ cvGi? DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆjL| 4 10. 2014 mvGj ‘A’ ˆ`Gk RbMGYi ˆfvM eÅq 500 ˆKvwU UvKv, wewbGqvM eÅq 300 ˆKvwU UvKv| ˆ`kwUi miKvi RbMGYi KjÅvGY DÚ eQi 400 ˆKvwU UvKv eÅq KGib| ‰Qvov Avg`vwb `ËGeÅi gƒjÅ eve` ˆ`kwU 600 ˆKvwU UvKv cwiGkva KGi ‰es iµ¦vwb eve` 350 ˆKvwU UvKv Avq KGi| ‘B’ ˆ`Gki evwm±`v wg. ‘X’ DœP ˆeZGb ‘A’ ˆ`Gki ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vGb KgÆiZ AvGQb| wZwb cÉwZ eQi Zvi cwievGii RbÅ wbR ˆ`Gk UvKv ˆcÉiY KGib| K. ‰b‰bAvB-‰i msæv `vI| 1 L. mçGqi mvG^ wewbGqvM KxfvGe mÁ·wKÆZ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‘A’ ˆ`Gki 2014 mvGji wR‰bAvB wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. wg. ‘X’ ‰i AwRÆZ Avq ‘A’ ˆ`k I ‘B’ ˆ`Gki wRwWwc-ˆK KxfvGe cÉfvweZ KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 11. ‰KwU A^ÆbxwZi gy`ËvevRvi mÁ·wKÆZ Z^Åmgƒn wbÁ²i…c: ˆgvU wewnZ gy`Ëvi cwigvY (M) = 400 gy`Ëvi cÉPjb MwZ (V) = 20 eÅvsK gy`Ëvi cwigvY (M') = 200 eÅvsK gy`Ëvi cÉPjb MwZ (V') = 10 ˆjbG`Gbi cwigvY = 200 K. wewnZ gy`Ëv Kx? 1 L. eÅvsK nvi KxfvGe gy`Ëvi ˆhvMvbGK cÉfvweZ KGi? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK `vgÕ¦i (P) wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. ˆgvU wewnZ gy`Ëvi cwigvY w«¼àY Kiv nGj gy`Ëvi gƒGjÅi Dci Kx cÉfve coGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 SAC Q Drcv`b (‰KGK) `vg, Avq I eÅq (UvKvq) D S D Y P1 P O X A Q Rwgi ˆhvMvb S LvRbv/ `vg B

g‡Wj cÖkœcÎ 1 gGWj 1 bUi ˆWg KGjR, XvKv A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq-30 wgwbU gvb-30 [weGkl `ËÓ¡eÅ : mieivnK‡Z eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞvi DîicGò cÉGk²i KÌwgK bÁ¼Gii wecixGZ cÉ`î eYÆmÁ¼wjZ e†îmgƒn nGZ mwVK/mGeÆvrK‡Ó¡ DîGii e†îwU ej cGq´Ÿ Kjg «¼viv mÁ·ƒYÆ fivU KGiv| cÉwZwU cÉGk²i gvb 1|] 1. ˆKvÁ·vwb Zvi cwiGkvwaZ gƒjab evovGZ PvBGj ˆh ˆkqvi BmyÅ KGi ‰es eZÆgvGb ˆkqvi ˆnvΣviivB ‰ ˆkqvi wKbGZ cvGi, ZvGK ejv nq K ˆevbvm ˆkqvi L AMÉvwaKvi ˆkqvi M ivBU ˆkqvi N cÉvBgvwi ˆkqvi 2. Kxi…c A^ÆeÅeÕ©vq ‘gy`ËvÕ¹xwZ’ ˆbB? K abZvw¯¨K L Bmjvwg M wgkÉ N wbG`ÆkgƒjK 3. T2 AGcÞv T1 we±`yGZ Drcv`b KiGj i. gƒjaGbi eÅenvi KgGe ii. Drcv`b nËvm cvGe iii. kÉGgi eÅenvi evoGe wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 4. AbÅvbÅ welq wÕ©i ˆ^GK ˆKvGbv ‰KwU `ËGeÅi `vGgi AvGcwÞK cwieZÆGbi dGj mÁ·wKÆZ Aci `ËGeÅi Pvwn`vi ˆh AvGcwÞK cwieZÆb NGU, Zvi gvòvGK Kx aiGbi wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv eGj? K Avq L ˆhvMvb M AvovAvwo N Pvwn`v wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 5 I 6 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: X ˆ`Gki ‰KRb mvsevw`K Y ˆ`Gk wMGq ˆ`LGjb, ˆmLvGb gvbyl gnvb AvÍÏvni ingGZ fvGjv AvGQb| ˆmLvGb gy`ËvÕ¹xwZ ˆhgb ˆbB, ˆZgwb e¥Ÿb eÅeÕ©vqI ˆKvGbv ŠelgÅ ˆbB| wK¯§ Zvi wbR ˆ`Gk ‰ `ywU ŠewkÓ¡Å PigfvGe wecixZagÆx| 5. Y ˆ`Gki Kxi…c A^ÆeÅeÕ©v we`Ågvb? K Bmjvwg L wgkÉ M abZvw¯¨K N wbG`ÆkgƒjK 6. X ˆ`Gki ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv i. kÉg wefvGMi mGeÆvœPKiY NGU ii. cÉGZÅK Drcv`K bƒÅbZg eÅGq meÆvwaK cwigvY Drcv`b KGi iii. ‰ mgvGR ˆeKviZ½ ^vKGZ cvGi bv wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 7 I 8 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: µÏyGUv evRvGi wMGq 8 UvKv `vGg X `ËGeÅi 16 ‰KK KÌq KGib| `vg nËvm ˆcGq 6 UvKv nGj DÚ `ËeÅ KÌq KGi 24 ‰KK| 7. X `ËGeÅi `vg wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv KZ? K 1/2 L 2 M 1 2 N 4 8. X `ËGeÅi ˆÞGò i. Pvwn`v wÕ©wZÕ©vcK ii. ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe `vGgi cwieZÆGbi nvi Kg iii. Pvwn`vi cwieZÆGbi nvi AwaK wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 9. ˆgvU DcGhvM hLb nËvm cvq ZLb cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM Kxi…c nGe? K kƒbÅ L nËvm cvGe M wÕ©i ^vKGe N FYvñK 10. ˆhvMvb wÕ©i ˆ^GK Pvwn`v nËvm ˆcGj i. fvimvgÅ `vg nËvm cvGe ii. ˆhvMvb ˆiLv ‰KB ^vKGe iii. Pvwn`v ˆiLv Wvb w`GK Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 11. LvRbv ˆ`qv nq, KviY i. DeÆiZvi cv^ÆKÅ ii. wÕ©wZÕ©vcK ˆhvMvb iii. Õ©vbv¯¦i eÅq we`Ågvb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 12. Q L «¼viv Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K ˆgvU Drcv`b L ռ͸Kvjxb Drcv`b M Mo Drcv`b N cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b 13. ˆKvbwU AVC ˆiLv? K L M N wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 16 I 17 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: kÉg (L) gƒjab (K) ˆgvU Drcv`b (TP) 2 ‰KK 2 ‰KK 50 ‰KK 4 ‰KK 4 ‰KK 80 ‰KK 6 ‰KK 6 ‰KK 100 ‰KK 14. ewYÆZ gvbmgƒn «¼viv Kxi…c wewa wbG`Æk KGi? K KÌgeaÆgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewa L KÌgeaÆgvb gvòvMZ cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewa M KÌgnËvmgvb gvòvMZ cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewa N KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b wewa 15. DóxcK nGZ cÉvµ¦ cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`Gbi gvbmgƒn ˆKvbwU nGe? K 4, 16, 36 L 25, 20, 16 M 50,130, 230 N 50, 30, 20 16. DóxcK Abyhvqx ˆgvU Avq KZ? K 240 L 200 M 120 N 40 17. DóxcK Abyhvqx dvgÆwU ˆKvb AeÕ©vq Drcv`b KGiGQ? i. ˆjvKmvb AeÕ©vq ii. meÆwbÁ² Mo eÅGq iii. ռ͸KvGj wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 18. WzGqvcwj evRvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv i. dvGgÆi Mo Avq AGcÞv cÉvw¯¦K Avq Kg ^vGK ii. weGKÌZv `y’Rb iii. ˆKÌZv AmsLÅ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 19. ‰KBi…c ˆckv, c`wemn ‰K cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆ^GK kÉwgK AbÅ cÉwZÓ¤vGb wbGqvM jvf KiGj Kx aiGbi MwZkxjZv m†wÓ¡ nq? K Avbyf„wgK L Õ¦iMZ M DÍÏÁ¼ N wk͸MZ 20. cÉK‡Z gRywi nËvm cvGe hw` i. `vgÕ¦i e†w«¬ cvq ii. Avw^ÆK gRywi I `vgÕ¦i mgnvGi evGo iii. Avw^ÆK gRywii ˆPGq `vgÕ¦i AwaK nGj wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 21. nvmcvZvj Kx aiGbi gƒjab? K RvZxq L cÉK‡Z M mvgvwRK N Drcvv`K 22. gƒjab MVb ˆh welGqi Dci wbfÆi KGi Zv nj i. mçGqi mvg^ÆÅ ii. mçGqi BœQv iii. wewbGqvGMi cwiGek wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 23 I 24 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: X I Y `ywU eÅemv cÉwZÓ¤vb| X KvieviwU ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe ռ͸ gƒjab ‰es cviÕ·wiK wek¼vm «¼viv cwiPvwjZ| AcicGÞ Y KvieviwUi myweav nGjv evRvi nGZ ˆh ˆKvGbv cwigvY gƒjab msMÉn KiGZ cvGi| 23. X ˆKvb aiGbi eÅemv cÉwZÓ¤vb? K cvewjK wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwb L cÉvBGfU wjwgGUW ˆKvÁ·vwb M Askx`vwi Kvievi N ‰KgvwjKvbv Kvievi 24. X I Y cÉwZÓ¤vGbi cv^ÆKÅ nGjv h^vKÌGg i. bƒÅbZg m`mÅ 2 I 7 Rb ii. Õ©vqxZ½ Kg I ˆewk iii. RbMGYi AvÕ©v AwaK I Kg wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 25. LvRbvi cwigvY wbaÆviGYi RbÅ AR, MR I MC ˆiLvi mvG^ Avi Kx ˆiLv cÉGqvRb? K TVC L AC M AVC N TC 26. gvaÅwgK ˆkqvGii ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆKvbwU? K Face Value GZ KÌq Kiv hvq L `iKlvKvwli cÉGqvRb ˆbB M ˆkqvievRvGi KÌq weKÌq nq N ˆKvÁ·vwb ˆ^GK mivmwi KÌq Kiv hvq 27. A^ÆvqGbi cÉv^wgK Drm ˆKvbwU? K eÅvsK eÅeÕ©v L ˆkqvievRvi M wbRÕ¼ mçq N ‰bwRI 28. wek¼Õ¼vÕ©Å wbivc` LvG`Åi RbÅ KqwU bxwZi K^v DGÍÏL KGiGQ? K 2 L 3 M 4 N 5 wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: X ˆ`Gk RbmsLÅvi AbycvGZ Lv`Å Drcv`b Kg nGjI RbMY hZUzKz mÁ¿e cywÓ¡àY mg†«¬ Lvevi msMÉn KGi| wK¯§ Y ˆ`Gk Lv`ÅmvgMÉx chÆvµ¦ nGjI Zv ˆLGq RbMY AævZ ˆivM-eÅvwa, MfÆcvZ, cÉwZe®¬x, wk÷ R¯Ã`vb BZÅvw` mgmÅv ˆ`Lv w`GqGQ| 29. X ˆ`Gk Lv`Å wbivcîvi ˆKvb w`KwU wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ? K LvG`Åi cÉvcÅZv L LvG`Åi KÌqGhvMÅZv M LvG`Åi DcGhvwMZv N LvG`Åi wÕ©wZkxjZv 30. Y ˆ`Gki mgmÅv mgvavGb i. miKvGii ˆZgb f„wgKv ˆbB ii. cÉGZÅK eÅwÚi weGkl f„wgKv iGqGQ iii. ˆemiKvwi msÕ©viI AvMÉnx f„wgKv iGqGQ wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Dîi1 M 2 N 3 L 4 M 5 K 6 K 7 L 8 N 9 N 10 K 11 L 12 N 13 N 14 N 15 N 16 L 17 L 18 M 19 K 20 L 21 M 22 N 23 M 24 K 25 L 26 M 27 M 28 L 29 L 30 M gGWj ˆUÕ¡: wbeÆvPwb cixÞvi cÉk²cò Y (kÉg) O X (cuywR) T1 T2 Qo C C1 Q C C2 Q C C3 Q C C4 Q P.R.C MC AC P = AR = MR O Q 20 12 10

2 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj cÉk² mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbwU gvb-70 [`ËÓ¡eÅ: ˆgvU 11wU cÉk² ^vKGe| mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| cÉGZÅKwU cÉGk²i gvb 10|] 1. evsjvG`Gki RbMGYi gv^vwcQy ռ͸ gvwmK Avq, eÅq I ˆfvMÅeÅq cwiwÕ©wZ: Rwic eQi Açj gvwmK Mo 2010 Avq eÅq ˆfvMÅ eÅq RvZxq 11,480 11,200 11,003 cwÍÏ 9,648 9,612 9,436 kni 16,477 15,531 15,276 ‰Qvov wbivc` myGcq cvwb, Õ¼vÕ©ÅmÁÃZ jÅvwUÇb cÉvcÅZv ‰es cywÓ¡àY mg†«¬ I ˆfRvjgyÚ Lv`Å msMÉGn ‰LGbv AGbK DG`ÅvM MÉnY AvekÅK| K. Lv`Å wbivcîv Kx? 1 L. Rjevqy cwieZÆb ‘LvG`Åi cÉvcÅZvGK’ KxfvGe cÉfvweZ KGi? 2 M. DóxcGKi ˆUweGj Lv`Å wbivcîvi ˆKvb w`KwU wbG`Æk Kiv nGqGQ? Zv AvGjvPbv KGiv| 3 N. Lv`Å wbivc`KiGY DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ ˆÞòmgƒGni ˆcÉwÞGZ ˆemiKvwi msÕ©v I RbMY KxfvGe DG`ÅvM MÉnY KiGZ cvGi, Zv AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 2.miKvi c«Âv ˆmZz wbgÆvGY A^ÆvqGbi mvdGjÅ m¯§Ó¡ nGq ‘XvKv-PëMÉvg Dovj moK KZ‡ÆcÞ’ MVb KGi DÚ cÉKG͸i RbÅ wbaÆvwiZ evGRGUi 70 fvM IPO-‰i gvaÅGg ‰es 30 fvM RbMGYi wbKU e´£ wewKÌ KGi mÁ·` AvniY KGib| K. eÅwÚMZ A^Ævqb KvGK eGj? 1 L. ‘w«¼-cvwÞK mvnvhÅ A^ÆvqGbi ‰KwU evwnÅK Drm’@ eywSGq ˆjL| 2 M. DóxcGK ˆewkifvM mÁ·` AvniGYi DwÍÏwLZ LvZwUi 3wU ài‚Z½ DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ wewbGqvM LvZmgƒGni gGaÅ ‘moK KZ‡ÆcÞ’ ‰i `†wÓ¡GKvY ˆ^GK ˆKvb LvZwU ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe Kg eÅq mÁ·®²? AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 3. 'X' `ËeÅwU evsjvG`Gki evRvGi bZzb| DÚ `ËGeÅi cÉwZ ‰KGKi `vg 8 UvKv, wÕ©i I cwieZÆbkxj eÅq h^vKÌGg 4 I 6 UvKv| eÅemv PvwjGq hvIqvq eÅq bv evoGjI cieZÆxGZ Pvwn`v e†w«¬ cvIqvq ZLb 12 UvKv `vGg cÉwZ ‰KK wewKÌ nwœQj| ‰i…c AeÕ©vq 'Y' Õ©vGb cÉ^Gg 10 ‰KK wewKÌ nGjI cieZÆxGZ wewKÌ nq 20 ‰KK| K. wbU LvRbv KvGK eGj? 1 L. f„wgi AeÕ©vb LvRbvGK KxfvGe cÉfvweZ KGi? 2 M. 10 ‰KK weKÌGqi ˆÞGò wK aiGbi wK cwigvY LvRbv m†wÓ¡ nq Zv wbG`Æk KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK mgGqi eÅeavGb LvRbvi aviYvq wK aiGbi i…cv¯¦i NGUGQ? Zv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 4. AvivgevGMi ˆgvGo cƒGeÆ ‰Kgvò Avjxi ˆ`vKvb Qvov Avi ˆKvGbv gvbmÁ·®² Lvevi ˆ`vKvb wQj bv| eZÆgvGb ‰ ‰jvKvq Õ•zj-KGjGRi Qvò-Qvòx, Awdm KgÆKZÆvmn bvbv ˆckvi ˆjvKRb e†w«¬ cvIqvq Zvi ˆnvGUGji LvevGii Pvwn`v e†w«¬ cvq| wK¯§ wZwb Pvwn`v gGZv Lvevi mieivn KiGZ ciGQb bv| cGi wZwb cvUÆbvi wnGmGe Zvi e®¬y ˆKivgZGK mvG^ ˆbb| wKQy eÅvsK ˆjvb wbGq e†nr AvKvGii Lvevi ˆnvGUj Pvjy KGib| wK¯§ ‰i dGj AGbK mgmÅvI cieZÆxGZ ˆ`Lv w`j| K. ˆhŒ^ gƒjabx Kvievi Kx? 1 L. ‘ˆÕ¼œQvGmex cÉwZÓ¤vGbi gƒj KgÆKví nGjv mgvRKjÅvYgƒjK ˆmevKgÆ cwiPvjbv’@ eywSGq ˆjL| 2 M. DóxcGK cÉ^Gg ewYÆZ KvievGii wZbwU cÉavb ŠewkÓ¡Å ˆjL| 3 N. DóxcGK hyÚfvGe cÉwZwÓ¤Z KvievGi Kx Kx Amyweav m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ eGj Zzwg gGb Ki? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 5. ‘‰Kvîi’ wk͸ MÉ‚c 100 fvM iµ¦vwbgyLx Kvievi Õ©vcGb 2016 mvGj ˆgvU wewbGqvM KiGjb 70 ˆKvwU 80 jÞ UvKv| ‰i gGaÅ KviLvbv feb wbgÆvGY 15 ˆKvwU UvKv, fvix h¯¨cvwZ Õ©vcGb 27 ˆKvwU 32 jÞ, KuvPvgvj KÌGq 22 ˆKvwU 68 jÞ, evwK UvKv cÉwkÞY, kÉwgGKi gRywi ‰es cwienb LvGZ eÅq KGi| ‰Qvov AePq LvGZI eÅq nq 1 ˆKvwU 60 jÞ UvKv| mÁ·ÉwZ miKvi myG`i nvi, KuvPvgvGji Ici fZzÆwK, Ki AeKvk I wewbGqvGMi wÕ©wZkxj cwiGek eRvq ivLvi gGZv c`GÞc MÉnY KGiGQ| K. gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZv Kx? 1 L. ivR‹bwZK wÕ©wZkxjZv gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZvGK KxfvGe cÉfvweZ KGi? 2 M. ‘‰Kvîi’ wk͸ MÉ‚Gci 2016 mvGj wewbGqvwRZ wÕ©i gƒjaGbi cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK miKvGii M†nxZ c`GÞc gƒjaGbi cwigvY e†w«¬GZ KxfvGe f„wgKv ivLGe eGj gGb Ki? 4 6. XvKvq cÉwZ ˆKwR Avjyi `vg 20 UvKv wK¯§ hGkvGii wkgywjqvq DÚ Avjyi `vg 10 UvKv| mewR, gvQ, djgƒj cÉvq mKj cYÅmvgMÉxi `vg ˆmLvGb Kg| XvKvq ‰KwU euvk I ˆeGZi cYÅ ŠZwii KviLvbvi ˆKvqvwjwU KG´ŸÈvj AwdmvGii ˆeZb gvwmK 20,000 UvKv, `vgmƒPK 200| wK¯§ wkgywjqvq ˆmi…c KviLvbvq DÚ cG` wbGqvwRZ KgÆKZÆv ˆeZb gvwmK mGeÆvœP 12,000 UvKv ‰es ˆmLvGb `vgmƒPK 80 UvKv| wkgywjqvq cÉvq cÉwZ NGiNGi ‰ aiGbi KzwUiwk͸ ˆek cÉmvi jvf KGiGQ| bvix-cyi‚l AGbGKB wbGRi evwoGZ ^vGK| wkÞvMZ ˆhvMÅZv bv ^vKv mGî½I ÷ay `ÞZvi «¼vivB AGbK cwievi AvR `wi`Ë AeÕ©v KvwUGq DGVGQ ‰es jÞ UvKvi gvwjK nGqGQ| K. kÉGgi Pvwn`v KvGK eGj? 1 L. ‘Avq’ aviYvwU gRywi AGcÞv c†^K@ eywSGq `vI| 2 M. DóxcGK ˆKv^vq meÆvwaK Avw^ÆK gRywi we`Ågvb eGj Zzwg gGb Ki? eywSGq `vI| 3 N. DóxcGK ˆh ‰jvKvq cÉK‡Z gRywi AwaK Zvi wbaÆviKàGjv AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 7. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ KGiv: K. WzGqvcmwb evRvi Kx? 1 L. Aeva cÉGek I cÉÕ©vb KxfvGe ‰KGPwUqv evRviGK cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZv evRvi nGZ Avjv`v KGiGQ? 2 M. DóxcGK Mo Avq 2 UvKvi ‰i ˆgvU Avq ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK we`Ågvb evRvimgƒGni gGaÅ ˆKvbwUGZ ˆKÌZv I weGKÌZv ˆKD ‰KfvGe AwaK jvfevbI nGe bv, ÞwZMÉÕ¦I nGe bv@ eywSGq wjL| 4 8. wbGPi QKwU jÞ Ki: kÉg cyuwR ˆgvU Drcv`b 1 ‰KK 1 ‰KK 50 ‰KK 2 ‰KK 2 ‰KK 130 ‰KK 3 ‰KK 3 ‰KK 230 ‰KK K. cÉvw¯¦K AvGqi mƒòwU wjL| 1 L. AC = MC, AC ˆiLvi ‰KwU we±`yGZB NGU, eywSGq `vI| 2 M. DóxcGKi DcKiYmgƒGni mswgkÉY mƒPK we±`yGZ mg Drcv`b gvbwPò Aâb KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi Z^Åmgƒn Kxi…c wewaGK mg^Æb KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 9. Pvwn`v AGcÞK : Qd = 40 5P ˆhvMvb AGcÞK : Qs = 20 + 5P K. cwieZÆK `ËeÅ Kx? 1 L. mgGqi eÅeavGbi dGj KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM wewa KvhÆKi nq bv ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcK nGZ fvimvgÅ `vg wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. fvimvgÅ `vg 3 UvKv nGj ˆhvMvb ˆiLv wÕ©i ˆ^GK Pvwn`v ˆiLvi Kxi…c Õ©vbv¯¦i NGU? Zv ˆiLvwPGòi mvnvGhÅ DcÕ©vcb KGiv| 4 10. wbGPi QKwU jÞ Ki: Px (`vg) Y Avq Pvwn`v Qx Qy 10 UvKv 5 UvKv 20,000 UvKv 40,000 UvKv 100 ‰KK 50 ‰KK 50 ‰KK 75 ‰KK K. DcGhvM KvGK eGj? 1 L. ‘AwZ ռ͸Kvj’ ˆhvMvbGK KxfvGe cÉfvweZ KGi? 2 M. 'X' `ËGeÅi Avq wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. 'X' I 'Y' «¼viv `ËeÅ `ywUi gGaÅ Kx aiGbi mÁ·KÆ iGqGQ Zv AvovAvwo wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZvi mvnvGhÅ weGkÏlY KGi ˆ`LvI| 4 11. wbw`ÆÓ¡ mÁ·G`i AaxGb ‰KRb Drcv`GKi 'X' I 'Y' `ËeÅ Drcv`Gbi wewf®² mswgkÉY wbGÁ²i ZvwjKvq ˆ`Iqv nGjv: 'X' `ËeÅ 'Y' `ËeÅ 80 70 50 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 K. mvgwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZ KvGK eGj? 1 L. wbG`ÆkgƒjK A^ÆbxwZGZ Õ¼qswKÌq `vgeÅeÕ©vi ài‚Z½ KZUzKz? 2 M. DóxcGKi gvbmgƒn «¼viv ‰KwU Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. (X = 50, Y = 3) mswgkÉYwU Drcv`Gbi RbÅ wbeÆvPGbi ˆÞGò Kx aiGbi mgmÅv D«¿e nGZ cvGi Zv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 `vg Avq eÅq

g‡Wj cÖkœcÎ 3 gGWj 2 Avb±` ˆgvnb KGjR, gqgbwmsn A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞv welq ˆKvW: 1 0 9 mgq-30 wgwbU gvb-30 [weGkl `ËÓ¡eÅ : mieivnK‡Z eüwbeÆvPwb AfxÞvi DîicGò cÉGk²i KÌwgK bÁ¼Gii wecixGZ cÉ`î eYÆmÁ¼wjZ e†îmgƒn nGZ mwVK/mGeÆvrK‡Ó¡ DîGii e†îwU ej cGq´Ÿ Kjg «¼viv mÁ·ƒYÆ fivU KGiv| cÉwZwU cÉGk²i gvb 1|] 1. Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLvi DcwiÕ© ˆKvb we±`y Kx wbG`Æk KGi? K ˆeKviZ½ L cƒYÆ wbGqvM M A-ARÆbGhvMÅ N ռ͸ Drcv`b wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 2 I 3 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 2. wPGò AB ˆiLvwU nGjv K cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b ˆiLv L Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv M KÌgnËvmgvb cÉvw¯¦K Drcv`b ˆiLv N mg-Drcv`b ˆiLv 3. DcwiDÚ wPGòi mvnvGhÅ eÅvLÅv Kiv hvq i. ˆfvÚvi DcGhvM ii. `ywU `ËGeÅi wewf®² mswgkÉY iii. myGhvM eÅq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 4. cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM FYvñK nGj ˆgvU DcGhvM ˆKgb nGe? K e†w«¬ cvGe L nËvm cvGe M wÕ©i ^vKGe N KÌgvMZ e†w«¬ cvGe 5. ˆhvMvb wewai MvwYwZK i…c ˆKvbwU? (ˆhLvGb Q ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY, p = `vg) K dQ dP = f(P) > 0; L dQ dP = f(P) < 0; M M = Q dP f = (Amxg) N M = dQ dP = 0 6. ˆhvMvb wewa KvhÆKi nq i. `vGgi cwieZÆGb ii. DcKiGYi `vGgi cwieZÆGb iii. wbw`ÆÓ¡ mgGq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i L ii M i I ii N i I iii wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 7 I 8 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: X `ËGeÅi `vg cÉwZ ˆKwR 20 UvKv ˆ^GK e†w«¬ ˆcGq 40 UvKv nGj X `ËGeÅi Pvwn`vi cwigvY 15 ˆKwR ˆ^GK KGg 10 ˆKwR nq| 7. ‰GÞGò X `ËGeÅi `vg wÕ©wZÕ©vcKZv KZ? K 0 L 1/3 M 1 N 2 8. X `ËeÅwU ˆKvb aiGbi `ËeÅ? K wbK‡Ó¡ `ËeÅ L wejvm `ËeÅ M wbZÅcÉGqvRbxq `ËeÅ N Õ¼vfvweK `ËeÅ 9. ˆKvbwU ռ͸Kvjxb Drcv`b AGcÞK? K Q = f ( K, L) L Q = f(K, L) M Q = f( K, L) N Q = f(P) 10. wbGPi ˆKvb ˆiLvwU gƒj we±`y ˆ^GK ÷i‚ nq? K ˆgvU cwieZÆbxq LiP L ˆgvU wÕ©i LiP M ˆgvU LiP N Mo LiP 11. AC ˆiLvi meÆwbÁ² we±`yGZ i. AC = MC; ii. MC meÆwbÁ² iii. MC ˆiLv Ea»ÆMvgx wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 12. ˆKvb evRvGi dvgÆGK `vg m†wÓ¡Kvix (Price maker) wnGmGe weGePbv Kiv nq? K gGbvcmwb L WzGqvcwj M AwjGMvcwj N gGbvcwj 13. evRvGi ‰KRb ˆKÌZv, ‰KRb weGKÌZv we`Ågvb, ˆmBi…c evRviGK Kx eGj? K WzGqvcmwb L WzGqvcwj M AwjGMvcvwj N w«¼-cvwÞK ‰KGPwUqv evRvi wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 14 I 15 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: 14. DóxcK Abyhvqx ˆgvU Avq (TR) KZ? K 2 UvKv L 4 UvKv M 6 UvKv N 8 UvKv 15. wPGòi E we±`yGZ wbG`ÆwkZ nGqGQ i. `vg = Mo eÅq ii. `vg = Mo Avq iii. cÉvw¯¦K Avq= cÉvw¯¦K eÅq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 16. ‰KGPwUqv evRvGii ˆÞGò ˆKvbwU mZÅ? K P > AR = MR L P = AR < MR M P = AR = MR N P = AR > MR 17. ˆKvbwU Drcv`Gbi Rxe¯¦ DcKiY? K f„wg L kÉg M gƒjab N msMVb 18. cÉK‡Z gRywi wbfÆi KGi i. Avw^ÆK gRywi ii. `vgÕ¦i iii. KvGRi mgq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 19. gƒjab Kx? K Drcv`Gbi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb L ˆfvGMi eÅen†Z Dcv`vb M mçq MVGbi Dcv`vb N cÉvK‡wZKfvGe m†Ó¡ Dcv`vb 20. NGO ‰i cƒYÆi…c ˆKvbwU? K Non Group Organisation L Non Government Office M Non Government Organisation N Non-Governmetn Officer 21. msMVGbi KvR nGjv i. evRviRvZKiY ii. SzuwK MÉnY iii. SzuwK enb I Avq e¥Ÿb wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 22. gvbyl KZ‡ÆK m†Ó¡ DcKiY nGZ cÉvµ¦ AwZwiÚ AvqGK Kx eGj? K ˆgvU LvRbv L A^Æ‹bwZK LvRbv M wbU LvRbv N wbg LvRbv 23. mçq wnmve Kivi mƒò ˆKvbwU? K S = Y + C L S = Y C M S = O Y N S = C + Y 24. gyÚ evRvi A^ÆbxwZGZ RvZxq AvGqi (Y) mƒò nGjv K C L C + 1 M C + 1 + CF N C + 1 G + Xn wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 25 I 26 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: evsjvG`Gk Rvcvwb iwe ˆmjGdvb ˆKvÁ·vwb 2014 mvGj cÉPzi gybvdv ARÆb KGi| evsjvG`GkiI cÉvq 50 nvRvi bvMwiK RvcvGb KvR KGib ‰es ZvG`i AwRÆZ Avq ˆ`Gk ˆcÉiY KGib| 25. iwe ˆmjGdvb ˆKvÁ·vwbi Avq evsjvG`Gki K GDP ˆZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe L GNP ˆZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe M GNP I GDP DfGqi gGaÅ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe N GDP ˆZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe bv 26. evsjvG`Gki bvMwiKG`i ˆcÉwiZ Avq i. evsjvG`Gki GNP ˆZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe ii. RvcvGbi GNP ˆZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe iii. RvcvGbi GDP ˆZ A¯¦fzÆÚ nGe wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 27. wdkvGi wewbgq mgxKiY ˆKvbwU? K MT = VP L MV = PT M MP = VT N M = VPT 28. A^Æ‹bwZK g±`vi mgq FY wbq¯¨GY ˆK±`Êxq eÅvsKi. myG`i nvi nËvm KGi ii. FYcò weKÌq KGi iii. bM` Rgvi nvi Kgvq wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wbGPi AbyGœQ`wU cGo 29 I 30 bs cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: Avwkl cÉwZ gvGm 2000 UvKv KGi eÅvsGK Rgv ivGL| eQGii ˆkGl Zvi ˆgvU Rgvi mvG^ eÅvsK wKQz AwZwiÚ UvKv Zvi wnmvGe Rgv KGi| 29. DwócGK ewYÆZ eÅvsKwU ˆKvb aiGbi? i. ˆK±`Êxq ii. evwYwRÅK iii. MÉvgxY wbGPi ˆKvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii N i, ii I iii 30. DóxcGK eÅvsKwUi AbÅZg KvR nGœQ K FY wbq¯¨Y L ˆbvU cÉPjb Kiv M AbÅvbÅ Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vb wbq¯¨Y N FY Av`vb-cÉ`vb Kiv Dîi1 L 2 L 3 M 4 L 5 K 6 N 7 L 8 L 9 K 10 K 11 L 12 N 13 N 14 N 15 N 16 N 17 L 18 N 19 K 20 M 21 N 22 N 23 L 24 N 25 K 26 L 27 L 28 L 29 M 30 N Y M AC 2 P=AR=M O 4 X P.R. C E

4 cvGéix m†Rbkxj A^ÆbxwZ cÉ^g cò ‰Kv`k-«¼v`k ˆkÉwY m†Rbkxj cÉk² mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbwU gvb-70 [`ËÓ¡eÅ: ˆgvU 11wU cÉk² ^vKGe| mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe| cÉGZÅKwU cÉGk²i gvb 10|] 1. wbw`ÆÓ¡ mÁ·` I cÉhywÚi AaxGb ‰KwU ˆ`Gki 'X' I 'Y' `ËeÅ Drcv`Gbi wewf®² mswgkÉY wbGÁ²i ZvwjKvq ˆ`qv nGjv: 'X' `ËeÅ (‰KK) 'Y' `ËeÅ (‰KK) 0 100 200 300 600 500 300 0 K. eÅvwÓ¡K A^ÆbxwZ Kx? 1 L. A^ÆbxwZGZ mKj Afve ‰K mvG^ cƒiY Kiv mÁ¿e nq bv ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcGKi wfwîGZ ‰KwU Drcv`b mÁ¿vebv ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. (X = 100, Y = 400) mswgkÉYwU Drcv`b Kiv ˆhŒwÚK nGe wK bv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 2. wewf®² `vGgi ˆcÉwÞGZ ˆKvGbv cGYÅi Pvwn`v I ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY wbGÁ²i mƒwPGZ ˆ`qv nGjv: `vg (UvKv) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (‰KK) ˆhvMvGbi cwigvY (‰KK) 1 2 3 4 10 8 5 2 2 3 5 6 K. PjK Kx? 1 L. Pvwn`v ˆiLv ˆKb Ea»ÆMvgx nGZ cvGi? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆjLwPGòi gvaÅGg fvimvgÅ `vg I cwigvY wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. Drcv`Gbi DcKiGYi `vg nËvGmi KviGY cÉwZ ‰KK `vGg hw` ˆhvMvb w«¼àY e†w«¬ cvq ZGe fvimvGgÅi Dci wK cÉfve coGe? DóxcGKi AvGjvGK eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 3. wbGPi ‰KRb ˆfvÚvi DcGhvM mƒwP ˆ`qv nGjv: `ËGeÅi ‰KK (Q) cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM (MU) 1 4 UvKv 2 3 UvKv 3 2 UvKv 4 1 UvKv 5 0 UvKv 6 -1 UvKv K. cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM Kx? 1 L. DcKiGYi `vg «¼viv `ËGeÅi ˆhvMvb KxfvGe cÉfvweZ nq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DcGii DóxcK nGZ ˆgvU DcGhvM mƒwP ŠZwi KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉvw¯¦K DcGhvM I ˆgvU DcGhvGMi gGaÅKvi mÁ·KÆ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 4. wbGÁ²vÚ ‰KwU ռ͸Kvjxb Drcv`b AGcÞGKi mƒwP ˆ`Iqv nGjv: f„wg (‰KK) kÉg I gƒjab (‰KK) ˆgvU Drcv`b (‰KK) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 20 30 36 40 42 42 40 K. gvòvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1 L. `xNÆKvGj ˆgvU wÕ©i eÅq ^vGK bv ˆKb? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK AP I MP wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK AP I MP ‰i mÁ·KÆ wPòmn eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 5. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki ‰es cÉk²àGjvi Dîi `vI: K. evRvi ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 1 L. cƒYÆ cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK evRvGi AR = MR nq ˆKb? 2 M. cÉ`î wPò ˆ^GK dvGgÆi ˆgvU LiP ˆiLv ˆei KGiv| 3 N. dvgÆwU hw` AÕ¼vfvweK gybvdv ARÆb KGi ZGe cÉ`wkÆZ wPGò fvimvgÅ we±`yi Kx cwieZÆb AvmGe? wPò ‰uGK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 6. dvinvbv I AvGqkv `yB ˆevb| dvinvbv ‰KwU eüRvwZK cÉwZÓ¤vGb 1,00,000 UvKv ˆeZGb KgÆiZ| wZwb ˆeZb Qvov AbÅ ˆKvb aiGbi fvZv cvb bv| AbÅw`GK, AvGqkv ‰KwU AvBwU dvGgÆ 50,000 UvKv gvwmK ˆeZGb KvR KGib| wZwb emevGmi RbÅ ‰KwU evwo webv fvovq ˆcGqGQ| ZvQvov cÉwZ eQGi 7 w`Gbi cÉwZÓ¤vGbi LiGP ŠeG`wkK ögGYi myGhvM cvb| K. gRywi Kx? 1 L. kÉGgi ˆhvMvb `xNÆGgqv`x welq@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ AvGqkvi cÉK‡Z gRywi wbYÆq KGiv| 3 N. dvinvbv I AvGqkvi gRywii gGaÅ Kvi gRywi ˆewk eGj ˆZvgvi gGb nq? DóxcGKi AvGjvGK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 7. wgGmm 'Y' ‰KRb bvix DG`ÅvÚv| wZwb Þz`ËFY KgÆmƒwPi Dci ‰KvwaK cÉwkÞY wbGqGQb| wZwb 2 jÞ UvKv wewbGqvM KGi ‘euvPGZ `vI’ bvgK ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo ˆZvGjb| cuvP eQi ci Zvi cÉwZÓ¤vGbi Avq `uvovq 7 jÞ UvKv| ‰i ci wZwb miKvi I wewf®² `vZvGMvÓ¤xi KvQ ˆ^GK AviI 5 jÞ UvKv FY MÉnY KGib| K. wbgwäZ gƒjab ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1 L. gƒjaGbi MwZkxjZv KxfvGe m†wÓ¡ nq? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK gƒjab MVb cÉwKÌqv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi ewYÆZ `vZvGMvÓ¤x I miKvi hw` wgGmm 'Y' ˆK FY bv w`Z ZvnGj Zvi gƒjab MVb AeÅvnZ ^vKZ@ eywSGq ej| 4 8. Kwei mvGne ‰KRb `Þ DG`ÅvÚv| chÆvµ¦ gƒjab, SzuwK MÉnGYi ÞgZv, ‰KK eyw«¬gîv, m†wÓ¡kxjZv, `ƒi`wkÆZv, Zî½veavb ‰es myÓ¤z evRviRvZKiGYi dGj Kwig mvGnei 'A' cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi cYÅwU AvR wek¼eÅvcx mgv`†Z| wK¯§ iwng mvGnGe Õ¼vbvgabÅ 'B' cÉwZÓ¤vGbi wKQy cÉv^wgK ˆkqvi KÌGqi gvaÅGg cÉvq wbwøG¯¦ Rxebhvcb KiGQb| KviY 'B' cÉwZÓ¤vGbi Askx`viG`i SzuwK Kg, Õ©vwqZ½ AwaK, mxgve«¬ `vq ‰es ‰ KvievGii cÉwZ RbMGYi AvÕ©v AwaK ^vGK| K. ‰bwRI Kx? 1 L. msMVb `†kÅgvb bq@ welqwU eywSGq ˆjL| 2 M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ 'A' cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi wZbwU Amyweav DGÍÏL KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ AwaK Drcv`bkxjZv I KgÆmsÕ©vb m†wÓ¡GZ 'A' cÉwZÓ¤vb AGcÞv 'B' cÉwZVvbwU AwaK hywÚhyÚ@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 9. wbGPi wPòwU jÞ Ki: K. wbU LvRbv Kx? 1 L. LvRbv wK `vGgi A¯¦fzÆÚ? 2 M. DóxcGK cÉ`wkÆZ wPGò LvRbvi ˆKvb Zî½wU cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Rwgi Pvwn`v D1 ˆ^GK D2-ˆZ e†w«¬ ˆcGj LvRbvi Ici Kx cÉfve coGe? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 4 10. wbGP mvgwMÉK Avq 'Y', ˆgvU mçq 'S' I ˆgvU wewbGqvM 'I' ‰i ‰KwU mƒwP ˆ`Iqv nGjv mƒwPwU chÆvGjvPbv KGi mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²vàGjvi Dîi `vI: mvgwMÉK Avq 'Y' ˆKvwU UvKvq ˆgvU mçq 'S' ˆKvwU UvKvq ˆgvU wewbGqvM 'I' ˆKvwU UvKvq 300 50 100 400 100 100 500 150 100 K. RvZxq Avq Kx? 1 L. ‘wewbGqvM mçGqi Ici wbfÆikxj’ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DcwiDÚ mƒwP nGZ mçq ˆiLv Aâb KGiv| 3 N. mƒwPi AvGjvGK ˆiLvwPGòi gvaÅGg fvimvgÅ AvqÕ¦i wbaÆviY KGiv| 4 11. mvev m`Å ‰KwU Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vGb PvKwi cvb hv ˆ`Gki mKj Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vàGjvGK wbq¯¨Y I miKvGii civgkÆ`vZv wnGmGe KvR KGi| mvevi e®¬y wbkvI AbÅ ‰KwU Avw^ÆK cÉwZÓ¤vGb PvKwi KGib hviv RbMGYi A^Æ AvgvbZ ivGL I ռ͸Ggqvw` FY cÉ`vGbi gvaÅGg gybvdv ARÆb KGi| K. Aviwfs wdkvGii mÁ·ÉmviYK‡Z mgxKiYwU wjL| 1 L. ˆgvevBj eÅvsK KxfvGe eÅvswKs KvhÆKÌgGK mnvqZv KGiGQ? 2 M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK mvevi cÉwZÓ¤vGbi cÉavb wZbwU KvhÆvewj eÅvLÅv KGiv|3 N. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK mvev I wbkvi cÉwZÓ¤vGbi gGaÅ wK ˆKvGbv cv^ÆKÅ cwijwÞZ nq? ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4