Sec5 พุธ-เช้า นวพล ทองย้อย 6312101920

Individual
Report

7

Nawapon Thongyoi

Sec 5 Wed-morning

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The present simple
This is used to refer to regular occurrences or actions that are frequently repeated

For example ; I take the 8:15 train and usually get into work just before 9:00.

The following adverbs of frequency and time
FT•
markers often appear in sentences of this type always frequently generally

• planned events and timetables hardly ever normally
The conference opens on Wednesday
never occasionally often

November 12th. rarely sometimes

• events that are being described in a story or systematically usually
once /twice (a day, a week, a
narrative month, a year)
He goes into his office, turns on the computer, every (day, week, hour, month,
and discovers that the file is missing.
rules and writtenstatements Iyzear, timez) ml

The contract specifies the exact number of Formltlj St Yls /es , )-
hours to be worked.
Formty 5 + donot / doesnott Y
iconditions in a first conditional sentence
If she gets the promotion, she'll have to move ใForm ; Do / Does +5 + Y
to head office.
Answerlt , - า; Yes / No +5 + dorit /doesrit
The present continuous
This is used to refer to things that are taking place at the time of speaking
Martha is talking to a customer on the phone.
Conditions that are temporary

Juliet is using my office while I'm away.
iii.currently at present presently
Verbs in the present continuous are often associated with the following adverbs
and time markers:
verbs of cognition
still right now at the moment
hear, know, believe, see

verbs of feeling
like, dislike, want, prefer
All other verbs have both continuous
Some verb are never used in the continuous form ; and simple forms.

Are you knowing who is chairing the meeting? 5 + Vtobe + Ving
Do you know who is chairing the meeting?

Continuous Tenses and Meaning

continuous tense: any tense, past, present or future, formed with the auxiliary verb be
and a main verb in -ing form (for example: he is speaking, they have been working)

There are some verbs that we do not normally use with continuous (or progressive)
tenses. And there are other verbs that have one meaning with simple tenses and a
different meaning with continuous tenses.

Non-Continuous Verbs

Non-continuous verbs are verbs that we do not normally use with continuous tenses.
These "stative" verbs are about state, not action, and they cannot express the
continuous or progressive aspect. Here are some of the most common non-
continuous verbs:
• feeling: hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish
• senses: appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, taste
• communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean, promise, satisfy, surprise
• thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize, recognize, remember, understand
• other states: be, belong, concern, depend, involve, matter, need, owe, own,
possess

Present perfect

The present perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb have plus the past participle or

-ed form of the main verb (check your dictionary for irregular past participles):

: Our Internet provider has recently upgraded our connection speed.
The government spokesperson hasn't yet made a declaration to the press.

5 + have /has + V.3

* We use the present perfect to talk about: events and already almost
actions that have started but are not yet finished. always just
The number of viewers has continued to drop.
often hearly
* for to indicate the duration of something
We've used digital technology for the last heverlever yet

two years.

Past simple

§* ② The affirmative form of the past simple is formed by
adding -ed to regular verbs or by using the past
form of irregular verbs (again check your dictionary
for irregular verbs):

11 The unions rejected the government's offer.]1

We use the past simple to talk about:

• things that happened at a specific time or during after aftevwards
a specific period in the past
1(The magazine published the article in December).) ago befove for
• things that happened regularly in the past
" phone." finally yesterday
filed their reports by
Journalists
The interrogative and negative forms include the auxiliary did:
Did you listen to the news this morning? then lastlweekitc)

Pronouns and Adjective Possessive

Part of Speech Adjective

Noun

A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, An adjective is a word used to modify
or idea. Nouns are often used with an article or describe a noun or a pronoun. It
(the, a, an), but not always. Nouns can be usually answers the question of which
one, what kind, or how many. (Articles
singular or plural. Girl Jane Pen [a, an, the] are usually classified as
,, adjectives.)
Pr0h0 Uh Pretty old blue smart
. .. .. . ... .. .

young . . . Iong thin. . .
.. .

A word or phrase that replaces a noun, /
for not to use that noun again.
• Common pronouns are: Adverb

We They Them He She It an adjective, another adverb, clause,
or sentence.
Verb Example: She runs quickly.

The verb in a sentence expresses action Types of Adverbs
or being. There is a main verb and 1. Adverbs of Manner
sometimes one or more helping verbs. 2. Adverbs of Place
A verb must agree with its subject in number 3. Adverbs of Time
(both are singular or both are plural) 4. Adverbs of Degree
5. Adverbs of Frequency

[onjuncti0h preposition inatonofto

Conjunctions are words that join together above belowunder
words, phrases or clauses. Conjunctions
are used to show a relationship between A preposition is a word or group of words
the words, phrases or clauses. Conjunctions
also show agreement or disagreement used before a noun, pronoun, or noun
between ideas. phrase to show direction, time, place
Hey !
Interjertion ห า0 .. .

I. well
. ..

An interjection is a small word in a sentence
that carries meaning without being an actual
part of the sentence.

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Consvnctions

Itsawordtoemneet NO CONJUNCTION | USE CONJUNCTION
I like pink I like pink and blue but
sentenresto I like blue I hate black I hate black

words phrases , 1. COORDINATING

makeas,entenreslookmporieesxa.r"ifie"d.c"om"

edueated . " these conjunctions coordinate or join

" Linking Words two or more sentences, main clauses,
words, or other parts of speech which

are of the same syntactic importance. "

2. SUBORDINATING " Joinwordofthesameweight
" FANBOYS "

yetfor and nor but or 50

these conjunctions join dependent clauses to ex I want to go to Japan and Korea on
independent clauses. .

" my holidays.
3. Correlative
" Connertaminorsentenretomainsentenee

- AFTER - BECAUSE This type of conjunction is similar toCoordinating
conjunctions, which connect equally weighted
- WHEN sentences. But this link comes in a double pack.
- THOUGH Correlative conjunctions
- UNTIL
- BEFORE
- WHERE
- UNLESS

☐- WHENEVER
- WHEREVER - WHILE

example as as if then . ..
.. . . .. . ..
I can do everything for you because I love you.
both and .. . not but .. .
He will go homes after he finished his work. . .. . ..

We take a bath before we eat breakfast. either or neither hor . ..
. .. . .. . ..

hotonlythemore themore . .. butalso
. .. . .. . ..

example He is as tall as me.

She is both beautiful and nice.

Preposition

prepoot PI aee prepo of time

Prepositions of place give specific Prepositions of time give information
information about the position /location of about the timing or the duration of
one thing in relation to another: something.

The keys are kept in a cabinet behind ☒ Since the position was advertised
the reception desk. we've received 400 applications.
The most common prepositions of place

#that are used to indicate static positions are:

Count and non-count nouns
Nouns are of three main types: non-count nouns. They are only used in
count nouns. Most count nouns have plural the singular. They are never used with
forms with a final s or es: the definite article a or an:

a mistake some mistakes
a watch the watches
absence assistance

Some count nouns have irregular plural forms: behavior childhood in,
the woman the women confidence entertainment
food growth information

aircraft aircraft child children health help intelligence
foot feet man men knowledge labor money
person people tooth teeth poverty security respect
sheep sheep fish fish trade training transport
travel water wealth

Duatmeaning Verbs
For example, the verb think has two
Some verbs have two different meanings different meanings:
or senses. For one sense we cannot use a 1. to believe, to have an opinion
continuous tense. For the other sense we I think red is a sexy colour.
can use any tense. 2. to reflect, to use your brain to solve a
problem
When we use the stative sense, we cannot I am thinking about my homework.
use a continuous tense. When we use the
dynamic sense, we can use any tense, In sense 1 there is no real action, no
depending on the situation. activity. This sense is called "stative".
In sense 2 there is a kind of action, a
kind of activity. This sense is called
"dynamic".

Singular Noun " ""mwhatitis

A A THE Nouse for the word that Religion, Brand
Uncountable noun
begin with consonant Year,Month,Day

II. I.and are pronounced
for the word that only one thing that exists
are pronounced Phrase or noun with other
as vowel sound modifiers
• Country that ends with o Streets
as consonant sound letter "S" Languages

o
Specific places
Superative adjective

Tag questions

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Wh- questions Suffixes

The following interrogative pronouns, '
adverbs and adjectives are used to
introduce wh- question forms:

Question word Refers to -

what (adj/pron) objects, actions, states
when (adv) time
where (adv) location
which (adj/pron) objects, actions, states

who (pron) people
whom* (pron) people(indirect object)
whose (adj) people(possessive)
why (adv) actions, states
how (adv) actions, states

* Whom is mostly used in formal written English. In Prelfixes
an informal context, who is more usual.

* Most wh- question forms are followed by an
auxiliary
verb and a personal pronoun:
Why did you leave your previous employer?
What and who can be used as the subject of the
verb. When this is the case, the auxiliary verb is
not included and the verb is

• How questions are often formed with adjectives or
adverbs such as big, expensive, important, long,
often, powerful, tall, wide:
How old do you have to be to take carly
retirement?
Some of the most common questions of this type are:

Duration Frequency
How long...? How often ...?

Size How big / wide/long/high ...?

Age How old ...?

Degree How powerful / strong ...?
• How much and how many are usually

associated with nouns:

How many people work in this

department?



Passive voice Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when
5 + V.to be + V3 the focus is on the action. It is
not important or not known,
When rewriting active sentences in passive however, who or what is
voice, note the following: performing the action.

the object of the active sentence becomes Sometimes a
the subject of the passive sentence statement in passive
is more polite than
: the finite form of the verb is changed (to be active voice,

+ past participle)
the subject of the active sentence becomes

the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

*Causative GET SOMEONE TO
Verbs DO SOMETHING

to show that someone or something someone does something for you
caused something to happen. Causative because you persuade (= encourage,
verbs are: get, have, make, let and help. tell them that you’d like them to do
something) them to do it.
HAVE/GET
SOMETHING DONE Example ;
I (finally) got my kids to go
someone does something for you because to bed.
you pay or ask them to do it , but you don’t
say who this person is. MAKE SOMEONE
DO SOMETHING
งExample ;
He had/got his hair cut. you force someone/something to do
something for you.
_
Example ;

BDon’t make her (Sarah) cry.
HAVE SOMEONE DO LET SOMEONE/

SOMETHING SOMETHING DO

someone does something for you because SOMETHING
you pay or ask them to do it, but you also
say who this person is. you allow ( = let, give permission to do
something) someone to do something
Examples: or you allow something to happen.
The teacher had the students
write a test. Example ;
I let the chicken burn in the oven.

HELP SOMEONE (to) DO SOMETHING

you help ( = assist) someone (to) do something. This structure is
most often used without ‘to’.

Example ; Could you help me carry my bags?

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Comparison of Adjectives

Equal Comparison Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs
A quality shared in the same amount means
that the two things are equal in some way. There are some irregular adjectives
The form used to make this kind of and adverbs. They do not make the
comparative or superlative the same
comparison is asadj / adv as way that other ones do. They do not
use either -er / -est or more / most.
Our boss is as friendly as yours. Their comparative and superlative
forms have to be remembered:
Comparative
Regular Comparative Superative
To show a difference or to show that there good
is only a similarity between two things better best
Adjectives bad
with 1-2 syllable use suffix-er worse worst
- stronger, easier / ittk
more 2 syllable use More/less….than, many Iess least
- more fashionable much most
more most
Superlative some more most
more
If the comparison is between three or more
things then the superlative form must be used.
Adjective
with 1-2 syllable use suffix-est
- the highest
Longer adjectives use most/least
- the most popular





A little/ a bit easier than
A little/ a bit more qualified than
Acknowledgement (n) an act or a statement
Adjacent (adj.) very near; next to
Aesthetic (adj) made in an artistic way and beautiful to look at
Architecture (n) the design or style of a building or buildings
Attorney (n) a lawyer, especially one who can act for
somebody in court
Binding (adj)
hat must be obeyed because it is accepted in
Bioconstruction (n) law - a binding promise/agreement/contract
The construction of an architectural element
bonnet (n) by a (group of) living organism(s)
a hat tied with strings under the chin, worn
Carry on by babies and, especially in the past, by women
Collaboratively
Compilation (n) to continue doing something
cooperatively, mutually
Complimentary (adj) a collection of items, especially pieces of music
Consultant (n) or writing, taken from different places and put
Contemporary (adj) together
Correspondent (n) given free
Cubicle Adviser
existing or happening now
Debris (n) Reporter
a small area of a room that is separated off
Demolish (v) by curtains or by thin or low walls

Demonstration (n) pieces of wood, metal, building materials, etc. that
Designate (v) are left after something has been destroyed
Directory (n) to completely destroy a building, especially in

Document (v) order to use the land for something else
the act of showing someone how to do something
Duration (n) to describe
a book that gives a list of names, addresses, or

other facts:
to record something in the form of a written

document, photograph, film, etc.
the length of time that something lasts

Embedded software is computer software, written to control
Emigrate (v) machines or devices
Expressing to leave your own country to go and live
permanently in another country
Factory assembly line thanks to somebody; something
that is given to somebody as thanks
Feature article
Featuring a line of workers and machines in a factory,
Fire drill (n) along which a product passes, having parts
Foundation (n) made, put together or checked at each stage until
Foundry (n) the product is finished
a feature article in a newspaper or magazine
Goumet (adj.) deals in depth with a topic
including
Icon (n) the set of actions that should be performed
Immensely (adv) groundwork, base
Incompatible (adj.) a factory where metal or glass is melted and
made into different shapes or objects /
Indigenous (adj) an iron foundry
insightful (adj.)
Insole (n) high quality and often expensive connected
Instantly (adv) with food or wine of this type

Job prospects a famous person or thing that is a symbol of
a particular idea, way of life, etc.
extremely; very much; enormously in order
to safely leave a building when it is on fire.
incompatible (with something) = two actions,
ideas, etc. that are incompatible are not
acceptable or possible together because of
basic differences
native
showing a clear understanding of a person
or situation
labels in shoes
immediately

chance for future success in a profession

Little brother the computer program used to keep track of
Log in what the employees are doing
Log on to talk about entering a particular website
Log on is used more frequently to talk about
Manuscript (n) starting a computer
menial (adj)
Milestone (n) Original printed or written
Mold / mould (n) not needing special skills
a very important stage or event in the development
Molten materials of something
Much/ a lot a container that you pour a liquid or soft substance
Much/ a lot into, which then becomes solid in the same shape as
Municipal (adj) the container.
(of metal, rock or glass) heated to a very high
Negotiation (n) temperature so that it becomes liquid
more easier than
Optimism (n) more qualified than
Outgoing (adj) connected with or belonging to a town, city or district
Outweigh (v) that has its own local government
Overview (n)
the process of discussing something with someone
Padded leather (n) in order to reach an agreement with them
Patron (n)
Plaintiff (n) a feeling that good things will happen or person
Premier (adj) (of a person) friendly and finding it easy and
enjoyable to be with others
to be greater or more important than something
a short description of something that provides
general information about it, but no details

something that is made from leather
a person or group that supports an activity or
organization, especially by giving money:
a person who makes a formal complaint against
somebody in court
most important, famous or successful

Recount (v) tell; describe
Recruit (v) to find new people to join a company, an
Recruitment (n) organization
Redeem (v) the process of finding candidates for the vacant
Regardless of (prep.) position.
Renew (v) to make somebody/something seem less bad
Retailing (n) paying no attention to something/somebody
Retrieve (v) make new increase the life of or replace
Retro (adj) something old
Reverie (n) he activity of selling goods to the public
(formal) to bring or get something back,
Sensorial experience especially from a place
Sewing machine (n) using styles or fashions from the recent past the
Spur (v) current Seventies retro trend / retro look
Subsequently (adv) a state of thinking about pleasant things, almost
Surveillance (n) as though you are dreaming SYNONYM daydream

Take account of Sensory experiences are any activities that help
Troupe (n) your child learn using their five senses.
Trustee (n) a machine that is used for sewing things that are
made of cloth
Vaguely (adv) an encourage somebody to do something
Venture (n) afterwards; later; after something else has
Vulnerable (adj) happened
What have you been up to? the careful watching of a person or place,
especially by the police or army, because of a crime
that has happened

consider
a group of performers such as singers or
dancers who work and travel together
a person or an organization that has control of
money (trust of somebody)

in a way that is not clearly expressed
a business project or activity
weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally
What have you been doing?















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