BUKU AJAR BAHASA INGGRIS Dra. Widyastuti, M.Pd UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SALATIGA 2024
CHAPTER I Capaian Pembelajaran (CP) : Menguasai pengetahuan dasar tentang kajian ekonomi dalam praktek berkomunikasi Bahasa Inggris. A. With your Partner, Describe the following picture and tell about the differences https://money.kompas.com/image/2022/10/24/070500626/pasar-tradisional--pengertian-ciridan-bedanya-dengan-pasar-modern?page=1 https://food.detik.com/info-kuliner/d-5694696/6-supermarket-premium-yang-populer-dijakarta-pernah-mampir
B. Ask your partner which place he/she prefers. A traditional market or supermarket? Ask her/him the reason. X : Which do you prefer shopping at super markets or traditional markets? Y : ……….. X : Why? Y : …….. C. Reading TRADITIONAL MARKET The traditional market is called Pasar in Indonesian. There are still lots of Pasar in many cities although the number of supermarkets has increased. Some people prefer to go to a supermarket with its air-conditioned building and clean stuff. But the traditional market can be fun too. First of all, the prices can have a big difference with supermarket and the stuff (vegetables, fruit, spices, meat) is fresher. Who doesn’t want to pay less for better stuff? Official traditional market has a building in which people rent or own a counter for their stuff. Those who have less money and cannot afford to pay the rent; are still allowed to sell paying just a little to the authority. The spot is outside the building, they put their stuff on the ground covered with the mat. Mostly they stay from morning until noon, and then they have to go. They have a limited time to sell than other vendors inside the building. DAILY TRIP TO THE PASAR Going to the pasar is a daily activity for Indonesian women or their household help. Since refrigerators are too expensive for the poor and Indonesians like their vegetables and meat fresh, this necessitates a trip to the pasar each day to buy ingredients for that day's meals. While
shopping in supermarkets is popular amongst the middle and upper classes, supermarket prices are generally too expensive for the poor. Shopping is not all that's done at the pasar. It's also a chance to get out of the house and catch up on all the latest news and gossip with neighbors and friends. Prices are not marked on items at traditional markets. Therefore, the fine art of bargaining is taken to new levels as housewives and household help try to get the cheapest prices possible. True shopping savvy means that you already know what the price should be before you start shopping. Prices are compared and news is spread from friend to friend on today's prices for various items. Foreigners are not necessarily privy to the price information network and must bargain ardently to get the best price. Before you go to the pasar, ask your household help what prices you can expect to pay for the various items you want to buy. You could also check supermarket prices realizing that the items will be cheaper at the pasar. (https://www.expat.or.id/info/traditionalmarkets.html) D. Answer these questions based on the text above. 1. Why do people prefer to go to a supermarket? 2. Is a traditional market fun? Give your reason! 3. Where will they sell if they can not afford to rent the counter? 4. What does true shopping savvy mean? 5. Are prices marked on items at the supermarket? 6. What must we do in the traditional market to get the best price? 7. Is the supermarket popular amongst the middle class and poor? 8. To buy items cheaper in the traditional market, what should we do? 9. What is the difference between people who can afford to rent a counter and can not afford to rent a counter? 10. Is shopping a chance to get out of the house and catch up on all the latest news and gossip with neighbors and friends?
E. Discuss with your group. What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing business in malls and online?
CHAPTER II Capaian Pembelajaran (CP) : Menguasai pengetahuan dasar tentang kajian Politik dalam praktek berkomunikasi Bahasa Inggris A. Discuss with your partner. 1. What do you know about the parliament or the House of Representatives? 2. What do you know about the following political parties and general leaders in Indonesia?
B. READING Task 1 Vocabulary Match the meanings of the following words 1. Statute a. Mengubah 2. Ratify b. Ditarik 3. Enacted c. Hakim 4. Prescribe d. Diumumkan secara resmi 5. Treaties e. Kedaulatan 6. Court f. Persayaratan 7. A judge g. Perjanjian 8. Requisites h. Menentukan 9. Promulgated i. Mengesahkan 10. Withdrawn. j. Pengadilan 11. Amend k. Diberlakukan 12. Sovereignty l. Undang-undang THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Parliament, or the House of Representatives (DPR), is a high body or institution of the state. It consists of representatives of the people elected to office through the political parties and the ‘functional’ group. The structure of the body is prescribed by statute and it is to sit at least once a year. All statutes of the nation require its agreement or approval to become law. This law-making process is shared with the president, who must ratify all statutes; any statute enacted by the parliament and not so ratified is without force of law. The House of Parliament is given express power to determine the annual budget, to fix taxes, to prescribe kinds and values of currency, and in general to regulate the financial matters of the nation. With the president, it declares war, makes peace, and concludes treaties. It is explicitly authorized to determine the divisions of Indonesia and the structure of regional government, the form of the People’s Consultative Assembly and Supreme Advisory Council, and of itself, to regulate the judicial power, to prescribe the structure of the court and the conditions for becoming a judge, to determine the conditions of citizenship and the requisites of national defiance and to regulate the nation’s educational system. It is also given ultimate power over emergency acts promulgated by the President. Without the agreement of the
parliament, unless such acts are approved by the parliament at its next session following promulgation, they must be withdrawn. Parliament or the House of Representatives has no authority to amend the Constitution that functions in the hands of the People’s Consultative Assembly. The legislative power of Parliament as stated above seems to be unlimited, especially from the point of view of Parliament as a manifestation of the sovereignty of the Indonesian people. Parliament does not only have legislative power, but it also possesses budget rights; thus, Parliament has financial control over the government. Chapter III of the 1945 Constitution states, among other things, that the President of the Republic of Indonesia holds office in the government according to the constitution; in performing his duties as President, he is assisted by a Vice president. https://www.reyfelproject.com/post/artikel-bahasa-inggris-hukum TASK 2 Answer the following questions 1. What does the House of Representatives consist of? 2. Who must ratify all the statutes of the nation? 3. What is the function of the House representatives in regulating the financial matters of the nation? 4. Can the House of Representatives and the President declare war, make peace, and conclude treaties? 5. What is the manifestation of the House of Representatives in Indonesia? 6. Besides having legislative power, what is another power of the House representatives? 7. What are the duties of the People’s Consultative Assembly and Supreme Advisory Council? 8. Who assists the president in performing his duties? 9. Does the House of Representatives have the authority to amend the Constitution that functions in the hands of the People’s Consultative Assembly? 10. What happens if the House of Representatives does not agree with the ultimate power over emergency acts promulgated by the President?
TASK 3 Discuss with your group, and answer the following question: Why political education is important for teenagers
CHAPTER 3 Capaian Pembelajaran (CP) : Menguasai pengetahuan dasar tentang kajian Sosial dalam praktek berkomunikasi Bahasa Inggris. A. Discuss with your partner, tell about the following pictures B. READING SOSIAL MEDIA Social media has become an integral part of our lives, transforming the way we communicate and interact. While it offers many benefits, it is important to critically examine the impact of social media on society and consider both its positive and negative aspects.
Firstly, social media enhances connectivity and communication. It allows people to connect with friends, family, and communities regardless of geographical boundaries. It provides a platform for sharing ideas, information, and experiences, fostering a sense of belonging and promoting cultural exchange. It has revolutionized activism and social movements, empowering individuals to raise awareness and create social change. Secondly, social media has a significant impact on mental health. Excessive use of social media has been linked to increased feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety. The constant exposure to carefully curated images and unrealistic portrayals can lead to low self-esteem and body image issues, especially among young people. It is important to use social media mindfully and promote healthy online habits. Furthermore, social media has influenced the spread of misinformation and fake news. The ease of sharing information on social media platforms has led to the rapid dissemination of unverified or false information, which can have serious consequences for society. It is crucial for individuals to critically evaluate the information they encounter and verify its authenticity before sharing. Social media has both positive and negative impacts on society. While it enhances connectivity and communication, it also has detrimental effects on mental health and contributes to the spread of misinformation. https://www.detik.com/jatim/berita/d-7156533/15-contoh-analytical-exposition-textsingkat ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS 1. Does social media in society only have positive aspects? 2. Why does social media enhance connectivity and communication? 3. What platforms are provided by social media? 4. Why does social media have a significant impact on mental health? 5. What things in social media can lead to low self-esteem and body image issues, especially among young people? 6. What must we do to prevent mental health in using social media? 7. Why does social media have influenced the spread of misinformation and fake news? 8. What must we do to prevent false information? 9. Mention the positive impact of social media! 10. Mention the negative impact of social media!
C. Discussion Ask your friends which social media they often use and why they use them.
CHAPTER 4 Capaian Pembelajaran (CP) : Menguasai pengetahuan dasar tentang kajian nilai-nilai kebangsaan dalam praktek komunikasi Bahasa Inggris. A. Discuss with your partner/ group. What do you know about these heroes/heroines? Tell your discussion in front of the class. B. READING Task 1 Vocabulary Match the meanings of the following words 1. Embracing a. Prasangka. 2. Endure b. Memerangi 3. Tenacity c. Penyertaan 4. Highlighted d. Penganiayaan 5. Ensuring e. Merangkul
6. Persecution f. Adil 7. Combating g. Menderita 8. Prejudice h. Disorot 9. Equitable i. Kegigihan 10. Inclusion j. Memastikan RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE Tolerance means not only knowing the other person’s religion, but also embracing, respecting, or supporting it. Tolerance has traditionally been interpreted as a system of norms based on the democratic principles of equality, freedom, and nonviolence in understanding one's attitude toward others (Korobeynikova, 2015). To tolerate in this sense means allowing the existence or occurrence of something that one dislikes or disagrees with to endure with tenacity. Promoting religious tolerance, according to UNESCO, involves various aspects. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of promoting knowledge and understanding by providing accurate and comprehensive information about different religions, including their beliefs, practices, and contributions to society. Secondly, fostering mutual respect and dialogue is crucial, creating opportunities for interfaith and intercultural exchanges that encourage respectful interactions among individuals from diverse religious and cultural backgrounds. Thirdly, protecting freedom of religion or belief is highlighted, ensuring that individuals have the right to practice their religion freely without facing discrimination or persecution. Additionally, combating discrimination and stereotypes related to religion is emphasized, challenging prejudices and discriminatory practices to promote inclusive and equitable societies. Furthermore, UNESCO emphasizes the need to promote tolerance and inclusion in education, developing educational materials and curricula that foster respect, understanding, and tolerance towards diverse religious beliefs and practices.
Lastly, encouraging pluralism and social cohesion is vital, as is supporting initiatives that promote social harmony, interreligious understanding, and peaceful coexistence, recognizing the value of diversity in society. (Education of English as Foreign Language Journal (EDUCAFL). 2023: Vol. 6 (1): 10.21776/ub.educafl.2023.006.01.06) Task 2 ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS 1. What does tolerance mean? 2. What has tolerance traditionally been interpreted? 3. Does promoting religious tolerance, according to UNESCO, involve various aspects? 4. What does promoting religion emphasize? 5. Why is fostering mutual respect and dialogue crucial? 6. How is protecting freedom of religion or belief highlighted? 7. How to promote inclusive and equitable societies? 8. How does UNESCO emphasize promoting tolerance and inclusion in education? 9. Why is encouraging pluralism and social cohesion vital? 10. Does allowing the existence or occurrence of something that one dislikes or disagrees with to endure with tenacity include tolerance? C. DISCUSSION What do you do as proof of your love for your homeland, Indonesia?