Vedanta Integrated Social Studies 7 Final (2078)

Administrative Records

The administrative records are very important for data collection. Some
office keeps the record of the people related to their office. Revenue collection
office keeps the records of the taxpayers. Tourism Board keeps the records
of tourists and Ministry of Labour keeps the records of the people working
abroad. Likewise, the Ministry of Education keeps the records of students
and teachers.

Base 2058 B.S. 2068 B.S.
24.3 per thousand
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) 32.5 per thousand 6.8 per thousand
19,21,494
Crude Death Rate (CDR) 9.3 per thousand N. A.

Out migrations (Emigration) 7,62,188 Source: CBS Report 2012

In migrations (Immigration) 6,08,092

ACTIVITIES

(1) Collect different data of the total population of Nepal from the year
1968 BS to 2068 BS and present it in a chart paper.

EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the blanks by using appropriate words.

(a) The population census was started from the year …………… for the
first time in our country Nepal.

(b) Vital registration is collected from the local ………………… of the
government.

(c) Ministry of …………… keeps the records of students.

(d) The vital registration system was started from ……………... 2034 BS
in Nepal.

(e) Tourism Board keeps the …………...of tourists.

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(2) Write a paragraph about the beginning of the census system in Nepal.
(3) What comes in the vital registration data?
(4) What are the objectives of taking census every ten years?
(5) What are the survey data and administrative records? Write in short.

COMMUNITY WORK

Collect a sample data of your locality with reference to the given chart
and present it in your classroom.

Total Total Male Female School No of Differently
going senior able
Households Population children citizens
people (if)

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Introduction to Population and Demographic Situation

Lesson Trends of Population Growth
in Nepal
91..51

Population of a place changes every time. It is a dynamic process. So, it is
not constant, and it changes after the change of time. The actual number
of people is counted by the census. The census is taken after the interval of
a decade. In the context of Nepal, the first population census was taken in
1968 BS (1911 AD). In the historical periods, the population was decreased
in some decades. But, all most all the census shows the increment of the
population. The population growth of Nepal from the historical periods is
mentioned below:
The census report of the year 1968 BS shows the population of Nepal was
just 56 Lakhs 38 Thousand and 749. The population report of the census
taken in 1977 and 1987 BS shows the decrement of the population. But, the
population of Nepal reached 63 lakhs in 1998 BS. The population growth
rate in Nepal was very low during that time. It increased gradually and
reached 2.73 per cent per annum in 2009-11 BS. The population growth rate
of four decades from 2028 to 2058 BS was more than 2 per cent per year.
But, the population growth rate of the year 2068 BS has been decreased
and come down to 1.35 per annual. The population of Nepal increased by
four times within 100 years period. These data show the population of any
country may increase or decrease after the change of time. There are various
factors which are bringing change in the population of our country Nepal.

Years Population Male-female Growth rate Density
(in B.S.) (population
in Thousand ratio (in percentage) per square
1968
1977 km)
1987
1998 5639 - - 38
2009-11
2018 5574 - -0.12 38

5533 - -0.07 38

6284 - 1.27 43

8257 96.8 2.73 56

9413 97.0 1.31 64

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2028 11556 101.4 2.05 79
2038 15023 105.0 2.62 102
2048 18491 99.5 2.08 126
2058 23151 99.8 2.25 157
2068 26494 94.16 1.35 180

ACTIVITIES

(1) Copy the population data given above in a chart paper and present it
in the display board of your classroom.

EXERCISE

(1) Give very short answers to the following questions.
(a) When was the first population census taken in Nepal?
(b) In which censuses were the population of Nepal decreased?
(c) In which census was the population growth rate of Nepal the
highest?
(d) What is the latest population density of Nepal?
(e) Write the present population growth rates.

(2) Critically evaluate the population growth rates of Nepal.
(3) What might be the reasons behind the decrement of the population

of Nepal in the historical period? Write the probable reasons.
(4) Which geographical region of Nepal has a high density of population?

What are the reasons behind it?
(5) What might be the reasons for the high population growth of Nepal?

COMMUNITY WORK

Compare the population growth rates, and density of population of
your municipality/ rural municipality between the last two censuses
and write a paragraph by comparing them. (you can collect data either
from the ward office or internet)

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Introduction to Population and Demographic Situation

Lesson Population Composition of
Nepal
91..61

Population composition refers to the population by age, sex, religion,
occupation, language and so on. It shows the real picture of the society.
Population data is very much important to run the development activities
of the country. This type of data helps us to prepare the national plan and
policies for the government. We are discussing the various aspects of the
population composition below.

Population Composition by Age and Gender:

The population pyramid shows both the male and female of different age
groups. Population age groups refer to the population by the infants, child,
youth, adult and old age. On the other hand, the population is also classified
on the basis of economic activities. The population age groups of 15 to 64
are considered as the economically active population. But the population
age groups below 15 and above 65 are known as the dependent population.
The population pyramids in accordance with the census of 2068 BS is shown
below:
This pyramid shows the comparative status of female and male by their age.
The population of economically active age group is very high. We can utilise
economically active population age group for the development of the nation.

Census year Total Male Female Sex ratio
2058 2,31,51,423 1,15,63,921
2068 2,64,94,504 1,28,49,041 1,15,87,502 99.8
Change
33,43,081 12,85,120 1,36,45,463 94.16

20,57,961

This chart shows the population of the female is more than the male in
both the census 2058 and 2068 BS. There are 33,43,081 more people were
added after the interval of ten years. Among them 12,85,120 were male and
20,57,961 were female.

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Population Composition by Religion:

Nepal is a multi-religious country. People are following various religions.
Among all the population of Nepal, 81.3 per cent population followed
Hinduism. Buddhism is another important religion in our country, and it
is followed by 9 per cent population of our country. Islam and Kirat are
the other important religions in our country. They are followed by the 4.4
and 3.1percent people, respectively. Christianity is followed by 1.4 per
cent population. According to the census report 2068 BS, the population
composition by religion is as follows:

Religion Population Percent
Hindu 2,15,51,492 81.3
Buddha 23,96,099 9.0
Islam 11,62,370 4.4
Kirat 8,07,169 3.1
Christian 3,75,699 1.4
Prakrit 1,21,982 0.5
Others 79,693 0.3

Population by Language

Nepal is a multi-lingual and multi-ethnic county. According to the census
report 2068 BS, the population composition by language is as follows:

Mother Population Percent Mother Population Percent
Languages Languages
Nepali 1,18,26,953 44.6 Maithili 3,09,580 11.7
Bhojpuri 15,84,958 6.0 Tharu 15,29,875 5.8
Tamang 13,53,311 5.13 Newari
Magar 7,88,530 3.0 Doteli 8,46,457 3.2
Urdu 6,91,546 2.6 Bajjika 7,87,827 3.0
Others 31,99,049 12.0 7,93,418 3.0
Total 100
2,64,94,504

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The table shows that the largest number of people speaks the Nepali
language as their mother tongue. The census report shows that 44.6 per
cent people of Nepal speaks Nepali as their mother tongue. Maithili occupies
the second position by 11.7 per cent. Whereas, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang,
Newari, Magar, Doteli, Bajjika and Urdu language are the other important
languages spoken in the various parts of our country. But, all most all the
people speak the Nepali language along with their mother tongue.

Population Composition by Caste/Ethnicity

Nepal is rich in its culture and ethnicity. There are varieties of casts and
ethnicity in the same religious groups too. According to the census report,
2068 BS, the population composition by ethnicity is as follows:

Ethnic group Population (%) Ethnic group Population (%)

Chhetri 16.6 Yadav 4.0

Brahmin 12.2 Muslim 4.4

Magar 7.1 Rai 2.3

Tharu 6.6 Gurung 1.98

Newar 5.8 Damai 1.79

Tamang 5.0 Limbu 1.46

Kami 4.8 Sarki 1.41

Others 24.56 Total 100

The above chart shows16.6 per cent population is occupied by Chhetri. It is
the largest population by caste. The Brahmins occupy the second position
with 12.5%. Magar, Tharu and Tamang holding third, the fourth and fifth
position with reference to their number of populations respectively. Muslims
and Yadav occupies a larger number in the Terai Region.

ACTIVITIES

(1) Fill the given table related to the population composition by religion
in your classroom and present it in a bar graph.

Hinduism Buddhism Islam Kirat Christianity others

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EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the gaps using appropriate words.

(a) The population age groups of ......................... is considered as
economically active.

(b) More than 81 per cent people follow ......................... in Nepal.
(c) 11.7 per cent people speaks ......................... language in Nepal.
(d) 16.6 per cent population is occupied by ......................... in Nepal.

(2) Write the major languages spoken in Nepal.

(3) What are the major religions followed by the people of Nepal?

(4) Explain the population composition of Nepal by ethnicity/caste.

(5) Show the given population of different age groups into the bar
diagram.

Age group Population Percentage
0-14 Years 92,46,946 36.31
15-59 1,50,91,848 52.09
60 above 21.54,740 11.60
Total 2,64,94,504 100

COMMUNITY WORK

Do a small survey of your residential area among 20 households and
write their population composition by ethnicity.

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Introduction to Population and Demographic Situation

Lesson Region-wise Population
Distribution in Nepal
91..71

Nepal is divided into three main ecological regions. They are Mountain,
Hilly and Terai regions. These regions are divided with reference to their
topographical structures and their climate patterns. Land structures and
fertility of the land influences the population size. Therefore, the population
of the valleys and Terai is very high in comparison to the mountains and
hilly areas. The Kathmandu valley occupies less than 1 per cent of the total
land, but it has more than 10 per cent population of the country. Likewise,
the Terai region of our country has more than 50 per cent population, which
occupies only 23 per cent of the total land. The population of the urban
area is higher than the rural areas because of its available facilities. The
population of urban areas is higher than in the village.

S.N. Regions Population Population Population Population

(2058 BS) % (2068 BS) %

1. Mountain 16,87,859 7.3 17,81,792 6.73

2. Hills 1,02,51,111 44.3 1,13,94,007 43.01

3. Terai 1,12,12,453 48.4 1,33,18,705 50.27
Total 2,31,51,423 100 2,64,94,504 100

The population of the Mountain and Hilly region has decreased in the above
chart. But, the population of the Terai region has increased. It means people
from the mountain and the hilly region are migrating towards the Terai
region. This trend is very high from the last few decades. The density of
population is high in the Terai and the Valleys due to its land structures,
fertility and available facilities. People are migrating towards the cities
from the village for study, job and grabbing other facilities. The population
of Terai region reaches 50.27% in 2068 BS from 48.4% in 2058 BS. Likewise,
the population in mountain region decreases from the 7.3% to 6.75 % in
2068 BS. The population of the hilly region comes at 43.01% in 2068 from
44.30% in 2068 BS.

Likewise, the population distributions of the different administrative
regions are not similar. Some provinces have more population, whereas
other provincs have less population. The density of population is also varying

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from the province to province. The population distribution of the provinces
in 2068 BS are given below:

SN. Provinces Population Population %
1. Province No.1 45,34,943 17.10%
2. Province No.2 54,04,145 20.40%
3. Bagmati Province 55,29,452 20.90%
4. Gandaki Province 24,13,907 9.10%
5. Lumbini Province 48,91,025 18.50%
6. Karnali Province 11,68,515 4.40%
7. Sudurpaschim Province 25,52,517 9.60%

Above data shows that the population of the Bagmati province is higher
than other provinces. Karnali Pradesh has less population though it is the
largest province by its area. The density of population of province No. 2 is
higher than the other provinces. The population density of Karnali Pradesh
is very low in comparison to the other provinces.

ACTIVITIES

(1) Show the population data of the seven provinces of Nepal in a bar-
graph and present it in your classroom in a chart paper.

EXERCISE

(1) Write ‘True’ for right statements and ‘False’ for wrong statements.

(a) Karnali Province is the largest province of Nepal in its area. ..............

(b) The density of population is high in province number one. ..............

(c) More than fifty per cent people are living in the Hilly region. ..............

(d) The density of population is very low in the Karnali Province. ..............

(e) 18.50 % people are living in the Province number 1. ..............

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(2) Explain the population distribution of Nepal by its ecological regions.

(3) Write a short description of the provincial distribution of the
population in Nepal.

(4) Identify the major areas of Nepal having more density of population
and write their names.

(5) Draw a bar-diagram showing region-wide population distribution of
Nepal.

COMMUNITY WORK

Which geographical region do you live in? Write the name of the
province that you live in, and explain the population distribution of
your region and province.

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UNIT POPULATION GROWTH
10 AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Learning On the completion of this unit, the students will be able to:
Outcomes
• explain the condition of population growth in Nepal;

• identify the reasons for and effects of rapid population growth;

• introduce population management and find the ways of population
management;

• explain the quality of life;

• elaborate on the role of different organisations involved in population
management.

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Introduction to Population and Demographic Situation

Lesson

110..11 Population Growth in Nepal

The shapes and sizes of the global population are changing day by day. The
global population varies in different places and time. Sometimes, it decreases
or increases. Such, changes in population may bring lots of challenges and
opportunities. The birth, death and migration are the major factors to bring
change in population. Generally, the birth supports to increase in population
and death cause the decrement of population. Migration is another factor
which brings both types of changes in the population. The population of
the origin decreases, and it increases in the destinations. Consequently,
increment in the population is known as population growth.

Whenever the growing rate of population is high, then, it is known as rapid
population growth.

In the ancient society of Nepal, there was no official counting system. The
population counting system began from 1968 BS in Nepal. The population
seems to decrease in the next 30 years of its counting. Following are the
major causes of the decrement of the population.
1. The spread of epidemics and influenza
2. Many Nepali participated in World War I and II.
3. Migration of the people in a foreign land like India, Bhutan, Burma

(Myanmar) and Thailand was very high during that time.
4. Unscientific methods of population census
5. Recruitment of many Nepali in British Gurkha army

But then again it seems increased after the census of 1998 BS. The population
increased due to the return of Gurkha ex-servicemen after World War II,
eradication of epidemic and diseases, improved health service, control of
migration, and vital registration system led the population growth. The
population growth rate in Nepal is shown below:

Year Growth rate Year Growth rate
1998 B.S. 1.16 2009-11 B.S. 2.33
2018 B.S. 1.64 2028 B.S. 2.03

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Population Education - Book 7

2038 B.S. 2.62 2048 B.S. 2.08

2058 B.S. 2.25 2068 B.S. 1.35

Generally, the population increases by birth and in-migration. It is decreased
by deaths and out-migration. The low death rate is another influencing
factor for population growth. The last census taken in 2068 BS did not
show the rapid population growth. The growth rate of 2068 BS was lesser
in comparison to the census of 2058 BS. The reasons behind the low growth
rate are:
1. The increasing number of Nepali going aboard
2. High awareness in people about the effects of population growth
3. Positive effects of population education
4. Improved health services to people.

The population is very much essential for the utilisation of natural resources.
If it is very high, it may bring lots of problems in society. There is a shortage
of food, clothes, shelter, health and education. Many countries of the world
are facing problems of population growth. Nepal is also facing the problem
of population growth.

ACTIVITY

(1) Prepare a chart paper showing the population growth rate of Nepal
and present it in your classroom.

EXERCISE

(1) Write ‘True’ for right statements and ‘False’ for wrong statements.

(a) Birth causes increment in the population. .................

(b) Migration always causes increment in population. .................

(c) Low death rate supports to decrement in the population. .................

(d) The population census began in Nepal from 1968 AD. .................

(e) The population growth rate of the census 2068 BS was higher than

2058 BS. .................

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2. What do you mean by population growth rate? Write a paragraph
about the population growth rates after 2028 BS.

3. What are the causes behind the decrement of the population of Nepal
after the census from 1968 BS to 1998 BS? List out the reasons.

4. What is the present trend of out-migration of Nepal? Discuss with
your friend and write.

5. How do the population increment and decrement impact in the
society, country and the world community? Write your opinions.

COMMUNITY WORK

1. Prepare a list of the latest population of each ward your municipality/
rural municipality and present it in your classroom.

(You can collect the data from the municipal office or you may collect
it from the internet source)

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Population Education - Book 7

Lesson Causes and Effects of Rapid
Population Growth
110..12

The population of the world is rapidly growing in recent decades. This type
of fast growths in the population may bring lots of problem in the globe and
our countries too. Some of the districts of our country have high population
growth rates. Although many hilly and mountainous districts of Nepal have
low growth rates. But, the population growth rate of our country is high
as a whole. Likewise, many European countries have low growth rates.
Many south and south Asian countries have high population growth rates.
Following are the major causes of population growth:

1. High Migration Rate:

High migration rate supports in creating rapid population growth in
a particular place. In the context of our country, the population growth of
the districts of the Terai region is very high. Similarly, it is high in the
Kathmandu and other Valleys such as Pokhara, Dang, Surkhet, Chitwan
and Makwanpur and so on.

2. Lack of Awareness:

The population is increasing in the various parts of the nation due to
the lack of awareness. People are bearing more children. The population
growth rate of the rural areas is very high due to the lack of awareness. So,
public awareness should be created among people living in the rural area. It
helps to reduce the population growth rate of the nation.

3. Superstition and Blind Faith:

Some people from our country believe in very bad customs and
traditions. Such blind faiths and superstitions lead the population growth.
They don’t use the means of family planning or any other contraceptives. Such
behaviours lead to the population growth. Some people give more priority to
the son than daughter due to the lack of awareness and superstitious belief.
It leads to the increment in population.

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4. Poor Economic Condition:

People having poor economic status bear more children to get financial
supports from their children in their job. They think that if they have a
greater number of children, their children help them in agricultural
activities. The parents believe that their children might support them in
the old age. Though, there was no old age security support from the side
government in the past.

5. Uneven Distribution of Facilities

People are enthusiastic about getting more facilities to comfort their
life. There is no equal development in all the districts. The facilities are
only limited in some parts of the country. The development output hasn’t
been distributed in proportional ratio to the people. As a consequence, its
impact on population growth in the areas having more facilities like health,
education and employment.

Rapid population growth may bring lots of problems in our locality and
country. So, the population growth should be control to overcome the
problems. Following are the effects of the population growth:
1. Population growth may cause a shortage of food.
2. It may cause environmental degradation.
3. Shortage of natural resources.
4. May increase the epidemic and disease.
5. It may create unemployment.
6. Poverty may increase.

We should control the population growths of the nation by obtaining the
following measures:
1. The government should bring proper policy to overcome the problem,
2. Public awareness should be launched.
3. Equal distribution of the resources is must.
4. Industrialisation is necessary to solve the problem of unemployment.
5. We should use green energy to minimise the effects of environmental

degradation.
6. The government should bring proper land use policy.
7. Social security should be provided to the people in their old age.

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ACTIVITY

(1) Prepare a chart showing the population growths of our nation by the
help of internet source and prepare the report in a chart paper to
present it in your class.

EXERCISE

1. Write very short answers to the following questions.
(a) Write a cause of population growth.
(b) Give one example of superstitious belief practice in your locality
that affects the population growth.
(c) How does poverty cause population growth? Write in a sentence.
(d) Name any two districts of Nepal which have low population growth.

2. Prepare a list of the reasons behind rapid population growth and
explain any one of them in brief.

3. How does illiteracy and ignorance support to increase in population?
Describe in short.

4. Our social norms and values are responsible for driving population
growth? Justify the statement.

5. How can we solve the problems created by population growth? Write
your own description.

COMMUNITY WORK

1. Identify the causes of the population growths/declines in your
locality or Tole and present it in your class.

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Lesson Population Management and
Quality of Life
110..13

Population management and quality of life are interrelated to each other.
Population growth creates imbalance among the human beings, natural
resources and environment. Increment of population affects human life and
society. If there is imbalance between a natural and human resource, it may
create problems in our society. Limited resources could not fulfil the needs
of the growing population. So, the population needs to be control or manage.
If we could not control the population, there might be a scarcity of the basic
needs of the people. People cannot not get foods, clothes, shelter, health and
education in future if we do not manage it.

Population Management

Proportional distribution of population consistent with natural resources
is known as the population management. There are limited resources on
the Earth, but the population of the world is dynamic and increasing. It is
growing every minute. It may create lots of problems in the days to come. So, it
should be managed on time. Available means and resources are not sufficient
for the growing population. It may invite lots of scarcity and shortages. It
may bring violence, war, disputes, poverty and starvation. So, it should be
timely managed to overcome the problems raised by population growth. In
the context of some countries of the world, population management does
not mean to control population growth. There is a less human population
in comparison to its resources. More population is required to utilise the
available means and resources in such countries. That is why population
management means to keep a balance between the human population and
natural resources.

Quality of life

Generally, quality of life refers to the availability of good facilities in human
life. It can be defined by the various ways in different place and time. The
basic facilities, source of income and social security are the key components
of the quality of life. The quantity and quality of the facilities and services
are the major criteria for the quality of life. Besides food, cloth and shelter,
nutrition, education, health care, electricity, communication, industry,
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market and drinking water facilities are the other components of the quality
of life. Income source, security and means of entertainment are the other
important components of the quality of life. Appropriate population growth
rate is another significant means of the quality of life.

ACTIVITIES

(1) Ilam Municipality has declared to provide Rs.5, 000 for the parents of
newly born babies. This provision has been made to encourage the
population growth to overcome the problem of population decrement.
What do you want to say about this act of the municipality? Write in a
paragraph.

EXERCISE

(1) Give very short answer the following questions.
(a) What is population management?
(b) What is the quality of life?
(c) How is the quality of life determined?
(d) What kind of population growth is required for the quality of life?

(2) “Population management is essential for development.” Justify the
statement.

(3) What are the basic criteria for the quality of life? Mention any six of
them.

(4) Population management does not mean only to control the population.
Do you agree with this statement? Write your opinions.

COMMUNITY WORK

Have you experienced any action brought by your local government
for the population management? Write in a paragraph.

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Lesson Measures to Population
Management
110..14

In the context of our country, the population growth rate is high. It is required
to control the population for the population management in our country
because it is creating lots of problems. Though human power is scarce in
some countries of the world, such countries encourage immigration to fulfil
immediate needs. But it should be controlled by its proper management
policy. We should obtain the following measures for population management.

Birth Spacing

The birth spacing is the birth gaps between two babies of a mother. There
was natural birth in Nepali society in the past. The birth spacing was very
less during those days. Parents were not able to give more time to their
children. Many kinds of health hazards were introduced in Nepali society.
But, nowadays, the awareness level of the people has been increased, and
they realise to make appropriate birth spacing. Generally, 4 to 5 years’ gap
is considered sincere birth spacing in our country. But, at least three years’
gap is required for the proper care of the babies.

Appropriate Age at Marriage

Marriage is a social relationship between male and female. Child marriage
was in practice in the ancient Nepali society. But it is illegal at present. In
the context of our country, both the boys and girls are matured to practice
their civil rights at the age of 18 years. But, the civil act (Muluki Ain) clearly
mentioned the appropriate age for marriage is 20 years for both the male
and female. In practice, more than 50 % of female are doing marriage below
20 years. At the present society, marriage after being physically, mentally,
socially and economically sound is known as marriage at an appropriate
age. The age between 20 to 30 years is considered as the appropriate age to
bear children for the women for healthy reproduction.

If women got married at the appropriate age, they would be beneficial
because of the following reasons.

1. They can bear physically and mentally healthy babies.

2V.edanTthae health of the mother remains good.
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3. They do not have to face a health-related problem in future.
4. Fewer chances of miscarriage.
5. Low risk during the delivery time.
So, marriage at an appropriate age is essential to maintain good health for
the mother and child. It gives maturity to the married couple to take any
decisions regarding their family life. The couple entered the age of earnings
do not have to face any kind of financial crisis. That is why we should marry
at an appropriate age.

Women Education

It is said that, if a man is educated, only one person become educated, but
if a woman is educated, the whole family becomes educated. It means the
sole responsibility of the family is taking by the women in our society. If
a woman is educated, she can give proper care to the children and other
members of the family. If women are educated, they are conscious of their
reproductive health and could give proper care to their children. If they are
educated, they can involve in different social and political activities.
Their decision-making capacity also improves. More than fifty per cent
population is occupied by the women, but their literacy rate is very low
in comparison to the men. Some of the social evils like polygamy, child
marriage and mismatched marriage are playing a major role to make women
backwards. That is why such social evils should be ended from society and
women education should be promoted for the population management.

Gender Equality

Gender equality is the act of giving equal rights between male and female.
But we should not forget to give equal rights to the third genders too. All
the genders are equal for the development of society. That is why we should
develop positive attitudes towards them. In the past time, some backward
people give more priority to the son than a daughter, which leads a high
population to fulfil the desires of the son. But, at the present society, there
should be mutual co-operation among the husband and wife to make the
family life happy and prosperous. There is no discrimination between son
and daughter.

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ACTIVITIES

(1) Collect any one news from the newspaper related to the violation of
the women rights or any problem created from the lack of education
and present it in your class.

EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the blanks by using the appropriate words.
(a) We should ....................... the population for its proper management.
(b) There is ....................... risk for bearing a child at an early age.
(c) There should be equal ....................... for both the male and female.
(d) Some of the social evils like polygamy, child marriage and ...................
are playing the major role to make women backwards.
(e) Ilam Municipality has declared to provide Rs. ....................... for the
parents of newly born babies.

(2) What measures should we take for the population management?
Explain any one of them in brief.

(3) How does women education contribute to population management?
Write your opinion.

(4) What are the benefits of marriage at an inappropriate age? Write in
points.

(5) “Gender equality supports population management.” Justify this
statement.

COMMUNITY WORK

Meet one senior citizen of your society or any eldest member of your
family and ask about the experience of women education, birth spacing
and gender equality from their life and write in three paragraphs.

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Lesson

110..15 Ways of Quality of Life

There are various aspects of the quality of life. If the earning is high, the
education condition of a family is also good. If people are healthy, society is
also developed. If the basic infrastructures of development are well developed,
then such types of society have the quality of life. Generally, there is a good
quality of life in some of the developed nations of the world. But then again
there is a low quality of life in the least developed and developing countries.
Life expectancy, employment opportunities, healthy environment, peace
and security are the other important components of the quality of life. Some
important factors of quality of life are as follows.

1. Health

It is said “If wealth is lost nothing is lost, but if the health is lost
everything are lost.” It means health is very precious to us. If we are not
healthy, we cannot make any progress for ourselves and for society. So, each
individual should be healthy to make her or his life prosperous. Healthy
people can provide projected service for the development of the society and
nation. That is why all the family members should be healthy to contribute
to the family, society and the country. So, the following measures should be
taken for the good health of family members:

They should be aware of their health.
Personal hygiene and surrounding should be neat and clean.
They should use safe and pure drinking water.
Regular health check-up and treatment facility should be provided
Immunisation and nutrition should be provided.
They should have small family size.

2. Education

Education is an important source of knowledge. It gives innovative
ideas for financial progress. It helps to uplift the awareness level of the
people. Education supports to become an entrepreneur. People who are
educated can increase their source of income. It helps to strengthen the

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quality of life of the people. Educated people can easily get jobs in market of
employment. They can fulfil their needs easily.

3. Employment

High income leads to a high quality of life. People can easily fulfil their
needs. Employed people can give quality education to their children. They
can provide nutrition for them. They can provide quality health facilities for
them.

4. Small Size of Family

Another important component of the quality of life is family members.
If a family has large family members, they cannot provide quality education
and other services to their family members. That is why the small size of a
family is required for the quality of life.

5. Reproductive Health and Sex Education

If people have knowledge on reproductive health and sex education.
They can easily manage the problems created by a lack of knowledge. It
helps us to protect from sexual diseases and make happy and prosperous
life by reducing the mental tension. That is why reproductive health and sex
education helps to strengthen the quality of life.

Following points are important for the quality of life
Well-developed infrastructures
Good health services
High-quality education
Nutrition or balanced diet
Sanitation
Employment
Balanced environmental
Reproductive and sex education

ACTIVITY

(1) Prepare a list of the basic requirements to maintain quality of life in a

chart paper and paste it in your classroom.

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EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the gaps using appropriate words.
(a) There is a good quality of life in some of the ............................. of
the world.
(b) Healthy people can provide ............................. for the development
of society and nation.
(c) Education supports to become ............................. .
(d) Large families cannot provide ............................. .
(e) ............................. health and sex education help to strengthen the
quality of life.

(2) What are the basic requirements of the quality of life? Prepare a list
and explain any one of them.

(3) How could employment help to uplift the quality of life? Write in
short.

(4) Mention the role of reproductive and sex education for the quality of
life.

(5) “Education and employment are the key components to maintain
quality of life”. Justify the statement.

COMMUNITY WORK

Visit one family of your locality who has got the progress to maintain
quality of life from the education and employment and write a paragraph
about their progress.

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Lesson

110..16 Family Life Education

Generally, people start their family life after marriage. They should have
an idea of different aspects of their family life. Family life education
starts with the appropriate age of marriage. Everybody should decide the
number of children and spacing of birth. Article number 16 of the Universal
Declaration of the United Nations provided the rights to get married to the
physically matured men and women. They have the rights to have a healthy
reproductive and sexual life. Family life education covers these areas. Safe
motherhood, infant and child health care and family planning are included
in the family life education. The family members should utilise their income
source and other resources for the development and management of their
family life.
Each individual lives in a family enjoying their family life. Even children will
grow into parents in future. So, they should think wisely for marriage at the
appropriate age. Every child should get a favourable environment to grow.
They should grow in physically, mentally, socially and economically sound
condition. Proper family care, co-operation and counselling are needed to
them to grow in the proper manners. The good family environment helps to
develop their positive attitude and behaviours. If the children got a proper
environment during their growths, it helps to make their family happy and
prosperous.
The world population is growing every day. The lifestyle of the people has
changed. People have to learn lots of skills to survive. They cannot get progress
without their own development. So, they required to achieve financial
progress. It is required for the development of children, their health and
education. Many children, along with their mother, are not getting proper
health care due to the lack of family life education. Therefore, we have to
get the knowledge of family life education. The family life education helps
to reduce child mortality rates, keep appropriate birth spacing, obtaining
family planning. It promotes the living standards of the people.

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ACTIVITIES

(1) Write any ten good habits taught by your parents or guardians.
(2) Write any five good habits in your exercise book and compare it with

your nearest friend.

EXERCISE

(1) Write ‘True’ for right statements and ‘False’ for wrong statements.

(a) People should get married before 20 years of age. ..............

(b) Family life education teaches us to determine family size. ..............

(c) The Universal Declaration of the Human Rights gives us rights to

get marry. ..............

(d) Safe motherhood does not come under family life education.

..............

(e) Children are the parents of the future. ..............

(2) Write a short paragraph about family life education.

(3) What are the areas of family life education? Prepare a list of the
areas.

(4) Describe the importance of family life education with appropriate
example.

COMMUNITY WORK

Visit a family of your community and observe the activities for that
family and write a paragraph about the family life education of that
particular family.

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Lesson Roles of Various Agencies for
the Population Management
110..17

Many national and international agencies are playing a significant role
in population management. They are running different kinds of programs
to uplift the living standard of the people. Ministry of Environment and
population and Ministry of Education is playing a vital role in the population
management. UNFPA is the agency of the United Nations contributing to
the management of the world population. FAO, WHO, UNICEF, UNESCO,
Scout and Red Cross are the other supporting organisation of the United
Nations for the Population Management. Many Hospitals and Health centres
are the other agencies which are playing a vital role for the population
management. Following agencies are playing a vital role in population
management:

Ministry of Population and Health

Ministry of Population and Health formulates the plan and policies related
to the health and population. It also conducts various programs to overcome
the problems related to the population. It works by doing coordination
among the agencies to make the program more effective. It also monitors and
evaluates their works and efficiencies. It also brings some special program
to control the population and to improve the health conditions of the people.

Population Education Programme

1. Formal

Ministry of Education has made the
provisions of population education in the
school, college and the University level.
They are the formal programs, which are
made for the development of the awareness
level among the citizens. Besides, many
international agencies are providing
financial and technical assistance for
population management. UNFPA and

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UNESCO are the important agencies which
are supporting our country since 1980 AD
Ministry of Education coordinates with
these agencies and their programs. It also
monitors and evaluates their performance
and feasibility.

2. Non-formal Education

Government of our country is conducting various awareness programs
through different media. Many people are getting benefits from the
programs delivered from the radio and television. Even many people are
getting awareness by reading newspapers. Different kinds of people like old,
adults and women are benefited through non-formal education programs.
Some popular programs like “Small family is a happy family” are popular
in the different means of communication. Population education is essential
for the management of the population. It teaches people about the effects
of population growth in their living standard. It gives ideas to them to deal
with the problems caused by population growth. It brings a change in their
attitude and behaviours.

ACTIVITY

(1) Conduct a speech competition in your class about the “Importance of
Population education”.

EXERCISE

(1) Write True for right statements and False for wrong statements.
(a) Low literacy rates support to increase the population.
....................................
(b) The population census is taken every year. ....................................
(c) UNFPA works for population management. ....................................

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(d) Ministry of Education coordinates with different agencies and their

programs. ....................................

(e) The census report, 2068 BS shows population decrement in Nepal.

....................................

(2) Which ministry of the Government of Nepal formulates plans
and policies? Write a short description of its role for population
management.

(3) Write about the role of population education for population
management in Nepal.

(4) Prepare a list of the agencies working for the population management.

(5) Differentiate between the formal and non-formal population
education programme.

COMMUNITY WORK

Is the present population education system being sufficient to deal
with the problems of your community? What do you think about it?
Write your opinion.

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Physical Map of Europe

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Political Map of Europe

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Outline Map of Europe

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Physical Map of Australia

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Political Map of Australia

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Outline Map of Australia

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