Examination_Slipsem3

Blood Group 51

 Individuals have different types of
antigen on their surfaces of their red
blood cells.

 These antigen are inherited, determine
the individual’s blood group.

 The ABO blood group system is the
most important blood type system
(or blood group system) in human
blood transfusion.

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The ABO System

 About 55% of population has either;
 A-type antigen (Blood Group A)
 B-type antigen (Blood Group B)
 Both antigen (Blood Group AB)

 45% have neither A or B type antigens (Blood Group O)
 The corresponding antibodies are called anti-A and

anti-B

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 ANTIGEN 53

A substance that has immunogenicity
(the ability to provoke an immune
response) and reactivity (the ability to
react with the antibodies or cells that
result from the immune response)

 ANTIBODY

a protein produced by plasma cells in
response to a specific antigen; the
antibody combines with that antigen to
neutralize, inhibit, or destroy it.

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Blood compatibility

Blood Antigens Antibodies Can give Can receive
group blood to blood from

AB A&B - AB AB,A,B, O

AA B A, AB A, O

BB A B, AB B, O

O - A & B O, AB, A, B O

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Blood Group (cont.)

 Blood group AB – known as Universal Recipients
- safe to transfuse the blood either A, B, AB
or O type blood, because there are no
antibodies to react with them.

 Blood group O – known as Universal donor, because they
have neither A nor B antigens on their red
cell membranes – safe to transfused into A,
B, AB or O types.

 For this reason, cross-matching is required to ensure that there is
no reaction between donor and recipient bloods.

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The Rhesus System

 Blood group rhesus refers to rhesus antigen
that presence in the red blood cell.

 It classify as;

 Rh positive – have RhD antigen
 Rh negative – do not have antigen

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