2.1 - Engineers Roles in Industrial Revolution 4.0

DJJ40132:
ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY

ENGINEERING CHALLENGE IN
GLOBALIZATION

02 SUBTOPIC 2.1: ENGINEERS ROLES IN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
2.1.1 - Industrial Revolution 4.0 history
2.1.2 - Pillars of IR 4.0
Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 1
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

2.1.1 - INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 HISTORY

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 2
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HISTORY

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 3
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

• 1st Industrial Revolution

The First Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century through the use of steam power and
mechanisation of production. What before produced threads on simple spinning wheels, the
mechanised version achieved eight times the volume in the same time. Steam power was already
known. The use of it for industrial purposes was the greatest breakthrough for increasing
human productivity. Instead of weaving looms powered by muscle, steam-engines could be used
for power. Developments such as the steamship or (some 100 years later) the steam-powered
locomotive brought about further massive changes because humans and goods could move
great distances in fewer hours.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 4
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

• 2nd Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution began in the 19th century through the discovery of electricity and
assembly line production. Henry Ford (1863-1947) took the idea of mass production from a
slaughterhouse in Chicago: The pigs hung from conveyor belts and each butcher performed only a
part of the task of butchering the animal. Henry Ford carried over these principles into automobile
production and drastically altered it in the process. While before one station assembled an entire
automobile, now the vehicles were produced in partial steps on the conveyor belt - significantly faster
and at lower cost.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 5
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

• 3rd Industrial Revolution

The Third Industrial Revolution began in the ’70s in the 20th century through partial
automation using memory-programmable controls and computers. Since the introduction of
these technologies, we are now able to automate an entire production process - without human
assistance. Known examples of this are robots that perform programmed sequences without
human intervention.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 6
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

• 4th Industrial Revolution

We are currently implementing the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This is characterised by the
application of information and communication technologies to industry and is also known as
"Industry 4.0". It builds on the developments of the Third Industrial Revolution. Production systems
that already have computer technology are expanded by a network connection and have a
digital twin on the Internet so to speak. These allow communication with other facilities and the
output of information about themselves. This is the next step in production automation. The
networking of all systems leads to "cyber-physical production systems" and therefore smart factories,
in which production systems, components and people communicate via a network and
production is nearly autonomous.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 7
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

2.1.2 - PILLAR OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

1 LIST OF 9 PILLARS 8
2 9 PILLARS EXPLAINATION

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin,
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

LIST OF 9 PILLARS 9

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin,
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 10
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

9 PILLARS EXPLAINATION 11

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin,
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

The Internet of Things

The Internet of Things refers to the networking and connectivity of
smart devices. When you think of IoT, devices such as smartphones,
tablets, and laptops are usually top of mind. However, also think of
wearables, cars, and any machine or device that allows the
transmission of data, even our refrigerators.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 12
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

In the world of manufacturing, this technology is often referred to
as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Manufacturers are
attaching sensors to machines and other physical assets
on the plant floor to collect data which influences decisions
real time and leads to increased efficiency and productivity

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 13
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Augmented Reality

Augmented reality (AR) displays digital content in the real
world through a device, such as a mobile phone or special
eyeglasses. There are a number of different uses for this
technology in the manufacturing industry, such as safety training,
streamlined logistics and maintenance

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 14
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Safety Training: New hires are often unfamiliar with the protocols,
equipment, and procedures on the plant floor. In order to prevent safety
instances, it’s vital to provide inexperienced personnel with training as
soon, and as often, as possible. With the use of AR, they can receive
text overlays and other digital information to help them understand
what is happening on the floor without requiring additional resources or
production stops.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 15
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Streamlined Logistics: In fulfilment centres and warehouses,
manual checks are required for most orders and shipments.
With AR, this process becomes automated reducing errors, saving
time, money and resources.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 16
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Maintenance: Maintenance crews save time and eliminate
guesswork by using AR devices to provide information about
equipment, such as, preventative maintenance schedules, potential
issues, and the service history of the machine.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 17
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Simulation

Simulations leverage real-time data to reflect the physical world of
product development and production processes in a virtual
environment. These models can be used to run more efficient tests so
settings and processes are optimized before production even starts,
reducing downtime and improving quality.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 18
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Additive Manufacturing / 3D

While manufacturers are looking to expand the use of additive manufacturing
in their processes, technologies like 3D printing are already playing an
important role in three key areas, that is design, prototyping and low volume
production

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 19
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Design: Design teams can experiment with creating more complex 20
geometric shapes and structures due to the flexibility of 3D printing
technology.

Low Volume Production: When only a small amount of a product is
needed, 3D printing is the fastest and most economical production
method.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin,
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Prototyping: 3D printing is often used for prototyping,
accelerating design cycles and reducing costs. Companies are free
to fail fast in a controlled environment and explore multiple models
before deciding on final designs.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 21
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

System Integration

Industry 4.0 is all about improving connectivity and not just between
machines. Many manufacturing information systems are currently
not fully integrated. With improved system integration, companies can
become more interconnected both externally and internally. This will
result in an agile manufacturing environment allowing real time
production corrections and quick pivots.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 22
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Cloud Computing

As the use of technology and data sharing at manufacturing companies
grows, cloud computing provides scale able storage and increased
computing power. The cloud also improves data accessibility and integrity,
helping to eliminate data silos.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 23
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Autonomous Systems / Robot

While the manufacturing industry has made great strides when it comes to
automation over the last few years, there is still a lot of untapped opportunity.
Collaborative robots are designed to fill the gaps between traditional
robots and human workers and open up new areas for automation.
These robots are designed to work in ways similar to humans, with the
added ability to monitor and transmit data.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 24
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Cybersecurity

As connectivity increases, the risk of a potential cyberattack grows alongside
it. Any security breach could damage multiple areas of the business, from
supply chain to operations. It’s absolutely critical that companies prepare
and protect their information systems and production lines from
cyberthreats.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 25
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Big Data Analytics

Industry 4.0 experts have encouraged manufacturing companies to invest
not only in the technical infrastructure but also talent. Every company is now
a digital company and in order to not only survive but thrive, the need for
people with advanced data analysis skills is critical. Analysis needs to
scale across all parts of the business from HR, sales, marketing to the
manufacturing floor. Data is disruptive, no one can accurately forecast
where the next “big idea” will emerge and how it will change our lives.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 26
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

It’s important for manufacturers to have tools, such as dashboards, to help
them clean, organize, and visualize the massive amount of data
available. In the end, this will free up time to analyse data, communicate
insights, and optimize inefficient processes.

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 27
Grad.Eng. (BEM)

Prepared By: Muhammad Nur Azuan bin Kamaruddin, 28
Grad.Eng. (BEM)