EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 47 c) a drawing showing all the warning signs and the positions they are affixed to the crane; d) a warning about working in the proximity of electric overhead power lines; e) the service conditions for intended use and service conditions for which the crane shall not be used. 7.2.3.2 #Information about the rated capacity, when not reduced due to insufficient stability, for all boom configurations and positions shall be included. Such information shall follow EN 12644-2.$ 7.2.3.3 The manual shall include information about maximum inclination under which the crane may be used. 7.2.3.4 The manual shall include all pre-start and post operational checks necessary before setting up for work, operating and stowing the machine after use. Post operational checks shall include heights and widths for the vehicle in travelling mode. The manual shall also emphasize that it is essential for the operator to ensure that the locking devices are fully engaged before driving off. 7.2.3.5 The manual shall include instructions regarding the need to ascertain that ground or support conditions are adequate for the maximum loadings imposed by the loader crane. The manual shall state the maximum load that the stabilizer can impose on the ground and the need for the operator to ensure that the ground can support the load. 7.2.3.6 The manual shall include the following notice: “Precautions shall be taken when disconnecting hydraulic tubing and hoses to ensure that no hydraulic pressure is retained in the line when the power supply to the system is switched off.” 7.2.3.7 The manual shall include safety requirements for use when planning a lifting operation. These shall include, as a minimum, the following; a) evaluation of the load and its characteristics; b) selection of lifting gear, correct use of hook, slings; c) instructions to explain the correct setting of the boom system mode selector switch; d) the position of the loader crane, the load and clearances before during and after the lifting operation; e) the site conditions including the space and clearances for the operation; f) #environmental conditions existing, such as temperature and wind speed, and other considerations when the operation may have to be stopped if conditions become unfavourable.$ 7.2.3.8 Information on the temperature range for operation of the loader crane shall be included. 7.2.3.9 The operator’s manual and the technical documentation shall give information on noise emitted by the loader crane installation as follows: — the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at control stations, where this exceeds 70 dB(A); where this level does not exceed 70 dB(A), this fact shall be indicated; — the peak C-weighted instantaneous sound pressure value at control stations, where this exceeds 63 Pa (130 dB in relation to 20 μPa); — the A-weighted sound power level emitted by the loader crane installation, where the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at control stations exceeds 80 dB(A). I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 48 These values shall be either those actually measured for the loader crane in question or those established on the basis of measurements taken for technically comparable crane installations. See also EN 12644-1:2001+A1:2008, 5.2.3 l). The noise emission values shall be declared together with the production variation and measurement uncertainty using the dual-number declaration in accordance with EN ISO 4871. 7.2.3.10 The manufacturer shall state stress history class or the value for the stress history parameter in accordance with EN 13001-1. NOTE For information on classification see Annex B. 7.2.4 Maintenance manual 7.2.4.1 The manual shall contain information and instructions to ensure that the crane can be maintained safely and foreseen hazards which may occur shall be noted. Information and drawings for the identification of parts which may need replacement during maintenance shall be shown. The manual shall include information for the in-service inspections and tests that are required by a competent person to ensure that the crane is safe to use. The instructions shall describe the necessary periodic checks and tests procedures for the crane and the limiting and indicating devices. Specific time period and/or monitoring procedures may be listed. The manual shall include information on lubrication of the crane. The information shall describe location of lubrication points, lubricants and lubrication intervals. The manual shall contain instructions on how to examine and test a crane after alterations or repairs and before putting it back into use. The maximum allowable in-service sink rate for the boom system shall be specified. 7.2.4.2 Advice shall be provided how to disconnect tubing and lines when pressure may be retained in the hydraulic lines when the power supply has been switched off. 7.2.4.3 The manual shall include information on materials and parts requiring specialized repairing techniques (e.g. welding at low temperature). 7.3 Marking 7.3.1 General All plates affixed permanently to the crane shall be manufactured from weatherproof material. 7.3.2 Manufacturer's plate A manufacturer’s plate shall be fixed permanently on the loader crane, containing the following information: a) manufacturer and, where applicable, his authorized representative; b) year of manufacture; c) serial number; d) type, if there is a type designation. NOTE For the manufacturer's plate see EN 12644–2. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 49 7.3.3 Installer's plate An installer’s plate shall be fixed to the crane or the supporting item containing the following information: a) installer's name and address; b) year of installation; c) crane serial number, chassis or registration number of vehicle (if applicable). 7.3.4 Load signs 7.3.4.1 General The following information shall as a minimum be provided: a) A rated capacity load plate (see example in #Figure 5$), with the capacity stated at various load attachment positions along a horizontal line drawn from the inner-most fulcrum of the boom system, shall be attached to the crane in such a way that it is clearly visible from all fixed control stations. It shall also be shown in the operator's manual. The load indicated for the innermost position shall be the maximum working load. All rated capacities shall be given at specified outreaches. In cases where the rated capacity is dependent upon a particular hook and/or hook attachment point, this shall be indicated on the load plate and the hook attachments points with limited capacity marked with “Max XXX kg”. The maximum working load shall be given with all extensions retracted. The picture of the boom system is to be shown at maximum or nearly maximum outreach. All conditions relating to the unreduced rated capacity given in the load plate, (e.g. stabilizer positions, slew range) shall be stated on the crane. b) A rated capacity load chart for all boom configurations including !3rd boom" and hoist (see examples in #Figures 6, 7 and 8$) shall be shown in the operators manual. It may also be attached to a suitable position on the crane in addition to the load plate in accordance with a). If the rated capacity is reduced in parts of the slewing range these reduced capacities shall be indicated on the load chart. Examples of load charts are shown in #Figures 6 and 7$. For complex boom systems more than one load chart may be necessary. These shall be shown in the operator's manual. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 50 # $ #Figure 5$ — Example of rated capacity load plate with the capacity stated at various load attachment positions along a horizontal line drawn from the innermost fulcrum of the boom system I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 51 #Figure 6$— Example of rated capacity load chart for all boom configurations I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 52 #Figure 7$— Example of rated capacity load chart for crane with hoist. The load is reduced to 50 % above 60° elevation I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 53 #Figure 8$ — Examples of rated capacity load charts for crane with third boom 7.3.4.2 Marking of manual boom extensions Manual boom extensions shall be marked: “Max XXX kg”. 7.3.5 Special signs on timber handling cranes #Timber handling cranes shall be provided with the following special signs: a) at the control station and on the boom system a figure showing safe distance (Figure 9). Figure 9 — Example of a symbol showing safe distance from crane in operation b) a symbol on the second boom of cranes not intended for hook duty (see example Figure 10). I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 54 Layout, see ISO 3864 Figure 10 — Example of a symbol for cranes not intended for hook duty c) at the control station of cranes equipped with inclination limiter a symbol as shown in Figure 11. Figure 11 — Example of a symbol for cranes equipped with inclination limiter$ 7.3.6 Marking of slewing centre The longitudinal position of the slewing centre shall be clearly marked on both sides of the base. 7.3.7 #Marking of maximum ground load The maximum load that the stabilizer can impose on the ground shall be marked on the stabilizer legs or elsewhere clearly visibly marked on the crane. 7.3.8 Marking for high seat High seats shall be marked with its maximum load capacity.$ I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 55 Annex A (informative) Examples of configurations and mountings A.1 Boom systems A.1.1 Loader cranes with straight boom system Figures A.1 and A.2 show loader cranes with telescopic boom system and fixed straight boom system respectively. Figure A.1 — Telescopic boom system Figure A.2 — Fixed straight boom system A.1.2 Loader cranes with articulated boom system Figures A.3 and A.4 show loader cranes with articulated boom systems. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 56 Figure A.3 — Articulated boom system, foldable across the vehicle Figure A.4 — Articulated boom system with boom extension, foldable along the vehicle A.2 Examples of loader crane mountings Figures A.5 to A.11 show examples of loader crane mounting. Figure A.5 — Loader crane, mounted behind cabin I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 57 Figure A.6 — Rear mounted loader crane Figure A.7 — Middle mounted loader crane NOTE Loader cranes are usually mounted fixed to the chassis of the vehicle, but can be mounted on a detachable bracket. Cranes can also be mounted moveable on rails on the vehicle platform. Figure A.8 — Rear mounted timber handling crane I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 58 Figure A.9 — Tractor mounted loader crane Figure A.10 — Static base loader crane I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 59 Figure A.11 — Pick-up mounted loader crane I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 60 Annex B (informative) Stress history parameter s and stress history classes S For loader cranes, the stress spectrum factor k at a certain point of the structure and expressed as relative damage per lifting cycle, may be computed as: i i i n N k ⋅ ∆ ∆ = ⋅∑ 3 max 1 σ σ and the corresponding stress history parameter s may be calculated as: k N s tot ⋅ ⋅ = 6 2 10 where i is an index, running from 1 to the number of stress range classes used; Δσi is the stress range of class i; ni is the number of stress cycles that fall into class i; Δσmax is the maximum stress range at the point; N is the number of lifting cycles used for evaluation of k; Ntot is the number of lifting cycles during the life of the crane. Simulations or field measurements using e.g. the rain flow method may be used to establish values for the stress spectrum factors k. #As the stress history parameter s is a product of the stress spectrum factor k and the number of lifting cycles N, the limits of the S classes, having constant values of s, will be diagonal lines in the log-log diagram shown in Figure B.1. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 61 Key 1 is the area where fatigue assessment is not required k is the stress spectrum factor N is the number of lifting cycles used for evaluation of k Figure B.1 — Illustration of the classification of stress history parameter s $ The stress history parameter s is classified in stress history classes S in accordance with Table B.1. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 62 Table B.1 — Classes S of stress history parameters Class Value of stress history parameter s #Design$value of s #S02 s ≤ 0,002 0,002 S01 0,002 < s ≤ 0,004 0,004$ S0 #0,004 <$s ≤ 0,008 0,008 S1 0,008 < s ≤ 0,016 0,016 S2 0,016 < s ≤ 0,032 0,032 S3 0,032 < s ≤ 0,063 0,063 S4 0,063 < s ≤ 0,125 0,125 S5 0,125 < s ≤ 0,250 0,250 S6 0,250 < s ≤ 0,500 0,500 S7 0,500 < s ≤ 1,000 1,000 Different parts of the crane may be assigned different S classes or specific s values. Based on experience of the service conditions, the basic stress history class for a crane may also be selected from Table B.2. The table shows the S class of the most severely loaded crane part, generally the column. Different parts of the crane may be assigned lower S classes if the service conditions are fully known. Table B.2 — Examples of basic S classes for different crane duties # Duty type Intensity of usage Very light Light Moderate Intensive Hook, Brick and Block S01 S0 S1 S2 Digging S0 S1 S2 S3 Scrap handling S1 S2 S3 S4 Timber handling S2 S3 S4 S5 Figure B.2 is a log-log diagram with number of lifting cycles on the horizontal axis and stress spectrum on the vertical axis. Lifting cycle classes N from DIN 15018 are shown as orange vertical lines and stress spectrum classes S from DIN 15018 are shown as horizontal green lines, which means that the B groups from DIN 15018 become rectangles with their most severe value at the upper right corners, whereas the S classes from EN 13001 are diagonal strips with their design values on the upper right diagonal lines. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 63 Figure B.2 — Relation between S classes and old B groups from DIN 15018 $ I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 64 Annex C (informative) Explanatory notes C.1 Rated capacity limiters A loader crane is designed and manufactured to operate with specific forces in all load bearing cylinders. The rated capacity at all hook positions is calculated in accordance with these specific forces. The rated capacity limiter for a loader crane measures the force in the load bearing cylinder, and this determines the rated capacity at every hook position, without resorting to measuring the actual load on the hook. #It should be noted that the maximum rating of the load moment can vary with crane geometry, stabilizer deployment, the actual boom system position and available boom extension cylinder pressure.$ For this reason the rated capacity limiter should be designed to take into account the force in load bearing cylinders and force in hoist rope. Also the position of the boom system and stabilizers should be considered if they limit the rated capacity. Thus, requirements on category apply to all these functions. The rated capacity limiter for a loader crane #is intended to prevent$: a) the structure being overloaded; b) overturning of the vehicle; and thus reduce the risk of unintended movements. For timber handling cranes, where persons are not within the danger zone of the machine, unintended movements of the load is not considered as dangerous. NOTE The reason that dangerous movements due to opening of a port relief valve is accepted for a timber handling crane is that there will not be any people within the working area of the machine. The sudden stop induced by a rated capacity limiter combined with the high operating speed of a timber handling crane causes risks in excess of the uncontrolled movement due to the relief valve opening. C.2 Timber handling cranes - Line rupture Automatic stopping of boom movement due to a hose failure, for a timber handling crane, due to the high speed, can cause higher risks than an uncontrolled lowering of the load. C.3 Control stations In order to ensure a good view of the load in all positions within the slewing range, loader cranes can normally be controlled from both sides of the vehicle. As the operator will have a good view of the controls on the other side of the crane, and as the controls are mechanically linked together it is not necessary to prevent the use of the levers of the opposite side by additional means. The stopping device (5.6.8) shall however be possible to actuate from both sides of the crane. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 65 Annex D (informative) Examples of dangerous movements Rated capacity limiters should, in accordance with 5.6.1.1, be provided on all cranes having a rated capacity of 1 000 kg or above, or a maximum net lifting moment of 40 000 Nm or above due to the loads. The purpose of these devices is to warn the crane driver and prevent dangerous movements of the load in the event of excess of rated capacity. Figure D.1 gives examples of dangerous movements (arrows indicated) that should be prevented in the event of overload. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 66 Key 1 load 2 1st boom 3 2nd boom 4 3rd boom 5 winch Figure D.1 — Examples of dangerous movements (arrow indicated) that should be prevented in the event of overload I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 67 Annex E (normative) Symbols for working and setting-up functions The parts of the loader crane which move when functioning shall be indicated by blank circles, thick lines and/or arrow in the symbols. Symbols shall be in accordance with Table E.1. Table E.1 — Symbols to be used Symbol Explanation Symbol Explanation COLUMN - slew clockwise LOAD HANDLING DEVICE - slew clockwise COLUMN - slew anticlockwise LOAD HANDLING DEVICE - slew anticlockwise 1st BOOM – raise CLAMSHELL - close 1st BOOM – lower CLAMSHELL - open 1st BOOM – extend HOIST - lift 1st BOOM – retract HOIST – lower I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 68 2nd BOOM – raise STABILIZER LEG - vertical extending 2nd BOOM – lower STABILIZER LEG - vertical retracting EXTENSION - extend STABILIZER EXTENSION - horizontal extending EXTENSION - retract STABILIZER EXTENSION - horizontal retracting I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 69 Annex F (informative) Control system – Preferred vertical layout for controls operated from the ground Table F.1 shows direction of control operation and corresponding movement. Table F.1 — Direction of control operation and corresponding crane movement Control unit to LEFT opening CLAMSHELL to RIGHT closing slewing clockwise LOAD HANDLING DEVICE slewing anticlockwise extending BOOM EXTENSION retracting lowering 2:nd BOOM raising ! " lowering 1: st BOOM raising slewing clockwise COLUMN slewing anticlockwise I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 70 If one or more functions are not provided, the existing controls are moved down accordingly. NOTE The layout applies to both sides of the crane. The figures in column 1 show symbols affixed to control lever knobs. The arrow symbols may also be used on a separate sign placed above the levers as shown in Figure G.3. Figure F.1 — Example of vertical layout I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 71 Annex G (informative) Control system - Horizontal layout order Figures G.1 and G.3 give two alternatives for controls operated from the ground. Alternative 1: Layout A should be used for both sides of the crane and for remote control; Alternative 2: Layout A should be used for one side and layout B should be used for the other side. Alternative 1 is a preferred layout. The arrow shown pointing upwards in the Figure G.1 can also mean forward as clarified by Figure G.2. Depending on the shape of the control lever, knob movement can deviate from vertical (both levers are shown in the neutral position). Figure G.1 shows symbols affixed to control lever knobs. The arrow symbols may also be used on a separate sign placed above the levers as shown in Figure G.3. Figure G.1 — Control system with horizontal layout symbols affixed to control lever knobs I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 72 Figure G.2 — Examples of horizontal layout. In top figure knob movement deviate from vertical I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 73 Key 1 layout A 2 sign 3 control lever knob 4 layout B 5 sign 6 control lever knob Figure G.3 — Control system with horizontal layout. Symbols on a separate sign placed above the levers I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 74 Annex H (informative) Control levers for high seats and remote controls H.1 High seat controls H.1.1 Multidirectional (joy-stick) controls Figure H.1 shows the arrangement of a two-lever control system. Figure H.2 shows the arrangement of a control system consisting of two levers and two pedals. H.1.2 Bi-directional controls The control levers should be arranged in accordance with Figure G.1, layout A or in accordance with Figure G.3, layout A. H.2 Remote controls Multidirectional control levers should be arranged in accordance with Figure H.1. Bi-directional control levers should follow Figure G.1 layout A. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 75 Key 1 clamshell opening 2 2nd boom lowering 3 column slewing anticlockwise 4 column slewing clockwise 5 2nd boom raising 6 clamshell closing 7 load-handling device slewing anticlockwise 8 !1st boom lowering" 9 extension extending 10 load-handling device slewing clockwise 11 !1st boom raising" 12 extension retracting 13 operator Figure H.1 — Multidirectional controls – Arrangement of a two-lever control system I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 76 Key 1 2nd boom lowering 2 column slewing clockwise 3 2nd boom raising 4 column slewing anticlockwise 5 clamshell opening 6 extension extending 7 !1st boom lowering" 8 load-handling device slewing clockwise 9 !1st boom raising" 10 load-handling device slewing anticlockwise 11 extension retracting 12 clamshell closing 13 operator Figure H.2 — Multidirectional controls – Arrangement of a control system consisting of two levers and two pedals I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 77 Annex I (not used) I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 78 Annex J (normative) Cabins fitted on vehicle mounted loader cranes up to a net lifting moment of 250 kNm The following dimensions and requirements provide exceptions to EN 13557. a) The minimum internal dimensions for cabins with a seat shall be: — height measured vertically from the seat index point (SIP), see Figure J.1: 1 000 mm; — width measured horizontally through the seat index point: 700 mm; — length measured horizontally forward from the seat index point, see Figure J.1: 700 mm; NOTE Regarding specifications for cabins on cranes above 250 kNm, or on static mounted cranes, see EN 13000. b) The minimum dimensions for effective door apertures for use in an upright posture shall be: — width: 600 mm; — height: 1 500 mm; c) The minimum dimensions for emergency exit effective apertures shall be 0,55 m × 0,55 m or 0,5 m × 0,6 m or 0,6 m diameter. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 79 Dimensions in millimetres SIP: Seat Index Point (see EN ISO 5353) Figure J.1 — Minimum internal dimensions Cabin front window shall: a) be able to withstand without failure the application of 1,25 kN applied at 90° to any 500 mm2 area of the window and its mounting or b) be provided with protection up to a minimum height of 1 m from the cabin floor level. — Where the protection is by means of horizontal bars, these shall have spaces between the bars not exceeding 0,4 m and the height between the cabin and the lowest bar shall not exceed 0,25 m. — Where the protection is by means of vertical bars, these shall have spaces between the bars not exceeding 0,3 m. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 80 — Where the protection is by means of a shock-resistant polycarbonate material of the window, the plate thickness shall be at least 6 mm. Other cabin windows shall be shatter proof. NOTE Vertical positioning of protective bars is known to cause less obstruction to the vision of crane drivers. Means shall be provided to keep the air temperature inside the closed cabin at 18 °C minimum at a reference outside temperature of –10 °C. The cabin shall be such as to protect against draughts. The cabin shall be provided with adjustable ventilating equipment. The equipment shall be capable of supplying air from the outside. The fresh air valve shall be adjustable. Heating means which are powered by gas, petrol, diesel or burning oil shall be installed in such a way that there is an adequate supply of fresh air to ensure complete combustion and that the exhaust gases cannot ingress into the cabin regardless of wind direction and speed. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 81 Annex K (informative) Examples of raised control stations Figures K.1 to K.3 show different examples of raised control stations. Key 1 platform 2 step Figure K.1 — Control platform with access steps Key 1 side guard 2 seat 3 sadder Figure K.2 — High seat on column with access ladders I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 82 Figure K.3 — High seat on column with access steps I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 83 Annex L (normative) Raised control stations - Measures regarding hand rails and hand holds, ladders and steps Table L.1 gives dimensions of handrails and handholds. The dimensions are illustrated in Figure L.1. Table L.2 gives dimensions of steps and ladders. The dimensions are illustrated in Figure L.2. Table L.1 — Dimensions of handrails and handholds Dimensions in millimetres Symbol Description min. max. A Width (diameter or across flats) 16 40 B Length between bend radii for support legs of handholds 150 - C Hand clearance to mounting surface 75 - D Distance above standing surface - 1 600 E Vertical distance of handrail continuation above step, platform, stairway or ramp 850 - F Offset distance of handrail or handhold from edge of step 75 200 G Width between parallel handrails 450 - NOTE Handrail extension may be an integral part of or separate from ladder. Figure L.1 — Handrails and handholds I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 84 Table L.2 — Dimensions of steps and ladders Dimensions in millimetres Symbol Description min. max. A Height of first step above ground or platform - 600 B Riser height 220 300 C Step width - rung ladders (for one foot) 300 (150) - D Rung tread - width 19 40 E Instep clearance 150 - F1 Tread depth for steps (stepped ladders, stairways, etc) 240 a 400 F2 Toe clearance (free space behind rungs) 150 - H Distance from top rung of ladder to platform - 150 R Step placement from ladder - 300 a Can be reduced to 130 when free space for toe clearance is provided I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 85 Key 1 platform 2 instep clearance 3 typical profiles for ladder rungs 4 platform level Figure L.2 — Steps, ladders and stairways I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 86 Annex M (informative) Installation of a loader crane on a vehicle M.1 General This annex supplies the minimum information necessary for the correct installation of a loader crane on a vehicle. The installation of a loader crane on the chassis of a vehicle requires the addition of a mounting frame, commonly referred to as a sub-frame. Most truck manufacturers supply recommendations for fitting loader cranes to their range of vehicles. These recommendations should be adhered to. In the absence of specific recommendations for a loader crane to a vehicle, the sub-frame dimensions and characteristics can be determined from M.4. Approval for fitting the sub-frame should then be sought from the vehicle manufacturer. The crane stabilizers and additional stabilizers, if fitted, are presumed to be extended and in full contact with the ground, in accordance with the operating instructions of the crane manufacturer. M.2 Installation: minimum data M.2.1 Crane dimensions in transport position: data The data has to be referred to a system of Cartesian coordinates (X, Y, Z) which coincide at the point of intersection of the cranes axis of rotation (axis Z), and the horizontal bearing surface of the cranes base unit (planes X, Y). The direction of the three axis and their symbols are indicated in Figure M.1. It is necessary to obtain the position of the centre of gravity of the crane in its travelling position. Coordinates shall be given with sign in accordance with the coordinate system shown in Figure M.1. Longitudinal A = mm Transverse B = mm Vertical H = mm Coordinate of longitudinal centre of vehicle (OFFSET) Ya = mm Total mass of crane G = kg Co-ordinates of centre of gravity of crane (G) Xg = mm in transport position. Yg = mm Zg = mm I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 87 M.2.2 Crane data (see Figure M.2) Max total lifting moment (P R + Gb Yb) Mst = Nm Max total dynamic lifting moment (φ 2P R + φ1 Gb Yb) Mdyn = Nm M.2.3 Mounting data Number of tie rods or frame bolts Diameter of tie rods or frame bolts mm Grade of tie rods or frame bolts Tightening torque T = Nm M.2.4 Power requirements Pump type (fixed/variable) Max allowable delivery at the control valve Qr = l/min Working pressure P = bar Main relief valve setting on crane pr = bar Hydraulic power requirement Pr = kW Electric power requirement volts amps NOTE On systems with constant flow pumps, the working pressure measured close to the pump can be higher than the main relief valve setting on the crane due to pressure losses, i.e. efficiency. On systems with variable flow pumps, the working pressure, including the standby pressure, is limited by the pump regulator. #For environmental reason, loader cranes with larger net lifting moment than 400 kNm should be equipped with variable flow pumps.$ M.2.5 Stability calculations: data The manufacturer of the crane should supply the following data for the maximum hydraulic outreach as defined in the load chart. Mass of crane base unit, plus the column: and the 1st boom cylinder GF = kg Coordinates of centre of gravity of base and column with 1st boom cylinder XF = mm YF = mm Mass of the boom system Gb = kg Coordinate of the C of G of the of the boom system Yb = mm I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 88 M.3 Power take off (PTO) and pump displacement It is common practice for the company fitting the crane, to give the supplier of the pump and PTO the following data: — vehicle manufacturer; — vehicle type; — gross vehicle weight; — gearbox details; — type of pump (fixed/variable); — maximum working pressure of crane; — nominal flow of oil required by the crane. The choice of the PTO’s gear ratio has to be made so that the power output takes place within the specified torque band of the vehicles engine. The power available from the PTO (which is a product of the maximum recommended Torque, at the specified RPM) should be in excess of the power requirements of the hydraulic system. The following equations can be used to compute the power requirements for fixed pumps. Available mechanical power (kW) Pw 9550 M × n = Mechanical power required (kW) Pr = ×η × 600 Q p NOTE To calculate the power required it is essential to consider auxiliary equipment which is connected to the same PTO/hydraulic pump. It is essential that: 1000 C n Pw Pr and Qr × ≥ ≥ where M is the max. permitted PTO torque (Nm); n is the PTO / pump speed;(min−1) ; C is the pump displacement per revolution; (cm3) ; Q is the pump delivery;(L/min) ; p is the working pressure (bar) ; η is the total pump efficiency. M.4 Calculation method for determination of sub-frame dimensions M.4.1 General considerations The type of sub-frame construction to use is dependent on the contribution it makes in terms of strength and stiffness. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 89 a) Flexible mounting enables limited horizontal movement between the chassis and the sub-frame, and can be considered as two separate beams working together in parallel. The chassis and the subframe sections will each be subjected to a part of the total bending moment in proportion to their respective second moments of area. b) Rigid mounting does not permit any movement between the chassis and the sub-frame and can be considered as a single compound beam. It is essential that the spacing and size of the side plates are of sufficient strength to withstand the resultant shear stress. c) Cranes fitted behind the cab of the truck: To retain, as near as possible, the original bending and torsional characteristics of the vehicle chassis, the mounting of the sub-frame to the chassis, may be of a flexible type. Some truck manufacturers recommend a flexible fitting along the entire length of the sub-frame. The majority of truck manufacturers recommend that the crane portion of the subframe is rigidly attached to the chassis and the rest of the sub-frame is flexibly mounted. d) Rear installation: Because the crane mass is concentrated on the rear overhang of the chassis, it is necessary to provide torsional stiffness to ensure good ride characteristics whilst travelling, and improved stability whilst operating the crane. To achieve this, the sub-frame needs to be rigidly mounted to the chassis. In addition to this, most vehicle manufacturers recommend fitting a diagonal brace to the sub-frame, extending from the loader crane position, to the centre of the drive axle(s). Many vehicle manufacturers also recommend that the side plates closest to the truck cab are of the flexible type. This creates a more gradual reduction in the value of the combined second moment of area of the chassis and sub-frame. M.4.2 Stresses The maximum dynamic moment of the crane is assumed to act along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle This will either coincide or be parallel with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle’s chassis. If the crane’s axis of rotation is offset from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, or if the crane base does not provide a uniform distribution of the load moment along the two longitudinal members of the subframe, the load moment should be distributed by introducing the factor β ≥ 0,5 which derives from the eccentricity of the crane and from the base properties and constraints. The factor β should be given by the crane manufacturer. The dimensioning of the sub-frame should be made in accordance with the maximum value of load moment acting on one side. The load moment varies linearly from the maximum value at the point of attachment of the crane, to a zero value on the front or rear axles of the vehicle, or on the additional stabilizers. M.4.3 Material and limit states See 5.3. M.4.4 Symbols and equations M.4.4.1 General The chassis and sub-frame sections are considered to resist the total load moment. Dimensions referring to the chassis frame will be designated “t” and dimensions referring to the sub-frame will be designated “c”. Symbols: Mdyn = maximum dynamic moment; β = distribution factor; Me = moment to be assumed for calculation Me = β × Mdyn; I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 90 M = load moment acting on chassis or on sub-frame; I = second moment of area of chassis or sub-frame sections; W = section modulus of chassis or sub-frame sections; σ = bending stress; σa = allowable stress of material. M.4.4.2 Flexible mounting (chassis and sub-frame) Me = Mc + Mt and M M c t = I I c t ⇒ Mc = Me I I I c c + t and Mt = Me I I I t c + t M W c c < = σa M W t t < = σa M.4.4.3 Rigid mounting σ1 = M W e 1 < = σa σ2 = M W e 2 < = σa where W1 is the bending resistance with respect to distance from neutral axis to extreme point of chassis frame; W2 is the bending resistance with respect to distance from neutral axis to extreme point of sub-frame. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 91 Figure M.1 — Axis directions and dimensions of folded crane Figure M.2 — Crane dimensions at maximum hydraulic outreach I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 92 Annex N (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application Is there a product standard in the following list that suits the application? EN 13000 Cranes – Mobile cranes EN 14439 Cranes – Safety – Tower cranes EN 14985 Cranes – Slewing jib cranes #EN 15011$ Cranes – Bridge and gantry cranes EN 13852–1 Cranes – Offshore cranes – Part 1: General purpose offshore cranes EN 13852–2 Cranes – Offshore cranes – Part 2: Floating cranes EN 14492–1 Cranes – Power driven winches and hoists – Part 1: Power driven winches EN 14492–2 Cranes – Power driven winches and hoists – Part 2: Power driven hoists EN 12999 Cranes – Loader cranes EN 13157 Cranes – Safety – Hand powered cranes EN 13155 Cranes – Safety – Non-fixed load lifting attachments EN 14238 Cranes – Manually controlled load manipulating devices YES NO Use it directly, plus the standards that are referred to. Use the following: EN 13001–1 Cranes – General design – Part 1: General principles and requirements EN 13001–2 Cranes – General design – Part 2: Load actions #EN 13001–3- 1$ Cranes – General design – Part 3–1:Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures #EN 13001–3- 2$ Cranes – General design – Part 3–2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes EN 13135–1 Cranes – Safety – Design – Requirements for the equipment – Part 1: Electrotechnical equipment EN 13557 Cranes – Controls and control stations EN 13135–2 Cranes – Equipment – Part 2: Non-electro-technical equipment EN 12077–2 Cranes safety – Requirements for health and safety – Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices EN 13586 Cranes – Access EN 14502–1 Cranes – Equipment for the lifting of persons – Part 1: Suspended baskets I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 93 Is there a product standard in the following list that suits the application? EN 14502–2 Cranes – Equipment for the lifting persons – Part 2: Elevating control stations EN 12644–1 Cranes – Information for use and testing – Part 1: Instructions EN 12644–2 Cranes – Information for use and testing – Part 2: Marking I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 94 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 (E) 95 Bibliography [1] EN ISO 11688-2, Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment - Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design (ISO/TR 11688-2:1998) #deleted entry$ [2] EN 13000:2010, Cranes — Mobile cranes [3] DIN 15400:1990, Lifting hooks — Materials, mechanical properties, lifting capacity and stresses [4] DIN 15401-2:1983, Lifting hooks for lifting appliances — Single hooks — Finished parts with threaded shank [5] EN 1993-1-1:2005, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings I.S. EN 12999:2011+A2:2018 This is a free 100 page sample. Access the full version online.
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