Figure J-1.2-3 Welding Consumable Pre-Use Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel SMAW and GMAW GTAW and PAW SAW Pre-use testing is not required. Ready for production welding. Unacceptable for use with MDMTs colder than 21048C (21558F) Ready for production welding — only pre-use tested consumables or exempted filler metal with GTAW/PAW to be used Unacceptable without pre-use testing Unacceptable without pre-use testing Welding Consumable Pre-Use Testing Requirements Is filler metal ENiCrFe-2, ENiCrFe-3, ENiCrMo-3, ENiCrMo-4, ENiCrMo-6, ERNiCr-3, ERNiCrMo-3, ERNiCrMo-4, or E310-15/16? Is MDMT colder than 21048C (21558F)? 1. Is WPS qualified with impact tests? 2. Is welding process SMAW, SAW, GMAW, GTAW, or PAW? 3. Does weld metal conform to SFA-5.4, 5.9, 5.11, 5.14, or 5.22? 4. Is weld metal # 0.10% carbon? TM-250.6 TM-250.6(a), (b), (c), and (d) TM-250.6(d)(4) TM-250.6(d)(1) TM-250.6(d)(5) TM-250.6(d)(2) Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Is each heat/lot of filler metal pre-use tested? Is filler metal ER308L, ER316L, or ER310? Is each heat/batch combination of wire and flux pre-use tested? No No ASME BPVC.XII-2023 341
Figure J-1.2-4 Production Toughness Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel Start TM-250.8(c)(1) No TM-250.8(b)(3) Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes TM-250.8(b)(1) TM-250.8(c) TM-250.8(c)(2) Thermally treated as defined in TM-250.3? Yes No No Yes Yes No TM-250.8(b) TM-250.8(b)(2) Yes No MDMT colder than –196°C (–320°F)? MDMT colder than –104°C (–155°F)? MDMT colder than –29°C (–20°F)? MDMT colder than –196°C (–320°F)? Are all requirements of TM-250.6 met? Welded with filler metal? Is PQR toughness testing exempted per TM-250.5? Production toughness testing is required. Production toughness testing is required. Production toughness testing is not required. Solution annealed after welding? See TM-250.3 for special production toughness testing requirements. ASME BPVC.XII-2023 342
Figure J-1.2-5 Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex, Ferritic Chromium, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Toughness Testing Requirements Start Yes No No TM-250.4(c) TM-250.5(c) TM-250.8(a) TM-250.3(b) TM-250.3(c) TM-250 No No Yes Yes Yes Is specimen thickness ≥ 2.5 mm (0.099 in.)? Exempt per TM-250.7? Toughness testing of the base material and HAZ is not required. WPS Qualification by toughness testing is not required. Production toughness testing is not required. Toughness testing of the base material and HAZ is required. WPS Qualification with toughness testing is required. Production toughness testing is required. Toughness testing of the base material and HAZ is not required. WPS Qualification with toughness testing is not required. Production toughness testing is not required. Is MDMT colder than –29°C (–20°F) or does the nominal thickness exceed the limits of TM-250.4(c)? Were thermal treatments within the temperature ranges listed in TM-250.3 applied? ASME BPVC.XII-2023 343
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX K PREHEATING Preheating may be employed during welding to assistin completion of the welded joint. The need for and temperature of preheat are dependent on a number of factors, such as the chemical analysis, degree of restraint of the parts being joined, elevated physical properties, and heavy thicknesses. Mandatory rules for preheating are, therefore, not given in this Section except as required in the General Notes in Tables TF-710-1(a) through TF-710-1(h), Tables TF-720-1 through TF-720-6, and Table TF-740 of this Section. Some practices used for preheating are given below as a general guide for the materials listed by P-Numbers in Section IX.Itis cautioned that the preheating temperatures listed in Table K-1 do not necessarily ensure satisfactory completion ofthe weld joint, and requirements for individual materialswithin the P-Number listing may have preheating more or less restrictive than this general guide. The procedure specification for the material being welded specifies the minimum preheating requirements under Section IX weld procedure qualification requirements. The heat of welding may assist in maintaining preheat temperatures after the start of welding and for inspection purposes;temperature checks can be made near the weld. The method or extent of application of preheat is not, therefore, specifically given. Normally, when materials of two different P-Number groups are joined by welding, the preheat used will be that of the material with the higher preheat specified on the procedure specification. ASME BPVC.XII-2023 344
Table K-1 Preheating Temperatures P-No. Group Numbers Material Properties/Thickness Limits °F °C 1 1, 2, 3 C > 0.3% and thickness > 1 in. (25 mm ) 175 79 All others in this P-Number 50 10 3 1, 2, 3 Minimum specified UTS > 70 ksi or thickness > 5 ∕ 8 in. (16 mm) 175 79 All others in this P-Number 50 10 4 1, 2 Minimum specified UTS > 60 ksi or thickness > 1 ∕ 2 in. (13 mm) 250 121 All others in this P-Number 50 10 5A, 5B 1 Minimum specified UTS > 60 ksi or thickness > 1 ∕ 2 in. (13 mm) and Cr > 6.0% 400 204 5C 1, 3, 4, 5 Cr < 3.25% 350 177 All others in this P-Number 300 149 6 1, 2, 3 … 400 204 7 1, 2 … None None 8 1, 2 … None None 9A 1 … 250 121 9B 1 … 300 149 10A 1 … 175 79 10B 2 … 250 121 10C 3 Preheat neither required nor prohibited 175 79 10F 6 … 250 121 10D 4 With interpass temperature maintained between 350°F and 450°F (177°C and 232°C) 300 149 10I 1 With interpass temperature maintained between 350°F and 450°F (177°C and 232°C) 300 149 11A 1 Consideration shall be given to the limitation of interpass temperature for various thicknesses to avoid detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of heat treated materials None None 11A 2 Same as P-No. 5 (see above) 400 204 11A 3 Same as P-No. 5 (see above) 400 204 11A 4 … 250 121 11B 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Same as P-No. 3 (see above) 175 79 11B 6, 7 Same as P-No. 5 (see above) 400 204 15E 1 Either minimum specified UT > 60 ksi (410 MPa) or both thickness > 1 ∕ 2 in. (13 mm) and Cr > 6.0% 400 204 All other materials in this grouping 300 150 ASME BPVC.XII-2023 345
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX L QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM GUIDELINES L-1 GENERAL This Nonmandatory Appendix is intended to supplement Mandatory Appendix I. Mandatory Appendix I addresses the Quality Control System elements related specifically to the design and fabrication of the pressure boundary of transportation tanks. However, because the manufacture of these tanks is subject to the rules of the competent authority, the scope of the Quality Control System must be wider than specified in Mandatory Appendix I. Each province or state of a country may have related regulations requiring separate requirements (licenses for manufacture, assembly, or modification ofthese transport tanks). In view of these requirements, guidelines have been given in this Nonmandatory Appendix for the elements that should be included in the written description of the Manufacturer’s Quality Control System for transport tanks. The written description of the Quality Control System should include the elements herein and describe them in this order. The elements described in L-2 through L-26 need to be addressed based on the scope of work the facility is intending to perform. Some of these elements have already been addressed in Mandatory Appendix I, and cross-references to the relevant Mandatory Appendix I paragraphs are included in L-2 though L-26, where applicable.However, for some elements, Mandatory Appendix I has limited requirements specific to the pressure boundary. In such cases, this Nonmandatory Appendix includes additional requirements for transport tanks (e.g., the drawing and design control requirements). For those elements that appear in both Mandatory Appendix I and this Nonmandatory Appendix, additional detail is provided here. The user is also referred to the NBIC Supplement S6, which may include additional requirements related to in-service maintenance and repair processes. L-2 SCOPE Describe the range of activities coveredby jurisdictional regulations that will be performed atthe facility,the specifications on which each of these activities will be performed, and where these activities will be performed (e.g., manufacture, assembly, modification, inspection, and examination and testing, etc.). See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-1 and I-2. L-3 ACRONYMS/GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS List any abbreviations to be used in the document and provide the full term. L-4 STATEMENT OF AUTHORITY Include the title and quality control duties of the person(s) responsible for administering the quality control program and the various standards to be used for the activities. There shall be a statement that this person has the responsibility, authority, and organizational freedom to identify quality control problems and initiate, recommend, and provide solutions. See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-3. L-5 ORGANIZATION CHART Provide an organization chart showing flow of responsibility forquality controlfromthemost seniormanager to those involved directly in the operations. See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-4. L-6 MANUAL CONTROL Identify the person responsible for the issue and maintenance of the manual, including its periodic update and revision, its distribution, and the removal of superseded versions from circulation. L-7 DRAWING AND DESIGN CONTROL Describe the system for control of drawings and designs to ensure that they are performed by the appropriate personnel and are in line with the requirements of the applicable jurisdictional regulations. This section shall identify (a) the person(s) responsible for the approval of designs and design changes (b) the process that is used to ensure that all designs, changes, and revisions are authorized and that only the currently authorized drawings or designs are used ASME BPVC.XII-2023 346
(c) the design review and approval process that describes who is responsible for reviewing the design of a new tank or a modification to a tank See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-5. L-8 MANUFACTURE This section shall describe the requirements and processes for the manufacture of tanks, including scope of work, authorizations, design reviews, inspection and testing requirements, marking, and certification. Describe the scope of manufacture, and indicate thatthe manufacture of tanks is done in accordance with the jurisdictional regulations that are in force. Where applicable, this section shall also indicate which Certificates of Authorization are held by the facility. This section shall also specify (a) the person responsible for the inspection and testing required on completion (b) the type of inspections and tests that shall be performed prior to certification and delivery of a highway or portable tank (c) the locationwhere the inspection and testingwill be carried out (d) the person responsible for applying the specification plate, and the method bywhich itis to be affixed to the tank (e) that the final assembler shall mark the specification and completion and certification date on the plate (f) the information to be indicated on the specification plate (provide a sample) (g) other tank markings and decals, if required by the jurisdiction (h) the person responsible for ensuring that marking has been done in accordance with the applicable jurisdictional regulation (i) the items that shall be listed on the certificate of compliance (provide a sample) (j) that the final stage manufacturer is responsible for ensuring that all certification is completed in accordance with the regulations L-9 ASSEMBLY This section shall describe the requirements and processes for the assembly of tanks, including scope of work, authorizations, design reviews, inspection and testing requirements, marking, and certification. The following shall be specified for the assembly of tanks: (a) the assembly of tanks in accordance with an approved design provided by a manufacturer duly licensed by the jurisdiction, if applicable. (b) the design of a portion of the assembly of a highway or portable tank. In addition, describe the scope of assembly (mounting tanks, installing fittings, etc.), and indicate that the assembly is done in accordance with the applicable jurisdictional regulations. (c) the person responsible for the inspection and testing required on completion. (d) the type of inspections and tests that shall be performed prior to certification and delivery of a highway or portable tank. (e) the locationwhere the inspection and testingwill be carried out. (f) the person responsible for applying the IDplate, and the method by which it is to be affixed to the tank. (g) that the final assembler shall mark the tank specification and completion and certification date on the plate. (h) the information to be indicated on the specification plate (provide a sample). (i) other tank markings and decals, if required by the applicable regulations. (j) the person responsible for ensuring that marking has been done in accordance with the applicable regulations. (k) the items that shall be listed on the certificate of compliance (provide a sample). (l) that the final assembler is responsible for ensuring that all certification is completed in accordance with the applicable regulations. L-10 MODIFICATION This section shall describe the requirements and processes for the modification of tanks, including scope of work, authorizations, design reviews, inspection and testing requirements, marking, and certification. Describe the scope of work (specify the types of modifications performed), andindicate thatmodificationsmust be performed in accordance with the applicable regulations and with the version of the ASME Code that is referenced in the applicable regulations. Where applicable,this section shall also indicate which Certificates of Authorization are held by the facility (ASME, provincial pressure vessel jurisdiction, National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors). (a) Design review shall be done as per L-8. This section shall specify (1) the person responsible for the inspection and testing required on completion (2) the type of inspections and tests that shall be performed prior to certification and delivery of a highway or portable tank (3) the location where the inspection and testing will be carried out (b) Describe the marking requirements for a modification plate (provide a sample). This section shall specify (1) the items that shall be listed on the Modification Certificate of Compliance (provide a sample) ASME BPVC.XII-2023 347
(2) the person responsible for ensuring that all certification is done in accordance with the applicable regulations L-11 MATERIAL CONTROL Where the activities involve a provision of materials to be used in manufacture, modification, or repair, describe the processes undertaken for the purchase, receipt, identification, storage, and use of appropriatematerials for any design. These processes should ensure, for example, that only the materials specified in the design are used and that any changes or substitutions are approved by the design engineer. See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-6. L-12 INSPECTION AND TESTING — EXAMINATION Step-by-step written procedures, reports, and criteria to be used when inspecting, testing, and retesting new or in-service tanks shall be described. These procedures and reporting requirements shall be applicable to all activities and tank types identified in the scope and shall be included in the manual or in separate identifiable documents referenced in the manual. See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-7. L-13 TEST AND INSPECTION MARKING Describe the markings to be used by the facility when it is satisfied that the registered activities have been completed in compliance with the applicable regulations. List the test and inspection markings, and indicate who applies them and how and when they are applied. L-14 NONCONFORMITIES — CORRECTIVE ACTION Describe the action to be takenin the eventthat a quality control problem is discovered during production or during an audit. This description should include an account of the process used to determine the appropriate course of action for the current problem (e.g., scrap or rework parts, change the design) and the changes that will be made to prevent recurrences of the problem (e.g., changes to quality control procedures). See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-8. L-15 WELDING CONTROL Describe the control procedures in place to ensure that all welding procedures and personnel meet the requirements of the standards and codes for the work performed. These procedures shall ensure that all weld procedures are qualified; all welders are qualified to the appropriate weldprocedures;theweld procedures are specified on the drawings, repair procedure, or job sheet; and the welders have access to the correct procedure. See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-9. L-16 CALIBRATION Describe the quality control procedures for ensuring that instruments used are maintained and calibrated and that they operate within suitable parameters. For each instrument, a record shall be kept, identifying each instrument, the method of calibration, its calibration frequency, and the date of its last calibration. The action to be taken if an instrument is found to be out of calibration during use shall be described. See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-12. L-17 MOBILE UNITS Provide a description of the mobile units, including the number of units and list of equipment carried, the address from which the mobile units are controlled, where all documentation and reports are stored and retained, and a description of customer equipment and services in the field necessary for the mobile unit to function. L-18 RECORDS RETENTION Describe the procedures in place and the person(s) responsible for ensuring that documents required by applicable regulations and Codes, and those used to ensure quality control, are properly circulated and retained for the required periods. These documents should be listed, their flow described, and their storage locations indicated. Note that record retention periods vary; e.g., Canadian regulations require the records be retained for 20 yr while Section VIII, Division 1 requires at least 3 yr. See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-13. L-19 EXHIBITS Attach samples of actual completed documents used for quality control. Include samples of inspection and test reports and decals, nameplates, certificates of compliance, material data reports, etc. See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-15. L-20 QUALITY AUDITS Describe the internal procedures in place to check that the quality control program is performing as intended. These can include internal audits and periodic reviews of the manual to ensure that it is consistent with procedures followed. ASME BPVC.XII-2023 348
L-21 REGISTRATION — FACILITIES AND PERSONNEL Provide details of the registered facility and the qualifications and experience of authorized personnel (e.g., design engineers, tank inspectors, testers, and welders), and describe the policy for keeping these records up-to-date. Records providing evidence of the qualifications of all design engineers, tank inspectors, testers, and welders working shall be kept on file while the workers are so employed and for at least a certain period of time after the end of employment as required by the applicable regulations. That date shall be clearly indicated in the file. L-22 NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION See Mandatory Appendix I, I-10. L-23 HEAT TREATMENT See Mandatory Appendix I, I-10. L-24 CERTIFICATION Certification as addressed in Mandatory Appendix I does not constitute certification of the final product as required by the jurisdictional regulations. The certification of the final product is referred to in the regulations as a certificate of compliance. This has been addressed in L-8, L-9, and L-10. See also Mandatory Appendix I, I-14. L-25 INSPECTION OF VESSELS AND PARTS See Mandatory Appendix I, I-16. L-26 INSPECTION OF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES See Mandatory Appendix I, I-16. ASME BPVC.XII-2023 349
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX M ð23Þ GUIDE TO THE RELOCATION OF PART TR REQUIREMENTS DELETED ASME BPVC.XII-2023 350
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX N GUIDE FORTHEDESIGNANDOPERATIONOFQUICK-ACTUATING ð23Þ AND QUICK-OPENING CLOSURES N-1 INTRODUCTION This Appendix provides guidance in the form of recommendations for the installation, operation, and maintenance of quick‐actuating and quick-opening closures. This guidance is primarily for the use of the Owner and the User. The safety of the closure is the responsibility of the User. This includes the requirement for the User to provide training for all operating personnel, follow safety procedures, periodically inspect the closure, provide scheduled maintenance, and have all necessary repairs made prior to further use. This Appendix also contains guidance for use by the designer. The rules specific to the design and construction of quick‐actuating closures are found in TD-320.2. The rules specific to the design and construction of quickopening closures are found in TD-320.3. The Owner should supply a copy of the installation, operational, and maintenance manual to the User. N-2 RESPONSIBILITIES It is the responsibility of the User to ensure that the sensing and safety devices and equipment specified by the Manufacturer are properly installed before initial operation and maintained during subsequent operation. Provision of written operation and maintenance procedures and training of personnel are also the responsibility of the Owner or User. The User must not remove any devices furnished or specified by the Manufacturer of the tank, and any repairs or replacements must be the same as, or equal to, the original equipment furnished or specified by the Manufacturer. The rules of this Appendix require that the quickactuating closure be supplied by the certifying body, either the Manufacturer of the tank or the Manufacturer of the quick-actuating closure. Imparting training is the responsibility of the Manufacturer of the tank. The Inspector of the device who does in-service inspection shall have the authority to put the tank out of service until all the deficiencies are corrected to the Inspector’s satisfaction. N-3 DESIGN Code rules cannot be written to address each specific design; therefore, engineering judgment exercised by a qualified designer with the necessary experience is required to achieve a safe design. Because of the multiple requirements imposed on the design, it should be prepared by a designer with suitable experience and training in the design of quick‐actuating or quickopening closures, as applicable. The design must be safe, reliable, and allow for quick and safe opening and closing. Therefore, sensing and safety devices and equipment are integral and vitally important parts of the closure, and are to be furnished or specified by the Manufacturer of the tank or the Manufacturer of the quick-actuating closure. These devices must never be removed by the User. It should be noted that there is a higher likelihood of personnel being close to the tank and the quick-actuating closure when accidents during opening occur, especially those due to violations of operating procedures. An example is attempting to pry open the closure when they believe the tank has been depressurized and when it may not be. The passive safety features described below can help to protect against such actions, but most can still be subverted. Protection against subversion of safety features is covered under inspection, training, and administrative controls in N-6 through N-7. Some suggestions, which are not mandatory and are not necessarily applicable to each design, are provided below for illustrative purposes. Structural elements in the tank and the closure are designed using required design margins. However, it is also important to provide the features listed below for the prevention of erroneous opening. (a) Passive Actuation. A passively actuated safety feature or device does not require the operator to take any action to provide safety. An example is a pressure relief valve in a tank, or a pressure‐actuated locking device in a quick‐actuating closure. (b) Redundancy. A redundant safety feature or device is one of two or more features or devices that perform the same safety function. Two pressure‐actuated locking devices in parallel are an example appliable to quickASME BPVC.XII-2023 351
actuating closures. Another example is two or more independent holding elements, the failure of one of which not reducing the capability to withstand pressure loadings below an acceptable level. (c) Fail‐Safe Behavior. If a device or element fails, it should fail in a safe mode. An example applicable to quick-actuating closures is a normally closed electrical interlock that stays locked if power fails. (d) Multiple Lines of Defense. This can consist of any combination of two or more items from the list above. They should consist, at the very least, of warnings or alarms to keep operators and other personnel away from a quick-actuating closure. Pressure controls and sensors that operate well at 50 psi or 100 psi (350 kPa or 700 kPa) or at a much greater pressure often do not operate well at very low pressure. For example, they may not sense a small, static head of hot water. Certain accidents can occur because of release of hot fluid under static head alone, or under very low pressure. To protect against such accidents, separate controls and sensors may be used to maintain operating pressure; others may be required to prevent inappropriate opening at low pressures. It may be necessary or desirable to use electrical or electronic devices and interlocks. If these are used, careful installation and operating and maintenance instructions (see below) will be required. The effects of repetitive loading must be considered, as required by TD-200. There are two phenomena that are of major concern. The first is the wear produced by repetitive actuation of the mechanism. This can generally be mitigated by routine maintenance. The second is fatigue damage produced in the tank or in the closure by repetitive actuation of the mechanism or by repetitive pressurization and depressurization. The Code does not provide explicit guidance for the evaluation or mitigation of wear. As well aspropermaintenance,the selectionof suitablematerials for mating wear surfaces and control of contract stresses is necessary during the design process to properly control wear. N-4 INSTALLATION When installed, all tanks having quick-actuating or quick-opening closures should be provided with one or more pressure-indicating devices visible from the operating area and suitable for detecting pressure at the closure. The Manufacturer should provide clear instructions for the installation of the closure itself and any adjustments that are necessary in the field. It is the responsibility of the Manufacturer of the tank to consider the suitability of the closure device to be installed on the tank if that has been supplied by other than the Manufacturer of the tank. An example is adjustment of wedges or clamps. Instructions, preferably including schematics and drawings, should be provided for the installation, adjustment, and checkout of interlocks and warning devices. It is recognized that sometimes pressure tanks with quick-opening closures are used as part of assemblies for air compressors, sandblasting units, and similar self-contained systems. For these units, the Assembler of the equipment is equivalent to the User and as such, should furnish the appropriate safety equipment to protecttheworkers using thepackaged unit.These assemblies should be provided with the necessary instructions for the care, operation, andmaintenance of all components of the assembly. N-5 MAINTENANCE Tanks with quick‐actuating or quick-opening closures are commonly installed in industrial environments subject to dirt, moisture, abrasive materials, etc. These environmental factors are detrimental to safe and reliable operation of mechanical, electrical, and electronic sensors and safety devices. Therefore, the User should establish a suitable cleaning and maintenance interval and a means to verify that the equipment has been properly cleaned and maintained. Specifically, accidents have occurred because gaskets have stuck and have released suddenly when pried open. Many soft gaskets (60–70 Shore A Scale) have a combined shelf life and operating life of as little as 6 months. Aging can change the properties of the gasket material and change the gasket dimensions, impeding its proper function. N-6 INSPECTION It is recommended that the User inspect the completed installation including the pressure gauges before it is permitted to operate. Records of these inspections should be retained.Itis recommended thattheUser establishes and documents a periodic in‐service inspection program and that this program is followed and documented. N-7 TRAINING Many accidents involving closures have occurred because the operators have been unfamiliar with the equipment or its safety features. The greater safety inherentin current designs has sometimes been produced by the use of sophisticatedmechanical, electrical, and electronic control devices. To ensure these features produce the maximum safety, personnel should be properly trained in their operation and maintenance. Note that accidents may occur because fluid remains present in the tank at atmospheric pressure or 2 psig to 3 psig (15 kPa to 20 kPa gauge). When the tank is forced open while under this pressure, injuries may ASME BPVC.XII-2023 352
occur. Such specific accident sources should be guarded against by training and by administrative procedures. It is important that sound-written operating procedures, understandable by the operating personnel and multilingual, if necessary, exist for the closure, and that the operators be trained in the proper use of all interlocks, sensing devices, and manual closure mechanisms. Provision of written operation and maintenance procedures and training of personnel are the responsibility of the User. As part of the training program, testing should be performed to ensure that the trainee understands the material the trainee is trained in. Records should be retained by the User. N-8 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS The User should provide administrative controls over training, cleanliness, operation, periodic inspection, and maintenance of equipment with quick‐actuating or quick-opening closures. Records should be retained by the User. ASME BPVC.XII-2023 353
ENDNOTES 1 Minor attachments are parts of small size [not over 10 mm ( 3 ∕ 8 in.) thick or 80 cm3 (5 in.3 ) volume]that support no load or insignificant load. 2 Pilot casting: any one casting, usually one of the firstfrom a new pattern, poured of the same material and using the identicalfoundryprocedure (rising, gating,pouring, and melting) as the casting itis intendedto represent.Any pilot casting or castings taken to represent a lot and the castings of that lot shall be poured from a heat of metal from which the castings on the current order are poured. 3 Criticalsections:for static castings,the sectionswhere imperfections are usually encountered are abrupt changes in section and at the junctions of risers, gates, or feeders to the casting. For centrifugal castings, critical sections shall be interpreted to be any abrupt changes of section, the circumference for a distance of at least 75 mm (3 in. ) from each end, and one additional circumferential band at least 75 mm (3 in.) wide and including the area of the most severe indication detected by other examination methods. 4 Where applicable for materials listed in Table TM-130.2-1, the impact test temperature may be adjusted in accordance with TM-210.1. 5 Thermal treatments of materials are not intended to include warming to temperatures not exceeding 316°C (600°F), thermal cutting, or welding. 6 Either base metal or weld metal. 7 Applied stress from pressure and nonpressure loadings (see TD-200). 8 Communicating chambers are defined as appurtenances to the vessel, which intersect the shell or heads of a vessel or form an integral part of the pressure‐containing enclosure, e.g., sumps. 9 Itisnotthe intent ofthisparagraph to requiremeasurement of reductions inthicknessdue to theweldingprocess.If a disagreement between the Manufacturer and the Inspector exists as to the acceptability of any reduction in thickness, the depth shall be verified by actual measurement. 10 Concavity due to the welding process on the root side of a single‐welded circumferential butt weld is permitted when the resulting thickness ofthe weld is at least equal to the thickness of the thinner member of the two sections being joined and the contour of the concavity is smooth. 11 Examination shall be by magnetic particle or liquid-penetrant methods when the material is ferromagnetic, or by the liquid-penetrant method when the material is nonmagnetic. 12 See TG-320 and TG-330 for summaries of the responsibilities of the Manufacturer and the duties of the Inspector. 13 Vessel supported damage protection devices shall be designed to withstand and transfer loads to the tank for two distinct purposes and circumstances (a)to withstand the short duration defined incidentload protection for which purpose they are attached to the tank in the first place, while not inducing unacceptable stress into the tank vessel, and (b) to be capable of continuing to withstand and provide protection against collapse due to supporting the weight ofthe fully loaded cargo tank in the aftermath of a defined incident when the intended support devices have ceased to function, in which case the objective is to prevent escape of the tank lading due to damage to protected outlets froma secondary static collapse oftheprotectiondevice andto ensure thatthe tank vesselisnot subjectedto anexcessive concentratedprimary stress due to gravity [e.g., see (b) regarding protectionagainst blockage of safety pressure relief valves]. In condition (a) the high stresses induced in the tank vessel is secondary stress, and in condition (b) the stresses induced in the tank vessel are primary stresses due to pressure and gravity. 14 For application in oxygen service, the use of backing rings requires careful consideration of cleanliness, product drainage, and the choice of materials of construction. 15 The complexity of the work includes factors such as design simplicity versus complexity, the types of materials and welding procedures used, the thickness of materials, the types of nondestructive examinations applied, and whether heat treatments are applied. 16 The size and complexity of the organization includes factors such as the number of employees,the experience level of employes,the number ofCode itemsproduced, andwhether the factorsdefining the complexity ofthework cover a wide or a narrow range. 17 Satisfactory application of this method of examination requires special skills in the techniques involved and in interpreting the results. The requirements specified herein presume application by suitably experienced personnel. ASME BPVC.XII-2023 354
18 Recommended Practice No. SNT‐TC‐1A, “Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing,” ACCP, ASNT Central Certification Program, and CP‐189 are published by the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 19 The Code as currently written provides minimum requirements for construction, and it is recognized to be the responsibility of the designing engineer to determine when the intended service is of a nature that requires supplementary requirements to ensure safety; consequently, the designer should determine when the service warrants that this class of inspection be specified for steel castings of less than 100 mm (4 in.) nominal body thickness. 20 See TG-320 and TG-330 for summaries of the responsibilities of the Manufacturer and the duties of the Inspector. 21 Air or gas ishazardouswhenusedas a testing medium.Itis therefore recommendedthatthe vessel be testedinsuch a manner as to ensurepersonnel safety from a release ofthe total internal energy ofthe vessel. See alsoASMEPCC-2, Article 5.1, Mandatory Appendix III, “Safe Distance Calculations for Pneumatic Pressure Test” and Mandatory Appendix II, “Stored Energy Calculations for Pneumatic Pressure Test.” 22 Cold-stretching processes may alter the metallurgical properties of some austenitic stainless steels and promote detrimental effects from environments such as hydrogen embrittlement. 23 When the flange material is cast iron, particular care should be taken when tightening the bolts to avoid excessive stress that may break the flange. The longitudinal hub stress has been limited to Sf to minimize any cracking of flanges. An attempt should be made to apply no greater torque than is needed to ensure tightness during the hydrostatic test. 24 Loose flanges ofthe type shown in Figure XX-4, sketch (1) are of the split design when it is necessary to installthem after heat treatment of a stainless steel vessel, or when for any reason it is desired to have them completely removable from the nozzle neck or vessel. 25 When internal pressure occurs only during the required pressure test, the design may be based on external pressure, and auxiliary devices such as clamps may be used during the application of the required test pressure. 26 See “Stresses in Large Cylindrical Pressure Vessels on Two Saddle Supports,” p. 959, Pressure Vessels and Piping: Design and Analysis, A Decade of Progress, Volume Two, Published by ASME. 27 See Transactions ASCE, Volume 98–1931 “Design of Large Pipe Lines.” 28 A line of supportis either a stiffening ring meeting the requirements ofthis paragraph or a circumferential line on a head at one‐third the depth of the head from the tangent line. 29 Category numbers are defined in Modal Appendix 1, 1-1.1. 30 When marking a variable CT, the category-specification number is replaced with the words “Variable Category Cargo Tank” (VCCT). See H5.7 for marking of variable category cargo tanks. 31 When the shell and head material specification numbers are the same,they may be combined (Shell/Head Matl.: SA516-70). 32 When minimum shellthicknesses are notthe same for different quadrants, showShell Min. Thickness for top, sides, and bottom. 33 CTMV S/N may be replaced with “Vehicle Identification Number:” (VIN:). 34 If the CT certification plate designates a heating system, it is not necessary to duplicate that information onto the CTMV certification plate. ASME BPVC.XII-2023 355
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ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code AN I N TERN A TIONAL COD E • referenced standards • related standards, reports, and guidelines • conformity assessment programs • conferences, seminars, and other events • learning and development solutions • ASME Press books and journals For additional information and to order: Phone: 1.800.THE.ASME (1.800.843.2763) Email: [email protected] Website: go.asme.org/bpvc 2023 The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) is a globally recognized and trusted source of technical requirements and guidance for the design, construction, and certification of boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclear components. With each new edition, the Code continues to evolve, introducing new technologies and processes to promote safety across pressure equipment applications and disciplines. Developed through a rigorous consensus process and fueled by the foresight of leading industry experts from around the world, the ASME BPVC is an ever-evolving set of standards that meets the needs of a changing world. ASME provides BPVC users with an integrated suite of related offerings, which includes