Volume 1 - April 2023 KEDAH Malaysian Culture Magazine HISTORY SERIES: KEDAH DARUL AMAN Uncovering Malaysia’s Secret Destinations in Kedah Exploring Kedah’s Malay Heritage Food Tradition and Eating Culture History of Kedah before and after 7th Century Traditional Clothing in Kedah With Different Culture And Religion SPECIAL REWARD FOR 50 EARLY BIRD BUYERS!
HISTORY SERIES: KEDAH DARUL AMAN THIS IS KEDAH DARUL AMAN PANTAI CENANG, LANGKAWI UNDERWATERWORLD, LANGKAWI TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 4 PAGE 6 PAGE 10 PAGE 11
ZAHIR MOSQUE, KEDAH BAJU KURUNG KEDAH TRADITIONAL STAYE 4 TYPES OF KETUPAT PALAS LAKSA KEDAH/ LAKSA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 12 PAGE 14 PAGE 20 PAGE 18
HISTORY SERIES: KEDAH DARUL AMAN HISTORY OF KEDAH BEFORE 7TH CENTURY The history of Kedah dates back to ancient times and has been influenced by various empires and kingdoms throughout the centuries. Early Civilization, The region that is now Kedah was once part of the Srivijaya Empire, a powerful maritime kingdom that dominated Southeast Asia from the 7th to the 13th centuries. The empire had a significant influence on the cultural and economic development of Kedah. Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom, In the 12th century, Kedah became an important center of HinduBuddhist civilization. It was known as Langkasuka and was ruled by local kings who maintained close trading ties with neighboring kingdoms, such as the Khmer Empire and the Majapahit Empire. Siamese Influence: In the 14th century, Kedah came under the influence of the Siamese kingdom of Ayutthaya (present-day Thailand). Kedah became a vassal state of Ayutthaya and paid tribute to the Siamese rulers. 4
HISTORY OF KEDAH BEFORE 7TH CENTURY Sultanate of Kedah: In the 17th century, Kedah transformed into a Muslim sultanate. The ruler, Sultan Mudzafar Shah I, converted to Islam and established the Sultanate of Kedah. The sultanate maintained its autonomy but continued to pay tribute to Ayutthaya. European Colonial Powers: Kedah’s strategic location attracted the attention of European colonial powers. In the 18th century, the sultanate faced conflicts with European powers, including the Portuguese and the Dutch, who sought control over the region’s lucrative trade routes. Siamese and British Influence: In the late 18th century, Kedah fell under Siamese control once again. However, in 1821, the Sultan of Kedah signed a treaty with the British East India Company, granting them trading rights and protection. This marked the beginning of British influence in Kedah. British Protectorate: In 1909, Kedah became a British protectorate under the Anglo-Siamese Treaty. The British provided protection to the Sultanate of Kedah in exchange for control over its foreign affairs. Kedah remained under British influence until Malaysia gained independence in 1957. Post-Independence: After Malaysia’s independence, Kedah became one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It has since experienced significant economic growth and development, particularly in agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing. Throughout its history, Kedah has preserved its cultural heritage, including its traditional customs, arts, and crafts. The state continues to be an important agricultural region and a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors with its rich history and natural beauty. all of this painting was taken from Penang Museum historical painting website. 5
The state is famed fo r i ts padi fields and is know n as “the ric e bow l” of the country This is KEDAH darul aman Kedah is a state located in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. It is one of the 13 states of Malaysia and is known as the “Rice Bowl of Malaysia” due to its significant agricultural industry, particularly in rice production. Here are some key facts about Kedah: Kedah has a rich historical and cultural heritage. It was one of the earliest Malay kingdoms and has been influenced by various civilizations throughout history, including the Srivijaya, Majapahit, and Siamese kingdoms. The state is known for its ancient archaeological sites, traditional Malay villages, and vibrant local traditions. Kedah has a rich history dating back to ancient times. It was once an important trading port and was known as a center of Hindu-Buddhist civilization. It has been influenced by various kingdoms and empires, including the Srivijaya Empire, the Majapahit Empire, and the Siamese kingdom of Ayutthaya. 6
The state is famed fo r i ts padi fields and is know n as “the ric e bow l” of the country Culture and Heritage: Kedah is known for its cultural heritage and historical landmarks. The state is home to several ancient temples, including the famous Wat Nikrodharam Buddhist temple and the Wat Charok Padang Hindu temple. The traditional arts and crafts of Kedah, such as songket weaving and wood carving, are also highly regarded. Kedah is also famous for the Langkawi archipelago, agroup of 99 islands located off its western coast. Langkawi is a popular, tourist destination known for its pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and lush rainforests. It is a duty-free island, attracting both local and international visitors. In addition to Langkawi, Kedah offers various other attractions for tourists. Visitors can explore historical sites like the Alor Setar Tower and the Kedah Royal Museum. The Gunung Keriang limestone hill and the Ulu Muda Forest Reserve are also popular spots for nature enthusiasts. Kedah is known for its unique culinary offerings. Traditional dishes include nasi ulam (rice salad), laksa, and various seafood delicacies. The state is also famous for its variety of tropical fruits. Overall, Kedah offers a blend of cultural heritage, natural beauty, and agricultural significance, making it an interesting destination for travelers to explore. 7
WELCOME TO KEDAH start your journey travel with us Kedah, located in the northwest region of Peninsular Malaysia, is known for its rich cultural heritage, beautiful landscapes, and historical sites.
Cenang Beach, also known as Pantai Cenang, is a popular tourist destination located on the island of Langkawi in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. It is one of the most developed and busiest beaches on the island, offering a range of activities, accommodations, and amenities. C e n a n g B e a c h ’ s combination of natural beauty, water sports, dining options, and entertainment make it a popular destination for both local and international travelers visiting Langkawi. Some key features and attractions of Cenang Beach is their beautiful beachscapes. Cenang Beach is renowned for its stunning sandy beach and crystal-clear waters. The beach stretches for approximately 2.5 kilometers and is fringed with palm trees, creating a picturesque tropical setting. Next, they also have Water Sports and Activities. Cenang Beach is a hub for water sports and activities. Visitors can engage in various thrilling activities such as jet skiing, parasailing, banana boat rides, and kayaking. Snorkeling and scuba diving opportunities are also available nearby. The beachfront of Cenang is lined with a diverse array of restaurants, cafes, and bars. Visitors can indulge in a wide range of cuisines, from local Malaysian dishes to international fare. Many establishments offer outdoor seating, allowing guests to enjoy their meals while taking in the beautiful beach views. Additionally, Cenang Beach is known for its vibrant nightlife and shopping scene. The area is filled with souvenir shops, boutiques, and duty-free outlets where visitors can find clothing, accessories, local handicrafts, and more. In the evening, the beachfront comes alive with bars and clubs offering live music, entertainment, and a lively atmosphere. Lastly, Cenang Beach serves as a starting point for island hopping tours around Langkawi. Visitors can embark on boat trips to explore nearby islands, such as Pulau Dayang Bunting, Pulau Singa Besar, and Pulau Beras Basah. These tours offer opportunities for swimming, snorkeling, and enjoying the natural beauty of the surrounding islands. PANTAI CENANG, LANGKAWI UNDERWATER WORLD LANGKAWI 10
UNDERWATER WORLD LANGKAWI Underwater World Langkawi is a popular tourist attraction located in Langkawi, Malaysia. It is one of the largest marine and freshwater aquariums in Southeast Asia and offers visitors a chance to explore the vibrant marine life of the region. The aquarium showcases a diverse range of marine creatures, including over 200 species of fish, sharks, rays, turtles, and various invertebrates. It is home to more than 5,000 aquatic species from both the fresh and saltwater environments. One of the main highlights of Underwater World Langkawi is the 15-meter-long tunnel walkway. Visitors can experience the sensation of being surrounded by water as marine creatures swim above and around them. Underwater World Langkawi is known for its penguin exhibit, which features a walk-in enclosure where visitors can observe and interact with adorable penguins. Also, The aquarium offers regular educational shows and feeding sessions where visitors can learn about different marine species and their behaviors. These shows provide an entertaining and informative experience for both children and adults. The complex includes a shopping area where visitors can browse and purchase a variety of souvenirs, including marine-themed merchandise, clothing, and handicrafts. Langkawi is a duty-free island, so you can enjoy tax-free shopping here. Additionally, Underwater World Langkawi is open daily from 9:30 AM to 6:30 PM. Admission fees apply, and the prices may vary for adults, children, and non-Malaysian visitors. It is recommended to check the official website or contact the aquarium for the most up-to-date information on tickets and operating hours. When visiting Underwater World Langkawi, it’s important to respect the marine life and follow any guidelines provided by the staff to ensure the well-being and conservation of the animals. Enjoy your visit and have a great time exploring the underwater wonders of Langkawi! 11
zahir mosque, kedah surrounding the main structure. The main entrance is adorned with b e a u t i f u l c a l l i g r a p h y and intricate arches. Inside the mosque, you’ll find a serene and spacious prayer hall. The walls are decorated with Quranic verses and intricate Islamic motifs. The use of natural light and stained glass windows creates a peaceful ambiance within prayer hall. Additionally,Zahir Mosque is not only a place of worship but also an important cultural and historical landmark in Kedah. It represents the pride and identity of the local Muslim community and is a symbol of the state’s Islamic heritage. Zahir Mosque is open to visitors outside prayer times, but it’s recommended to check the visiting hours in advance. Modest attire is required, and women are required to cover their heads. Visitors should respect the mosque as a place of worship and adhere to any guidelines provided by the mosque authorities. A visit to Zahir Mosque offers an opportunity to appreciate the architectural beauty, cultural significance, and spiritual atmosphere of this iconic landmark in Alor Setar, Kedah. Zahir Mosque, also known as Masjid Zahir, is an iconic mosque located in Alor Setar, the capital city of Kedah, Malaysia. It is one of the oldest and most beautiful mosques in the country and holds significant cultural and historical importance. Zahir Mosque was constructed in 1912 and is known for its stunning Moorish-inspired architecture. The mosque features a blend of Islamic, Moorish, and Western influences in its design, characterized by its five black domes and intricate floral patterns on the walls. Next, The name “Zahir” means “manifest” or “apparent” in Arabic, and the mosque’s name represents its significance as a symbol of Islamic identity and faith. The design and structure of the mosque reflect the strength and resilience of Islam in Malaysia. Also, Zahir Mosque is situated in the heart of Alor Setar, overlooking the Kedah River. It stands majestically against the city skyline and is easily accessible for visitors. The mosque covers an area of approximately 124,412 square feet and can accommodate up to 5,000 worshippers at a time. It has a main prayer hall, a courtyard, and several smaller domes 12
BAJU KURUNG KEDAH TRADITIONAL STYLE Baju Kurung Kedah is a traditional Malay attire that originated from the state of Kedah, located in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. It is a popular choice of attire for women, especially during formal or festive occasions. The Baju Kurung Kedah is known for its simplicity, elegance, and modesty. It consists of a loose-fitting, long-sleeved blouse and a matching ankle-length skirt. The blouse is typically loose and comfortable, with a buttoned-up front and a round neckline. The sleeves are long and loose, providing ease of movement and comfort in the tropical climate. One unique feature of the Baju Kurung Kedah is the pleated design of the skirt. The skirt is usually made with an A-line silhouette and features pleats at the waist, providing a graceful and flowing appearance. The pleats give the skirt a distinctive look and add a touch of sophistication to the overall outfit. Traditionally, Baju Kurung Kedah was made using handwoven textiles, such as songket or batik, which are intricately designed and showcase the rich cultural heritage of Malaysia. These fabrics are often adorned with traditional motifs and patterns, adding a touch of artistry and cultural significance to the attire. In recent times, Baju Kurung Kedah has evolved to incorporate a variety of fabrics, colors, and designs, allowing for personal expression and creativity. While the traditional colors of Baju Kurung Kedah are usually subdued and earthy tones, modern interpretations may feature vibrant hues and contemporary prints, catering to diverse fashion preferences. Baju Kurung Kedah is not only a symbol of cultural identity but also represents the values of modesty, grace, and tradition. It is worn by women of all ages and is considered a timeless and elegant choice for various 14
BAJU KURUNG KEDAH TRADITIONAL STYLE various occasions, including weddings, religious ceremonies, cultural festivals, and formal events. The Baju Kurung Kedah serves as a testament to the rich heritage and diversity of Malaysian culture, reflecting the fusion of traditional elements with contemporary influences. It continues to be a cherished attire that embodies the grace and beauty of Malay traditions, making it an enduring symbol of cultural pride in Kedah and beyond. 15
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accesso accessories ries 1 Cucuk Sanggul refers to hairpins or hair accessories that are used to secure the sanggul in place. They can be simple or intricately designed to match the outfit. 2 Tepak Sireh is a decorative betel leaf container, often made of silver or other metals. It is typically carried by the bride during weddings and adds a cultural touch to the outfit. 3 Kerongsang is a set of traditional brooches worn on the front of the Kebaya blouse. They are usually made of gold, silver, or other metals and can be intricately designed with gemstones or enamel work. 4 Bangles or bracelets made of gold, silver, or other materials are worn on the wrists to add a touch of elegance. 5 Cincin refers to rings, which are commonly worn on the fingers to complement the overall look. 17
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Pulut hitam (black glutinous rice) is used to make the rice dumpling, giving it a rich, purple color and a slightly nutty flavor. These variations of Ketupat Palas provide different tastes and textures, offering a wider range of options for those who enjoy this traditional Malay delicacy. Whether you prefer the plain version or the ones with fillings or flavors, Ketupat Palas in Kedah is a delightful treat that showcases the culinary heritage of the region. In Kedah, it is also common to find Ketupat Palas with fillings. The fillings can vary, but some popular options include Ketupat Palas filled with serunding, which is spiced, shredded meat (usually beef or chicken). The serunding adds a savory and flavorful element to the rice dumpling. Next, Ketupat Palas filled with grated coconut that has been sweetened with palm sugar or mixed with a pinch of salt. The combination of the sweet coconut and the sticky rice creates a delightful contrast of flavors. Some variations of Ketupat Palas in Kedah incorporate additional flavors into the glutinous rice. Examples the rice is cooked with pandan (screwpine) leaves, which infuse the rice with a fragrant and slightly sweet taste. I n Kedah, there are different types of Ketupat Palas that you can find, each with its own unique characteristics and flavors. Here are some popular variations of Ketupat Palas in Kedah: Plain Ketupat Palas: This is the traditional and most common version of Ketupat Palas found in Kedah. It consists of glutinous rice wrapped in daun palas (palm leaves) and boiled until cooked. The plain Ketupat Palas has a subtle, natural flavor with the aroma of the palm leaves infusing into the rice. 4 types of KETUPAT PALAS Rendang Kedah is typically made with beef as the main ingredient, although variations with chicken or mutton can also be found. The meat is cooked slowly with an array of aromatic spices and herbs, including galangal, lemongrass, turmeric leaves, ginger, garlic, and shallots. The key characteristic of Rendang Kedah is the lengthy cooking process. The meat is simmered in a mixture of coconut milk and the spice paste mentioned above, allowing the flavors to develop and the sauce to thicken. This slow cooking technique results in tender, flavorful meat with a rich and thick sauce. Additionally, Rendang Kedah is known for its bold and complex flavors. It has a combination of savory, sweet, and slightly spicy taste due to the use of various spices and herbs. The slow cooking process allows the flavors to meld together, resulting in a deliciously rich and aromatic dish. 19
Laksa Kedah is a flavorful and aromatic Malaysian noodle dish that originates from the state of Kedah, located in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. It is a beloved local specialty and a must-try for any food enthusiast visiting the region. What sets Laksa Kedah apart from other variations of laksa is its unique blend of flavors and ingredients. The broth is the star of the dish, featuring a rich and creamy base made from a combination of fish, lemongrass, galangal, turmeric, and coconut milk. This creates a fragrant and slightly spicy broth that is deeply satisfying. The dish typically consists of rice noodles, known as laksa noodles, which are thick and flat. These noodles are cooked to perfection and then served in the flavorful broth. The dish is often garnished with various ingredients, such as shredded chicken, prawns, bean sprouts, cucumber, hard-boiled eggs, and fresh herbs like mint or coriander. A squeeze of lime or a dollop of sambal (spicy chili paste) is often added to enhance the flavors further. One distinctive aspect of Laksa Kedah is the use of daun kesum, also known as laksa leaf or Vietnamese mint, which adds a unique citrusy and herbaceous flavor to the dish. This herb is LAKSA KEDAH/ LAKSA UTARA commonly used in Kedah-style laksa and sets it apart from other laksa variations found in different regions of Malaysia. Laksa Kedah is not only a delicious and fulfilling meal but also a representation of the culinary heritage and cultural diversity of Kedah. It showcases the harmonious blend of Malay, Chinese, and Indian influences that make Malaysian cuisine so vibrant and enticing. Whether you’re a local or a visitor, indulging in a bowl of Laksa Kedah is a delightful experience that will tantalize your taste buds and leave you craving for more. So, if you have the opportunity to try this iconic dish, be sure to savor every spoonful and immerse yourself in the flavors of Kedah. 20
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Editor’s Note Dear Readers, Welcome to the latest issue of Kedah Magazine, where we dive deep into the vibrant world of artistic places, food, culture and heritage. As we continue to explore the ever-evolving tapestry of cultural experiences, we are thrilled to present a small number of artistic places, and culture. Our aim are to attract the vacationer explore more the richness of our global heritage and country. In this issue, we have curated a collection of an artistic places that suitable for family or solo vacationer. Start from seaside view, move to underwater world and ending with architecture buildings. Additionally, most of our team members are food hauntings and love to bring you captivating stories and expert insights. They love to explore from the local food scene in bustling cities to uncovering age-old culinary traditions in remote villages, we seek to showcase the rich tapestry of flavors and the human stories behind them. As Kedah Magazine, that refer to “culture Magazine” we believe in the power of culture to transcend borders and foster understanding among diverse communities. We aim to foster inclusivity and promote voices that are often marginalized, amplifying the stories and perspectives that deserve to be heard. Our commitment to representing the richness of human experiences remains unwavering, and we invite you to join us on this journey of exploration and celebration. We hope that this issue of Culture Magazine serves as a source of inspiration, enlightenment, and entertainment. May it ignite your curiosity, challenge your perspectives, and broaden your horizons. Thank you for being a part of our cultural journey. Yours sincerely, [Farah Ain] Editor-in-Chief, Kedah Magazine
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