DUE10012 Topic 1 and 2

Topic 1 DUE 10012
COMMUNICATIVE
❑ Social and Communication Skills
ENGLISH 1
Topic 2
Ayuni Madarina Binti Abdul Rahman
❑ Reading Skills Wan Norlaili Binti Wan Abdul Manan

SYNOPSIS: ENGLISH LANGUAGE UNIT
GENERAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT
CE 1 Focuses on developing students’ speaking
skills to enable them to communicate effectively
and confidently in group discussions and in a
variety of social interactions. It is designed to
provide students with appropriate reading skills
to comprehend a variety of texts. The students
are equipped with effective presentation skills
as a preparation for academic and work
purposes.

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Publisher,” at the address below.

Published by:
Politeknik Hulu Terengganu

Jalan Pengkalan Gawi – Tasik Kenyir,
Kuala Jeneris,
21700 Kuala Berang, Terengganu

Tel: 09-6825555
Fax: 09-6825556
Website: www.pht.edu.my

About Us

Ayuni Madarina binti Abdul Rahman is a Politeknik
Malaysia English lecturer. Universiti Teknologi Mara,
Shah Alam, awarded her bachelor's and master's
degrees in Education in Teaching English as a Second
Language (TESL). She is currently a PhD candidate at
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin in the English
language studies department. Communication,
blended learning, language development, as well as
teaching and learning styles, are all areas in which
she is passionate.

Wan Norlaili binti Wan Abdul Manan is a lecturer at
General Studies Department, Politeknik Hulu
Terengganu. She obtained a Bachelor of Education in
Teaching of English as a Second Language (2010) from
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and a Diploma in TESL
from Kolej Ugama Sultan Zainal Abidin (2006). This
author has served in the General Studies Department
since October 2010 until now.

PREFACE

The first edition of Communicative
English 1 handbook created purposely
to gather teaching and learning
materials for DUE10012 Communicative
English 1.

This course is compulsory for all
Semester One students in Politeknik
Malaysia. It is designed in compliance
with the English syllabus of polytechnics
in Malaysia.

It is our biggest hope that it will be
useful for all Semester 1 students who
are pursuing their diploma in various
courses and will benefit those who wish
to improve their communicative skills.

Ayuni Madarina Abdul Rahman
Wan Norlaili Wan Abdul Manan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

About Us 6-27
Preface

TOPIC 1
Social and Communication Skills

TOPIC 2 28-67
Reading Skills

References

TOPIC 1
SOCIAL AND COMMUNICATION

SKILLS

CLO 1:
Participate in a discussion using effective
communication and social skills to reach
an amicable conclusion by
accommodating differing views and
opinions
Assessment:
Group Discussion– 20%

7

Share ideas and information
in group discussions

LISTEN TO AND
COMPREHEND DISCUSSIONS
AND CONVERSATIONS

Group Discussion is group communication in
sharing ideas and exchanging information on a
common topic.

GIVE SUGGESTIONS AND MAKE
COUNTER SUGGESTIONS

MAKING SUGGESTIONS
Polite
One issue at a time
Do not apologize

Phrases in making a suggestion
❖ Why don’t we go to Paris for vacation next

year?
❖ Have you considered asking your brother

for help? He’d be happy to help.
❖ What about we ask your sister to bake the

chocolate cake?
❖ We could watch movies during the

weekend.

9

AGREE OR DISAGREE TO
SUGGESTIONS
COURTEOUSLY
AGREE

• You correspond to your friends’
suggestion

DISAGREE

• You oppose to the suggestion

10

To express strong agreement

• I strongly agree.
• I agree completely.
• Absolutely!

To express agreement

• I agree with you.
• You are right.
• That is true.

To express partial agreement

• You could be right, but....
• That is true, but.....
• Your suggestion is good, but...

To express strong disagreement

• I disagree completely.
• That’s totally out of the question.
• No, I don’t like this suggestion.

To express disagreement

• I beg to differ.
• I disagree.
• I think it would be better if.....

11

JUSTIFY OPINIONS THROUGH
ELABORATION OF MAIN
POINTS AND SUPPORTING DETAILS

Presenting your ideas in an organize way will
increase the effectiveness of your delivering
your points.
Introduction:

✓ State your opinion/ suggestion
✓ Present main point.
✓ Explain your point, give reason: cause,

effect, solution and example.

12

MAIN POINTS

⚫It is important to find main points when

reading. Main points help readers
remember important information.

⚫The main point of a paragraph tells the

topic of a paragraph. The topic tells
what all or most of the sentences are
about.

SUPPORTING DETAILS

⚫The other sentence in the

paragraph are called supporting
details.

⚫Details describe or explain the

main idea.

13

Read and identify the main
points and supporting details

⚫Good morning everyone. Illegal

motorcycle
racing among youths are the cause
of the
increase of road accidents. These
motorcyclists drive recklessly and
risking the lives of other road users.
From statistics, many accidents happen
when their motorcycles lose control
due to speeding and performing
dangerous stunts. The government
should impose higher fine to the
prevent illegal racing among youths.

14

Good morning everyone. Main
Illegal motorcycle racing point/
among youths are he cause cause
of the increase of road
accidents. Effect

These motorcyclists drive Reason
recklessly and risking the
Solution
lives of other road users.

From statistics, many accidents
happen
when their motorcycles lose
control due to
speeding and performing
dangerous stunts.

The government should
impose higher fine
to the prevent illegal
racing
among youths.

15

Read the paragraph and find the
main idea

The rain forest is home to many creatures.
Monkeys, toucans and macaws live in the
rain forest. Blue Morpho butterflies and
anteaters also live in the rain forest.

16

ASK FOR AND
MAKE
CLARIFICATIONS

Clarification is an explanation or more details
that makes something clear or easier to
understand

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/clarification

Purpose Ensure that the listener’s
understanding of what the
speaker has said is correct

Reassure the speaker that
the listener is interested in
them and trying to
understand what they are
saying

17

Asking for clarifications

⚫Could you clarify that, please?
⚫Are you able to give an (other) example

of that point?

⚫Would you have an illustration of what

you mean?

⚫I’m sorry, but what did you say about ….?
⚫Would you mind saying that again?
⚫What are you trying to say?

18

Making for clarifications

Clarifying one’s point or idea …..

⚫Let me explain that in more detail ….
⚫In other words, ….
⚫Excuse me. I think you must have

misunderstood my point. I meant ….

⚫Let me put it another way ….
⚫No, I don’t mean that. I meant / was

saying…

19

Making for clarifications

Restating your comments/points
⚫So, in other words, …..
⚫Would it be correct to say that

….

⚫So what you’re really saying is…
⚫OK, this means ….

20

MAKE
INTERRUPTIONS
POLITELY

⚫ Why do we need to
interrupt?

PURPOSE To ask questions
To tell someone to be patient
while you think

To express our opinion
To make a suggestion

⚫ Examples;
- Excuse me, I’m sorry to bother you

but I have a quick question.
- Do you have a minute to talk about

banquet set up for this Saturday?
- Excuse me, I couldn’t help

overhearing you both. The pool is on
the fifth floor and when you get off
the elevator it’s to your right.

21

TAKE TURNS SPEAKING
AND ENCOURAGE THE
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
OTHERS

⚫Turn taking is a significant element

of a
conversation.

⚫It is important to take it in turns

when
conversing with someone.

⚫Let them answer your questions

and give them a chance to ask you
one in return if they want to

⚫ Examples;

TO HAVE A TURN TO KEEP A TURN
I have a question Wait a second

22

Make and respond clearly
and politely to enquiries

⚫Making and responding to queries
is one of the basis communication
among people.

MAKING ENQUIRIES RESPONSES

How was your Good. In fact I had a
weekend? very relaxing
weekend.

Where did they They moved to Ipoh,
move to? Perak.

Shall we take a Sure. Let’s go for a
break? drink.

23

USE GESTURES AND FACIAL
EXPRESSIONS TO ENHANCE
MEANING

⚫The human face is extremely
expressive, able to convey countless
emotions without saying a word. And
unlike some forms of nonverbal
communication, facial expressions
are universal.

⚫Non verbal communication is a huge
part of the way we communicate with
others.

24

Gestures

⚫A movement of part of the

body,
especially a hand or the head, to
express an idea or meaning

⚫Gestures illustrate what we are

thinking or feeling.

Facial expressions

⚫A facial expression is one or more

motions or positions of the muscles
beneath the skin of the face.

25

WRAP UP A DISCUSSION
BY ATTEMPTING TO
REACH CONSENSUS

Summarise Be
all the points concise

Closure
argument

⚫ Summarise all the points

The best way to conclude is to summarise all
the points that you have discussed in brief and
present your final take on the subject being
discussed.

⚫ Be concise

Make sure that you don’t drag your conclusion.
Keep it as short as possible and try to mention
the points clearly. Don’t mention any new point
in the conclusion just support what has already
been spoken about.

⚫ Closure argument

Make the closure around the main idea of the
topic and be direct. Don’t beat around the bush.
All your points should build up the conclusion.

26

⚫ The most important thing to remember
about the GD is to not mention any
figures or data unless you are
absolutely sure about its accuracy.

⚫ You should not stay quiet in the GD for
too long. Active participation is of
utmost importance.

⚫ Keep in mind that ending should be
positive, use hand gestures, maintain
eye contact with every candidate and
most important confidence.

27

TOPIC 2
READING SKILLS

CLO & ASSESSMENTS

CLO 2: Demonstrate awareness of values and
opinions embedded in texts on current
issues

Assessments:
• Test – 20%
• Assignment – 30%

Demonstrate
Understanding of Current
Issues / Topics of Interest

LET’S BRAINSTORM!

DEFINITIONS:
CURRENT ISSUES/
TOPIC OF INTEREST

• Something important
• A subject of current conversation
• The issue that has an impact
• Somethingthat interests you
• The latestthings

thatarehappeningaroundyou
• Simply themost talk and controversial

stories

32

EXAMPLES

33

READING SKILLS

34

SKIMMING

• Reading only to identify the main idea
• Reading technique to get the general

idea of a text without reading every
word
Examples:
• Finding information on the topic of
interest
• WebSearch, books, newspapers
• Look only for the information needed

35

HOW TO SCAN

paragraph
.

Read Notice
the any
or
graphs.

36

SCANNING

• Looking for specific fact within the text
• Scanning for a piece of information

without reading the whole text
• Usually arranged either alphabetically,

chronologically, non- alphabetically, by
category, or textually
Examples:
• Locating word in dictionary, Meeting time
in a calendar, football match

37

HOW TO SCAN phrases

Determin
e
specific

by-word

38

WHAT IS MIND MAP?

• A mind map is used to show the
different ideas associated with a
particular concept.

• It is a useful tool for brainstorming.

39

CREATING A MIND MAP

40

MIND MAP HELPS WITH:

Teamwork MIND MAP Creativity
Everyone can Mind Maps are a
participate in creative way to
creating a Mind
Map with all the organize your
ideas being jotted thoughts. Images
down and then and words together
connected. are more engaging

Business to our brains.
Mind Maps are
greatfor projects or Thinking
even just organizing a Research suggests
lot of data.You can that our brains work
download an by connecting one
interesting guide for idea to the nextand
why and how to use the next and the
mind mapping in next, etc. It will help
you see the whole
business.
picture.

41

EXAMPLES OF MIND MAP

42

LISTEN TO AND COMPREHEND
RECORDED AUDIO/ VIDEO/ TEXT ON
CURRENT ISSUES/TOPICS OF INTEREST

• The lecturer will display the related
stimuli

43

WRITING SKILLS

Introduction • Introduces the

topic
• States the thesis
• Outlines the essay

structure

Body • Topic sentence: introduces
Paragraphs
paragraph topic
• Evidence sentences: provide

reasons & evidences
• Concluding sentence: summarizes

paragraph

Conclusion • Repeats the
topic

• Summarizes the essay
structure

• Restates the thesis

44

Example 1

Title: The Hazards of Moviegoing By John
Langan

IN TR O D U C T O RY PAR A G R A PH
( THESIS)

I am a movie fanatic. When friends want to
know what picture won the Oscar in 1980
or who played the police chief in Jaws,
they ask me. My friends, though, have
stopped asking me if I want to go out to
the movies. The problems in getting to
the theatre, the theatre itself, and the
behavior of some patrons are all reasons
why I often wait for a movie to show up
on TV.

46

FIRST SUPPORTING
PARAGRAPH

First of all, just getting to the theatre
presents difficulties. Leaving a home
equipped with a TV and a video recorder
isn't an attractive idea on a humid, cold,
or rainy night. Even if the weather
cooperates, there is still a thirty- minute
drive to the theatre down a congested
highway, followed by the hassle of
looking for a parking space. And then
there are the lines. After hooking yourself
to the end of a human chain, you worry
about whether there will be enough
tickets, whether you will get seats
together, and whether many people will
sneak into the line ahead of you.

47

S E C O N D S UP PO R T IN G
PA R A G RA PH

Once you have made it to the box office and
gotten your tickets, you are confronted with
the problems of the theater itself. If you are in
one of the run-down older theaters, you must
adjust to the musty smell of seldom-cleaned
carpets. Escaped springs lurk in the faded plush
or cracked leather seats, and half the seats you
sit in seem loose or tilted so that you sit at a
strange angle. The newer twin and quad
theaters offer their own problems. Sitting in an
area only one- quarter the size of a regular
theater, moviegoers often have to put up with
the sound of the movie next door. This is
especially jarring when the other movie
involves racing cars or a karate war and you are
trying to enjoy a quiet love story. And whether
the theater is old or new, it will have floors that
seem to be coated with rubber cement. By the
end of a movie, shoes almost have to be pried
off the floor because they have become sealed
to a deadly compound of spilled soda,
hardening bubble gum, and crushed Ju- Jubes.

48

T HI R D S U P P O RT I NG
PA R A G RA PH

Some of the patrons are even more of a
problem than the theatre itself. Little kids
race up and down the aisles, usually in
giggling packs. Teenagers try to impress
their friends by talking back to the screen,
whistling, and making what they consider to
be hilarious noises. Adults act as if they were
at home in their own living rooms and
comment loudly on the ages of the stars or
why movies aren't as good anymore. And
people of all ages crinkle candy wrappers,
stick gum on their seats, and drop popcorn
tubs or cups of crushed ice and soda on the
floor. They also cough and burp, squirm
endlessly in their seats, file out for repeated
trips to the rest rooms or concession stand,
and elbow you out of the armrest on either
side of your seat.

49

C O N C LU DING PA R A G R A PH

After arriving home from the movies one
night, I decided that I was not going to
be a moviegoer anymore. I was tired of
the problems involved in getting to the
movies and dealing with the theater itself
and some of the patrons. The next day I
arranged to have cable TV service
installed in my home. I may now see
movies a bit later than other people, but
I'll be more relaxed watching box office
hits in the comfort of my own living
room.

50