SOLUTION AND RATE OF SOLUBILITY (NOTE)

5.2 Solution and solubility

Solute: Dissolves in Solvent:

A substance that soluble or A liquid that dissolve a
dissolve in a solvent substance (solute)

to form

Solution:

.

A mixture of one or more solutes tlhat dissolved in solvent

5.4 Solution and Solubility

1. What is a solution?

A solution is produced when a substance
dissolved in another substance.

•A solute is the
substance that dissolves.
•A solvent is the
substance that the solute
dissolves in.

Dilute solution, concentrated solution and saturated solution

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The solubility of solutes

➢The solubility is the maximum amount of the
solute that can dissolve in 100 ml of
solvent at a specific temperature.

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Factors affecting the rate of solubility

i.Temperature

The higher the temperature of the solvent, the higher the rate
of dissolving.

Example:
We use hot water to make tea. One
reason for this is that hot water increases
the rate of dissolving of certain substances
in the tea leaves.

Factors affecting the rate of solubility

ii. Rate of stirring

The higher the rate of stirring, the higher the rate of dissolving.

Example:
The faster you stir the soup, the faster the salt
dissolves in it.

Factors affecting the rate of solubility

iii. Size of solute
particles

The smaller the size of the solute particles, the higher the rate of
dissolving.

Example:
Smaller pieces of palm sugar can dissolve in
water faster than a big piece of it.

The factors that influence the solubility rate of substances

Factor Description
Temperature The higher the temperature, the faster
of solvent the solute can dissolve in the solvent

Size of the The smaller the size of the solute, the
solutes faster it can dissolve in the solvent

Rate of Stirring Solutes dissolve more easily if stirred

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5.4 Solution and Solubility

SUSPENSION

1. What is a suspension?
A suspension is a mixture containing insoluble
substances.

2. A suspension can be separated by filtration.
Examples : Muddy water, fruit juices, chocolate
drink, blood

5.4 Solution and Solubility

1. Colloid
A colloid is a mixture of two or more solutes
dispersed evenly in a solvent.

2. Examples: Emulsion milk, yogurt an mayonnaise

5.4 Solution and Solubility

WATER AS A UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

Water is known as universal solvent due to its ability to
dissolve almost all substances.
Water acts as a medium in many chemical
reactions in our body.
Water dissolves and transports many substances
in our body such as digested food and waste
products.
Water dissolves cleaning agents such as soap
powder, dishwasher liquid and toilet cleaner.

Organic solvent

• There are also substances that do not dissolves in water but
dissolve in organic solvent such as ether, benzene and alcohol

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Organic Organic solvent Uses
solvent
Substances that can be
dissolves

Ether Oils, fats, grease to make cosmetics such as
Turpentine Grease, paint, tar lipstick and nail polish
Chloroform
to dilute paint to make it
easier to use

Plastic to stick plastic
substances

Benzene Rubber, grease to stick rubber sheets

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