Man in Malaya

1

Bibliography 139

LEE, D. H. K. Climate and Economic Development in the Tropics, London,

1957.

MACPHERSON, R. K. Tropical Fatigue, University of Queensland Papers,
Vol. 1, 1949, No. 10.

MARKHAM, S. F. Climate and the Energy of Nations, New York, 194.
MILLS, C. A. Climate Makes the Man, New York, 1942.
NEWBURGH, L. H. Physiology of Heat Regulation and Science of Clothing,

Philadelphia, 1949.

PRICE, A. G. White Settlers in the Tropics, New York, 1939.

CHAPTER o

Annual Reports of the Water Departments of the Federation and Singa-
pore.

Annual Reports of the Drainage and Irrigation Department of the Federa-
tion.

BLAUT, J. M. "The Economic Geography of a One-Acre Farm on Singa-

pore Island', M.Y.T.G., Vol. 1, 1953, PP. 37-48.
HASTINGS, A. B. Biology of Water Supply, British Museum (Natural

History), Economic Series, No. 7a, London, 1948.
Institute of Water Engineers, Manual of British Water Supply Practice,

Cambridge, 1950.

LIM, J J. 'Padi-Farming Activities and Rainfall Regimes in Malaya',

M.A. Thesis (Unpublished), University of Malaya, 1954.
United States Yearbook of Agriculture, 1955.

VEAL, T. H. P. The Supply of Water, London, 1950.
WAr1rs, I. E. M. 'Rainfall of Singapore Island', M.Y.T.G., Vol. 7, 1955.

CHAPTER io

Bulletin of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, No. 4, Kuala Lumpur,
1931.

Commonwealth Bureau of Soil Science. Technical Communications Nos.

34» 45, and 46.

CORBET, A. S. Biological Processes in Tropical Soils, London, 1935.

Annual Reports of the Drainage and Irrigation Department, Federation of
Malaya.

Oo1 JIN BEE. 'Mining Landscapes of Kinta', M..T.G., Vol. 4, 1955.

OWEN, G. 'A Provisional Classification of Malayan Soils', The Journal of
Soil Science, Vol. II, No. 1, 1951.

United Nations (ECAFE). Flood Control Series, Nos. 4, 5, and 7.

CHAPTER 1H I

Annual Reports of the Medical Department, Federation of Malaya.
ALLEE, W. C. Principles of Animal Ecology, Philadelphia, 1949.
CASTELLANI, Sir ALDO. Manual of Tropical Medicine, London, 191o.
F.A.O. Report of the Nutrition Committee for South and East Asia, 'Third

Meeting, Bandung, Indonesia, 1953.

FINDLAY, J. D. The Effects of Climate on Cattle and their productivity',

N.A.A.S. Quarterly Reviee, No. 19, 1953, pp. 285-290.

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Bibliography

FIRTH, ROSEMARY. Housekeeping Among Malay Peasants, Monographs on
Social Anthropology, No. 7, London, 1943.

GREEN, R., and MANIKAR, D. S. 'An Epidemic of Typhoid Fever due to

Ice-Cream', Bulletin No. 3, Institute of Medical Research, 1949,
Kuala Lumpur, 1950.
GRIST, D. H. Rice, London, 1955.
GRIST, D. H. 'The Rice Problem', M..T.G., Vol. 5, 1955, pp. 20-25.
HODDER, B. W, 'Some Biogeographical Aspects of Settlement in Malaya',

M..T.G., Vol. 5, 1955.

Institute of Medical Research, Publication No. 25, 1950.
Institute of Medical Research, Report No. 19, 1951.
KHOO OoN TEI. 'A Survey of Skin Diseases in Singapore', Proceedings

of the Alumni Association of Malaya, Vol. 7, No. 1, March, 1954.

LEONG, P. C. and STRAHAN, J. H. "Thiamin Losses due to Washing and

Cooking of Enriched Rice', N..M., Vol. 7, No. 1, 1952, pp. 39-47.

MACDONALD, O. J. S. Small Sewage Disposal Systems (With Special

Reference to the Tropics), London, 1951.
SANDOSHAM, A. A. Malaria in Malai, Singapore, 1945.
SIMPsON, I. A., CHOW, A. Y. and SoH, C. C. 'A Study of the Nutritional

Value of Some Varieties of Malayan Rice', Bulletin of the Institute of
Medical Research, New Series, No. 5, Kuala Lumpur, 1951.
WATSON, Sir MALCOLM. The Prevention of Malaria in the Federated
Malay States, Liverpool, 1911.

WATSON, J. D. Report on the Sewage and Sewage Disposal of Singapore,

London, 1934.

Glossary

alor deep channel or river; kota fort I
api api hollow pool kuala river mouth; con-
atap
colonising mangrove kubang fluence
ayer growth ({vicennia) ladang wallow; mud pool
lalang cultivated clearing
batas roofing thatch of coarse perennial grass
bat palm fronds laut
belukar lopak (lmperata arundi-
bendang water mukim nacea)
bwkit bund or boundary- sea
durian mibong impermanent swamp
dyke to a padi field land subdivision for
dusun hill; rock nipah purposes of land
gelam revenue
secondary jungle or padang palm (Oncosperma
genting scrub pangkalan tigillaria)
gong palm (Nipah fructi-
gunong wet padi field parit cans)
jelapang pasir
eram hill open field
kampong paya wharf
fruit of the durian ditch; open drain
kanan penghulu sand
ketu tree (Durio zibe- permatang permanent swamp
kiri headman
thinus) pulau sandy rise or ridge;
orchard puteh
paper-bark tree gong
sawah island
(Lelaleuca leuca- simpang white; shining; bare
dendron) surau
pass; col rock
tanah rice-field
permatang; sandy tanjong cross-roads
rise or ridge telok private mosque, as

mountain ulu distinct from _

rice-barn raised on mosque of general
posts assembly
earth; soil
rapids promontory
bay; re-entrant bend
village; cluster of of a river
buildings making upper course of a
up a large home- river
stead or a small
hamlet, and in-
cluding the sur-
rounding mixed
gardens

right bank of a river

elder; headman

left bank of a river

e.

Index

Aborigines, 17, 22, 38, 39, 11I D'Albuquerque, 24
Dayaks, 106
Acheen (Acheh), 2 Development plan, 55
Diet, 124-9
Africa, 91, 123 Dindings River, rr3
Disease, 9r see also Health and disease
Agriculture, 22, 51-4, 72, II1, 112, 114, Dutch, 25, 26, 28

115, 116 East Indies, 24, 26
Economic development, 48, 55, 76
see also climate, cocoa, coconuts, fish,
forestry, livestock, oil palm, pepper, population growth and, 5$5-8

pests and diseases, pineapple, rice, Economy, structure of, 48, 49, 26, 85
rubber, tea, vegetables
Elephantiasis, 123
AAlmoerrSictaa,r,8621, ,8978 Emergency, Sr, 68
Endau, 79
Animal life, 15, 16, 60, 70 Erosion, marine, 14

Arabs, 44 soil see Soils
Eurasians, 44 see also Portuguese
Atap, 6o, 61, 63, 63, 98 Europe, 24-31, 44
Australia, 86,
89 Evaporation, 21, 102

1,Baba Chinese, 41 125 Family Planning Association, s7
Bananas, 102, Far East, 25. 53
Federated Malay States, 310, 44
Banjarese, 39, 61 Filariasis, 124, 123
Fish, $5, 69, 70, 121, 126-8
Batu Pahat, 79 Flies, 130, 131
Beaches, raised, 14 Flooding, 16, 79, 113, 114, 132
Fluorine, 108
Bencoolen, 28 Forestry, 55, 113-6
Fraser's Hill, 02
Bengal, Bay of, 27 Fukien, 35

Bentin, 46 Gambier, Ir, 112
Ge0logy, 17, 18, 105
Bentong, nr3
Beras, 126 George Town see Penang

Beri Beri, 127 Gombak River, 8o

Beram River, 16, 30, 123 Gong see Permatang
Betel, 128
Gujarati merchants, 25
Birth control, 57
Hainanese (Hailam), 4t-3
Birth rate see Population, vital statistics Hakka (Kheh), 41-3
Health and disease, 118-34
Bombay, 27 Hokkien, 4r-3
Houses, 14, 56, 60-4, 72, 96--8
Borne0, 14, 39 Humidity, relative, 18, 20, 21, 63, 92, 93,

Boundaries, state, I3, 88 95, 97, 120

Bruas, 113 Income, national, 56, 57, 59
Bugis, 26 India, contacts with, 23, 23
Indian Ocean, 26
Butterworth, 122 Indonesia, 18, 22, 33, 40, 88, 111
Industrial Development Finance Cor-
Cameron Highlands, 54, 93, 93, 12
poration, 55
Cantonese, 4I-3 Industrialisation, 54, 55, 58, 82, 83
Interior valleys, 70, 119
Capital, 55, 56 International Bank Mission, 50, 51, 53,
Carimon, 27
Cassava (Tapioca), 1o2, 112 54, 118
Celebes, 22
Ceylon, 43, 111

China, 15, 23, 24, 26, 33, 35, 37, 43, 45, 61,

6a2, 11

Cholera, 131
Chukai, 77
Chuliahs, 28
Climate, 17-21, 54, 100-3, 120, 122

and mental and physical energy, 91-9

Clothes, 9

Coal, 54
Cocoa, 58

98,Coconuts, 14, 48, 70, 10

Commissioner-Genera, for Southeast

Asia, 89

Communications see Transport

Coromandel coast, 23, 27

Index 43

[poh, 32, 33, 77, 78, 79 Mangrove, 16, 6r, In1. 12, 121
Islam, 24, 25 Market gardening, 58, 72
Mersing, 77
Jakun see Aborigines Minangkabau, 22, 61

Japan, rr1 Mining and minerals see Coal and tin
Java, 22, 26, 57, 74 Monsoons, 19, 20, 27, 79, 129

Johore, 14, 30, 33, 36, 39, 43, 44, 50, 76, Nakawn Range, r •
112, 113
Negri Sembifn,, r6, z±, 30, 36, 39, 43,
Johore Lowlands, 15 61, 70, 103, 112

Karpar, 76, 78 Newbold, 28

Kampong Cherating, 69, 70 New Villages, 63, 71-3 see¢ also Resettle-

Kampong Glam, 7 ment
Kampong Java, 39 New Zealand. 86
Kampong Sungei Alor, 6g Nibong, 6o
Kangany system, 47 Nipah, 63
Kedah, 14, 23, 27, 33, 36, 39, 41, 43, 48,
Nomadism, 38
61, 03, 67, 78, 100, 101, 107, 119, Nutrition see Diet
122, 129
Kedah Plain, 14 Oil Palm, 58
Kelantan, 13, 23, 33, 36, 39, 41, 48, 50, Orang Laut, 27
78, 119, 124, 128, 129, 131
Kelantan Delta, 14

Keppel Harbour, 27 Pacific, 86
Kinta Plain, 1¢
Padi see Rice

Kinta Valley, 43, 112 Pahang, 15, 30, 36, 39, 43, 64, 66, 78, 112,
Klang, 88
Klang River, 8o 113, 123, 131
Pahang River, 16, 66, 79, 113, 123
Klings, 28 Pahang Volcanic Series, 18
Pakistan, 43
Kongsi, 69 Pangkor Treaty, 29
Pasir Panjang, n1
Kata Bharu, 77, 78, 79 Paya Lebar, 1a23
Kota Star, 1oo Peat, 18, 54

Krian, 39, 61, 102 Penang, 6-33, 36, 41, 43, 727, 78, 80, 83,
Kuala Kubu, 113 106, 114, 115, 118, 133
Kuala Lipis, 80
Pepper, 102, I11, 112
Kuala Lumpur, 21, 32, 33, 78, 8o-3$, 88,
93. 106, 110 Perak, 13, 16, 17, 29, 39, 36, 39, 41,43, 44,
$2, 113
Kuala Muda, too
Perak River, 30, 79, 133
Kuala Selangor, $2 Perlis, 17, 22, 33, 36, 41, 48, 78, 100, 101,

Kuala Trengganu, 77, 78, 79 129, 131
Kuantan, 78, 79 Permatang, 14, 64, 65
Kwangsi, 35

Kwang tung, 35

Lalang, 1$ Pests and diseases, 53, 54
Pigs, 127
Land, fragmentation, 52, 70
Malay reservations, 72 Pineapple, 55, 102

Landscape, 13-17 Piracy, 27, 28
Plural society, 84-90
Larut, 28, 29, 45 Pontian Kechil, 113
Laterisation, r7
Layang Layang Kanan, 67 Population, 25$, 26, 28, 32-44, 46, 47, 51,
Layang Layang Kiri, 67 56, 58, 106, 109, 119
Leprosy, 118
age structure, 37, 56
Lev~es, 64, 65, 123
Lipis River, 16 growth, 32-7 see also Economic

Livestock, 127 Development

migration, 13, 23, 26, 31, 33, 34, 35, 45,
46, 47, 58, 121, 122

racial composition, 37-44

Main Range, 13, 16, 39, 46, 47 sex ratio, 35, 36, 40, 4
Majapahit, 27 vital statistics, 33-7

Malacca, 17, 19, 22-6, 28, 30, 31, 33, 36, Ports see Transport

41, 43, 43, 78, 79, 83, 113 Port Dickson, 19, 115
Malacca River, 1r2 Port Swettenham, 76, 78, 115, 118
Portuguese, 23, 24, 25
Malacca Straits, 13, 15, 20, 23, 24, 26, Port Weld, 79
27,29
Position, geographical, 13, 21, 22, 23, 37,
Malaria, 118--12
Malayala, r7 45
Potatoes, 126, 127
Malayan Unity, 87-90 Power, electric, 54
Malay Empire, 24 Prickly heat, 124

Palau Ketam, 61

144 Index

Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford, a7 Sungei Klang see Klang River
Sungei Lembung, 46
Railway see Transport Sungei Manik Irrigation Scheme, 16
Sungei Merbok, 122
Rainfall, 18, 19, 20, 21, 63, 100, 101, 102, Swamp, 14, 16, 1132, 122

103, 108, 110, 112, 114, 120 Sweating, 94, 95, 96, 99

Resettlement, 41, 68, 71, 72, 73, 75, 1334 Tamils, 43

see also New Villages and Emergency Tanjong Karang Irrigation Scheme, 52
Tapioca see Cassava
Rice, cultivation, 18, 19, 33, 48-54, 58,
Tea, 112
100-3, 124, 125
Telok Anson, 79
food, 125, 126
milling, 55 Temerloh, 113
varieties, 21, 53
Temperature, 18, 20, 21, 92-9, 110, 120,
Rice Production Committee, 53
Rivers see Transport 133
Roads see Transport
Rubber, cultivation, 18, 21, 32, 46, 47, 50, Terracing, 115

5$3, 102, 112 Thailand (Siam), 28, 19, 44

manufactures, 55 Tidal ranges, n15
milling, 55
plantations, 47, 58, 84 Tiechiu, 41, 43, 43
replanting, 5o Ti, 17, 21
smallholdings, 47, 58, 70
mseitntlienmg eonft,s4,56,84,86,949, 50, 113, 113, 115
Sago Palm, 62 smelting, 55
amsans, 28
Sanitation, 131, 133, 133 Tokai, 63
Sarawak, 106, 120
Trade, foreign, 23, 23, 34 •
Selangor, 13, 17, 23, 30, 36, 41, 4, 44,
68, 78, 88 Trans-Perak Irrigation Scheme, 52
Transport, air, 123
Selangor River, 113
Semai-Temiar see Aborigines ports, 78, 79, 118
Serang see Aborigines railways, 46, 47, 121
Seremban, 7, 80
Shifting cultivation, rr1 rivers, 14, 16, 17, 30
Siam see Thailand
Siamese, 28, 44 roads, 69, 121
Siesta, 99
Silting see Soil Erosion Trengganu, 14, 24, 36, 41, 43, 50, 78, 107,
Simpang Ampat, 63 118, 124
Singapore, 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 50, 31,
Tuberculosis, 123, 124
33, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41-5, 56, 57, 59,
Typhus, scrub, 122
76--80, 83, 86, 89, 90, 93, 95, 96, 97, Typhoid, 131

98, 102, 103, 106, 108, 111, 112, 114, Unfederated Malay States, 44
115, 118, 119, 121-5, 127, 128, 133 United States, 125, 126, 127
Singapore Improvement Trust, 96 Urbanisation, 41, 57, 58, 74-83
Singapore River, 27
Skin infections, 124 Vegetables, 2, 102, 103
Slavery, 28 Vegetation, interference with, 14, 15,
Smallpox, 118
Soils, 17, 18, 21, 103, 110 III, I13, II5, 120, 121
erosion, rro-r7 kampong, 14
South China Sea, 15, 16 secondary, r5
South Seas, 60 tropical rain forest, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21

Southeast Asia, 26, 41, 48, 53, 57, 58, 88, Wang Tang8a, 17
89 Water supply, 14, 100-9, 131, 132
Weeds, 55, I11, 115, 116
Spice Islands, 24 Wellesley, Province, 14, 27, 33, 43, 67,
Spices, 128, 129
Squatters see Resettlement 100, 119, 22
Straits Settlements, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, Worms, 118, 130, 131, 133

44, 89, 118 Yaws, 118, 124
Street plans, 79, 80 Yellow fever, 123
Sugar, 126, 127 Yunnan, 13, 22, 26
Sumatra, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27
Sunda Straits, 26

Sungei Gombak see Gombak River

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III
3993234

MAN IN MALAYA

This is an interesting and valuable study of the
people of Singapore and Malaya in relation to their
environment. After a brief survey of the physical
features of Malaya the author explains the present
economic and population pattern of the country,
describing in detail a number of typical com-
munities. He then considers the broader aspects of
the plural society. The second part of the book
concerns climate, water supply, soils and health and

disease as the main factors in man's life in Malaya.

This book will be invaluable for all those requiring
up-to-date information about Malaya. Illustrated
with many maps, diagrams and photographs.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS LTD

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