THE AGENDA WINTER 2017
v0l. 57 no. 3
PIA Journal of Queensland and the Northern Territory
RISING TO THE NEW NORMAL
PUBLIC emerging operation
ART technologies shade
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n this issue
05 06 08
President’s message Sanctioned vs. High school
unsanctioned public art
10 12 14
A beginner’s guide to Emerging digital Smart homes: what’s the
innovation on the Gold technologies point?
Coast
18 20
16
Making planning Adani Carmichael mine: The planning puzzle
innovation the new the facts
normal
24 26
22
Bikes, beer and Leading the public Groundhog Day for
behaviour change transport transition assessing development
in Queensland
28 30
32
Operation shade Q&A with Malcolm Postcards from far, far
Middleton, Queensland North Queensland
Government Architect
Editorial committee: Editor: Cover image: PIA Queensland
Will Back Matthew Leman Courtesy of Maia Communications Advisor:
Julie Brook Cavendish, Dunedin,
David Fagan 2017.
Thomas Gardiner
Rachel Jones
Richard Moore
Linda Tait
John Van As
4 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Image: PIA National Awards 2017 Written by
Todd Rohl MPIA,
President’s message:
PIA President
Normal, what is Normal?
I am not sure what the new normal is. Are will, regardless, drive us forward. these impacts, not just in our urban
you? I can guarantee you that I actually This thought leadership publication, communities, but in our food bowls?
do not even like the word, normal. The prepared by the Planning Institute of • Smart settlements and new
word, to me, normal portrays ordinary, Australia, should be at the forefront of technology – The rise of the digital
sameness, usual, and routine. As planners, our thinking as we consider how places economy and rapid growth in
it is my view, we are none of those. will look in the coming decades and build knowledge economies is anticipated
We are visionaries, leaders, thought future places for people. The publication to have significant impacts on how
provokers and change agents. identified several megatrends and below we function in our communities. How
As we embark on a magazine that asks is a summary of four: are we planning for the dwelling that
questions about raising the bar, setting • Increased urbanisation – Did you becomes more than the home? It is
new visions and considering what is now the office, factory and hotel.
around the corner, I thought, I would take know, that Australia is one of the most I do not have all the answers and I never
this opportunity to reflect on or remind us urbanised countries in the world? In will. But these megatrends are creating
all of trends that will, have the potential, or 2014, 89 percent of Australians, lived the new normal. The Planning Institute
are creating a major shift in how we live, in urban areas. How are we planning of Australia started this conversation and
work and have fun. for that? we should consider these matters in our
In 2015, our publication (and by ‘our’ I • Health and ageing – It is anticipated policy making, to create better future
mean the Planning Institute of Australia), that the number of Australians 65 and places for people. Places that meet their
Journey Towards 50 Million, identified a over will double by 2055. How are we needs. It is time we all made space for
number of key megatrends that will shape planning for the impact on housing, developing options and deliberating on
our future. Trends which will create a new and other services, such as health? these emerging trends, that is of course, if
way. Trends that will require adjustments • Climate change – Coastal settlements you have not already started.
to our approaches to planning, planning and urban fringe areas near bushfire
processes and our thinking. Trends that if hazard zones are predicted to
we don’t stay ahead of and consider now, be vulnerable to climate change
effects. Not to mention, predictions
of increased droughts and flooding
rains. How are we planning for
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 5
Image: Supplied
SANCTIONED VS. Brisbane City Council’s fight against graffiti
UNSANCTIONED and unsanctioned art. While the media
PUBLIC ART: often paints a negative picture of street
art (pun not intended), I decided as part
PERCEPTIONS AND VALUE IN of my thesis to investigate how the people
BRISBANE of Brisbane perceive sanctioned and
unsanctioned public art. This article aims
Written by By taking art out of the gallery and onto to communicate a snapshot of the findings
Maia Cavendish, the streets, public life can be enhanced of this study.
Graduate Planner, and art made more equitable. Even the Defining public art and public space
Cardno briefest review of literature will reveal Step one in researching this area was to
“The public has a right to art. The public the wide range of benefits of providing define the subject matter. The definitions of
needs art, and it is the responsibility of a public art, which include; the potential for public art and public space are contentious
‘self-proclaimed’ artist to realise the public public art to add aesthetic value, educate topics which required a review of literature
needs art, and not to make bourgeois art on important/topical issues, contribute to synthesise a definition for the scope of
for the few and ignore the masses.” to community identity, and boost the the study. Public art is a feature or work
- Keith Haring, 14 October 1978 economy. (often site-specific) produced by a person
Despite this, public art, and particularly who considers themselves to be an artist or
street art, remains a contentious issue in craftsperson, located in a place accessible
the media. This was highlighted earlier to and used by the public. Public space
this year, when the media put a focus on is a place the public has access to, and
use of – regardless of whether the use is
sanctioned or just occurs. A space need
not be outside to be considered public
– an artwork in a private space which can
be viewed from a public space would fall
under this definition of public art.
“Sanctioned” public art is a term describing
art authorised by a Council or another
governmental body and “unsanctioned”
public art is guerrilla art, stickers,
installations, etc. Thanks to Brisbane City
Council’s efforts to encourage art through
policy and development, a quick walk
around the Brisbane CBD delivers an
abundance of sanctioned public art. A
more thorough search is required to find
unsanctioned works.
People value public art… both sanctioned
and unsanctioned
Out of 283 responses recorded during my
6 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Image: Supplied
investigation, it was found that people in the CBD where public art (sanctioned of research undertaken by the author
overwhelmingly appreciate public art. It and/or unsanctioned) was present. for her undergraduate thesis at QUT in
was found that while 50% of all respondents So what now? 2017. If you have questions or would like
placed a high level of value on public art, The absence of unsanctioned public art was a copy of the full results please contact:
85% of respondents placed a high or evident when doing onsite surveys and in [email protected]
moderately high level of value on public taking photos to create the survey. Artists
art. A distinction that stood out, was that have spoken out about the difficulties
an appreciation of art was not necessarily around public space regulation and have
linked to educational attainment, as put forward the need for sanctioned walls
literature suggested, but in fact, had a for street artists in order to combat this.
correlation with respondents’ age. From my study, it appears that the public
Respondents were from a wide range of would support this idea provided there
demographics, with over 90 respondents is some form of regulation whereby it is
from within the built environment or mutually agreed that inappropriate or
design field (including planners, architects, offensive artworks can be removed.
designers, and academics within the This study showed that people take
field). Of the respondents who put built both sanctioned and unsanctioned
environment or design as their occupation, public art seriously, and so should
96.67% stated that they believed Brisbane planners. But are we all talk and
should have more public art. If you are no action? We do make efforts to
reading this and took part – thank you! facilitate sanctioned public art, but
Art within space people want more. With regard to
Placing images of public art within a unsanctioned art, the idea the media
space, even if only two-dimensionally, portrays that it is unpopular and
enabled people to put aside preconceived unwanted is not entirely well founded.
ideas about public art. Testing a simple
visual preference question about whether This article provides a brief summary
people preferred places in the CBD with
or without public art was revealing. This Image: Supplied
technique aimed to utilise the idea that
public art is successful where it conveys
physical and mental images to elicit a
response. It was found that people prefer
spaces with public art, both sanctioned
and unsanctioned.
Should Brisbane have more public art? Value placed on art versus public art by respondents.
While it is acknowledged that the study had
a small sample size, the major response
from people was a positive; “more public
art”. Interestingly, this response was most
positive in the surveys undertaken onsite
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 7
High Image: NSW Government, 2017
school
Written by
Will Back,
Planner
Australia’s cities are becoming denser, initiative suggests that a denser urban “High-rise schools may seem “
leading to both cosmetic and functional form will change how education services
changes that have implications for how, are provided in the inner city of Brisbane, strange but expect to see more
and in what form, we access community with visions of new schools that are in Australia”
services, including education services. designed to embrace their urban setting
A denser urban form is already changing in the suburbs of South Brisbane and (ABC News, 27 April 2017)
how an increasing proportion of us live Fortitude Valley. The forces underpinning
our lives, affecting previously held norms this change are varied, but seem to “Is that a new school or a
about the type of home we live in (flats, centre on demographic (rising inner city Brisbane high rise?
apartments, semi-detached, row housing populations), social (a greater willingness
or town houses now make up more than for families to live in apartments and
a quarter of Australian housing), the way not transition out of the inner city) and
we move around (car-sharing and rapid- economic (scarcity and cost of inner city
transit), and the food we eat (and how it is land) factors.
delivered to us).
While the shift towards inner city living While it is not at all uncommon to see (Power100, 8 June 2017)
has already had a profound effect on multi-storey hospitals in urban contexts,
many aspects of our lives, there are some and while the presence of super-tall schools” is so remarkable? Is it because it
areas of society that are only now being residential and commercial buildings in focuses our attention on the changes that
restructured in response. inner city Brisbane receives relatively little are occurring in our inner cities as a result
The Queensland Government’s recently attention, the announcement of multi- of densification? Is it seen as a harbinger
announced Advancing Inner City Schools storey schools was met with a flurry of of childhoods that are defined less by
media interest. backyards, demountables, and ovals, and
So, why is the prospect of “sky high more by balconies, multi-purpose media
8 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
rooms, and footpaths? At their core, the In rising to the challenges of this “new Perth anti-school poster
articles test whether the concept of a normal”, Brisbane City Council, the
high-rise school is an urban future that Queensland Government, and the centres being provided within the City
we can accept by touching on something planning profession will need to move Centre and inner city (the celebrated 480
sacred to many Australians: the bucolic beyond portraying the benefits of density Queen Street development includes an
school grounds and the suburban dream. through a simplified cosmopolitan early learning centre on level 5), and land-
Significantly, the vision of high-rise rhetoric of creating places to “live, constrained schools taking advantage of
schools, and the media attention that it work and play” for (mostly) no-children air space to create additional teaching
draws, can distract from the success story households. Instead, a more sophisticated areas or open space for students (the
that makes the schools an urban reality in approach will be required which focuses Mary Place general classroom building at
the first place; namely, the repopulation on providing the social and physical All Hallows’ School rises to a height of five
of inner and middle urban areas. infrastructure that will allow these inner storeys).
Across Australia’s capital cities there is an city areas to flourish for households of Given the interest that the school
increasing acceptance of inner city living all compositions. This includes schools announcement has generated, and
as a viable, and often preferred, lifestyle that are designed to be space efficient the changes that are already underway
choice. In Brisbane’s case, approximately with facilities that are multi-functional in the inner city, perhaps now is the
35,000 new residents made the inner city and which celebrate other social benefits right time to rethink how city planning,
home between 2001 and 2014 leading that come from being within a dense transport planning and community
to an additional 5,000 students joining urban environment. It will also require services planning can work together to
State schools in and around the Brisbane meaningful and continued investment make living in the inner city as enjoyable
City Centre in the past decade (and with in the public realm, the prioritisation of and convenient as it has always been
substantial demand for additional spaces public and passive transport modes over promised to be.
projected over the coming decade). the private motor vehicle, and innovative
What was previously one of Brisbane’s new approaches to everyday services like
great planning challenges – promoting rubbish collection.
the benefits of higher density urban living Of course, the notion of high-rise schools
and pulling people into the inner city ring integrated into an urban setting is not
– has become one of its success stories. unique to inner city Brisbane or Australia,
As such, the new normal for Brisbane and it is perhaps a reflection of our
is no longer the singular challenge relative inexperience with higher density
of managing population growth, and living that the concept has been received,
mounting a convincing argument in favour at least by the media, with a mixture of
of densification, but a commitment to curiosity and concern.
facilitating the cultural shifts, and making Indeed Brisbane has already started rising
the necessary investments, that mark it as to the new normal of high density living as
a permanent and lasting change. evidenced by the proliferation of day care
Image: NSW Government, 2017
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 9
a Beginner’s guide
to Innovation in
the Gold Coast
Image: ANZIP, 2017
Written by Jasmine Divall, The specific part of the corridor I focused The opportunity
Urban and Environmental my proposal on involved the section The next stage of the light rail project
Planning/Science student at between Broadbeach and Miami that is presents an opportunity to renew this
Griffith University and Junior within walking distance to the future light underused space between key precincts,
Planner at Taylor Willis Town rail. Located at the mid-way point of the however, the light rail alone will not
Planners anticipated light rail corridor, this section achieve this. If the planning regulations
is desirable to developers and can offer a are reassessed with a focus on transit-
‘Innovation’ is the latest buzzword in the distinctive urban community in the heart oriented development (TOD), it will
planning industry, but what exactly does of the city. As it stands now, however, the bridge this gap and encourage more
it mean for aspiring urban planners? For corridor has adopted no real movement sustainable and innovative communities.
some, it’s about new and exciting projects, towards innovation or sustainable design, Considering the continuing success of the
for others, the focus is on technological causing issues that could impact the light Southport PDA, it’s clear that following a
advancements. I however, believe it’s rail transformation. similar approach would encourage more
about utilising existing solutions and development. This approach therefore
adapting them to specific situations. The The Issue focuses on revitalising the unsustainable
recent 2017 Young Planners Innovation Being in such a significant strip of the city, spines that currently exist in parts of the
Showcase on the Gold Coast, enabled you would expect development between future light rail corridor, by promoting
Urban Planning students, like myself, to Broadbeach and Miami to be thriving TOD principles.
present and discuss innovative ideas from with mixed-use development and vibrant Although measures are already in place
all perspectives. streetscapes. Instead, old detached to encourage TOD, a stronger push in
My idea in particular, highlighted the dwellings and dual occupancies that the form of a PDA, should be considered
implementation of a Priority Development present an unattractive visual, tend to in order to improve planning provisions
Area (PDA) with a transit-oriented focus, dominate. But why is this the case? Having specific to the Broadbeach-Miami strip.
along the future Light Rail Corridor researched the planning provisions of By combining both a PDA and TOD
(Broadbeach to Coolangatta) of the Gold the area, it is clear that opportunities principles, the area can be transformed
Coast. Although some may contend that to implement any innovative design into a sustainable urban community,
this idea is not new or ground-breaking, techniques are minimal. rather than exist as a ‘dead zone’
the judges recognised innovation in Influenced by small lot sizes, car parking between activity centres. Implementing
applying current planning concepts to restrictions, low-medium density, the following guidelines into the PDA
such a key corridor. setbacks, and site cover provisions, would see this idea become a reality:
innovation in the area is limited to mum- • additional use definitions to promote
dad developers with the capacity to
build a duplex, or large-scale developers innovative design;
that can afford to buy several lots and • 40-70% site coverage;
build high-rise buildings. Whatever the • building heights between 2-10
situation, the current planning provisions
of this particular area seem to create a storeys;
pattern of inefficient land uses that, in my • medium-high density zoning;
opinion, are a missed opportunity for a • maximum car parking (to encourage
transforming city like ours.
alternative transport solutions);
• 24/7 activity on light rail corridor;
• visible green space on buildings,
10 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Image: City of Gold Coast, 2016
such as green walls and greenroofs; liveable communities to exist within apartments along the Light Rail corridor.
• pedestrian priority streets; and walking distance of transit options. Ultimately, this project hopes to create
• separated bicycle lanes connecting More broadly, by renewing the planning an accessible and connected city that is
provisions, we are able to provide for innovative in design.
“to transit stations. the ‘missing middle’ that exists between
detached dwellings and high-rise
a stronger push in the
form of a PDA, should “
be considered in order
to improve the planning
provisions specific to
the Broadbeach-Miami
strip.
To shape these ideas into an innovative Image: Coolangatta, Silva, 2013, https://www.flickr.com/photos/xiquinho/
solution, a joint effort is needed by key
stakeholders. Similar to Stage 1 of the
light rail, a coordinated effort between
the State Government, City of Gold
Coast and GoldLinq is required. More
importantly though, is the necessary
action of community engagement at
every stage of the project.
The outcome
With residents of the Gold Coast driving
the PDA, it is anticipated that distinctive
neighbourhoods, which reflect the
housing, lifestyle and affordability needs
of the city, will be created. The infill
development opportunities created by
this project will also encourage these
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 11
Emerging Digital Written by
Technologies: Catherine
Flemming, Senior
What do they mean for settlement Planner, Cardno
patterns and our role as planners?
Image: Klejonka, 2013, http://connectnigeria.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/AR...jpg
Contemporary cities and regions have been vast selection, and fast delivery”, will It is important to note that opportunities
shaped by cars and transport networks. no doubt challenge some existing retail relating to most digital technologies rely on
The emergence of new digital technologies sectors. high speed internet access, the importance
associated with online services, sensory Nor will we have to go into an office to of which has been recognised by cities
systems, automated vehicles and undertake all our work. The Australian such as Dunedin and Adelaide which are
augmented reality may have a similarly Bureau of Statistics estimates that 44% of seeking to become “Gigatown cities” or
defining role on settlement patterns over the 11.7 million employed people aged 15 cities where residential broadband speeds
the next century and beyond. These years and over accessed the internet for on average exceed 1 GB per second. The
technologies have the potential to disrupt home-based work in the last 3 months. We promise of a data smart city cannot be
current land use patterns and create new are also seeing a rise in the popularity of co- attained if internet speed and reliability are
opportunities in our cities and regions. This working spaces which are used on a flexible inadequate.
article explores the extent to which digital basis by temporary workers. Will digital technologies have no impact on
technologies may affect settlement patterns Automated vehicles and traffic sensory our dependency on geography?
and change how planners work, as it relates systems, with real-time traffic reporting, From another perspective, the internet has
to the broader concept of smart cities. will enable easier commuting from cities been with us for decades and whilst there
Many of the technological advances of to hinterland or peri-urban areas. This has been a slight increase in teleworking,
interest to planners happen in the context may shift patterns of housing demand and it is nowhere near mainstream. Cities
of “smart cities”. The United Nations’ affordability with areas outside the current have strong economic drivers and people
World Cities Report of 2016 references the commuter belt becoming more attractive will always be drawn to physical places
International Telecommunication Union’s to develop for urban purposes. The which provide opportunities to interact
definition of a smart city as “an innovative city Commonwealth’s Smart Cities Plan states with other people. As cited in City Limits
that uses information and communication that “While it may be difficult to predict by Jane-Frances Kelly and Paul Donegan
technologies and other means to improve exactly when we will see widespread use of “across Australia and the world, knowledge-
quality of life, efficiency of urban operation automated cars in our cities, when we do, intensive work that generates high levels
and services, and competitiveness, while the impact is likely to be transformational. of wealth is concentrating in major cities”.
ensuring that it meets the needs of present These technologies will fundamentally The key reasons cited for this trend are that;
and future generations with respect to change how we live and work, as well as knowledge-intensive jobs cluster together,
economic, social, environmental as well as other new innovations that are just over the face-to-face contact still matters, and
cultural aspects”. horizon”. companies seek access to large and deep
Will digital technologies break our Education and healthcare can also be labour pools.
dependency on geography? increasingly undertaken online with Skype, Examples of companies moving into
From some perspectives, digital virtual and augmented reality reducing the cities were recently cited in an article by
technologies are set to break our age old need to visit a physical place for lectures or Harrison Smith in the Australian Financial
dependency on geography or the need healthcare. There are online alternatives Review titled “Techs and City”. The article
to be located in cities. We won’t have to which in some cases can be more effective explored recent decisions by McDonald’s,
go into a shop to buy things as 61% of than the real experience. Telehealth is Caterpillar Machinery, General Electric and
Australia’s population (9.7 million people) also essential for reducing the cost of Marriott International to relocate from their
in 2014 - 2015 purchased goods or services healthcare which is growing unsustainably traditional suburban or office park bases
over the internet. This is set to increase with in all Australian States and Territories. to cities. McDonald’s cited its reason for
the launch of Amazon Australia at the end Universities across Australia are using virtual moving from its corporate campus in Oak
of 2018, which will enable us to purchase a classroom environments, podcasts, Skype, Brook to downtown Chicago as being that
large range of products, including groceries, video conferencing and real-time chat “it needed to be closer not just to workers
clothing, electronics and takeaway food. rooms to assist in learning. who build e-commerce tools but also the
Amazon’s focus on providing “low prices,
12 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Image: Arma, 2015, http://www.largus.fr/images/images/navya_arma14.jpg
customers who use them”. “Digital technologies have “ Digital technologies will also change the way
The importance of cities in economic governments and developers engage with
development is also recognised in the created an unprecedented communities in the preparation of planning
United Nations’ World Cities Report of capability to shop, work, instruments and development projects.
2016 which states “prosperity of nations play and obtain services Community consultation on coordinated
and regions is increasingly dependent on remotely. This heightens projects and development applications will
the economic performance of cities. Large the importance of urban be enhanced through the use of virtual and
cities are associated with higher levels augmented reality to assist in visualising
of productivity and income, given their amenity the existing environment and proposed
central role in innovation and job creation, changes to better inform communities
amidst rapidly increasing economic and consult on policies before they are adopted of potential development impacts. The
technological complexity”. in our State or local planning instruments days of submitting lengthy Environmental
The answer? (e.g. to better understand where capacity Impact Statements may be replaced with
Whilst both perspectives are valid, the future exists in our transport networks to increase a 3D virtual model of a development which
reality may lie somewhere in between the development densities). Virtual Brisbane would enable the community, experts and
two extremes, particularly with regard to is an example of such a model that could decision makers to “virtually walk through”
the strong economic drivers that shape our be used more consistently across the State. a new development proposal and ascertain
cities. Digital technologies have created an Singapore also uses a similar approach to potential impacts. Holographic displays
unprecedented capability to shop, work, test policies before they are codified. These like a 3D expression of Siri are also being
play and obtain services remotely. This 3D models could also be used to automate used by local governments (e.g. Brent,
heightens the importance of urban amenity, some types of development assessment United Kingdom) to assist in responding to
architecture, culture, landscape design that are easy to codify and automate to community queries.
and the creation of beautiful physical create “robo-planners”, enabling planners Conclusion
environments. The Commonwealth’s Smart to apply more time and energy to the Digital technologies are unlikely to result
Cities Plan released in 2016 recognises areas of assessment requiring subjectivity, in transformative changes to settlement
this requirement and states “cities must creativity and judgement. This will enable patterns due to the strong economic
offer lifestyle, culture and amenity. For the parameters for development such as drivers that shape our cities. Cities play
an increasingly mobile labour force, the land use, density, height, site cover, as well a central role in innovation, job creation
liveability of a city can be the determining as more complex considerations such as and the wealth of nations. Smart city
factor between choosing to live in one city impacts of slope, flooding and ecological digital technologies can however provide
over another”. conditions, to be assembled much more planners with tools to assist in making
Changing the role of planners? quickly than is currently possible. Arguably cities more efficient, attractive, equitable
While the impact of digital technologies it is desirable to free town planners from and sustainable. These technologies will
on settlement patterns requires further these tasks so they may focus on building also provide planners with new tools to
research, what is known is that digital cities with high recreational, cultural and consult and engage with local communities,
technologies will assist planners in amenity values. These, after all, are the most assisting in the decision making processes
designing more functional cities and important characteristics of our future cities. of all levels of government. With estimates
change traditional models of community showing that the global smart city market
engagement and consultation. will grow by 14% annually from US$506.8
Digital technologies will enable us to create billion in 2012 to US $1.3 trillion in 2019,
more sophisticated models of our cities and it is important that planners assist in
regions, and give us the ability to test and capturing the full benefits associated with
these emerging technologies in their
communities.
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 13
Image: Lena, 2016 https://www.easyacc.com/media-center/amazon-echo-a-wireless-speaker-or-a-voice-command-device/
Smart homes:
what’s the point? Written by
Dr Yolande
Strengers,
RMIT Centre for
Urban Research
The smart home is characterised by us how things really are. devices can ‘learn’ household preferences
polar extremes: Paradise at one end, and What is a smart home? or link together and ‘talk’ to each other;
Imminent Death at the other. Robotic Most people don’t know what a smart home others don’t.
vacuum cleaners entertain your cat, but is. We’re not surprised. After analysing At the other end of the spectrum are
they can also ‘attack’ your hair if you fall over 220 magazine and industry articles system-installed and ‘connected’ smart
asleep on the floor. Similarly, internet- about smart and automated homes, we’ve homes featuring a range of integrated
enabled baby monitors might give you found that it encompasses a diverse array internet-enabled devices tailored to your
peace-of-mind about your sleeping baby, of ideas and stuff: from a smartphone app household’s wants and needs. This type
but they may also leave you vulnerable to for the light switch, through to centrally of smart home is intended to act on your
hacking, spying, burglars and insults while controlled and automated systems for behalf to take care of a range of domestic
they take a nap. heating, cooling, entertainment, lighting, tasks and desires, being more or less ‘self-
These sorts of extreme stories make it security and more. sufficient’ across a number of different
difficult to figure out why you’d want smart At one end of the spectrum are homes with areas. Smart homes of this ilk are typically
stuff in your home, and who to believe one or more individual devices like smart new-builds or renovations, and often
about the benefits and pitfalls. thermostats, smart locks and doorbells, involve professional assistance and higher
Our research is revealing that amidst robotic vacuum cleaners, in-home cameras costs.
this hype, there is a surprising lack of with footage, smoke and leak detectors, Then there’s everything in between.
claims grounded in people’s everyday and personal home assistants (e.g. Who is smarting up their homes?
experiences with smart homes. Amazon’s ‘Alexa’). Many of these involve The market for domestic robots and smart
Here we provide some clarification on this DIY-jobs with off-the-shelf and increasingly home devices is on the rise. According to
fast-evolving field, and call for assistance affordable tech. They commonly allow you market analyst IHS Markit, helpful robots
from people who live in smart home to tell to control, program or automate devices that clean your floor, windows, pool or
via smartphone apps. Some of these
14 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
home, mow your lawn or cook your dinner, consumer interest is consistently less than Smart home magazines focus on ‘high-
are predicted to grow from 15 million units expected. The main reasons cited for this end’ builds or the latest gizmo rather than
in 2015 to 12 million in 2020. Likewise, are cost, lack of awareness of the value and ordinary people, and popular media tends
eighty million smart home devices, were benefit of smart home technology, and only to report humorous or horrifying
delivered worldwide in 2016 - a 64 percent confusion about how to use it. smart device stories. This leaves us with
increase from 2015. How do smart technologies integrate (or a troubling gap in an important and fast-
The main promoted benefits of the smart not) with household life? evolving field, anticipated to be the new
home found in our content analysis were Much of what we know about what happens normal.
greater control, comfort, convenience, in smart homes comes from media reports, If you live in a smart home or use some
security, entertainment and energy which commonly emphasise what’s gone smart devices, we’d love to hear from you
efficiency possibilities. Some people with wrong. For example, the Amazon Alexa as part of our research project. Please
disabilities or limited mobility are also home ‘assistant’ responds to householder contact Yolande Strengers and/or Larissa
turning to the smart home for automated questions via voice commands including Nicholls on [email protected].
assistance. ordering and making purchases online. au or [email protected].
“greater control, comfort,“ It was widely reported when a small child’s Yolande is a Senior Research Fellow in
convenience, security, attempt to play ‘dollhouse’ with Alexa the Centre for Urban Research, where she
entertainment and energy resulted in the device ordering a dollhouse co-leads the Beyond Behaviour Change
efficiency to be delivered to the home. What’s more, research program.
when the incident was reported on TV, the This article was first published in Planning
statement ‘Alexa, order me a dollhouse’ News (Vic) in June 2017 and is republished
was broadcast into homes, and Alexas with permission.
around the country ordered dollhouses for
their own homes due to a default setting
enabling voice-command purchasing.
Smart home articles also promote a vision While amusing and alarming, these stories
of the smart home as a pathway towards don’t tell us much about how smart homes
more accessible luxury, or ‘pleasance’. are working out for most people who are
This involves aesthetic experiences in the living in them.
home, such as mood-related ‘scenes’ for People who live in smart homes
lighting and audio that help you relax, Our research is interested in people who
entertain people, host a party, or go to live in smart homes, or use smart home
sleep. devices. With so much written and talked
Despite impressive numbers, many in about in this space, it’s remarkable how
the industry lament that the smart home little we hear from those who are adopting
hasn’t taken off as anticipated. Growth and and embracing this technology.
Image adapted from: Giesbrecht, 2011 https://www.flickr.com/photos/naturegeak/
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 15
Making planning
innovation the
new normal:
the DILGP Innovation and
Improvement Fund
Written by Shane Spargo MPIA, Project spectrum of councils across the state, A full list of approved projects is
Manager, Department of Infrastructure, and a diverse range of small to large available at http://www.dilgp.qld.gov.au/
Local Government and Planning projects. innovation-fund. Some of the projects
Launched by the Deputy Premier in This diversity recognised that what that are summarised below.
March as a key plank of the planning what may be a significant improvement Logan City Council – Planning enquiry
reform program, the local government for one council may already be in place tool – activity & location (PETAL)
Innovation and Improvement Fund for another – all improvements were Design, develop and implement an
challenged councils to ‘raise the bar’ valued and will cumulatively deliver an online, spatially enabled enquiry
in planning, and will enable them to improved system across Queensland. tool to allow customers to easily and
capitalise on the benefits of the Planning This is evident in the number of conveniently access information. The
Act 2016. technology-based projects that will tool will make it easier for them to make
The $4.5 million fund was established to enable smaller councils to test the better decisions by providing accessible
provide the opportunity for all councils potential of web-based applications that and contextualised information from the
to look at how they can innovate and can manage mapping-based planning Logan Planning Scheme 2015.
improve their planning systems and issues (such as site planning information, Sunshine Coast Regional Council –
practices. This financial assistance will flooding and storm tide hazard). Others Development application visualisation
enable new and improved ways of saw an opportunity for incremental add- and alerts
delivering planning. ons to their online DA systems that will The project will provide a more
Round 1 bring about substantial improvements in accessible way for the community to be
In the 10-week round from March to May, customer engagement and development informed of and explore development
the majority of Queensland’s councils assessment processes. applications on the Sunshine Coast. It will
accepted the challenge and took the The planning innovation challenge allow users on any device connected to
opportunity to examine their practices Round 1 of the fund presented an the internet to navigate, visualise, track
and systems, and identify improvements opportunity for many councils to and be alerted to applications or search
in the way they ‘do planning’. Despite the overcome challenges and implement criteria in addition to the current features
resource and time pressures of readying projects that will make substantial provided by traditional DA tracking
themselves for the commencement of improvements to their planning systems, systems.
the new Act, local governments answered bringing them up to the bar that they Hinchinbrook Shire Council –
the call with 53% of councils submitting have set themselves based on volume of Hinchinbrook flood zone web app
applications for project funding. And as applications, and their desire to engage Development of a web application that
the fund intended, interest spanned the better with their communities. utilises council’s existing flood data assets
For others, the fund was an opportunity to simply and clearly communicate:
to conceive and develop an idea into • the flood hazard categories that
a new project that could genuinely
innovate how they deliver planning for apply to the land, based on the
their communities. overlay mapping;
This highly successful first round is set to • for the hazard category,
acquit $2.55M in funding for projects that development that:
will benefit planning in 40 councils.
- council encourages
- would be considered by
council
- council would prefer not to
16 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Image: Liu, 2013, https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexliu1711/
see; and to reports, clients, home or office. and
• development requirements, such as The land use screen will involve • link outs to relevant sections of the
infographics and short videos explaining
maximum filling extents or minimum land use opportunities and concepts. CairnsPlan 2016.
floor levels for development on the Cairns Regional Council – CairnsPlan Innovation to improvement in round 2
land. 2016 site specific property report As we approach round 2, the new normal
Mackay Regional Council – Point and Utilising the existing CairnsPlan 2016 of the Planning Act is here.
plan mobile application interactive mapping system, the project The challenge will once again be set for
A new mobile application that will bring will deliver automatically generated site- councils to explore and deliver planning
real-time planning data to the person specific property reports. innovation and improvement projects
on the street. Council customers, the The site specific property report will that will contribute to creating a better
community and property professionals include: planning system for all Queenslanders.
will have the ability to stand in front of • general property descriptions and The list of approved round 1 projects will
their house, their land or their prospective inspire councils to take up the challenge.
investment and their smart phone does information; Information regarding the fund is
the rest. • maps of the property showing available. on the department’s website
GPS-enabled, the app will allow multi- at www.dilgp.qld.gov.au/innovation-fund
screen data extraction, save-to-favourites location and applicable zones,
or send-to-email functionality so users local plans, overlays and LGIP
can apply the information collected later information;
• link outs to other relevant websites
(e.g. DA online, state DA mapping);
Image: Liu, 2013, https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexliu1711/
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 17
Adani Written by Julie
Brook MPIA,
Carmichael Mine:
Senior Planner,
the facts Mackay Regional
Council
News about the Carmichael mine project is prolific, but the details are complex and 240kms due west of
often not reported. The recent high-profile debates on national energy supply and the Moranbah on the
role of renewables adds further complexity to any discussion on fossil fuel industries. It Mackay-Carmichael
is no wonder that plans for Adani’s Carmichael mine are of interest to a wide variety of
Queenslanders, with just as many views on the mine’s future. Here, we present a snapshot Road. The site
of factual information to assist understanding. straddles the
Carmichael River
247,000km2 in an AUd $16.5
elongated north- billion (Location)
south banana shape (Value)
(Size)
- Mining Resources Act 1989 (Qld) (MRA)
- Environmental Protection Act 1992 (Qld) (EPA)
60mtpa (million - State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971 (Qld)
(SDPWO) Environmental Impact statement Approval
metric tonnes per - Environment and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC)
- Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) requiring an Indigenous Land Use
Agreement (ILUA)
annum) - Water Act 2000 (Qld)
(Capacity) (approvals required)
Adani has launched a $1.4m Approved by the Co-
advertising campaign which states ordinator General’s office
that 10,000 jobs will be created and of the Department of State
Development in May 2014
$40bn paid in royalties
(SDPWO Act, EIS Status)
18 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Mine: 1075 (construction)
3800 (operations) Approval upheld by the
Queensland Land Court,
Rail: 1400 (construction) December2015,conditions
given in 2016. This was then
challenged by Judicial Re-
120 (operations)
view which was dismissed
by the Queensland Supreme
(jobs) Court in October 2016
Two appeals are currently before the Federal Court relating to a
(EPA Approval)
previous determination that the mine could proceed under the NTA and
did not require a revised ILUA. Since this time the Federal Government Adani has requested
made changes to the legislation in the Native Title Amendment Bill 2017.
The change means that for an ILUA to be valid not all traditional owner’s a $1b loan from the
agreement is required. This makes Adani’s current ILUA acceptable
Northern Australia
under the NT Act which does not include all 12 traditional owner family Infrastructure Fund
groups’ agreement.
(NT Act and ILUA Approval)
The mine does not need the Abbott to construct their
Point terminal or a new rail line unapproved rail
to Abbott Point to operate or infrastructure to
export. There is already sufficient Abbott Point which
infrastructure in place. would service only
one mine
19 banks have
refused to
finance the
project based
on various
grounds
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 19
The planning
puzzle
Image: Supplied
20 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Written by
Jess Tieppo,
Urban and Social
Planner,
Arup
As planners we tend to recognise and On my recent holiday to Sri Lanka, I felt an “I realised that the “
appreciate the ‘parts of the puzzle’ overwhelming amount of peace in a very society I grew up
that make a city or country function chaotic environment. From the moment in, expected their
cohesively. For example, we care for I landed in Colombo, it was evident that surrounding built
and are passionate about various parts culture and religion formed a crucial environment to act on
of the puzzle that contribute to our day- part of the puzzle and contributed to Sri behalf of their good
to-day life. This is because planning Lankan society in more ways than one.
influences our experience, shapes the Buddhism is the predominant religion will.
way we feel and contributes to the way throughout Sri Lanka.
we move through and around a space. The quality of infrastructure throughout other people’s day-to-day experience.
These ‘parts of the puzzle’ contribute to the country varied significantly. For
our experience in a city. example, places that represented By people caring and looking after one
Personally, I appreciate wide footpaths, government officials were immaculately another, the parts of the puzzle that I
the interface between buildings and kept, heavily guarded by police and army appreciated, such as, wide footpaths, the
streets, the integration of nature and officials. The Prime Minister of Sri Lanka’s interface between buildings and streets,
built form, and healthy living choices home resembled the White House in active and public transport connectivity
through active and public transport Washington. However, across the road dissolved into a want, not a need.
options. from the Prime Minister’s home was a
For planners in Australia, these tangible slum. In other areas, some roads were I realised that the society I grew up
parts of the puzzle are coordinated, well paved, with minimal footpaths (if in, expected their surrounding built
managed, regulated and practiced any) and a large number of the structures environment to act on behalf of their
through policy, legislation and design. appeared to be incomplete. good will. As planners, we can strive to
Planning professionals interpret and Although, this perspective is written positively shape the environment we live,
connect these parts of the puzzle to from a tourist’s point of view, the tour I work and play in. However, it’s important
various statutory and strategic planning was on allowed me to be integrated into we encourage the local community to
documents. In third-world countries such the day-to-day life of Sinhalese people. take part and organically care for our
as Sri Lanka, the parts of the puzzle we For example, we took public buses and natural environment, our neighbours,
appreciate, are carried out in a different trains. To paint a picture, the bus ride our friends and family.
manner. went something like this: we all squished
onto the public bus at 7am. A few of Most of all, it’s important to care for and
the riders were in (what looked like) be kind to the strangers, as they are
business attire, some were in traditional just as important to us as our parents,
sari and sarong, and school children also siblings, best friends and partners.
boarded the bus.
The bus had reached maximum capacity
however whenever the bus stopped,
everyone shuffled to ensure there was
room on the bus for the people waiting
at the next stop. The elderly were given
priority and there was a genuine care for
all riders on the bus. For the next three
hours we bumped along, in the heat and
I observed how happy everyone was - I
felt connected and safe amongst a jam-
packed bus full of strangers.
Image: Supplied Outside the bus, motorbikes, scooters
and cars danced around one another
at intersections. I found it completely
astonishing, that somehow, amongst all
this chaos on the bus and on the street,
the community shared and cared for one
another and positively contributed to
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 21
Bikes, Beer and Image: Supplied
Behaviour change
Written by
Gerard
McCormick,
Village Bike
Background promoting active travel and a shared bike for changing travel behaviour in the city.
Dedicating long hours to a business or a scheme, but every bike is different, every To our surprise, we found Village Bike
career for very little financial reward pales bike tells a story and reflects the character addressed many of these objectives which
into insignificance when compared to of the Gold Coast, as a relaxed and opened the door to platforms of support,
running a not for profit group. Village Bike refreshing destination. We have borrowed incentives and funding through Gold Coast
was established in 2013 on the Gold Coast, and adapted existing ideas, with a twist. City Council. Examples of the Transport
with a simple vision to provide a network Bikes, Bikes, Bikes Strategy vision we could address include:
of recycled bikes on the Gold Coast by the We found no shortage of old bikes. They • smart growth;
2018 Commonwealth Games. With the litter the streets, particularly at the times • connected city;
Games occurring in the next six months, of kerb-side clean-ups. These bikes may • sustainable travel choices;
we may not have fully met our targets, but be rusty, have flat tyres, buckled wheels • Creating livable places;
we have kicked a few goals and created a and missing parts, but one in every 10 is • Boosting walking and cycling;
collaborative space, continually adapting a classic. We find dragsters, choppers, 22 • Changing our travel behavior; and
and responding to changes. inch folding bikes, Malvern Stars and Jack • Preparing for the 2018 Commonwealth
Vision Pesch cycles, and even the occasional steel
The idea isn’t new, but Village Bike is road bike or high end mountain bike that Games.
attempting to repair old bikes, with an aim got in the way of someone’s garage. Once Similarly, the four strategic outcomes of the
of sharing them in a citywide bike scheme. you start looking, you find a lot. If the bikes Gold Coast Cultural Strategy celebrated
The recently announced dockless Gold are seen as still having some value, either the distinctly Gold Coast culture and grass
Coast bike hire scheme may create some as parts, or to repair, they represent real roots opportunities which Village Bike
competition, but ours will be more stylish; money. If you saw $10 on the path, would promotes every day. This opened the door
the repair, reuse, re-purpose and recycling you pick it up? What if it was a lazy $100? in 2017 to a grant from the Mayor, to run
of bikes; treating bikes as a resource; Strategic friends our second Annual Gold Coast Classic Bike
making something from nothing, and The Gold Coast Transport Strategy 2031 Show at Burleigh. Following our inaugural
in doing so, creating a business venture sets up the vision, objectives and themes event in 2016, we ran another successful
that is financially sustainable. We are show in July, with Bike Show and Shine,
Swap meet, live bands and of course, food
22 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Image: Supplied Image: Supplied
and cold beer. We aim to make this an we labled up the beer, which created staff members to ride to work.
annual event, celebrating cycling heritage, another interesting story at our events, and This year we are preparing our third
and the diversity of cycling culture in the a range of quite popular boutique drops. sculpture for the SWELL Sculpture Festival,
city. Our Mexican beer, Cerveza mas Borger which again uses recycled bikes to create a
Beer and other distractions outsold the Corona at the 2016 Classic Bike kinetic work, powered by the wind. Come
The growth of the micro-brewery is only Show. This may have been due to price on down to SWELL at Currumbin from
trailing marginally behind coffee shops as tag of $1 per stubbie during happy hour. 8-15 September to see this piece in action.
a destination and drink of choice for the Borg passed away earlier in 2017, but we It features a wind and pedal powered
masses. We don’t have any baristas in the continue brewing in his honour. pianola. Not for the faint hearted. We are
group, but did have an old steel fixer from Other distractions aligned to the cultural also open every Saturday between 10 and 2
the Gold Coast: Borg, who proved to have strategy include the repurposing of bikes. at Burleigh. www.villagebike.com.au
hidden talents. Borg kept hurting himself This includes old bikes being reconstructed
on power tools every time he came into as other functional items, such as bike racks,
the shed. After we had gone through two or artistic items and sculpture. In 2016
first aid kits, we had to do an intervention we met a key part of our group vision by
to keep Borg safe. He was a skilled home- becoming a registered supplier for Goldoc
brewer, and he soon became chief brewer leading to the Commonwealth Games, by
and self-titled Minister for Entertainment providing their offices at Ashmore with bike
in the shed. To keep things interesting, racks, (made of bikes) to encourage new
Image: Supplied
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 23
Leading the
Public Transport
Transition
Image: Supplied
Written by Global Public Transport Summit from emergent technologies. I believe there “
Trina Kateifides, 15–17 May. The summit brought are two key elements essential for best
Transport Planner, together practitioners from the practice planning, that I will endeavour
Department of Transport and Main transport industry, including planners, to embrace in my career and wanted
Roads engineers, infrastructure and service to share. These are “customers” and
With trepidation and excitement I providers, technological companies “environment”. To convey this, I’ll also
stepped off the plane in Montreal, and government representatives. refer to some projects presented at the
Canada, eager to learn how the transport Prestigious international transport summit that clearly explained these two
sector was leading the rise to the new practitioners presented their work and elements.
normal. Armed with my passport and a innovative sustainable urban transport Customers
winter coat, I was ready to attend my first solutions relating to the Summit theme Without people or customers, what
UITP Global Public Transport Summit. ‘Lead the Transition’. Topics discussed are we planning for? At the summit I
The summit was hosted by UITP, the encompassed eight areas: watched two organisations present their
International Association of Public • service excellence; working examples, where in my opinion,
Transport, ‘working to enhance quality • decarbonisation; they have put customers’ needs first, by
of life and economic well-being by • governance, planning, funding; planning for inclusive public transport in
supporting and promoting sustainable • digitalisation; urban areas. These were Public Transport
transport in urban areas worldwide’ • mobility as a service and combined Victoria and Auckland Transport.
(UITP, 2017). I was privileged to attend
as one of the two recipients of the 2017 mobility; “Without people or customers,
Transit Australia Group Young Transport • bus; what are we planning for?
Professional Bursary. • rail; and
UITP Australia New Zealand (ANZ) • innovation. Public Transport Victoria is delivering
held a competition for young transport As a transport planner with a passion inclusive programs to ensure their
professionals in the region to attend the for sustainability, I selected and customers feel comfortable when using
Summit, assessed by a panel of senior attended summit sessions with a the public transport network. These are:
industry reviewers. focus on planning for inclusivity and 1. Travelling in the shoes of others –
Over 2,500 congress delegates from environmental innovation supporting
over 84 countries attended the UITP healthy and connected communities. employees who plan and design the
The integration of transport networks public transport infrastructure and
and land use planning is vital to keep systems, experience how customers
cities moving, enabling people to access with disabilities use public transport;
services, employment, and recreation providing employees with a greater
opportunities. understanding and appreciation
While developing my presentation for of who they are providing services
the UITP Young Transport Professionals for and how service delivery can be
Seminar, I reflected on my summit improved; and
experience and what I believed the 2. Try before you ride – allows future
transport sector is doing to prepare
for the new normal, in this fast-
paced world with changing customer
expectations and boundary-pushing
24 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
public transport (PT) customers Making transport sector changes that being observed, from reduced noise and
to try out the PT system when not positively impact the natural environment air pollution, to increased bike usage.
in operation. This is beneficial for needs organisations with: My final reflection is, if planners want
people with disabilities, elderly, new • environmental motivation to be ahead of the new norm and take
arrivals to the city, who might find it • employee engagement and financial advantage of the opportunities this
daunting to use PT, which could lead brings, we need to encourage, support
to their reduced mobility options. commitment and engage young professionals in the
Auckland Transport has delivered a • willingness to take action field to cultivate diversity of thought.
major public transport network change • sticking with it, as it’s a long race. We need the brightest talent with
this year. As part of this, the Otahuhu My favourite session on urban design enthusiasm, ideas and passion to plan
train station in the south of Auckland was encompassed decreasing environmental our new future and drive this exciting
upgraded. The station upgrade allowed pollution and increasing active transport transition. So what will you do?
bus-train transfers for the first time. A presented by Michael Pellot, Director of
review of the bus network services in Research and Development Transports
the area was undertaken in conjunction Metropolitans de Barcelona. Michael
with the upgrade. Auckland Transport shared how Barcelona, Spain took
took the time to understand the needs advantage of its grid system to combat
of the local community, by delivering rising city pollution levels and break
services to places their customers want the dominating vehicle landscape.
to travel to, by connecting residents to ‘Super Blocks’ were implemented,
employment and community facilities which comprised of nine normal city-
in their local area, not just connections sized blocks. In these areas speed limits
to the city centre. Patronage is now are reduced, vehicular through-traffic
growing, reversing the historical long- movements are restricted and limited to
term decline, which is a great outcome. one-way movements, while cyclists and
Environment pedestrian movements are prioritised.
The transport sector is a major contributor Changes were implemented using low-
to greenhouse gas emissions. I’m always cost measures to provide comfortable
eager to learn how we can change this space by using:
through urban design and innovative • pavement markings;
technology solutions. Various summit • colours; and
sessions discussed technical measures • signage.
being taken in Asia to prevent waste, The super block design is being
promote energy efficiencies and adopt implemented across the city benefiting
clean fuels to run public transport. all Barcelonans, no matter their socio-
economic status. Benefits are already
Image: Supplied
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 25
Image: Lenny, 2014, https://www.flickr.com/photos/lennykphotography/
Groundhog Day for Written by
assessing development Dr Chris McGrath1,
in Queensland
Barrister-at-law
Introduction some major. Ultimately, if a proposal is This test was similar to the tests under the
One of the key issues for any planning inconsistent with a planning scheme or previous Local Government (Planning and
system is the test applied in assessing other layers of the planning system, the Environment) Act 1990 (Qld) and Integrated
development applications. greater the inconsistency is, the more Planning Act 1997 (Qld).
Remarkably, Queensland’s new planning difficult it is to gain approval. Two broad principles emerge for assessing
legislation, the Planning Act 2016 (Qld) The old test applications that conflict with relevant
(Planning Act), which commenced on 3 While the Sustainable Planning Act 2009 planning instruments from the decisions of
July 2017, leaves this central issue largely (Qld) (SPA) has been repealed it remains the Court of Appeal4:
undefined. This article aims to clarify what relevant for two reasons. First, it applies • First, identify the grounds which
the test is. to any development application made
As a broad summary, the basic test when under it prior to the new Planning Act might justify the decision despite the
assessing a proposed development in commencing3. Second, it is likely that the conflict; and
Queensland is that: principles established under it will inform • Second, determine their sufficiency to
the test under the Planning Act. do so, having regard to the nature and
extent of the conflict.
• if the proposed development is The general test for approvals of Test under the new Planning Act
consistent with the planning scheme development applications made under the The new Planning Act is ambiguous
and other layers of the planning SPA was provided in s 326 of SPA. The test on the test to be applied to assessing
system such as a regional plan, it is provided that the assessment manager’s development applications that conflict
likely to be approved; and decision “must not conflict” with a relevant with parts of the planning system; however,
planning instrument unless “there are it appears likely that the test will be
• conversely, if a proposed sufficient grounds to justify the decision, interpreted by the courts in a similar way to
development is not consistent with despite the conflict”. the previous legislation.
the planning scheme and other layers “Grounds” was defined in Sch 3 (Dictionary) The Planning Act emphasises a new concept
of the planning system, it is likely to of SPA as “matters of public interest” of “assessment benchmarks” against which
be refused unless there are sufficient but “does not include the personal development is to be assessed. These are
reasons to justify it2. circumstances of an applicant, owner or stated in what the Act calls “categorising
interested party.” instruments”, which is an abstract term, but
Planning schemes are typically complex in simple terms, it means the documents
documents and a proposal can be
inconsistent in many ways, some minor,
26 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Image: Denver Post 2017, http://www.denverpost.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/groundhog_day_001.jpg
1 Dr Chris McGrath is a Brisbane barrister. See http://www.envlaw.com.au
2 There are exceptions to this general proposition. For instance, development that is identified as “prohibited development” cannot even be applied for so no grounds or reasons will be able to justify it.
3 Due to the transitional provisions in s 288 of the Planning Act.
4 See Woolworths Ltd v Maryborough City Council (No 2) [2006] 1 Qd R 273; [2005] 4 QCA 262 at [25] and [55] and related cases.
that comprise the layers of the planning with the planning scheme or other the planning system. A proposal can be
system, including the regulations, regional relevant categorising instruments, and inconsistent in many ways, some minor,
plans and planning schemes. which cannot be made consistent by some major. Ultimately, the greater an
Section 60 of the Planning Act provides imposing conditions, will be refused inconsistency is, the more difficult it is to
the new tests for approvals (building on unless for: gain approval.
the definitions of “code assessment” and • code assessment – despite the The new language of the Planning Act
“impact assessment” in s 45), relevantly: inconsistency with some assessment does not change this central issue. Hence,
• Code assessment “must” be approved benchmarks, sufficient reasons the approach taken by the Court of Appeal
are found elsewhere within the is likely to reflect the old approach in
“to the extent the development categorising instruments or matters substance.
complies with all of the assessment prescribed by regulation for the Adapting the Court of Appeal’s past
benchmarks for the development”. development to justify approval; and approach, what is required when assessing
• No clear test is stated where code • impact assessment – sufficient applications that conflict with parts of the
assessable development does not reasons are found elsewhere within planning system is:
comply with some of the assessment the categorising instruments, matters • First, identify any parts of the
benchmarks and compliance cannot prescribed by regulation or “any
be achieved through conditions. other relevant matter” (e.g. a planning categorising instruments, matters
Section 60(2)(b) says merely that such need) to justify the approval despite prescribed by regulation and, for
development “may” still be approved. the inconsistency. impact assessment, “any other
Section 45(3) limits the scope of what The term “relevant matter” used in the relevant matter” (e.g. planning
can be considered to the relevant definition of impact assessment in s need) for the development which
assessment benchmarks and any 45(5) is not itself defined in the Planning might justify the decision despite the
matters prescribed by regulation. Act. According to ordinary principles conflict; and
• No clear test for the assessment of of administrative law and statutory • Second, determine their sufficiency to
“impact assessment” is stated in s 60, construction what is a “relevant matter” is do so having regard to the nature and
although it is clear from the definition informed by the objects of the Act and the extent of the conflict.
in s 45(5) that the assessment must be language and context of s 45(5), including Conclusion
carried out against the assessment the examples given of, e.g., “planning In summary, the old and the new tests
benchmarks, matters prescribed by need”. A person’s personal circumstances, for assessing development applications
regulation, and “any other relevant financial or otherwise, are expressly stated are likely to be essentially the same in
matter”. to be irrelevant. practice. Assessing the nature and extent
While the tests to be applied under s 60 for While the explanatory notes to the Planning of any conflict is a yardstick that cannot
code assessable development that does not Bill 2015 made it clear that the new be avoided when weighing up whether to
comply with some assessment benchmarks language used in the tests for assessing approve an application that conflicts with
and impact assessable development have code and impact assessable development parts of the planning system.
effectively been left to the Court of Appeal is intended to impose different tests to the It seems to be Groundhog Day for this part
to determine, it appears likely that the previous legislation and move away from of planning law in Queensland.
tests will be very similar in practice to the the “sufficient grounds” test, this glosses
previous legislation: over a central issue that will prevent major
• Code or impact assessable change at the heart of this test.
development that is consistent with The central issue that will draw the Court
the planning scheme and other of Appeal to apply a similar approach as
relevant categorising instruments, it has previously applied, is that assessing
or which can be made consistent the nature and extent of the inconsistency
by imposing conditions, is almost is critical in the weighing up process when
certain to be approved (subject to deciding whether to approve an application
conditions). despite inconsistency with relevant parts of
• Code or impact assessable
development that is not consistent
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 27
OPERATION
SHADE
Image: Supplied
provides cooling to the immediate area, “ demonstrating the “
assisting in reducing the urban heat island
Written by Jack Priestley MPIA, Planner, effect, while also revitalising the street. effectiveness that alternative
MasterPlan NT Walkable, vibrant and active streets streetscapes can have on
Darwin CBD is hosting a series are critical to a successful CBD. High cooling the city
of temporary pop-up projects to temperatures in Darwin can discourage
demonstrate the value of shade and active transport and pedestrian activity, well-vegetated streetscapes is a key
vegetation in the built environment. The and create a culture of driving. The reliance educational goal of the project.
pop-up features plantings and shade, on the private car self-perpetuates the
seating, fans and lighting. The installation priority of infrastructure types and is a The project is an initiative of the Property
challenging attitude to change. The pop- Council NT Division’s Environmental
up project seeks to change this mentality, Committee and supported by partners
by demonstrating the effectiveness that and sponsors. It is intended there will be
alternative streetscapes can have in three locations that host the temporary
cooling the city and revitalising businesses. installation within the Darwin CBD. The
Changing public and authority attitudes locations are selected by the committee in
to realise the benefit of substituting areas that can benefit most dramatically.
on-street car parking and private car
priority for pedestrian and cyclist friendly,
Image: Supplied
28 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
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QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 29
Q&a WITH
malcolm
middleton
What does urban design mean for the average person on the street and why should they care?
People should care because the quality of cities directly relates to quality of life: safety, delight,
amenity, pride, function are all part of a quality urban design agenda. The quality of their suburb,
their community depends on good design.
Malcolm Cities that fail to embrace design excellence will be left behind. None of us wish to see our cities
middleton IS and centres becoming vulnerable and disadvantaged in the global rivalry for investment and talent.
THE qUEENSLAND It is important to ensure our cities and centres are the best they can be. We owe this to the ‘average
GOVERNMENT person on the street’.
ARCHITECT. Is good design really subjective, or is that just an excuse used by developers wanting to cut costs?
mALCOLM IS ALSO Good design is not subjective, taste is. I’d suggest that the evidence has been with us for quite a
THE CHAIR OF THE number of years. Good design isn’t about personal feelings or opinions, it is a methodical, evidence
qUEENSLAND uRBAN based process.
dESIGN AND pLACES A cautionary note to developers who wish to save money by scrimping on good design. To quote
pANEL, AND SITS the Office of the Victorian Government Architect, “good design adds significant value and public
ON A NUMBER OF benefit, driving value for money outcomes, reducing whole-of-life costs, reducing environment
INDUSTRY AND impacts and improving public places for the community”. Poor design, often as a result of poor
INSTITUTIONAL procurement, planning and decision making processes, is always expensive, economically, socially
COMMITTEES. and environmentally in the long term.
What research and investigations have informed the creation of the new urban design trigger?
Urban design has been a part of the State Planning Policy since its inception. More broadly, new
regulations in South Australia, Victoria and NSW are recognising that the current market cycle is
pushing new boundaries, warranting greater oversight of the quality and function of large scale
city defining projects. The principles contained in State code 24 are not unreasonable. In fact,
these principles can be found universally around the world and are based on sound research and
investigation.
With this in mind, we are talking about a state of design – a state of mind – not a single planning
matter. I have found that across my career, insufficient early questioning occurs on most large-scale
projects, to the detriment of the ultimate design outcome.
We want large scale and mixed use developments to be the best they can be. An early conversation
and a second set of eyes will go a long way to ensuring a successful rather than a controversial
outcome when it comes to urban development and renewal. The types of developments that the
new urban design trigger is targeting are those of a significant size and most likely of a nature that
may impact on the community in the long term if we (as a collective) don’t get it right.
30 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
The new urban design trigger has been criticised as ‘unnecessary red tape’. What is your
response to this?
I doubt a community, where great change and significant development is occurring, would see the
consideration of their local area and a quality outcome for their community as ‘red tape’. The term ‘red tape’
also implies there is a problem of over regulation when it comes to urban design.
The challenge is balancing the perception of unnecessary red tape, with the need for built environment
professionals to recognise, respond to and possibly reinforce local community character through good urban
design outcomes. Communities are no longer settling for off the shelf outcomes or tick a box solutions.
I look forward to the day when we do not need to find the right balance for design responsibilities between
the Commonwealth, State and Local Governments. Whilst we wait for this day, where good design is the rule
rather than the exception, it is paramount that all tiers of government, together with the private sector and
peak body groups such as PIA, advance a better design agenda.
I wish to build bridges, to empower local government to be the best cities and councils they can be, by
embracing a strong design culture. This is why the trigger includes the provision for Councils to establish a
gazetted design panel to undertake urban design reviews. For those unable to do this on their own, then my
door is always open and my team is here to help.
The trigger, like the SPP, SEQRP and Local Planning Instruments are regularly reviewed and I look forward “Good design “
to working with all interested parties to ensure a better design agenda is embedded in neighbourhood, isn’t about
regional and state plans and polices. personal
How can we enhance the relationship between planning and architecture? feelings or
Architects dislike planners telling them how to design, planners dislike architects questioning the planning opinions, it is
rationale. It is important that peak body groups such as PIA and AIA work together on a more regular basis. a methodical,
No one profession has design covered and it is important that input and insight occurs between people with
different world views and experiences. evidence
A shared commitment is required between all stakeholders to unlock the potential of both our capital city and based
our regional cities and centres. Poor governance and leadership leads to poor decision making, inefficiencies process.
and underinvestment.
Perhaps it would be useful if PIA and AIA consider joint biannual awards in design excellence and in doing
so devote every second year to further progressing a joint policy position on key urban issues, including the
advancement of a better design agenda. I also refer readers to the annual Carbuncle Awards in the UK for
the worst projects.
How can architecture and urban design influence affordable housing most effectively and what have
been the road blocks to the development of the ‘missing middle’ housing forms?
Good design does not equate to expensive solutions. Innovation in design is often born from having to think
about how to achieve a good design outcome on a limited budget.
The recent Density and Diversity Done Well open ideas competition received 100 design ideas from across
Australia. The best designs tackled a number of important issues including how to increase density whilst
preserving public and private open space, how to create flexible live \ work places or intergenerational
designs that enable people to age in place.
The willingness to embrace new housing types varies greatly across the state, both with the development
industry and local government and is often influenced by regulatory frameworks and consumer preferences.
A logical next step is to work out how these good ideas could be codified and whether current housing
and development codes need to change for some of these designs to be realised. Some developers may
consider the missing middle to be unviable because of economy of scale issues, however, there is, and always
has been an appetite for land owners to explore creative ways to develop their own land holdings. Many
smaller scale development approaches with sound design aspirations can create significant impacts across
a city. Similarly, banks’ and valuers’ risk-averse approval process can restrict housing choice and diversity,
because of a reluctance to embrace innovative and smaller mixed-use forms, a reluctance to do things not
done before. Nevertheless new housing approaches in established communities are needed.
Ideally some demonstration projects will result from this work and will be delivered by both the public and
private sector.
If you could send one message to the urban planners of Australia, what would it be?
Good design (inclusive of planning) is not a tick box exercise and involves collaboration with all of the design
professions.
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 31
postcards FROM...
Far, Far North
Image: View from Green Hill Fort,Thursday Island. Supplied.
Written by Amy Schmidt MPIA, Senior and unique opportunities. We’ve provided are stretched, time is limited and expertise
Planner, Reel Planning two snapshots from some of our recent trips varies, the enormity of the change can be
Thursday Island, Torres Strait & Weipa, to the north of our state, for projects that overwhelming and difficult to comprehend.
Cape York are currently underway to give you a taste of I think it’s something we should be mindful
“Sure, I’ve been to Far North Queensland… the diversity of planning matters and some on in preparing planning instruments - we
Cairns is beautiful.” Yes, but have you been of our favourite things about Far, Far North need to always be mindful of who our users
to Far, Far North Queensland? Queensland. are. It’s not just the big corporates, the large
It might be because of the distance; two My most recent trip to the far, far north of local governments or lawyers who have the
plane trips to remain in Maroons territory, our wonderful state was to Thursday Island capacity and resources to learn, question
where XXXX is still the beer of choice and Weipa, in late July and early August. and challenge the process. It’s also regional
might not be so appealing to some more The purpose of this trip was to give our local communities and local council staff, who
adventurous travellers. Or maybe it’s a fear of government clients a crash course in the new may not necessarily be trained first and
extreme weather conditions, the possibility Planning Act 2016. I had clear instructions: foremost in planning, that are operating in
of sighting the local wildlife that lurk at tell them what they need to know, what the system as well.
the water’s edge, or it just doesn’t sound really matters to their day-to-day operations I always welcome the opportunity to get out
exotic enough? “Where’d you go on your for development assessment and leave out of the big smoke for work, and trips to Far,
holiday?” “Queensland.” “Oh.” Whatever the rest. Simple. Far North Queensland are favourites for me.
the reason, not many Queenslanders can say I prepared and delivered to staff in Torres As I was leaving Thursday Island a regular
they’ve been to Far, Far North Queensland. Shire Council and Weipa Town Authority visitor summed it up well - he proclaimed
We think, no wait, we know, they are missing some quick reference guidelines to as he boarded the boat to Horn Island: “It’s
out on some of the most incredible remote assist in their day-to-day development North Queensland’s best kept secret, don’t
settlements, the bluest of waters and some assessment operations under the new you go tellin’ anyone!”
of the best winter weather this state has to Act. It was something they could refer
offer. to between their busy local government Image: Supplied
At Reel Planning we are lucky enough to roles, of which planning is normally only
work closely with some of our most northern one component of their vast portfolios. As Thursday Island from the air
local government areas, areas that are planning often falls within the regulatory
facing unprecedented planning challenges and asset management divisions of local
governments, it’s often managed by staff
who, in addition to their planning role, are
well-versed in other areas, including animal
control, environmental health and local
government asset management. Something
that became apparent to me on this trip was
the significant impact ongoing changes to
planning legislation can have on some of
these smaller Councils. There is no doubt
there is a raft of information made available
to them to assist with the transition to a
new system, new rules, new terms. But
despite good intentions, when resources
32 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
Queensland
Image: Banana Farm - Mulligan Highway, Lakeland. Supplied.
Written by Kieran Ryan MPIA, Principal including grain, peanuts, rice, sorghum, Image: Supplied
Planner, Reel Planning maize, pawpaw, coffee, passionfruit and
Lakeland Local Area Plan, most recently, bananas. The disease free Perfume Gully, Lakeland
Cook Shire Council environment, the climate, the natural establishing how essential infrastructure
My most recent trip to the far, far north protection from cyclones afforded by the can be planned and delivered to facilitate
was earlier this year as part of a local nearby mountain range along the coast such growth. The challenge is unique, in
planning project for the Town of Lakeland. north of the Daintree River and the high that the growth pressures are primarily a
Named after the late 19th century explorer quality volcanic soils, has seen some result of the recent widespread investment
William Lakeland, the earliest European of the larger banana growers investing in agriculture in this part of Queensland,
population settled following the Palmer in Lakeland as an alternative to more and not development pressures linked to
Goldrush in the late 1800’s. The town was traditional banana growing regions such mining. We’re privileged to play a part in
originally part of the Butcher’s Hill cattle as Tully and Innisfail. This investment and the evolution of Lakeland as a significant
property, which was purchased by Clive expansion has resulted in a significant influx agricultural centre in the far, far north.
Foyster in about 1968. Clive had made his of seasonal workers and has prompted a
fortune in mining and saw the potential major irrigation study to assist in further
of the red soil with visions of establishing expansion of the agricultural industry.
dryland and irrigated grain cropping. Lakeland is also at the crossroads
Unfortunately, a series of unusual weather of the Mulligan Highway (providing
patterns and difficulties transporting access between Cooktown and Cairns)
goods to market on rough unsealed roads and the Peninsula Development Road
meant that Clive’s vision never came to (PDR) providing access to Weipa. The
fruition and the property was divided up PDR is in the process of being sealed
and sold to various families, many of whom all the way to Weipa, with a significant
still own land today. annual commitment from the Federal
Notwithstanding Clive’s initial failure, a Government to this project. By the end
number of crops have been successfully of 2018, there will be less than 200kms to
grown in Lakeland in the years since, seal. Upgrading of the PDR will make the
trip to Weipa quicker and safer and more
accessible for conventional cars, caravans
and grey nomads throughout most of
the year. This project is expected to draw
thousands more tourists to Weipa, all
travelling through Lakeland.
Our task is simple compared to Clive’s;
to investigate residential, commercial,
industrial and recreational growth
opportunities in response to the pressing
housing needs for the permanent
and seasonal workforce. We are also
QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3 33
advertising
Queensland Planner is the journal of the planning profession in Queensland. It is published quarterly in March, June,
September and December. The journal is supplied free to the Planning Institute of Australia’s Queensland members.
Advertising is available at the following rates:
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Advertisements may be provided in TIFF, PNG, JPEG or PDF format. PDF preferred. For more information about
advertising or to make a booking, call Melanie Adam at PIA on (07) 5465 7331 or email [email protected]
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INNOVATIVE, DYNAMIC, CITY OF THE FUTURE
34 QUEENSLAND PLANNER - SPRING 2017 - VOL. 57 NO. 3
next issue | find us online
The next issue of Queensland Planner, Summer 2017, will carry the theme ‘Review’. Contributions which relate to this
theme are welcome and are due by 1 November 2017. We recommend you request our guide to contributing prior to
preparing a contribution.
To view Queensland Planner online:
1. login to your PIA account through the PIA website
2. click ‘Resources’ under the ‘my account’ section (left)
3. A ‘Member Resources’ page will appear - click ‘Resources’ again here
4. Click ‘PIA Journals’
5. Select ‘Queensland Planner’
6. Scroll down to find the relevant issue.
Alternatively, type https://www.planning.org.au/membersresources/queensland-planner into your browser or click the
link we sent you in the eNews.
Note: The views expressed in Queensland Planner are not necessarily the views of the Planning Institute of Australia, the editor,
the editorial committee or contributors’ employers. The Planning Institute of Australia, the editor and editorial committee do not
share information with contributors with is not otherwise publically available. All statements are believed to be true and accurate,
but cannot be guaranteed and no liability will be accepted for any error or omission. Advertisements must comply with relevant
legislation. Responsibility for compliance rests with the person or company submitting the advertisement.
Apology: The print version of Queensland Planner Vol. 57 No. 2 wrongly attributed ‘Port planning reset - priority ports’ to Peter
Silvester. This article was written by Julie Brook, as displayed in the online version of the magazine.
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