eBook - Basic Building Services

IQMAL AIDID BIN ROSLEE 04DKA18F2065 DKA5C
TUAN AINA IZZATI BT TUAN AZALI 04DKA18F2030 DKA5B

Synopsis
Basic building services is a study on the basic concepts and the principles of
the systems in a building. The course emphasizes on the electrical installation
system, fire prevention system, building transportation system, air conditioning
system, maintenance works and demolition works.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN BUILDING
(LIFT)

 Definitions of lifts
- A vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people between floors

(levels, deck) of a building, vessel or other structure.
- Generally powered by electric motor that drive by traction cable and
counterweight systems like a hoist or hydraulic jump.

IMPORTANCE OF LIFTS

 Rapid development : buildings design nowadays built
vertically/higher because of high land cost.

 Basic needs : to bring building users from one level to higher
level in building.

 Comfort needs : working efficienly for office building or large
organization.

 UBBL : building with more than 6 storey must provide lift system.
 Fire requirement : provide fire lift to be used during fire.

LIFT CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO THE
FUNCTION

Trade lift

 Crucial to the good performance to
clients of the building.

 Between 6 – 23 people.
 Speed of elevator 200 – 2000 ft/min
 Examples : offices, shopping mall and

hotels.

Hospital lift High Residential Lift

 Used in hospital & treatment centre.  For high rise residential buildings
 Designed for transporting large carts such as flat, apartment or
condominium.
or furniture.
 Speeds of elevator 100 – 350 ft/min.  Needs regular maintenance because
 Two sides of front and back doors for high frequency of its use everyday or
possibility or vandalism.
loading and unloading facilities.
 Door width between 900 – 1100mm.

Institution lift Store lift

 Used in library, office, classroom or  Used to transport heavy goods but
lecture hall located at high attitudes. depends on types of good
transported.

 Elevator speed 50 – 150 ft/min.
 5000 Ibs normal, load haul 2000 Ibs.
 Usually used in shopping complex,

airports, hotels and warehouse.

• LIFTS OF CARS
- USED SEPFICIALLY TO LIFT A CAR IN
MULTI STOREY CAR PARK OR
SHOWROOM.

NOTES :
• The six types of elevators had to be in the

form of pull (traction) and hydraulics.
• Form of traction is more commonly used for

high velocity.
• Hyfraulic type only used to transport goods

where waiting time is not concerned.

CHARACTERISTIC OF LIFTS

1. Lift needed for the building more than 6 storey.
2. Installation must be in accordance with the regulation in UBBL.
3. Suitable speed 100 – 150ft/min. Too fast will result in nervous breakdown to the

user. If too slow will cause lock of function.

USER REQUIREMENTS:

• good system – quiet equipment, smooth journey, good condition and safe at every moment.
• Waiting time – minimum waiting time at any level,
• Aethetics – button panel clear and easily reached at appropriate level. Complete instruction, Decorative

lighting and comfortable.
• Movement of door – door movement is quiet and fast.

COMPONENTS AND INSTALLATION OF LIFTS

Lift sub- system

Control motion – includes motor, gear, engines, brakes and power supply.
control system – to get control movement of the lift.
Door control – contained motor connecting lift platforms gates and door safety

devices.
Safety control – contain the safety gear, speed controller for the first balance, heat

and lack of power.

TYPICAL TRACTION LIFT DESIGN

LIFT COMPONENTS

Lift car

 Platform where passengers or goods is transported.

 Constructed with steel or iron attached with steel frame.

 Fire resistance.

 Equipment to be provided – door, floor panel indicator button or request, phone,
emergency button, lighting, ventilation and enough emergency supplies.
OPEN LIFT

 Divided into 2 types :

1. Closed Lift (typical type)

2. Open Lift (bubble type)

CLOSED LIFT ( TYPICAL TYPE )

Lift shaft

• Constructed with reinforced concrete.
• To accommodate the loading and fire resistance.
• Size of lift shaft space is determined by the number

user.

Governor

• Usually placed at the top of lift shaft.
• Placed in room equipped with a lifting beam for

maintenance purposes.
• Have electric motor, safety gear, guard rail,

diaphgram motion and gear.

GEARLESS MOTOR MOUNTED
ON THE WALL IN THE LIFT SHAFT

Lift door

o Lift car is equipped with its own door (sliding type)
o Security measure – resist the movement as long as the door is still open.
o Self closing within a certain time frame.
o 2 types of sliding door :
1. Opened automatically when the lift stops at every level.
2. Swing door – will open when the lift stopped at the lobby.

Guard rail

o Work to keep the car and the counterweight.
o Mounted on both sides of the lift shaft which is attached to wheel of the car.
o A safety device to hold the lift from crashing down if the rope break.

Buffer

o To absorb the impact of the lift car when it fell.
o Placed in a room called the lift pit.

Counterweight

1. Load borne by the generator is balanced by the
counterweight.

2. Connected with a wire rope of the elevator car.
3. Function of counterweight:
- To grip the lift car
- Reduce the power of generator

- Reduce the break to stop the car lifts.

SELECTION FACTOR

General Requirements
1. Ultility – The function must be identified whether for commercial, office or hospital.
2. Capacity & number of lifts – depends on the access building pattern and building size.
3. Speed – depends on the number of stops, number of user and transport cost.
4. Type and size lifts gate – depends on the use of function.

Physical Requirements
1. Size of lift shaft – depends on lift cargo capacity.
2. Depth of lift shaft – depends on the speed of the elevator.
3. Area of space in lift – depends on speed of elevator.
4. Mechanical room size – depends on type and size of the lift equipment.

Other Requirements
1. Eletrical panels and power outlets.
2. Ventilation and lighting in engine room.
3. Steps down and power sockets in the wells lift (lift pit)
4. The structure for lifting machinery room.
5. Maintenance work.

LOCATION & LIFT ARRANGEMENT

LIFT ARRANGEMENT
o To ensure there is no interference between passengers who wish to get into the lift.
o Should be carefully palnned so can easily get into lobby and travel distance is

reasonable.
o Maximum travel distance 150 – 200 ft.
o System layout depends on the number of the elevator cars that use the elevator.
o Normally the elevators is set in the layout or zoned.
BENEFIT
o If there is high trafiic, the usage is at optimum level.
o Waiting time will be shorten.

TYPES OF LIFT
Eletric lift
 Common type used today.

 Use electric cable to lift the elevator car with the weight and movement is the catalyst action.
 Use the traction with the motor.
 Used in most building > 60ft

 Motor room on top of lift shaft will increase the load of building structure.
 Possibility of noise structure.

 Need a lift wells and maintenance room near the engine room.

Hydraulic lift

 Use hydraulic principles – moves by the action of steel plunger lift which installed under the car.
 Not suitable for building > 60ft(low rise) – insufficient space of roof rooms too small to put the machinery.

 Transport load not ? 100,000 pound.
 Speed – not > 200ft/min.

 Installation does not increase the building structures because lifting weight is not used.
 Machinery room located at ground floor.
 Shaft area is smaller than electric lift.

Handicapped Lift

1. For people with disability who use wheelchair.
2. Or with disabilities who are unable to use ordinary crowded lift of fast service.
3. Mounted on the stair parallel to the ladder.

Fire Lift

1. Buildings over than 60ft high are required to provide fire lift.
2. This lift controlled by a system back on emergencies.

Paternoster

1. A lift system moves can continuously in one direction by providing the same car lifts.
2. Provides the movement up and down continuously.
3. No doors and passengers are forced into or out of the moving car lift.
4. Speed – 80min
5. Suitable for 6 – 7 storey buildings.
6. Not suitable to used by children or older people.

High Rise Lift

 service requirement for high rise building is critical to balance the upper and lower level
services.

 The concept of zone system and sky lobby can be used.
 Usually divided into zones where high level car will not stop of pick passengers at lower level.
 Zone which too low will takes passengers down to lower levels such as 5 – 10 levels below.

Double Decker Lift

 Carry passengers without raising double the lift shaft.
 Have to platforms which are increased.
 High transport capacity and reduce floor space.
 Number of stops can reduced to 50% - reducing waiting time and shorter car lift trips.
 Can be used in building which has a same height in every level.
 The main lobby has two levels.
 Must have clear indication of the use in the main lobby to avoid confusion.

LIFT INSTALLATION BY ZONE SYSTEM

One System Zone
For building not > 15 level.
Elevators cars stop at every level of the building.
Used to have space.

Two System Zone
For buildings > 15 levels and < 40 levels.
System brake into two zone of elevator.
The elevator of bottom and same of the top will not stop at any lower zone.
Not effective in the event of ‘ off peak ‘ and interfloor service.

Sky Lobby Zone
For building > 40 levels.
A group lift with high speed moving lift without interruption from the floor to the sky

lobby.
The elevator will move with normal velocity at the next level.