French C olonization
By: Emilee M arte
How d id t he fur t rade g ive the French claims t o
the New World?
Table o f C ontents
Page 1&2…Early T rade/Europeans Battle
Page 3&4...Explorers/ Establishing
Colonies
Page 5 &6… R elations w ith t he Native
Americans/Trade Items
Page 7&8… Fur trade/ Beaver Pelts
Page 9…………. French T rappers
Early T rade: The f irst Europeans to get fur from t he Indians w ere the F rench a nd E nglish
fisherman. These fishermen fished o ff coast o f northeastern C anada. The N ative A merican
traded g uns, metal cooking u tensils, a nd cloth.
Europeans Battle for T rade: France a nd England were bitter e nemies a t this time. H owever, o ne
of the goals of the F rench fur trade during t he 1700s w as t o m aintain s trong ties a nd m ilitary
alliances w ith the I ndians. Between 1698 a nd 1 763, France a nd England f ought a series of four
wars f or control of N orth A merica.
Explorers: F rench explorer J acques Cartier in his three v oyages into t he G ulf o f S t. L awrence in
the 1 530s and 1 540s c onducted some of t he earliest f ur t rading b etween European a nd F irst
Nations peoples associated with sixteenth c entury a nd l ater e xplorations in N orth America.
Establishing C olonies: In 1632, the French e stablished T roisRivieres, Q uebec, a s a m ajor
center f or building Indian birch bark canoes for the fur t rade. C anoe s izes b ecame standardized
the M ontreal canoe was 36 feet l ong, t he North canoe was 2 6 f eet long, a nd the Bastard c anoe
was 2 832 f eet l ong. M any of the European trade goods w hich the French t raders brought to the
Indians b eads, mirrors, b ells, decorative, and spiritual reasons.
Relations with the N ative A mericans: The F rench came for f urs, e specially beaver p elts u sed t o
make f elt hats. T he F rench succeeded because they adopted the technology a nd accepted the
social customs of N ative p eople. Y et t he hunting t erritory, h eld and d efended exclusively b y small
family g roups against other possible u sers, w as a c onsequence o f the new individualized
exchange relationship b etween t raders.
Trade I tems: T he main item that t he French traded w as f ur. O f course t he p eople or t he o ther
colonist had t o t rade them back. S ome o f t he t hings t hat the E uropean t raded w ere pots a nd
pans. T he N ative Americans traded as I said g uns, utensils, metal c ooking, a nd clothes.
Fur trade: The f ur t rade is a worldwide industry d ealing i n t he a cquisition and sale of animal fur.
Since the establishment of a world fur market in t he e arly m odern p eriod, f urs of b oreal, polar
and cold temperate mammalian animals have b een the m ost valued.
Beaver Pelts: P rized for their w armth, luxurious texture, a nd t he l onger fur m aterial, furs h ave
played a large role in clothing people s ince the beginning of h uman history. F or everyday use or
costume and d ecoration, f urs h ave b een used f or t he production o f outerwear such as c oats
and c aps.
French Trappers: T he coureurs de bois, “runners o f t he w oods” weren’t really a part of a c olony,
but they were t he ones w ho mainly m ade the relationships and traded m etal i tems and f irearms
to t he native p eople in e xchange for beaver p elts and other f urs.