Assignment 1: Multi-Storey Smart Home

BuildingServicesII: UiTM Kampus
(BQS554) Shah Alam

Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Hons.)

Assignment1:
Multi-Storey
SmartHome

Group's Members

Fatin Shazwani Binti Shahrul Nizam 2021117241
Nor Athirah Binti Zakaria 2021393759
Nur Athirah Najihah Binti Abu Bakar 2021110529
Liyana Natasya Binti Mohd Azman 2021112009
Syiffa Nasyuha Binti Azmi 2021112005

TABLE OF
CONTENT

1.0 5.0

INTRODUCTION SPECIAL SERVICE SYSTEM
APPLICATION AND

SYSTEM
BUILDING SERVICE
2.0 FUNCTION AND
INSTALLATION PROCESS
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM BENEFITS OF SYSTEM
APPLICATION AND PROBLEMS
SYSTEM ENCOUNTERED AND
BUILDING SERVICE SOLUTION
FUNCTION AND SPACE IMPLICATIONS
INSTALLATION PROCESS
BENEFITS OF SYSTEM 6.0
PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION
SOLUTION AND AIR-CONDITIONING
BUILDING REGULATIONS SYSTEM
APPLICATION AND
3.0 SYSTEM
BUILDING SERVICE
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM FUNCTION AND
APPLICATION AND INSTALLATION PROCESS
SYSTEM BENEFITS OF SYSTEM
BUILDING SERVICE PROBLEMS
FUNCTION AND ENCOUNTERED AND
INSTALLATION PROCESS SOLUTION
BENEFITS OF SYSTEM SPACE IMPLICATIONS
PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED AND 7.0
SOLUTION
BUILDING REGULATIONS CONCLUSION

4.0 8.0

TELECOMUNICATION REFERENCES
SYSTEM


APPLICATION AND
SYSTEM
BUILDING SERVICE
FUNCTION AND
INSTALLATION PROCESS
BENEFITS OF SYSTEM
PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED AND
SOLUTION
SPACE IMPLICATIONS

WHAT IS A
SMART HOME?

In a smart home, appliances and gadgets can be managed remotely which is very convenient. It connects
from any location with an internet connection using a mobile or other networked device, such as a laptop
or desktop computer. Connected devices such as security access to a home, temperature and lighting
may all be controlled remotely in a smart home over the internet. Homeowners benefit from the
convenience that comes with having a smart home technology system installed. For example, usually a
smartphone or tablet to control all of their appliances, thermostats, lighting, and other amenities.

In the event of a problem, consumers can receive alerts and updates via their mobile devices. Smart
doorbells, for example, let homeowners see and talk to visitors at their doors even when they aren't there.
The temperature, lighting, and appliances may all be set and controlled by the user. In return for the cost
of setting up the smart system, homeowners can save a lot of money. When you have smart home
appliances, lights, or a smart thermostat, you have complete control over when and how they operate. As
a result, you have greater control over your energy consumption and are more likely to change your
energy consumption patterns.

The use of Internet of Various control approaches can be
Things (IoT) in smart used to control household electrical and
home automation is electronic appliances. ​It allows for a
that it uses various wider range of possibilities for a home
network by allowing all of the gadgets to
control system connect to the internet. Connecting
techniques to devices to each other and allowing them
automate home to communicate without your
involvement is made possible by IoT apps.
equipment.

FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEM

PROPOSAL FOR A MULTI STOREY
SMART HOME

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

Fire fighting systems can be divided into two categories which are active and passive fire system

ACTIVE FIRE SYSTEM PASSIVE FIRE SYSTEM

The components of active fire protection are those Passive fire protection is a group of systems that
which require some kind of activity to work. This compartmentalise a structure using fire-resistance
action can be manual, such as using a fire rated walls/floors and is an important aspect of any
extinguisher, or automatic, such as fighting a fire fire safety plan. It is included into a building's
using a sprinkler system. The action taken as a construction to protect people's lives and reduce the
result of active fire protection is prompted by a cost effect of damage to structures and their
signal or alarm. In the case of emergency, most contents. The division of a structure into smaller
buildings are also equipped with active systems pieces aids in the slowing or prevention of
that can be deployed onsite in the event of a fire. fire/smoke spread from one area to the next. PFP
helps to reduce the amount of damage to a structure
These can include smoke detectors which activate and gives people more time to escape. Fire/smoke
with sound and light to alert building occupants, dampers, fire doors, and fire walls/floors are all
fire extinguishers which can be manually operated included in PFP. Dampers are used to keep fires and
to help put out small fires, sprinkler systems which smoke from spreading throughout the building's
will automatically activate to help put out the fire ductwork. A building's compartmentalization is aided
while building occupants move to safety, and some by fire doors. Stationary material in a passive system
ventilation systems that help to direct smoke out of are designed to help prevent the fire from spreading
the building . The action will assist in containing, or smoke by containing the fire to its original
suppressing, or extinguishing a fire that has already positions and preventing it from spreading
began. Although fire suppression systems are the throughout the building. When it is used in
most obvious type of AFP, fire detection or fire combination with an active system, a passive system
alarm systems are also considered AFP. These can help put out a fire quickly and prevent a lot of
systems will activate a reaction after receiving a damage. The most common passive fire prevention
signal, such as notifying the fire department, systems are incorporated immediately into the
opening sprinklers, or closing fire doors. Working fire building. This may indicate the use of fire-resistant
alarm and suppression systems may considerably materials in the construction of the building's floors,
improve chances of controlling or even walls, and ceilings.
extinguishing a fire before it spreads and causes
harm. Active fire safety systems are often built
based on factors such as the number of people in
the building and the size of the structure.

FIRE RATED DOOR How its functioning?

Fire doors are an essential part of the house fire Fire doors help in the compartmentalization of buildings,
protection system if you live in a safety room. As helping fire to spread more slowly. These compartments
firefighting equipment, a fire door actively fights fire and are usually connected by fire doors, which serve two
passively saves family lives. Solid forms, wood composite purposes: while closed, they act as a fire barrier, and
materials, and flax boards with an unique seal are all when opened, they give a method of escape. A well-
made with fire-resistant doors. They're well-framed and designed fire door will slow the spread of fire and smoke
designed with doors that may not allow fire to enter while enabling people and products to move around
through. Help in escaping a fire, heat, or smoke that easily. A fire door is designed to work as a barrier against
follows any way. Normal doors used to burn fast, but fire fire and smoke. It performs to various degrees, depending
doors took a long time to burn through. A fire door is on its position in the building and the closeness to fire risk.
delayed for 30 minutes, as is normal. When you install
fire doors in each bedroom, you and your family will Do i need
have a much larger window of opportunity to escape. Fire Rated Door?
This safety precaution is especially important in two-
story Types of Fire Rated Door
homes.
According to the fire rating
Fire doors will have at least 3
hinges with a melting point We can classify the doors into different categories
depending on their fire resistance. This is EI30, 60, 90 and
above 800 degrees 120 according to European regulations, and up to UL180
centigrade and apertures for minutes in American regulation.
glazing and for letter boxes
should be in place at testing. According to the material

How to install? Fire-rated doors are made out of different materials.
There are steel fire-rated doors, glazed and wood ones.
1.Gaps between fire doors and door frames should Steel fire doors are most versatile, and used in all different
never be more than 4 millimetres or less than 2 kinds of buildings
millimetres.
According to the features
2.Confirm and see whether the smoke seals are
closing the gaps in the door from the smoke seal's The fire-rated swing doors turn around an axis that
end to the door frame.
is the single acting hinge, placed on the right or on
3.There need to be few or no gaps in intumescent and the left side of the door.
smoke seal protection.
Sliding fire-rated doors were specially designed for
4.Without any portions taken out, there must be a 30-
minute fire resistance (a minimum of 30mm thick). buildings where there is an increased risk of fire due
to the stocked materials or to the nature of the
5.Have a self-closing mechanism that works (when the activities developed inside the building
door is opened, it shuts on its own).
Fire-rated shutters were specially designed for

filling in considerably big gaps in areas with reduced
free space.

Guillotine fire-rated doors are used to sectorize

very specific spaces, such as the treadmills in
luggage sorting halls, the halls of a laboratory, etc.

FIRE SPRINKLER How its functioning?

An automated fire sprinkler system, which is widely used Fire sprinkler will detect heat
across the world, could save our family's lives and property
at a low cost. Sprinkler works direct fire protection uses Fire sprinklers works as they are activated by high heat.
the power of water supply speed to connect with a When a fire starts, the air directly above it quickly warms
hydrant or water distribution pipeline as an all-time ready up. This heated air rises to the ceiling and spreads. When
firefighting equipment. The automated fire sprinkler the air becomes hot enough and reaches a sprinkler
system is a 300-year-old and widely used method of head, a chemical reaction happens. A glass bulb filled
firefighting around the world. The installation is being with a glycerin-based liquid is found in most sprinkler
installed in over 40 million sprinkler heads for firefighting. heads. This liquid expands when it comes in contact with
This technique is capable of suppressing 96% of fires. air heated to between 135 and 165 degrees. When the
Automatic sprinkler systems are employed in small liquid swells, the glass boundaries are shattered, and the
residential homes because they are cost-effective sprinkler head is controlled remotely.
firefighting systems. We can look at the cost-benefit
analysis of this system to see how useful it would be for us Fire sprinkler douse the fire
at home. Not only in terms of life-saving reasons, but it
also uses less water, less money, and works while we’re in Each sprinkler head is attached to a line that goes outside
sleep as well. the building and connects to a dependable water supply.
A valve opens when heat triggers a sprinkler head,
In the 1870's, Philip Pratt invented enabling water pressure from the pipe system to flow out.
the first automatic sprinkler
system. The automatic fire Fire sprinklers minimize water damage

sprinkler was then improved by Putting out a fire would simply be trading fire damage for
Henry Parmalee and later water damage, and it’s not how fire sprinklers work.

perfected by Frederick Grinnell in Types of Fire Sprinkler
the 1890's.
Wet pipe fire sprinkler system
How to install?
Wet pipe fire sprinkler’s pipes contain water and are the most
1. Tools and materials: Drill, hole saw attachment, CPVC common type of fire sprinkler system. Since water is present in
piping, pipe straps, screws, stud finder, sealant the system, facilities must maintain a temperature of at least 40
degrees.
2. Step 1: Check water pressure
3. Step 2: Install system in basement Dry pipe fire sprinkler system
4. Step 3: Conceal piping in wall
5. Step 4: Run pipe upstairs Dry pipe fire sprinklers are filled with nitrogen or pressurized air.
6. Step 5: Install sprinkler heads The air pressure holds a dry pipe valve closed and prevents
7. Step 6: Insulate, patch drywall and test for leaks water from entering the system. When a fire sprinkler detects a
sudden temperature increase it activates and the air pressure
drops in the system

Pre-Action fire sprinkler system

Pre-action fire sprinkler systems contain pressurized air or
nitrogen instead of water. Activating pre-action systems is a
two-step process. First, a heat or smoke detector must detect a
fire which then sends a signal to open the pre-action valve.
Next, a fire sprinkler head must detect an increased
temperature to indicate a fire. Once, the fire sprinkler opens
water immediately pours onto the fire.

Deluge fire sprinkler system

High hazard facilities utilize deluge fire sprinkler systems since
the open style sprinkler heads can discharge water quickly.

These sprinkler heads always remain open and activate all at
once. These systems also contain no water nor pressurized air.
Once a heat or smoke detector detects smoke or heat, the
deluge valve opens and sends water to all the fire sprinklers.
This allows water to discharge from each sprinkler head. When
highly combustible material catches on fire the flames can grow
and spread immediately.

FIRE HYDRANT How its functioning?

A fire hydrant used as a water pump installed in a place Fire hydrants are connected to a large water supply
that is highly convenient for connecting firefighters through underground pipes. When firefighters arrive
tapping into a water supply. It is an active component and on the scene, they connect a hose to the side of the
the best part of efficient firefighting for protecting the hydrant. Once the hose is connected, a special
home estate. It has several alternative names such as fire wrench with a pentagon-shaped socket is used to
pump, fireplug, or simply called ‘pump’. According to the turn the nut on the top of the hydrant. This unique
procedure, you’ll connect a hose with a fire hydrant. Then tool is not widely available, so only authorized
you’ll have to open a valve on the hydrant to generate people, like firefighters, can use hydrants. Once the
powerful water speed up to 350 kPa. Attaching a nut is turned, it opens a valve deep underground
significant hose to a fire engine powerful pump will boost that allows water to start to flow into the hydrant.
the water speed and pressure that can help to more Most fire hydrants have these valves underground
water in multiple directions. Local authorities used to for a few reasons. If water were kept in the hydrant
approve the color-code on the hydrant bodies – white, at all times, it could easily freeze in cold weather,
yellow, red, and violet. White is public, Yellow is private possibly damaging the hydrant and making it
and Red is for special Operation Hydrant. A red Hydrant impossible to access water when needed. Also, if
requires special procedures for use. Violet hydrant works water was stored in the hydrant, it could start
for non-potable pond or lake water supply purposes. flowing uncontrollably if it were, for example, hit by
a car. The hose connected to they hydrant is usually
also connected to a fire truck. The water coming
from the hydrant is then run through a pump, which
helps to increase the water pressure, and can also
divide the supply to multiple hoses.

How to install? Types of Fire Hydrant

The following guidelines should be followed when placing fire Wet Hydrant
hydrants in the distribution system:
Wet hydrants are widely used in places where
Sufficient space between hydrant and building it is there is no problem of freezing. In such types of
protecting fire hydrant systems, the water in the main,
Located near street intersections supply the hydrant close to the surface. So, in
Back from street to avoid vehicle contact cold weather conditions, it is susceptible to
Close enough to street for pumper connection while on freezing.
pavement
Placed 2 feet off curb Dry Hydrant
Fed by a minimum main diameter of 6 inches
An auxiliary valve should be installed between hydrant and A dry hydrant system stores the water below
main ground. The Earth’s temperature is usually higher
A breakaway flange should be installed 2 inches above than the cold environment temperature in cold
ground surface regions. So, the possibility of freezing can be
prevented by this arrangement. When the dry
hydrant system is required to be used, firefighters
open a valve on top of the hydrant and engage
their hose in it. This causes the drain valve to
open inside of the hydrant. This allows the water
to come through which the firefighters use
against the fire.

BENEFITS OF SYSTEMS

Help people and save lives Automatic function in the system

The major purpose for owning the system is The effectiveness for which they operate
to save as many lives as possible among the
residents in the case of a fire threat and to automatically. The built-in smoke
protect the property. The systems work
quickly and effectively to extinguish the fire detectors can detect even just the
using water or foam, ensuring that the flame
does not spread out of control. slightest changes in temperature within

the environment and immediately deploy

fire-fighting devices to put out the fire

before it spreads.

Guarantee on minimal harm Easy installation method

Almost every component in a firefighting Since this instructions from building
system works in the most simple basic ways, regulations make it easier to choose
but somehow it guarantees that the building's which systems should be implemented in
residents are not harmed. As example water the building, the installation method is
sprinklers and a fire alarm control panel are generally simple.
both expensive, but they are the most
effective components in stopping the spread
of a fire. So even its expensive, its worth the
cost to keep a safe environment.

Low maintenance cost

The system's installation is surely costly, but
the cost of system maintenance is
unexpectedly cheap. The reason for this is
that it only requires basic maintenance and
the system can operate for an incredibly long
time.

PROBLEMS
ECOUNTERED & SOLUTIONS

1. Fire door lack of routine maintenance 2. Fire door is propped open or locked
by a certified inspector.
To protect building occupants in the event of a fire,
British Standards (namely BS 8214 and BS 9999) never lock or fasten fire exit doors in a way that
could prevent them from being easily opened by a
recommend having a fire door maintenance person who may use them during an emergency exit.
Make sure these doors are easily openable from the
service/inspection every six months, however the inside of the building.Since fire doors are designed
to automatically close when they reach a certain
best course of action is to have a risk-assessed temperature, keeping them free of obstruction will
ensure they don't descend onto misplaced objects.
recommendation which will be tailored Obstructions could cause damage to the door and
prevent it from working properly during an
specifically to your building requirements. Without emergency. People mistakenly prop fire rated doors
open for their personal convenience, not realizing
regular inspections, the fire doors could be they're creating a significant safety hazard for
everyone in the building. When a fire door is unable
completely ineffective without your knowledge. to fully close, it can't create an effective barrier
between rooms to deplete the fire's oxygen supply.
3. Freezing fire sprinkler This can fuel the fire with oxygen and allow it to
spread freely throughout your building.
The most significant way to protect your sprinkler
system is to install a pipe freeze protection 5. Leaks from fire hydrants
system. It draws electricity from a standard
outlet and is installed down the side of your Leaks affect water flow and pressure from a fire
pipes, strategically wrapped around the sprinkler hydrant, making it less effective if firefighters need
system to provide an even distribution of radiant to use it. Report any leaks as soon as they are
heating. In some cases, waterproof coverings discovered either to the responsible person for a
are installed to insulate the pipe and prevent privately owned fire hydrant or to the Local
exposure to external condensation. Authority Fire and Rescue Service. Fire Hydrants
Direct are on call to repair and test privately owned
4. Corrosion Fire Sprinkler fire hydrants.

Fire sprinkler systems are based on water, which
makes corrosion a common problem. It can
impact the functionality of the system and lead
to leaks, which could cause water damage to
your property. Fire inspections should be done to
check for any potential leaks and to replace any
pipes that are beginning to corrode.

SPACE IMPLICATIONS

Fire Rated Door

Any new build or home renovation that has three
or more floors must have fire doors fitted to every
habitable room that leads from a stairwell. This
applies to loft conversions where an extra floor
has been added to a two-storey home. Any door
leading from your home into an integral garage
must be a fire door. In most domestic situations,
FD30 (fire doors with a 30 minute fire rating) are
sufficient.

Fire Sprinkler

The space for installing a sprinkler sprinkler system
is restricted to the ceiling area. Sprinklers must be
placed on the ceiling because when smoke is
detected, the sprinkler will spread the water. Since
this sprinkler will effectively distribute the water to
the cause of the fire under the ceiling, area for a
network of piping above the ceiling is required.
Because the pipe must supply water to all of the
sprinkler systems on the building, the network for
installing the piping for sprinkler system requires a
lot of space above the ceiling.

Fire Hydrants

The location of fire hydrants must consider accessibility,
obstructions and proximity to the building being protected. You
must also consider if the hydrant is to be located internal or
external to the building. The position of hydrants is related to
the length of a fire hose, which is 30 m. All distances are
calculated as the most direct, laid-flat-on-ground route that a
fire hose could be laid to and inside the building. This includes a
path up or down stairs or ramps.

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
SYSTEM

PROPOSAL FOR A MULTI STOREY
SMART HOME

APPLICATION &


SYSTEM

The application of solar e nergy is by using the solar Photovoltaic Power Plant which is the

most common application that is created by TNB engineers. This solar energy has the

potential to power your entire home. Although it may appear sophisticated and costly,

such a system is actually rather simple in concept. On a roof facing the sun, solar panels

lined with polycrystalline silicon, which reacts to sunlight by creating a modest electrical

charge, are joined together. The DC current created by the conversion of sunlight to

energy is transmitted to an inverter, which transforms the DC current to AC power. This

AC power is sent into your main electrical service panel, where it powers all of your

home's gadgets in the same way that utility company electricity is utilized. Your clean,

renewable power source is capable of powering your home, lodge, tool shed, or any other

building for that matter.

The output of solar panels is measured in watts. This rating represents the panel's
maximum output under ideal conditions. The power output per panel ranges from 10
to 300 watts, with 100 watts being the most frequent arrangement.
The sun moves as well as the tracking arrays from east to west. The tracking arrays
adjusts its angle to retain the best as possible performance.
For maintenance, the array DC disconnect is used to separate the solar panels from
the house. The solar arrays create DC (direct currents) electricity; hence it termed a DC
disconnect.
DC power is generated by solar panels and batteries. AC (alternating current) is used
by most household appliances. The DC electricity generated by the solar panels and
batteries is converted to the AC power needed by appliances via an inverter.
Solar power systems generate energy while the sun is shining during the day. When

the sun isn’t shining, your house needs electricity at night and on overcast days.
Batteries can be added to the system to compensate for the mismatch.

The power meter measures the amount of electricity used from the grid for systems
that are connected to the utility grid. The power meter also measures the quantity of
electricity the solar system transmits to the grid in systems meant to sell power to the
utility.

BUILDING SERVICE


FUNCTION &


INSTALLATION PROCESS

The function of the solar panels is to gather and convert natural renewable in the
form of sunlight into electricity, which may subsequently be utilized to power
electrical loads. Solar panels are made up of layers of silicon, phosphorous which
gives negative charge and boron which provides the positive charge. The solar
panels absorb photons and generate an electric current as a result. The energy
created when photons collide with the solar panel’s surface causes electrons to be
pushes out of their atomic orbits and released into the electric field formed by the
solar cells, which then pulls these free electrons into a directed current. The
Photovoltaic effect refers to the entire process. The average home has more than
enough roof space to accommodate the required number of solar panels to
generate enough solar electricity to meet all of its power demands. Any extra
electricity generated is sent into the main power grid, which pays for itself in
reduced electricity usage at night.

A solar array creates power during the day that
is also used in the home at night in a well-
balanced grid-connected system. Solar
generator owners might receive reimbursed if
their system produces more energy than is
required in the home, thanks to net metering
schemes. A battery bank, charge controller, and,
in most cases, an inverter is required
components in off-grid solar systems. The
charge controller transmits direct current (DC)
power from the solar array to the battery bank.
The power is then pulled from the battery bank
to the inverter, which transforms the DC current
into AC, which may be used by non-DC
equipment. Solar panel arrays may be sized to
fulfil the most demanding electrical load needs
with the help of an inverter.

BUILDING SERVICE

FUNCTION &


INSTALLATION PROCESS

1.Set Up Scaffolding 2.Install Solar Panels Mounts

Firstly, you have to erect scaffolding to ensure Then, the solar panel mounting system has to
safety during the whole installation process be set up. This will support the base of the
when being on the roof. solar panels. The whole mounting structure
must be tilted and have an angle between 18
3.Install Solar Panels to 36 degrees to have maximum sunlight
exposure.
When the mounts are set up, the solar panel
itself has to be installed on the mounting 4.Wire The Solar Panels
structure. Make sure to tighten up all the bolts
and nuts so that it stays stable. The next step in the installation process is to
install the electrical wiring. In most cases,
5.Install Solar Inverter MC4 connectors are used because they are
suited for all types of solar panels. Make sure
After that, the solar inverter must be connected to shut off the household’s electricity supply
to the system. It is typically installed near the during the wiring installation.
main panel and it could be both indoors and
outdoors. Inverters are more efficient if kept in 6. Bond Solar Inverter and
a cooler place. Solar Battery
If the inverter is outdoors, it should be kept out
from the afternoon sun. If it is installed indoors, Thereafter, the solar inverter has to be
the garage or utility room are usually the best connected to the solar battery. The solar
places, since they stay cool for most of the year battery storage can save you from worrying
and have ventilation. about the lack of usable energy during cloudy
times, it can also lower the solar battery
storage system costs during installation.

7.Connect the Inverter to the Consumer Unit

The inverter should be connected to the consumer unit to generate electricity. A generation meter
should also be connected to monitor the amount of electricity the solar panels actually produce.
You can use your computer or other device to check your solar system’s performance. For example,
you can check how much electricity you generate at different times and decide what time is suitable
for using your washing machine or other utilities.

8. Start and Test Solar Panels

The final step is to switch the power on and test the newly installed solar panel system. After that, the
solar panel installation process is completed.

BENEFITS OF SYSTEM

01 R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y 02 H O M E

SOURCE INVESTMENT

As we all know, the solar panel system has the benefit Installing a solar panel system in your home will
of being a renewable energy source. It is used in all increase the value of your property by lowering your
parts of Malaysia and is available 24 hours a day. The monthly power expenses. If you ever decide to sell
most wonderful thing about this solar energy is that, your home, this investment will allow you to ask for a
unlike some other type of energy, it is unlimited. Solar higher price. According to recent research conducted
energy will be available at all times. by solar businesses in Malaysia, buyers are ready to
spend an additional RM62,000 for a property with an
average sized solar panel system. The value of a
home rises as a result of the money a new homeowner
can save on energy in the future.

03 C A N M A N A G E Y O U R
EXPENSES

Other benefits of installing this solar panels are that you will be shielded from growing energy expenses.
You should be aware that home power rates climb by about 3% annually. As a result, by investing in
solar panels for your house, you can ensure that your finances are not impacted by rising power rates.
Remember that solar power in Malaysia allows you to better predict and manage your costs, making it
an excellent choice for both households and companies.

PROBLEMS

ENCOUNTERED

1.INSTALLATION ISSUE

The most common problem with solar panel installation is inaccurate and poor installation. If the
panel is not installed properly, customers may have roof sealing failure and other problem such as
solar panels not aligning with other panels, the winding complexity of solar panels, power starts to
decline after the third month of solar installation and roof water flow is disrupted.

The solution for this problem is to have solar panel installed by a knowledgeable and well-
trained company who understands how panels should be attached to various types of homes
and is aware of any potential problems that may arise during solar panel installation. Also, make
sure that the solar installation company is in all best practices in installation procedures as well
as able to adapt these processes to minimize harm and offer the best possible installation.

2. BIRD NEST UNDER 3. INVERTER PROBLEM
SOLAR PANELS

The second problem of installing the solar panel After using the solar system for two to three
is the squirrels and honeybees are known to years, the inverter that is used to store the
build nests beneath solar panels. This problem excess power generated by the solar panel
gets more dangerous when honeybees, in fails. Loose wiring connections or corrosion
particular build honeycomb beneath the solar in the inverter, voltage fluctuation owing to
panel and begin to sting people. PID effects, faulty PV breaker in the inverter,
and short circuit or internal destruction are
To avoid this problem, make sure your solar all possible causes of inverter damage.
panel is cleaned every day, including the
underside and keep a look out for these tiny Make a call to solar panel expert occasionally
creatures. Other than that, use mesh or wire to check the state of the inverter to prevent
below the solar panel to the tiny creature such problem.
cannot enter the beneath solar panels.

BUILDING

REGULATION

Building regulations will usually apply if you want to put a solar panel
on your roof. The present roof's capacity to support the load
(weight) of the panel will have to be tested and proved. It's possible
that some strengthening work is required. Other components of the
job, such as electrical installation, are also subject to building
standards. It's best to get in touch with a qualified installer,
especially one who is a member of the Competent Person Scheme.
The authorized papers area contains general guidelines on the
performance anticipated of materials and construction work in
order to comply with building rules, as well as practical examples
and solutions on how to achieve compliance for some of the most
prevalent building circumstances.

TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

WIRELESS IP
INTERCOM SYSTEM

PROPOSAL FOR A MULTI STOREY
SMART HOME

APPLICATION &

SYSTEM

Telecommunication systems are one of the essential services available
in a building. It will help the occupants to exchange information faster
and more efficiently. Year by year, people always come up with many
innovations to create convenient ways for better communication like
the internet network. Malaysia is upgrading to the latest 5G network,
which will increase the internet speed and be more intelligent than 4G.
So how about telecommunication system in a multi-storey smart home?

In a multi storey house,
the system would need

to be simple yet
functioning well to
reach everyone at
home. Hence, we would
like to propose the IP
Intercom System.

IP Intercom System is an internet system that functions to allow
household members to communicate with each other even if they are in
different rooms via audio or video. It will be easier to get attention
from other people in the house or outside. For example, calling
everyone for dinner or checking on their children. Wireless technology
has become popular and more preferable to use since it is more
flexible to bring the devices around or to connect it to any devices.The
system will connect to the WiFi router of the home, so it will be able to
connect with mobile devices to be more convenient for the users.

BUILDING SERVICE

FUNCTION &

INSTALLATION PROCESS

How the IP Intercom System works?

Audio and video can be transmitted between sender and receiver using
the IP Intercom System, which is a set of rules for routing and
addressing data in order to ensure that it reaches its destination. The IP
is stands for 'Internet Protocol'. There are two options for connecting to
each other: through a Local Area Network (LAN) or through a network
router. Because of its use of digital technology compared to analog
technology, smart intercoms are capable of transferring large amounts
of data such as video in addition to audio. But this latest intercoms
aren't limited to video and audio transmissions alone. They can also
connect to a building's electronic or magnetic lock to make it easier for
residents to get into their homes.

Intercoms relay data through
the internet between a master
station and its terminals.
Master stations and terminals
are the two most important
parts in an intercom system.

MASTER STATION TERMINALS

Intercom master stations are sometimes known Terminals can be placed in the kitchen, the
as base stations and door stations. It is brains bedroom, or any other room that the residents
of the intercom system. Master stations choose to use them in. It would function as a
communicate with various sections of the substation that would be connected to the
building’s intercom system, including door master station. When someone rings the
locking mechanisms and terminals used by doorbell on the master station, the information
occupants. They are positioned at the entrance will be sent to the terminal, allowing the
of the house (either a door or gate) and can occupants to grant access from wherever they
feature microphones and cameras. are without having to rush to the front door.

PN

BUILDING SERVICE
FUNCTION &
INSTALLATION PROCESS

Devices and features in IP Intercom System

02 I N D O O R M O N I T O R 01 O U T D O O R S T A T I O N

Indoor monitor is a tablet that Outdoor station has
have function to view audio or camera and microphone
video message. Indoor monitor audio transmission for
equipped with many channels home security and entry
that connected to each station in access. Visitor would simply
the house. push the button to speak
with people inside the
04 S W I T C H B O X house. Usually, outdoor
station built with material
Switch box has many cable ports that can resist water as it
for connection purpose between will expose to weather.
the terminals. Some switch box
has POE technology. 03 M O B I L E A P P L I C A T I O N S

By installing the application on
the smartphone, the user can
control or monitor their house
from phone through intercom. It
can allow user to grant access to
their property.

05 F I N G E R P R I N T S F E A T U R E

Fingerprint feature is
identification recognition
technology that use for security
purpose.

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BUILDING SERVICE
FUNCTION &
INSTALLATION PROCESS

How do I want to install IP Intercom System ?

An IP intercom system has been ease in installation process, so here the table that shows the process
according to (Cayetano, 2021);

To install the master station, After you've completed the wiring,
measure and cut a hole in your wall the next step in installing a door
for your intercom master station, station is to attach the door station
and then drill a hole for the cables to towards the wall with screws,
run through it. Normally, intercom mortar, or a combination of the
master station need three cables; for two methods described above.
electricity, internet and door strike.

Some intercoms do not Then, repeat the same steps above
require a power connection to install the substations. However,
because they are powered by since the terminals is connected
Power over Ethernet, often wirelessly to base station, so there
known as PoE, technology. is not require you to connect it
PoE devices can be powered physically by using cable
by the same cable that
connects them to the
internet, removing the use of
a separate power cable in
most applications.

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SPACE
IMPLICATIONS

The purpose of the telecommunications is 1.80m height on the wall. The size
system is to enable occupants to of monitor may be differents as it has
communicate and get reached easily many company distribution.
within the house. Thus, the intercom
system should be installed in an area
where people spend the significant
amounts of time. For multi-story
residence, it is recommended to locate the
master station near the front door or in
the living room. Then, we can install the
terminals in the kitchen and first-floor
rooms. Indeed, other components such as
internet coverage and an electric plug
should be considered to ensure the
intercom system functions properly.

The installation intercom system is usually
4.30 inch or 7.00 inch monitor. It will be
mounted at suitable height which

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BENEFITS OF
SYSTEM

01 I M P R O V E E F F I C I E N C Y I N 02 P R O V I D E E A S I E R
COMMUNICATION SCREENING

Installing an intercom system would provide Screening those who enter your home is a main
benefit of this technology. As a result, there is
benefits in terms of communication. They can reduced chance of being exposed to a
dangerous individual, such as a burglar or
easily attract one person's attention with less fraudster. Users may be certain that only those
they know or have business dealings with will be
shouting and scurrying up stairs. Furthermore, it allowed to visit their building. In addition, an
intercom system may help you keep an eye on
will be more effective to send the information to your toddlers or elderly family members.

everyone in the house since voice or video

messages will be more clear and

understandable than when someone yells to

deliver the information, which may be confusing

at times.

03 E N H A N C E T H E M A R K E T
VALUE OF THE HOUSE

Your home's market value might be boosted by
installing an intercom. All of us desire to live in
an environment where we're protected from
harm. You may be able to sell your property for
a greater price if you invest in security
technologies now, rather than wait until the
next buyer comes along and buys them. The
demand for a property will almost certainly rise
if numerous individuals are interested in
purchasing it. The value of a property will rise
if there is a greater demand than supply.

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PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED

According to (Aronson, 2020), there are three (3) common problems in intercom system;
static, humming noise and power supply failure.

1. Static 3. Failure of Power Supply

This happens a lot with intercom & Internet Connection
systems. The static comes from either
a speaker, microphone, or both at the In a house with many floors, some parts of
same time. Static is hissing or the house may have a weak signal for Wi-Fi.
crackling noise that produce from the It will be hard for the intercom system to
machine. Several parts of the audio operate because it needs a good internet
equipment can make the sound go a connection. The main reason is probably the
little strange. A lot of noise can come intercom device is little bit far from the
from three different places: the internet router. Apart of that, electrical
intercom system, the microphones, problems are often happens, and
or the speakers. Your intercom sometimes they're not electrical wiring at all.
system can become unstable if there Usually when it happens, you will hear static
is any kind of damage to it. This can when the power supply is not working right,
cause static in the system. It could be or you might also hear a hum. Most of the
because of a bad switch or a loose time, there will be a warning before the
wire. Another common cause of static intercom's power completely goes out. This
is a lot of noise. means that your power supply could go out
at any time, and your intercom system will
2. Humming Noise die. The first thing you should do is check
your fuse box. If it does not function, the
As well, humming noises can be a trouble. power supply might be dead.
In most cases, the system will make a
humming sound when you or someone
else in your family tries to use the system.
There is a possibility that the humming
sound you hear is caused by bad wiring in
the intercom system, so it is important to
get it repaired immediately.

PN

SPECIAL SERVICE
SYSTEM

INTERNET OF THINGS

PROPOSAL FOR A MULTI STOREY
SMART HOME

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

The internet of things (IoT) contributes internet connectivity and remote
management of mobile appliances equipped with a range of sensors. Home
equipment, such as air conditioning, lights, and other environmental devices, can
be fitted with sensors. As a result, it incorporates computer intelligence into
home equipment to allow for the measurement of home conditions and the
monitoring of home appliance operation. Cloud computing offers scalable
processing power, storage space, and applications for developing, managing, and
accessing home devices from anywhere at any time. The advanced smart home
composition is controlled and orchestrated by a rule-based event processing
system (Domb,2019). Moreover, better sensors, cutting-edge processing
capabilities, and better wireless networks have made IoT systems easier to deploy
and their applications more prevalent across a wide range of industries.
According to research, their uses are growing at such a rapid pace that the
number of devices connected will soon reach 40 billion. Estimation shows that
the economic effect and benefits of the Internet of Things will shortly exceed $1.9
billion by 2020.

"With the growth of internet, networking and
computing, IoT application have a bright and

limitless future"

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

2.0 MANAGING HOME APPLIANCES 1.0 MEASURING HOME CONDITIONS

Creates a cloud service for managing home A typical smart home is outfitted with a
appliances on a cloud architecture. The user number of sensors that monitor things like
can use the managing service to regulate the temperature, humidity, light, and
outputs of smart actuators connected to home proximity. Each sensor is devoted to the
equipment like lamps and fans. Smart actuators collection of one or more measurements
are devices that perform operations such as One sensor may monitor temperature and
turning things on or off or modifying an humidity, while others calculate the light
operating system, such as valves and switches. ratio for a specific region and the distance
Actuators have a wide range of functions, from it to each object exposed to it. All
including on/off valve service, percentage open sensors enable the user to save data and
positioning, modulating to control changes in visualise it so that it may be viewed
flow conditions, and emergency shutdown anywhere and at any time. It does so by
(ESD). An actuator is activated by sending a combining a signal processor, a
digital write instruction to it (Domb, 2019). communication interface, and a cloud-
based host (Domb, 2019).

3.0 CONTROLLING HOME ACCESS

For public access doors, home access
technologies are often employed. A database
with the identity qualities of authorised
people is used in a shared system. When a
person approaches the access control
system, his or her identification attributes are
instantly captured and matched to the
database. Access is granted if it fits the
database data; otherwise, it is denied. For a
large, dispersed institute, cloud services
could be used to collect and process data
from individuals in a central location. Face
recognition systems, finger prints, and RFID
are used by some, while magnetic or
proximity identification cards are used by
others. An RFID card and an RFID reader
were utilised in one sample implementation.
An RFID card is carried by every authorised
person. The guy used an RFID reader at the
door to scan the card. The scanned ID was
sent to the cloud system over the internet.
The ID was sent to the controlling service,
which checked the scanned ID against the
database's allowed IDs (Domb, 2019)

BUILDING FUNCTION
& INSTALLATION

The customer will be able to use a Home Automation System
based on the Internet of Things with IoT based Home
Automation (IoT). The internet allows modern homes to be
automated and household equipment to be controlled. The Wi-
Fi modems will obtain the user commands over the internet. This
modem has a connection to the microcontroller. The system
status, as well as system statistics, are displayed on the LCD
panel. This is a typical Internet of Things (IoT)-based Home
Automation system for controlling all of your household
appliances.

BUILDING FUNCTION
& INSTALLATION

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES

BRING PERSONAL CONNECTIVITY

Even though have been assured that the IoT equipment would be installed at a
location with Internet connectivity, this does not guarantee that the user will
have quick access to it. This is because the internet access may be severely
limited.

GET THE BEST INTERNET CONNECTION

Internet access is necessary not just for the IoT devices themselves, but also for those
who are tasked with installing the system. In addition, just as Internet connectivity for IoT
devices may be unavailable, Internet and WiFi connection for installation employees may
be unavailable. It's a good idea to buy in a known-excellent 3G/4G SIM card to utilise
during the installation. The ease and effectiveness that good Internet connectivity
provides will far outweigh the cost of the additional SIM cards.

INSTALL MORE THAN NECESSARY


It's far more difficult to make modifications after your IoT setup is complete. As a result,

installing more equipment than is strictly necessary pays off. If your system only requires
a single 3G/4G modem and wireless access point, bring two of each and install them
simultaneously. When things go wrong, they may (and generally do) come in handy. In
this scenario, we had a secondary access point that we could remotely configure to take
over the failing one's responsibilities. You can save costly trips back to the installation
site by installing more equipment than you believe you'll need ahead of time.

INSTALL APPLICATION IN SMARTHOME

It takes a lot of time and effort to implement IoT. There could be thousands of wireless
sensors, gadgets, access points, and extenders to be placed. This installation is usually
done by a group of people who aren't necessarily familiar with the product. Hence, a
custom-made smartphone app for the installation should have at least step-by-step
checklists for each phase of the installation, a login mechanism with a user account for
each individual, and troubleshooting processes to ensure that each device is installed by
just one person. This will help the user ensure that everyone follows the necessary
processes for each device installation and that everything is up and running at the time
of installation.

BENEFITS OF
SYSTEM

EASE OF ACCESS

You may now simply obtain the necessary
information in real-time from (nearly) any place.
All you need is a smart device and access to the
internet. Instead of asking someone in person, we
use Google Maps to see where we are. Purchasing
tickets is now easier than ever. Even the most
recent scientific research or economic analysis is
easily accessible information. It's simply a few
mouse clicks away.

SPEEDY OPERATION

All of this information allows us to do several

jobs at incredible speeds. IoT, for example,

makes automation simple. Smart industries

automate routine operations, allowing people

to devote their time and effort to more

difficult jobs. "DESIGN IS NOT JUST WHAT IT LOOKS AND

FEELS LIKE. DESIGN IS HOW IT WORKS"

SAVING MONEY

The Internet of Things is becoming increasingly popular
since the cost of tagging and monitoring machines is low
when compared to the amount of money saved. IoT
primarily assists people in their daily lives by allowing
their devices to connect with one another in an efficient
manner, saving and conserving energy and cost. Allowing
data to be exchanged and transferred across devices,
and then converting it into the format we want, makes
our systems more efficient.

PROBLEM & SOLUTIONS

COMPUTING

Edge computing, is the process of processing data at the network's edge. The information extraction
process is anticipated to begin as soon as the data is sensed. the focus should be on creating
lightweight algorithms for local data processing. This method will reduce data volume and avoid
delivering large amounts of raw data. As a result, various data reduction strategies should be used to
reduce the transmission overhead. Data prediction, and in-network processing are the three basic
approaches utilised for data reduction (Stojkoska et al., 2012). Predictions are made simultaneously
at each device and at the hub,for example predictions are made on both sides at the same time.
Moreover, in-network processing is the process of processing data in sequence as it travels to its
destination. Some aggregation procedures are conducted as data passes via intermediate nodes.

BIG DATA

IoT-generated data comes in large quantities, has a changing structure, is frequently
delivered in real time, and may have an unknown provenance. The storing and analytics
solution that will yield valuable insights is extremely complex due to the volume, velocity, and
variety (Zaslavsky et al., 2013). Handling huge data is a key challenge, this is because total
performance is directly proportional to the features of the data management service (Dobre
and Xhafa, 2014). A few solutions has emerged which is using 'Fullstack' vendors like IBM,
Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, and Software AG operate in different parts of the analytics pipeline
(data integration, data storage, core analytics, and data presentation) to organize the big
data.

SECURITY & PRIVACY

Cyber security, both for the wireless and wired elements of the systems, is one of the most serious
issues of the emerging requirements confronting smart grid development (Ning et al., 2013;
Schneps-Schneppe et al., 2012). Cyber terrorists could target the smart grid, which is a serious worry
for system designers. Because of the way data is exchanged, the Internet of Things is inherently
vulnerable to the majority of wireless network assaults.
As a result, IoT requires a security strategy, but it must be provided at the lowest possible cost.
Different approaches to providing security lightweight crypto-primitives should be investigated
(Altolini et al., 2013), in order to provide authenticity, integrity and confidentiality (make data
unreadable by others) (Dimitrievski et al., 2006).

SPACE

IMPLICATIONS

Developing IoT applications in smart home to build a smart environment
necessitates the use of efficient smart technologies. A smart tool for
space management, according to Valks et al. (2019), is a "service or
product with which information on space use is collected in real-time to
increase utilisation of the current area". Smart tools, such as a monitoring
system with PIR (passive infrared radiation) sensors were included as
part of the technology. Space is defined enclosed areas in residential
buildings allotted for specific activities (such as living halls), while space
use is defined as the utilisation of space. IoT is located at the most
needed space as it can assist the user to manage and organize their
smart home with the newest technology in an easiest way.

MECHANICAL
VENTILATION AND AIR-
CONDITIONING SYSTEM

SMART HVAC
SYSTEM

PROPOSAL FOR A MULTI STOREY
SMART HOME

APPLICATION

& SYSTEM

APPLICATION

VENTILATION
Ventilation can be divided into two (2) methods:

1.Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation utilises the natural forces of wind and buoyancy to move fresh air into structures. Air
will naturally enter the building's atmosphere and exit through fresh air is required in structures to expose
odours and heat generated by the building. Natural ventilation, on the other hand, cannot effectively reduce
humidity within a building, particularly in humid climates.
2. Mechanical ventilation
In comparison to natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation is more effective. By incorporating mechanical
devices such as fans into the ventilation process, the process of ventilation can be improved. The sort of
mechanical ventilation used varies according on the climate. For example, warm and humid regions demand
infiltration, which involves the removal of heat in order to receive cool air, whereas cold climates require
exfiltration, which involves the transfer of heat into the building via mechanical equipment.




AIR-CONDITIONING
Air conditioning is the technique of simultaneously
supplying oxygen and treating air in order to manage
the temperature in a structure. The primary reason air
conditioning is critical to the building environment is
due to the rapidly growing size of public and
commercial buildings, which require cooling and
dehumidification of the interior. The primary purpose
of air conditioning is to improve the air quality. This is
accomplished using ducted ventilation systems and
scientific techniques. The purpose is to provide and
maintain predefined internal air conditions.

Smart Home HVAC System Proposal

SMART HVAC SYSTEM

Smart HVAC systems have made it possible to heat buildings without the use of a
fireplace or stove that burns fuel during the cold winters. The invention of air
conditioning solved the need for cooling buildings throughout the scorching season
especially in Malaysia.

Fourth industrial revolution technology known as the Internet of Things (IoT) has
the potential to help individuals better manage their home climate control systems.
Improves the user's experience and saves money on HVAC system maintenance.
The Internet of Things (often known as IoT) is a network of interconnected
electronic gadgets. Automated systems and gadgets work together to collect data,
process it, and take action.

In a wireless or wired network, devices
are linked together through cables.
Despite the fact that cable connections are
more stable, wireless alternatives are
more nimble and quicker to set up and
maintain.

A connection or direct communication is
possible between the network device and
the rest of the network. A smart assistant,
such as Amazon Alexa or Siri, might
potentially be used to make IoT network
management easier.

BUILDING SERVICE
FUNCTION AND
INSTALLATION
PROCESS

BUILDING SERVICE FUNCTION

Smart HVAC systems are able to learn about your tastes and habits, modifying
themselves to provide the best possible level of comfort and energy efficiency for you.
More pleasurable life might be achieved if these systems were linked together. Apps on
smartphones will be able to interact with one other in the same manner. This technology
may improve the quality of life by minimising the need to maintain communications and
equipment. Modern appliances might be challenging to use at times, but a smart HVAC
system eliminates this issue.

REFINED TEMPERATURE CONTROL ACROSS THE HOME

1 A smart home system enables management of various rooms or parts of your
house with similar temperature control requirements. How often have you
heard a quarrel in your house about the thermostat? Having access to each
room has helped everyone to have a good night's sleep. For houses with
significant sun exposure or big areas of shadow, temperature variations
between rooms may be fairly significant depending on the time of day. Having
exact control through this smart home technology enables everyone to be
satisfied.

INCREASE CONVENIENCE OF CONTROL AND THE WOW FACTOR

2 OF YOUR HOME
Controlling your HVAC settings from your phone, room by room, is cool. It's
really amazing to ask your intelligent personal assistant to raise the
temperature a couple of degrees while you're watching a movie. Increasing
your home's resale value by having something truly unique on the market is
incredible. We don't believe you'll regret smartening up your home with some
of the following products. Continue reading for details on how to upgrade and
customise your smart home HVAC system.

INSTALLATION FOR
HVAC SYSTEM

1.Correctly Size New System; Calculate Heating and Cooling Loads

Installing an inappropriately sized unit results in early wear and tear, a shorter system's lifetime,
higher energy costs, and variable temperatures around the house throughout the various
seasons.

2. Investigate and Upgrade Current 3. Find the Ideal Location for Your Unit
Ductwork
Choose the location for your unit, whether you’ve
Look for leaks and repair and seal any chosen an indoor or outdoor system. It would be ideal
problem areas before moving on to if you did a thorough site evaluation then mark out
additional maintenance, like cleaning.
Even if you purchase the greatest unit 4. Installing the Unit
feasible, an HVAC system won’t attain
ideal performance without well sealed While the majority of modern units are wall-
ducts and adequate insulation around mounted, if you've chosen to install a brand-new
them. Both features boost efficiency by duct system, it is recommended that to follow the
lowering down energy expenditures while unit's installation instructions. This basic
guaranteeing proper operation. expedient is necessary due to the variety of
existing producers and those who may sell items
in the future.

5. Verify that the HVAC System is Running Smoothly

A poorly installed HVAC system can significantly lower performance by up to 30%. Before
turning on any new HVAC system, you should conduct a thorough check, including listening for
strange noises and checking that airflow and temperature are uniform throughout the house.

INSTALLATION FOR
SMART HVAC

Almost every piece of equipment may now
be connected to the Internet, and HVAC is
no exception. Temperature and humidity
may be remotely controlled through an

internet connection. Controlling the
temperature, air quality, and ventilation in
your home has never been easier thanks to

AI-enabled smart HVAC.

1.Smart HVAC systems often contain sensors that gather data and computers that analyze
it. Smart thermostats are often used in the HVAC industry. In addition, motion sensors
may be utilized to modify the HVAC setting based on the occupancy of the room

Additionally, there are systems with motion detectors fixed on the wall. The
thermostat may be instructed to raise the temperature if a person is in the room using
these sensors. Heating and cooling vents in your house may be automated so that
airflow is reduced in one area and increased in another, if you so choose.’

2. Receive, store, and analyze 3. Controllers for heating and
data in one central location. cooling systems. Compressors, air
However, a local computer may handlers, heaters, and coolers may
also be utilized to do the all be fitted with a remote control
processing of the data. unit.

4. The HVAC system may be accessed through a smartphone or tablet.
System control applications for heating and cooling systems.

- A smart HVAC system may incorporate a thermostat that
communicates with a smartphone application. Homeowners may
control the temperature with this app, even if they are at work.
Additionally, the app may function in reverse, delivering information
from the thermostat to the app; this information might include real-
time data such as interior temperatures or impending maintenance
requirements.

BENEFITS OF SYSTEM

1.Lowers electricity bills

It is common for traditional HVAC systems to deteriorate over time. Consequently,

they consume more energy to keep the home warm, which you pay for. Aside from

the fact that the cost of a single air conditioner is prohibitive, it's also expensive to

buy one on its own. Lowering your monthly utility expenses is the most obvious

and greatest benefit of using clever HVAC systems. If you're looking for a way to

save money on your utility bills while maintaining a comfortable temperature at

home, these systems are for you. 2. It provides excellent temperature control

Any smartphone or similar device may be used to manage a smart HVAC system,

allowing you to change its temperature from anywhere in your home. Users may

also save a lot of money by using digital thermostats instead of old-fashioned

mechanical ones. Heating and cooling schedules will be easy to set up. In addition,

if your lifestyle necessitates it, you may create a plan that is flexible enough to fit

your demands.

3. Helps to improve air quality

It's not uncommon for the air inside a home to be dirtier than the air outside in

some cities. That's why smart HVAC systems are ideal for circulating fresh air

throughout the house. They enable fresh air into your home, ensuring that it is

properly ventilated and free of pollutants. In addition, by removing moisture from

the air, they help to keep mould and germs at bay. Essentially, they serve the same

purpose as a dehumidifier, except they do it a lot better. Digital thermostats may

be used in certain smart HVAC systems to warn the fan when the air in the home

is filthy. The sensors pick up the signal and send it to the fan, which then turns on

and brings in some much-needed fresh air.

PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED

2. Install sensors at the 1.Ensure that security is not
appropriate intervals. overlooked.

Smart HVAC systems also need the When it comes to IoT
proper placement of sensors. implementation in HVAC, the first
Depending on the activities taking and most pressing problem is
place in the building, the security. Almost anything that is
temperature and humidity levels linked to the internet is vulnerable to
inside a single room may fluctuate. intrusion. Malefactors can search the
In the case of an oven thermostat, whole internet in an hour and target
for example, it will show a greater any device, from a toaster to a well-
air temperature than is really the protected server, using contemporary
case. Proper planning of the technology. The bad guys just need a
sensor's placement demands a high sliver of a crack in the network's
level of expertise and experience. defenses to get access and wreak
Prior to installing HVAC devices, it is havoc on the company's finances
advisable to confer with expert IoT and image. It's common to hear
and HVAC engineers. about hackers using IoT devices to
get access to private information.

3. Avoid latency

At times, separate IoT devices may operate in

an asynchronous fashion. Certain instructions

are performed with a delay, interfering with the

user experience. This occurs as a result of the

delay associated with data transmission and

processing. Additionally, the connection

between devices may be disrupted. This occurs

with both wireless and cable connections, the

latter being deemed more trustworthy. To

increase the quality of your internet connection,

boost your signal strength and ensure that big

obstacles, such as sick walls, do not block the

signal path.

SPACE
IMPLICATION

With the displacement

ventilation system, the
requirement for this system
to be operated efficiently is
needed for a higher ceiling
space. This requirement is due
to the warmer air which is
transferred from the
occupants or other appliances
will be going to the upper
space which is the ceiling
space. The warmer air will be
extracted to the outside of
the terminal with a diffuser of
fan in term of recirculate the
warmer air with the fresh air.

The higher ceiling space requirement also in means to create
two different level of air temperature which at the floor

spaces will be cold air and the ceiling are is the warmer air. In
term of plant for this system, this system needed for a huge
spaces to install the main part of the system which is the air
handling unit and chilled water pump. The space
requirements for the Wall Hung Split or Multi Head Split Air

Conditioners system is not a big deal due to excessive amount
of spaces for homes with high ceiling

CONCLUSION

The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to drastically improve
information availability and is expected to alter businesses and
organisations in practically every industry around the world. As a
result, most technology businesses' strategic objectives, regardless of
their industry emphasis, are anticipated to include discovering ways
to utilise the power of the IoT. The large number of various
technologies required to support IoT adoption and growth sets a
premium on interoperability, leading to broad attempts to define
standards and technical specifications that enable seamless
communication between IoT devices and components. Collaboration
among multiple standards development groups, as well as
amalgamation of some present projects, will provide greater clarity
for IoT technology businesses in the future.

REFERENCES

1.The 5 Safety Tips You Need to Know about Fire Rated Doors. (2020, November 16).
ASTA AMERICA. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from
https://www.astaamerica.com/blog/fire-door-safety

2.Aronson, B. (2020). 3 Common Intercom System Repair Issues. SecureTech.
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