FLIPBOOK ASSIGNMENT 1 (1)

BUILDING S E R V I C E S I I KUALA LUMPUR w w w.re ally gre a t sit e.c o m ILHAM TOWER B Q S 5 5 4 PREPARED FOR DR SITI NOR AZNIZA BINTI AHMAD SEKAK

NUR AISHAH BINTI MOHD YASIN 2021127699 NUR SHAZANA BINTI MOHAMAD SHAHRIMAN 2021393747 SITI FARAHIZATI BINTI MOHD MISRON 2021395737 SOFIA NABILAH BT MOHAMAD ZAHID 2021393659 SYAHIDAH NADHIRAH BINTI ZULKIFLE 2021101045 SYAZWANI BINTI AZMAN MASRI 2021101995

We have taken efforts in this report wholeheartedly. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them. We are highly indebted to Dr. Siti Nor Azniza binti Ahmad Sekak, for her guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the assignment and also for her support in completing this report. We would like to express our gratitude to our parents and friends for their kind cooperation and encouragement which helped us in the completion of this report. Our thanks and appreciations also go to our team members who finished the assignment and people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities. Assalamualaikum w.b.t., 1

Acknowledgement Introduction Case Study: Ilham Tower, Kuala Lumpur Security System Mechanical Handling System Fire System HVAC Telecommunication Conclusion References i ii 1 2 3 6 13 18 23 27 28

Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the building services provided by the case study for this assignment which was chosen to be Ilham Tower, located in Kuala Lumpur. The objectives of this case study report are to provide a well comprehension regarding the building services, the installation of the services, benefits, problems and space implication to the students whereby it can be an exposure on this new focus in the construction field. of Building Services The function of the building not limited to providing protection only. In essence, building services are what give a building to life by making it functional. An environment where people can feel comfortable, work, live, and be productive should be provided by the design of the building. Engineering principles serve as the foundation for the building services sector utilized in building design and the built environment. Building services are responsible for the environment in which we work and live, as well as factors related to the environmental conditions of the earth. More recently, the building services have evolved in response to the growth needs and expectations of the population of comfortable accommodations, conveniences, and a healthy home and workplace environment. 1

This tower is currently the fourth-tallest structure in Malaysia with a height of 314.5m and offers a mixed-use complex with offices, a hotel, an art gallery, and restaurants. Ilham Tower aims to be the new business address for the city's corporate elite and high-fliers. It is a smart combination of aesthetics and functionality. One of the many things property investment company IB Tower Sdn Bhd, which owns the building, is proud of is the impressive exterior design by Foster and partners. The Ilham Tower, with an impressive look that can be seen clearly from a distance standing among other towers, has a diagonal exoskeleton made of external trusses and triangulated concrete frames. The 60-storey building is nestled within KL’s Golden Triangle along Jalan Binjai, with the Petronas Twin Towers looming majestically nearby. of Ilham Tower 2 This tower founded by Lord Norman Foster, the world-renowned architecture, planning and design studio has won more than 300 design awards and 65 national and international design competitions. Foster himself monitored planning and developed Ilham Tower.

Installation Process Choosing the best locations for your cameras and DVR is the most important aspect of installing a CCTV camera system.It is crucial to avoid sources of light The cameras must be mounted so that they have an optimal field of view. Pay special attention to cameras with pan, tilt, and zoom (PTZ) capabilities. Physical recording equipment, typically a DVR, is required for the software setup for on-site recording systems. Once the cameras have been hardwired or connected via the internet to the system The final step in CCTV installation is to ensure that everything works properly. Run through each camera's video feed using the command software CCTV is an ideal option to site security because it can be monitored 365 days a year, 24 hours a day. Camera positioning is also important to ensure that it covers the entire building, as is selecting a camera type which can be fixed, movable, wide angle, close-up feature recognition, and so on. Of course, CCTV signage is required by law to warn anyone entering the site that they are being watched, including employees and visitors, as well as trespassers, vandals, or those with criminal intent What is CCTV ? ? Benefits Installing a CCTV system immediately deters criminals and theft. Intruders seek out easy targets where they can draw little attention to themselves. A camera system increases people's sense of security and reassurance, especially in high-crime areas. Many of the more advanced models are wireless, which means they can be viewed and monitored from smartphone or tablet A CCTV system is a low-cost form of security. Once installed, the system is very simple to maintain and requires few repairs 1. 2. 3. Problems Employees and customers may object to being filmed and constantly monitored as a matter of privacy Cameras and other CCTV system equipment are expensive to purchase 1. 2. Space Limitations The installation of CCTV in our proposed building does not disrupt the space because the CCTV are installed on the edge of each ceiling and the cables are hidden inside the ceiling. 3 of Ilham Tower

What is Card Access ? Installation Process The card reader's precise location must comply to the approved Access Control System Device Layout plan. The card reader's height shall be as per standard mounting height 1.2 m bottom line of card reader from finish floor level. Detach the mounting plate from the Card reader and screw it into the concealed back box using the appropriate hardware. Remove the field wiring from the back box through the card reader mounting plate hole Stripe the cable with a wire stripper before twisting and screwing it into the card reader terminal strip, as shown in the typical wiring detail diagram. Push all of the extended cables into the hidden back box and secure the card reader to the mounting plate. Benefits Card access control systems store information about every person who enters the building and have the ability to easily change key privileges. The system records the time, location, and name of the person who entered the moment an employee scans their card Can be immediately removed from the system's database and a new one issued Card access enables to easily grant temporary or contact workers, clients, or visitors access. It can grant access to anyone for a set period of time when combined with the access control management programme. 1. 2. 3. Problems Access are easily lost and then discovered by someone who should not have access to the building. Similarly, an unauthorised person could act more specifically and attempt to steal a card or ta Access control systems can be jeopardised. When a system is hacked, a person gains access to the information of several people, depending on where the information is stored 1. 2. The Importance By installing access control systems, even criminals will have access to your premises' control system. Unauthorized individuals are successfully prohibited from entering the office thanks to the access cards. The staff members will have peace of mind in terms of security with the access card system Every employee who enters the office will be recorded by an access control system. When access cards are swiped or placed on the access control system, it tracks every entry and exit from the office A card access system manages, monitors, and grants physical access to specific areas of a building Swipe Cards RFID 4 of Ilham Tower

A visitor management system used at the reception counter that located at the lobby of the Ilham Tower. A visitor management monitors how a business, public building, or site is used. A visitor management system can record the usage of facilities by specific visitors and provide documentation of visitor's whereabouts by gathering increasing amounts of information What is Visitor Management System? Considerations Database security, both at the national and end-user stages of an electronic security system, is a critical concern for privacy advocates. They argue that as the amount of information accessed, gathered, and retained grows, additional security measures to protect the information itself should be implemented.The level of security provided to access cards is also an issue. Some privacy advocates point to research that has cracked the security of RFID cards, which are sometimes used as part of a visitor management system. If the security of these types of cards is compromised, identity thieves will be able to steal personal information. Benefits Ensure that everyone inside, entering, and exiting your building is valid. Visitor management assists in the collection, tracking, processing, and storage of this information visitor management solutions can help to manage the workplace for safety and provide a complete audit trail by utilising technologies such as touchless access control Reduce the building's operating costs by eliminating shifts during low-traffic times. 1. 2. 3. Problems A visitor may be too quick or too sloppy when filling out their information in the visitor's log The entire process of contacting the front desk, filling out the visitor log, and informing the receptionist is far too timeconsuming Visitor information is private. If a visitor's driver's licence is scanned, their identity could be stolen if the data is not safeguarded 1. 2. 3. The Importance Pen & Paper Cloud Based System Implementing a visitor management system provides building owners with complete control and visibility of everyone entering and exiting a building, providing a safe environment for employees Simplifying the process of managing visitors allows them to search for information without having to go through multiple pages of information 5 of Ilham Tower

OF ILHAM TOWER Elevators are a crucial part of a building's transportation system.The duration of waiting time and service time on the elevator is an important criteria for building service for elevator passengers. In this section we going to explain the system use by Ilham Tower which is Hybrid Call Destination Control System. It has a total of 22 lifts. For serviced apartment lifts, it has 4 nos. Low zone office lifts and high zone office lift both has 6 nos. Next for podium car park or gallery lift has 2-3 nos of lifts. The average waiting time during peak hours is less than 26 seconds with handling capacity of more than 11.9%. For a serviced apartments the average waiting time during peak hours is less than 48 seconds with handling capacity of more than 7.0%. BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY 66

APPLICATION DURING PEAK HOUR Hybrid Call Destination Control System is known as a Smart Lift. The term "hybrid lift destination control" refers to a combination of pure conventional control and lift destination control. Both are available on the lifts. Terminals for destination floor indication at each landing. In the lift vehicle, a normal automobile operating panel with designating floor buttons (The Lift Consultancy, 2018). Based on the illustration, it shows directly how this lift system work. Each lift already has their own destination. The most appropriate operation schedule is determined by an intelligent calculating algorithm based on the registered destination floor. When you input the desired destination, the Destination Control screen responds by identifying which lift will handle the request. The optimisation process in a destination control system will result in people heading to the same floors being grouped together.This implies they have a bigger "handling capacity" and can move more people.In destination control, the passenger may have to wait longer to be picked up because they are not always assigned to the next car to arrive. However, because the elevator makes fewer stops, the overall travel time is usually shorter than that of a traditional system. As we have additional handling capacity available, we can often bring an overcrowded traditional system out of saturation by introducing destination control (Toshiba, 2023). During lunch, the automobile capacity can be used in both the up and down directions. As a result, we can transport more passengers every round journey. The round journey will take longer, but the overall handling capacity will be greater. 7

DEVICE CONNECTION AND POSITION OF EACH PARTS The component of the Hybrid Destination Control System is slightly different from the traditional elevator. It have an indicator to show which lift headed to which floor. HDC : Hall Destination Controller -Enter the destination floor. -The display shows the assigned lift number. The card reader is being used by others. -Place the card on the card reader, and it will activate. HDI : Hall Destination Indicator Display the designated destination floor for each elevator in the hall. HCI : Hall Car Indicator The appointed lift's name is displayed on the display for the Hall Car Indicator. 8

CROSS SECTION OF AN ELEVATOR Use an electric motor to raise and lower the elevator by winding two cables or wire ropes onto steel drums(HomeElevat ors.com, n.d.). DRUM An electric motor is linked to the sheave. The sheave elevates the elevator when the motor spins one way; when the motor turns the other direction, the sheave lowers the elevator(Harris, 2002). SHEAVE The Machine room is a section of the elevator that houses the Controller, two electrical disconnects, and the pump unit. The Controller is a set of relays that assists in the operation of the elevator(florenceeditor, 2019). MACHINE ROOM 9

INSTALLATION PROCESS OF HYBRID DESTINATION CONTROL SYSTEM First, the technician will ensure that the location of the lift put is suitable. There should be adequate room to work securely without interfering with the workflow. Both levels' flooring must be strong enough to sustain the lift mechanism when loaded. The technician will also ensure that there is sufficient overhead clearance for loading and unloading the goods. They will bolt the columns and guide them into position. SETTING THE COLUMN IN PLACE. Outlines will be created on the floor and walls to ensure that the carriage is properly positioned to go up the columns in an even and level position. The carriage is positioned inside the columns exactly as specified by these marks. Wheelblocks will be attached to the carriage uprights and affixed to the columns. Lift chains have been fitted and are linked to the wheelblocks. When the carriage is elevated, they should not run off the sprocket. ADDING THE CARRIAGE It will be necessary to raise a drive base above the columns. This motordrive will be fastened to the main supports and welded in place. RAISING THE DRIVE BASE Gates and enclosures are necessary to keep objects from falling from the VRC and hurting someone. These should be tightly welded in place. ASSEMBLE AND SETTING THE GATES AND ENCLOSURE The technician will handle all of the wiring that allows the lift to move up and down. This ensures that the elevator may be operated with the flip of a switch and safe for the user. WIRING THE ELECTRIC COMPONENT A comprehensive inspection of the device is the final stage in a successful lift installation. The lift will next be shown to the staff or a designated operator in a safe manner. This should be the lift's last operating inspection. CHECKING 1 3 4 2 5 6 10

All machine and gear are located in one machine room Lift can be inter-connected more conveniently from the installation point of view Greater convenience in service owing to the landing opening and each floor being adjacent. Based on the illustration Ilham Tower arrangement of the elevator give several benefit (ArchiMonarch, 2020) : PRINCIPLE AND SYSTEM SPACE IMPLICATION Lift Position of Ilham Tower for Office Zones Lift Position of Ilham Tower for Gallery and Car Park BUILDING REGULATION (1) Fire elevators must be installed in buildings where the highest inhabited floor is more than 18.5 metres above the fire appliance access level. (2) A penthouse that occupies less than 50% of the space of the floor immediately below is excluded from this measurement. (3) If the fire lifts open onto a separate lobby, they must be positioned within a separate protected shaft. According to Section 124 of the UBBL 1984, all nonresidential buildings with more than four storeys above or below the main entry level must have at least one lift. In terms of the provision of BOMBA lift or Fire Lift, Section 243 of the UBBL 1984 reads [4]: 243. The fire lift. 11

Benefit of Hybrid Destination Controls System Faster movement through your building The number of floor stops is decreased by registering the destination floor before the elevator travel since people who wish to move to the same floor can be gathered at the same elevator. As a result, the ride duration is cut in half. Lower energy consumption Efficient system control results in fewer unneeded stops and lowers building energy usage. Overall building security has been improved. The integration of modern dispatching technologies such as expert systems, fuzzy logic, and neural networks assures the elevators' great efficiency and safety. The system, instantly call the elevator to the specified floor destination. Passengers are no longer needed to input the destination floor once they enter the lift. It alleviates the strain of entering the destination within a crowded lift, therefore increasing the passenger experience. Less time queuing Destination Control System significantly reduces service time, relieving passengers' stress caused by morning and evening rush hour traffic. 1 PROS AND CONS OF HYBRID DESTINATION CONTROL SYSTEM The problem for this elevator system is obviously toward the user. First of all it give difficulty toward the first time user. Of couse the main user in Ilham Tower is the worker who works in the office floor level but Ilham Tower also open for public for certain level. For example, the podium car parks and gallery of Ilham Tower. Not all visitor is a regular user, so they must found it difficult to use the elevator with specific system unlike the traditional elevator system. Those who are unfamiliar with the system or who are in a hurry may enter the elevator when the doors are open. However, because most systems do not have visible floor buttons within the lift, getting into their floors is not always feasible, therefore the only solution is to exit the lift and input the destination there. If the user enters the floor several times, the system will frequently believe that numerous persons are waiting and will assign vacant spots to this one person. In order to avoid this problem and receive the full satisfaction from the occupant of the elevator, we think Ilham Tower should provide a instruction in front of the elevator or have a person in charge to assist the visitor. Problem of Hybrid Destination Controls System 12

FIRE SAFETY MEASURES The goal of fire safety is to increase human safety in the event of a fire by anticipating fire threats. There are many ways to ensure safety, including selecting the right building forms or façades, installing fire alarms, installing water- and chemical-based active protection systems, compartmentation, installing evacuation lifts, implementing emergency egress plans, installing structural fire resistance systems, and pressurising staircases. All of these actions are thought to reduce hazards or at the very least, keep them from getting worse (V.D. et al., 2018). I N I L H A M T O W E R 13

Sprinkler System HOW IT WORKS? Spread of fire by releasing water through a number of sprinkler heads connected to a distribution piping system. Once the air temperature in the area hits 165 degrees Fahrenheit, water is delivered through the sprinkler heads. According to (Fire Sprinkler Systems | NIOSH, 2022), an automatic extinguishing system (AES) known as a fire sprinkler system stops the expansion, INSTALLATION CPVC tubing and disguised fire sprinkler heads are typically used in fire sprinkler installations. Solvent cement is used to bond the pipework together and fasten it to the building. install the fire sprinkler heads as part of the first fix - allow for pressure testing of the entire system before it is sealed off by ceilings or floors. sprinkler head is precisely installed. Allow minimum 150mm ceiling void. 14

Smoke Control System Smoke can be quite dangerous, and its consequences go far beyond simple toxicity. Smoke reduces occupant visibility and blocks light. Hence, this reduces travel speed, making it harder for passengers to reach safety. Additionally, smoke can be quite hot, which can cause your lungs to burn. Fortunately, smoke control systems can assist building residents in avoiding smoke during an evacuation in the event of a fire. The need for the design, installation, and testing of smoke control systems is found in NFPA 92, Standard for Smoke Control Systems. (O'Connor, 2021) 15

IMPORTANCE HOW IT WORKS Enable high-risk occupants to be evacuated by fire and rescue teams first. The surviving evacuees have a pressurised stairwell where they can wait to be evacuated in a smoke-free environment. Give firefighters and rescuers safe places to work from so they can put out fires. If necessary, give escape routes to the workers of the fire and rescue services. By regulating the air pressure in an escape route, these devices ensure that emergency evacuation routes remain free of smoke and fire in the event of an epidemic. (Stairwell Pressurisation Systems in Multi-Storey Buildings, n.d.) OBJECTIVE Stairwells are pressurised to stop heat and smoke from escaping through closed doors and entering the stairs. The systems regulate air pressures to limit the transfer of heat and smoke. Pressurized Stairwell 16

How it works It creates air pressure differences between adjacent spaces, such as a burning chamber and an emergency exit. A wall will always have positive and negative air pressure on opposite sides due to these air pressure variances (or fluctuations). A pressurization system must work wellcombining air injection, air pressure relief, and air release from the burning region. This method can be well established by injecting air into the stairwell, making sure the air pressure in the stairwell (the emergency escape route) is bigger compared to next door where the fire is growing. Positive or higher air pressure in the stairwell keeps smoke and heat from seeping into the escape route. The heightened air pressure prevents heat and smoke from entering the stairs by obstructing their flow. Installing pressurized relief valve (specialized & authorized) Smoke and heat will enter the enclosed space if the stairwell air pressure is too low. People won't be able to open stairway doors if the air pressure in the stairs is too high. The PRV-123 and PRV-F2 pressure relief vents are fully compliant with all standards for preventing stairway overpressurization. These pressure relief vents can be used in industrial settings and are simple to instal. Even applications for the defence industry use these PRV vents in conjunction with security louvres. (Stairwell Pressurisation Systems in Multi-Storey Buildings, n.d.) 17

How it works As in a huge building, it needs to use direct expansion or DX central air conditioning plant. The process of this system is the air cooling space is chilled directly by the refrigerant in the cooling coil of the air handling unit. The efficiency of the DX system is higher because it is using a direct expansion. Generally, it use in a small spaces or building on the single floor since it is hard to carry the materials of the plant to the larger distances. IInstallation of The DX Type of Central Conditioning Systems The HVAC supplier will also sell products like humidifiers, ventilators and home automatic systems. The HVAC technician should focus on the climate of the place in improving the air quality. Then, it is important to choose the best size for the HVAC to ensure it suits the space size. If it chooses the wrong size, it will not cool the whole are efficiently. An oversized unit will lower the efficiency of the system, lead to premature wear and tear and shorten its lifespan. The technician should conduct a load calculation to determine the right size of HVAC for the area. The technician should also offer the energy efficient products for the place. Generally, the HVAC system lasts between 15 to 20 years, fitting energy efficient equipment will help in saving energy and money in the long run. The technicians are required to check the ductwork too. If there is a problem with the dutchwork, the technician needs to repair the damage and seal the dutchwork. If there is a block such as debris or dust, it needs to be cleaned up. The refrigerant lines also need to be examined by the technician. If the condition is not in the best way, it needs to be installed. In installing the new lines, the technician needs to fit the correct length of piping, braze or solder the pipes and perform a refrigerant leak test to ensure there is no coolant leaking from the soldered joint. Lastly, technicians need to ensure the HVAC system is running in a smooth way. It needs to be double checked after the installation is done. It needs to be run through some basic maintenance tasks that can be handled and need to schedule seasonal and annual professional maintenance. If the installation is not in the right way, the HVAC system will not run properly and the performance will be low. 18

1 MAIN COMPARTMENTS OF THE DX TYPE OF CENTRAL CONDITIONING SYSTEMS The Air Handling Unit Room The refrigerant is kept in a separate room. The condenser in the plant room enters the thermostatic expansion valve and then the air handling unit. It uses a huge box type of unit that comprising the thermostatic expansion valve the refrigerant enters the cooling oil where it cools the air that enters the space to be air conditioned. The fins used to cover the evaporator in the air handling unit of the DX central air conditioning system is of coil type as it helps in catalyst the heat transfer efficiency from the refrigerant to the air. The Plant Room The important parts that are needed in the refrigerator system for the plant room, which are the compressor and the condenser. There are two types of compressor that can be used, which are semi-hermetically sealed or open types. The open type compressor is a water cooled type while the semihermetically sealed compressors are cooled by the air that will be blown by the fan. The motor shaft or the belt via pulley arrangement directly drives the open compressor. It used water to cool the condenser of the shell and tube type. It can help in fastening the cooling process of refrigerant by flow along the tube side of the condenser and water along the shell side. The condenser can be kept cool at the other convenient location other than the two places which are the water used for cooling the compressor and the condenser is cooled in the cooling tower kept at the top of the plant room. It consists of two types of ducts connected to the air handling unit which are for the hot return air from the space or room as the absorber and for the chilled air sender to the spaces for the air conditioned. The hot return air that has been absorbed by the blower of the air handling unit from the room via the ducts. Then through the filters and the cooling coil, the air will be passed through. Lastly, the blower will flow the chilled air by the ducts to the spaces or rooms that need to be air conditioned. 19

1 MAIN COMPARTMENTS OF THE DX TYPE OF CENTRAL CONDITIONING SYSTEMS Air Condition Room This is the space for cooling. The type of room that can be included are like a residential room, room of the hotel, part of the building or any space that is suitable. Through all the rooms, the ducts from the air handling room are passed while the ducts are connected to the grills or diffusers that supply the chilled air to the room. The heat will be absorbed by the air around the rooms and get heated. It will be flowed through another set of the grill and into the return air duct that ends into the air handling unit room. The air handling unit will recirculate the air. The air handling units and the refrigerant piping need to be kept a short distance since it will cause a lot of drops in pressure of the refrigerant along the way while it carries the cooled air. The system will be very expensive and easily have problems with maintenance. Thus, a large amount of refrigerator needs for the long piping. Since it cannot be used in a large distance, thus, the air conditioning system of about 5 to 15 tons will only apply on small buildings or space that consist of a single floor. The multiple direct expansion system can be installed if there are large air conditioning loads. It can run the other at full load in case the other has a lesser heat load. So, it can be shut down. At higher load, the DX can run at an efficient state. The other plant can be used when the other might break down. However, the DX types of central air conditioning plant are likely less common than the chilled water type central conditioning plant. 20

OF ILHAM TOWER The purpose of the HVAC system is to help in maintaining the good indoor air quality through proper ventilation with filtration and also gives thermal comfort to the surrounding. It also has potential for natural ventilation and operable windows. In certain area of the world, there are part with high temperature and humid surroundings, thus, natural ventilation through open windows is one of the best way for an effective and efficient way to apply HVAC system as it provide outside air ventilation, cooling and thermal comfort. The HVAC system can be an energy recovery ventilation system. Generally, indoor air can be more polluted than the outdoor air. So, most HVAC system designers know that the increase in the number of outdoors air supply is generally better for IAQ. Thus, the designer of the HVAC tries to reduce the amount of outdoor air equal to outside air.The HVAC system is also to help to control the humidity of a room as 30 to 65 percent. The temperature should be around 20 to 26 degree celsius. Since air conditioning system will have an impact to the room air comfort, so it will give effect to the productivity of the people. 21

HOW IT WORKS Importance of HVAC Reduced energy cost Today's air conditioning uses half of the energy that the processor uses to deliver the same amount of cold air. In a big building, it needs to use high energy to make it work. Thus, it is important to use the system that can save energy and cost. Better climate control The modern system nowadays comes with variable speed fans that flow the precise cooling. It will keep the surroundings at the temperature we need. As the old one had two settings which are on and off. The switch will turn on and run full blast until the temperature goes down and would turn off. 22

B B ac a kbo c ne k ca b blin o g in n the e line C, als a o re b ferr l e i d n togas ve S rtic y al s cab t li e ng,m acts as a bridge between telecommunication rooms and entrance facilities. The cabling framework incorporates the backbone links, fundamental cross-connects, and mechanical terminations. The links can run between floors (known as risers) or between structures (interbuilding). Backbone cabling consists of the cables that run through the entire infrastructure. It covers the major portion of the whole premises. The backbone cabling itself has two subsystems, which are cabling subsystems 2 which connect horizontal crossconnects and intermediate cross-connects. Also cabling subsystem 3 which connects Intermediate cross-connects and the main crossconnects. (Introduction,2018) Telecommunication is a part of building services which transmit messages over significant distances, for the purpose of communication. The Ilham Tower provides 10G Fiber optic vertical backbone infrastructure for Office floors in the riser for voice and data connections. Then 10G Fiber Optic To The Unit (FTTU) for all Serviced Apartments. There are also 150 pairs of Cat 6 copper cable per Office floor in the riser for optional analogue voice connections. CAT 6A horizontal cabling system for Serviced Apartments for data, voice and IPTV connections. 23

Entrance Facilities Telecom facilities entering a building or residence from the outside of the facilities, from a local service carrier or private network then pass through an opening in the exterior wall via a conduit. This cabling enters a room where other devices are deployed, including network connection points, patch panels, equipment racks, hardware connectors, power supplies and protection devices for grounding, shielding and lightning protection. (Cablesandkits.com, 2020) Benefits Structured cabling greatly simplifies the installation of a cable infrastructure that supports a wide variety of voice and data communications equipment. Whether installing a coaxial outlet in a home or wiring a skyscraper, the components are all made to specific standards for electrical transmission, resistance, cable lengths, connectors and cable fabrication. The installation, troubleshooting and maintenance of cable infrastructures are greatly simplified with structured cabling. This saves money through standardization of all hardware components and cable types. It also saves time with installation as connectors and their wiring are greatly simplified. The ANSI/TIA-568 standard is adaptable to virtually any kind of residential and commercial wiring requirements. 24

Applications Large Data Centers Since data centers need strong support from the cabling system, structured cabling is at their service. It assists the data center in managing and sending a large amount of data. Due to its improved structure and functionality, there are no chances of data burn. Network Cabling One can use a structured cabling to connect different devices inside a room. Since the Internet of Things (IoT) is taking over, the need for increased connectivity is rising. For better networking, structured cabling is the best option. Security Purposes The connectivity of different devices is necessary for the security of your business. Businesses with sensitive data can better utilize structured cabling since it is highly effective. They are used in CCTV system installation and other surveillance equipment like control sensors. Distributed Antenna Systems A distributed antenna system (DAS) is widely used by large businesses to provide Wi-Fi service to employees. The process incorporates mass notifications and large data carriage. A structured cable can better serve the needs of companies using distributed antenna systems. 25

Installation The use of pre terminated MPO trunks offers faster installation speeds, factory-assembled performance, easier administration, and higher panel/shelf density. As shown in figure above, when the building backbone is deployed with pre terminated MPO trunks, MPO patch cords are used to connect the MPO connectors in the installed cabling to the MPO connectors in the 40 Gbps or 100 Gbps equipment. As the transceivers and panel ports are always pinned, MPO cords with unpinned MPO connectors are used. When installing pre terminated cabling in the buildings, care must be taken to ensure that the risk of damage to the pre terminated ends is minimized during installation. Installing MPObased pre terminated fiber cabling in the riser requires that sufficient space be allocated and the IDFs on each floor are all located in line vertically. However, in cases where the IDFs are not aligned and/or sufficient space is not available in pathways, a conventional approach as described for existing installations may be appropriate. To protect the pre terminated ends, the use of pulling socks is strongly recommended when installing pre terminated cabling. Reusable pulling socks can be ordered to help ensure the MPO connectors are not damaged during installation. (Introduction,2018) 26

In conclusion, building services are an important part of any installation. The security system, mechanical handling system simply known as lifts, fire system, HVAC system and telecommunication system are important to everyday life and these building services play a key role in energy efficiency and safety. Ilham Tower has maintained and provided those building services efficiently. Through the case study of the Ilham Tower, students’ have developed the ability to identify and explain relevant information relating to all building services provided in the building. The security systems provided in this building are CCTV system, card access and visitor management system. For the mechanical handling system, Hybrid Call Destination Control System is known as a Smart Lift were installed. 27 Other than that, the fire system that had been used within the Ilham Tower building is the sprinkler system that complies with NFPA Standard. As the building is considered as a huge building, direct expansion or DX central air conditioning plant are being used. The process of this system is the air cooling space is chilled directly by the refrigerant in the cooling coil of the air handling unit. The Backbone Cabling System was installed within the building to support and enable the telecommunication services to be executed smoothly. In addition, this case study also increased students’ ability to distinguish between the installation of different types of systems in this building and has increased ability to analyze the problems and benefits of the building management system.

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29 AMCWILLIAMSANDSON. (2018). 6 Steps a Technician Should Follow When Installing a New HVAC System. https://www.mcwilliamsandson.com/blogs/6-steps-a-technicianshould-follow-when-installing-a-new-hvac-system Nazir, C. P. (2014). Offshore hydroelectric plant: A techno-economic analysis of a renewable energy source. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 34, 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.006 Peters Research. (2006). Understanding the Benefits and Limitations of Destination Control. Peters Research. https://petersresearch.com/index.php/papers/understanding-the-benefits-and-limitations-ofdestination-control/ Pflow Industries. (2017, September 24). The 5 Basic Steps of Lift Installation | PFlow VRCs & Vertical Lifts. PFlow Industries. https://www.pflow.com/5-basic-steps-lift-installation/ PJW Perunding. (2020). Lift and Escalator. Perunding JW | M&E Consultant. https://www.perundingjw.com/mechanical/lift-andescalator/#:~:text=Lift%20Requirements%20in%20Malaysia StackPath. (n.d.). Cablinginstall.com, from https://www.cablinginstall.com/connectivity/article/16465584/installing-backbonecabling-systems The Lift Consultancy. (2018, January 27). Lift Destination Control – Part 1. The Lift Consultancy - Lift Consultants. http://theliftconsultancy.co.uk/lift-destination-controlpart-1/ Toshiba. (2023). Destination Control System FLOORNAVI | Products : Function & Option | TOSHIBA ELEVATOR AND BUILDING SYSTEMS CORPORATION. Toshiba-Elevator.co.jp. https://www.toshiba-elevator.co.jp/elv/infoeng/products/floornavi/