Water Resources Magazine Zambia 2020

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ZAMBIA MARCH 2020

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World Water Day

WATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE

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FORWARD REMARKS

Our Water Resources

Zambia is endowed with the most abundant surface and technologies could reduce industrial water
and groundwater resources among the Southern consumption by half, however measures to conserve
African countries with about 45% of the water supplies water require both the will and the way. “Access to
of the total water resources of Southern Africa. While a secure, safe and sufficient source of freshwater is a
one of the great contradictions is that in some parts fundamental requirement for the survival, well-being
of the country, the demand for fresh, clean water and socio-economic development of all humanity. Yet,
already outstrips the supply. The reason is simple: we continue to act as if freshwater were a perpetually
Climate Change, Industrialization and expansion of abundant resource. It is not.”—Kofi Annan
human settlements. Deeper wells and new reservoirs This publication highlights sound reasons why we
may bring temporary relief, but the amount of rain that should manage our precious water resources. It also
falls and the amount of water stored under the ground discusses the need for water conservation for future
essentially keep declining. Unfortunately, much of the generations.
rain occurs in the form of torrential downpours. These  
not only cause floods but also result in water running Kulani Media Team
quickly off the land, since there is little vegetation left
to hold the water, it rushes away almost as quickly as
it falls from the sky. Increased efficiency, innovations

Contents

6 Zambia Water Challenges amid the 22 Rainwater Harvesting Importance

Climate Change Crisis

24 Water Transmission and COVID-19

11 World Water Day 2020

25 World Plumbing Day 2020

12 LCC Embarks on Massive COVID-19 26 Water Tank Transforms Queen’s
Sensitisation in Public Places

Life

14 The “Green Gold”. Growing you money

from trees

18 Health Aspects of Plumbing Facts Sheet

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General Manager: Roderick Mulowa Contributors: Simon Mwamba, Carol
Content Manager: Merab Mwenya Mulowa Ngwengwe, Agatha Mali, McDonald
Design: Lance Dick Shampande
Production: Helena Gabriels

Disclaimer: Material in this publication does not necessarily reflect the considered opinion of Kulani Media or those of the key 3
contributors, nor does mention of trade names and commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

Water Resources Management

WaterAid Zambia calls for urgent action
on water as a “first line of defence” against
the growing threat of climate change

‘ON THE FRONTLINE:
THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S WATER 2020’

WORLD WATER DAY- 22ND MARCH, 2020

WaterAid Zambia is calling for urgent action from the against the growing threat of climate change. The
Zambian government and all stakeholders to include most immediate and widespread impacts of climate
resilient-safe water, adequate sanitation and good change are felt through water – on one extreme too
hygiene in their plans for dealing with the impact of little water evidenced by droughts, on the other hand,
climate change. World Water Day is commemorated too much water; evidenced by floods, all of which
globally on the 22nd of March and this year’s theme threaten people’s access to safe water.
is Water and Climate Change. The Climate Change WaterAid Zambia calls upon the Zambian Government
Crisis is a Water crisis! to provide climate resilient water and sanitation
services which should be clearly provided for in
According to the 2017 JMP, 40% percent of Zambians the National Adaptation Plans.  These plans set
(7 million people) do not have access to a safe water a baseline from which countries can develop bids
close to home, which is makes it much harder to cope to access global climate funding sources which is
with the growing impacts of climate change. critical.
Zambia ranks 37th amongst the most vulnerable
WaterAid’s analysis of global water access On countries to climate change out of 195 countries –
the frontline: The state of the world’s water 2020 among the top 25% in the world - but only receives
examines how climate change is making it harder USD $11.40 per person, per year in climate finance.
for people in the world’s poorest countries to rely This is for both mitigation – cutting carbon emissions
on being able to drink clean water every day, whilst – and adaptation – reducing the impacts of climate
highlighting the currently inadequate amounts of change. While developing countries contribute very
climate finance spent in these countries to help them little to global carbon emissions, they are the least
cope with the impacts of climate change. prepared to withstand the effects, with little money
Everyone needs water to survive. Ensuring that allocated towards helping them. The average person
everyone has a source of safe water they can rely on in Zambia accounts annually for emissions of 0.292
whatever the weather, is the vital first line of defence metric tonnes of carbon dioxide - compared to the

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Water Resources Management

average per capita emission in the United States of Government to prioritize funding to WASH to ensure
16.5 metric tonnes. coverage of WASH services are scaled up.
Across the world nearly 800 million people do not WaterAid Zambia works to make clean water, decent
have access to clean water close to home, while a toilets and good hygiene normal for everyone,
staggering two billion people do not have access to a everywhere within a generation. The international,
water service that is free from contamination, putting not-for-profit organisation works to change the lives
them at risk of waterborne disease and death. of the poorest and most marginalised people. Since
By 2050, the number of people expected to face 1981, WaterAid Zambia has reached 3 million people.
problems in getting water at least once a month, is WaterAid Zambia operates in 4 Provinces in Lusaka
expected to grow to five billion globally – over 50% (Lusaka District), Southern (Monze and Kazungula
of the world’s population. Access to clean water Dstricts), Luapula (Mwense and Samfya Distrcts)
is uniquely vulnerable as climate change piles and Western (Mwandi District)  For more information,
more pressure on water sources that are already visit www.wateraid.org, follow @wateraidzambia on
overstretched due to inadequate infrastructures, poor Twitter, or find WaterAid Zambia on Facebook at www.
water management and a lack of government funding. facebook.com/wateraidzambia.
WaterAid Zambia therefore calls upon the Zambian

KEY FINDINGS OF THE STATE OF THE WORLD WATER REPORT:

1 Half of all countries get less than USD $5.20 in climate finance per person, per year to help them cope
with the climate crisis.

2 Only 5% of climate finance is spent on helping countries adapt to climate change. Even less is spent in the
most vulnerable countries, and less still on vital services like clean water, placing billions of lives at risk.

3 Half of countries where more than 10% of people do not have water close to home get less than 84 cents
per person, per year in climate finance for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) service adaptation.

4 In Africa, which accounts for less than 4% of global carbon emissions, over two-thirds of countries have
less than USD $1 in climate finance per person, per year allocated towards clean water, decent sanitation
and hygiene.

No-one can survive without clean water. No-one can the impacts of climate change which is putting the
thrive if they have to struggle to find it. But right now, health and lives of millions at risk. Government must
our changing climate is making life harder for the recognise the vital role clean water plays in helping
world’s poorest people who are already struggling to their people be more resilient to climate change and
get clean water. work to address this urgent threat now so that future
“WaterAid’s report shows that far too little is spent generations can stay safe and healthy.”
on helping the most vulnerable people adapt to

Pamela Chisanga

WaterAid Zambia- Country Director

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Water Resources Management

Zambia Water Challenges Amid The
Climate Change Crisis - Reflections On
The Water, Livelihood And Energy Nexus

WRITTEN BY: SIMON MWAMBA (ZAMBIA CLIMATE CHANGE NETWORK)

As Zambia joins the global community in It is against this background that I wish to look at the
commemorating this year’s World Water Day, it is water and climate change linkages in that the water
imperative to critically reflect on the 2020 theme, sector is critical in addressing adaptation to climate
“Water and Climate Change”, by looking at the water, change as well as in building resilience.
livelihood and energy nexus. The sustainable management of water resources is
This years’ theme comes at the critical but cardinal in a country that boasts of having more than
rather opportune time in that there has been the 40% of freshwater resources in the Southern African
highest political will from the head of state who region but is vulnerable to the effects of climate
has constantly called for concerted stakeholder change.  According to the National Climate change
engagement in addressing climate change. The Policy of 2016, the water sector is among the highly
President Edgar Chagwa Lungu in his Address in the impacted sectors despite the abundant resources that
State of the Nation Address (SONA) in September Last the country has from its rivers, lakes and underground
year during the opening of the National Assembly water in that the country has isolated semi-arid areas
dedicated his speech to addressing climate change. in the southern and western parts.

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ACCESS TO SAFE WATER

It is against this background that I wish to look at the region but is vulnerable to the effects of climate
water and climate change linkages in that the water change.  According to the National Climate change
sector is critical in addressing adaptation to climate Policy of 2016, the water sector is among the highly
change as well as in building resilience. impacted sectors despite the abundant resources that
The sustainable management of water resources is the country has from its rivers, lakes and underground
cardinal in a country that boasts of having more than water in that the country has isolated semi-arid areas
40% of freshwater resources in the Southern African in the southern and western parts.

WATER AND LIVELIHOODS

Water resources are as important as having good lead to deaths of livestock that are the major fall back
soils and inputs. Water stress in agriculture has had for some farmers in times of crop failure. The effects
negative effects on food security and economic of climate change and unsustainable water resource
development in the country. The agriculture sector is utilization and management ultimately impacts on
dependent on rainfall especially among small scale food security, nutritional security, reduced incomes
farmers were droughts and flash floods have become and national economic productivity. The last farming
frequent due to climate change. season of 2018/2019 is a typical example of how
With all the abundant water resources coupled with climate change affected the livelihoods of poor small
the estimated 160 billion cubic meters of rainfall water scale farmers and that a lot of resources that could
annually that the country receives annually, the be used on other social-economic development in the
country only utilizes 60 billion cubic meters while 100 country as the Disaster Management and Mitigation
billion cubic meters is lost without being harvested. Unit had to get resources from the treasure to respond
The 2nd Agriculture National Policy states that the to the humanitarian crisis caused by climate change.
country is currently only utilizing 155,912 hectares, It must be noted that unsustainable agriculture
out of the potential 2.75 million hectares available for practices such as clearing of land closer to rivers and
irrigation. in water underground water recharge areas including
The lack of efficient utilization of the water resource the use of agrochemicals that is fertilizers, pesticides
is a cause for concern in that the very small scale and herbicides impact negatively on water quantity
farmers that are impacted negatively and frequently and quality.
by climate change produce about 80% of the national There is a need, therefore, to enforce laws that
food basket. On the other hand, the agriculture sector govern the protection of sensitive water ecosystem
provides about 67% of the labor while it is the source areas. Farmers organisations, CSOs, the Government,
of livelihood for about 70% of the population force private sector and the development partners must
including its contribution of about 10% to the Gross enhance the promotion of sustainable regenerative
Domestic Products (GDP). agroecology practices that help to conserve water
The climate change impacts on water resources affect resources and to adapt to climate change and build
the livestock and the fisheries sectors as well. The resilience for the water and agriculture sector.
drying up of rivers reduces fish stocks while droughts

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WATER LIVELIHOOD AND THE ENERGY NEXUS

According to the National Climate Change policy, the supply has also been affected in that utility
impact of climate change on the water, agriculture companies depend on electricity to effectively pump
and energy sector among others is estimated to result and treat water in urban areas. Had the country or
in a loss of about US$ 5 billion over 10 to 20 years. companies strategically utilized solar energy, the
These impacts are already being felt by Zambians as country would have not been experiencing the water
the social-economic situation and the ecosystems are supply shortages as a result of reduced hydropower
hit negatively. generation. Solar energy as a clean and renewable
Following the frequent droughts, the country’s sustainable energy source could also be utilized to
hydropower generation capacity was drastically enhance agriculture production and productivity.
reduced resulting in power cuts popularly known Solar irrigation can help the country to ensure
as load shedding. The country had not strategically continued production in times of droughts as well as
placed itself to mitigate the natural disasters by for continued production throughout the year that
building resilience in agriculture, water, and energy. then enhances resilience to climate change.
As the energy crisis is being experienced, water

CONCLUSION

Water is a critical resource for a healthy life and There is need to promote water harvesting in urban
livelihoods necessary for fighting the impacts of and rural areas as observed during the current rain
climate change. The statement from UN Water that season that the country sometimes receives heavy
“We must balance all of society’s water needs while downpours of rain that just goes to waste. Solar
ensuring the poorest people don’t get left behind”, energy can then be used for the treatment of water
is a challenge to our policymakers to ensure that as well for supplying to households and irrigation for
adequate investments in the water sector need to be agriculture production.
given priority. This is possible because of sustainable, We all need to participate and have critical roles
affordable and scalable solutions for water and in to play as individuals, civil society organisations
building resilience to climate change is available. cooperating partners and the government as well if
It’s sad as we commemorate the World Water Day this our vision of becoming a prosperous middle-income
year that access to safe water remains low among the country by 2030 and in meeting the Sustainable
poor especially in rural areas and peri-urban areas Development Goals as well as meeting our targets
despite the country having put in place policies and under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
programmes such as the Integrated Water Resources
Management and Water Efficiency.

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Rural Water

BY CAROLINE NGWENGWE

THE Community in Kabimba Area of Chief Macha He said the community had mobilized about K1500
Choma district has appealed to Choma Municipal some years back towards having borehole water but
council to address water challenges as people are nothing fruitful happened.
sharing water from a river with animals. Choma Municipal Council spokesperson Adams
Mr. Martin Simubali a resident of Chibwechamoomba Sinyama said the local authority was targeted to
village said the area was faced with a great water rehabilitate 60 of boreholes across the district in its
challenge as the river community depended on for 2020 budget.
water had dried up. Mr. Sinyama said the rural water and sanitation
Simubali said the area has more than 200 household project would enable people in rural areas to access
that compete for drinking water with their livestock water and improve their quality of life.
following the drying up of the river as the area had Mr Sinyama said the local authority had realized the
never had borehole water. importance of involving community members in water
He said the area needed an urgent water solution and rated issues.
was uncertain how people and animals would survive “The local authority is about to begin repairing 60
before the rain begins. bore holes through the rural water and sanitation
project so that people in outskirts access quality
“Our women don’t even sleep anymore they water,’’ he said.
wake up as early as 01:00 hours to go and He said with support from care international, the local
search for water,’’ he said. authority would repair an additional 12 boreholes.

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Water Resources Management

World Water Day 2020 – Water and
Climate Change

World Water Day, on 22 March every year, is about water needs while ensuring the poorest people don’t
focusing attention on the importance of water. This get left behind. The World Water Day 2020 campaign
year’s theme, ‘Water and Climate Change’, explores explains statements such as:
how water and climate change are inextricably linked. We cannot afford to wait. Climate policy makers must
As the global population grows, so does the demand put water at the heart of action plans.
for water, which depletes natural resources and Water can help fight climate change. There are
damages the environment in many places. Solutions sustainable, affordable and scalable water and
include protecting carbon sinks such as oceans sanitation solutions.
and wetlands, adopting climate-smart agricultural Everyone has a role to play. In our daily lives, there
techniques, and increasing the safe reuse of are surprisingly easy steps we can all take to address
wastewater. climate change.
Water is our most precious resource – we must use Explore this year’s theme and browse our collection
it more responsibly. We must balance all of society’s of stories to find out more: www.worldwaterday.org

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Water Resources Management

LCC Embarks On
Massive Covid-19
Sensitisation In
Public Places

Lusaka City Council (LCC) has embarked on a massive
sensitisation campaign in public places on how to
prevent COVID-19 (Coronavirus). Seven teams of
Public Health Inspectors have been deployed in
all the seven constituencies of Lusaka for massive
sensitisation campaigns. The teams are targeting
public places such as markets, malls, bus stations,
schools, churches and other public places.
Key prevention messages on how to prevent
Coronavirus, among them, regular washing of hands
with soap or the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer
and avoiding handshakes are being propagated.

Shop and bar operators are being advised to provide 2020. The meeting apportioned responsibilities to
hand washing facilities for clients to wash their when different stakeholders as a multi-sectoral approach to
going in and out of their premises. At Inter-City Bus the prevention of COVID-19.
Terminus, a permanent Health inspector has been
deployed to work with Ministry of Health officials who Local authorities have been tasked with the
are conducting both sensitisation and screening of responsibilities of providing adequate clean and
travellers from other countries. The station is critical safe water, enhanced waste management, and
because it services both local and international enforcement of trading standards in markets,
routes. shopping malls, bus stations among other public
places and to enforce provisions of Public Health Act,
And Public Health Inspectors will tomorrow Sunday as delegated.
target churches to sensitise worshippers.
LCC is therefore appealing to members of the public
and church leaders to give chance to Public Health
Inspectors to conduct sensitisations in their premises.

The campaign follows the National Epidemic MEDIA STATEMENT ISSUED BY:
Preparedness Prevention Control and Management
Committee meeting held in Lusaka on 11th March, George Sichimba

Public Relations Manager

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Water Resources Management

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Water Resources Management

The “Green Gold”. Growing you
money from trees!

Growing your money from trees, is the theme for
the Plant a Million movement that seeks to enhance
Zambia’s economy through ‘green gold’, a tree-
based economy model that includes tree products
and non-consumptive uses of trees.
Tree-based economy is a large and growing incentive
for growing a countries economy across Africa and
the world.

1.6 BILLION PEOPLE PROFIT FROM FORESTS

The World Bank estimates that forests contribute to and other forest products from rich countries. This
the livelihoods of 1.6 billion people and that 60 million can lock individuals and communities into a cycle
are totally dependent on forests. of deforestation and poverty. As deforested land
This dependency often leads to unsustainable becomes nutrient-poor and unable to support
forest management to meet demand for timber agriculture, more land must be cleared.

INDIGENOUS TREE SPECIES IN ZAMBIA

It is estimated that there are Forty-one indigenous production, 39 for dyes, 11 for resins and gums, and 30
tree species in Zambia which produce edible fruit for timber.
and seeds, 44 are good for animal feed, 38 for tannin

ZAMBIAN FOREST VALUE >$400 BILLION USD

The indigenous forests contain about 4 billion cubic production is used for fuelwood and subsistence use
meters of wood of which 5 percent is commercially in rural areas. The industrial roundwood production
exploited. The total roundwood production from from indigenous forests averages about 0.5 million
natural forests is estimated to be 10 million cubic cubic meters per year and will need structured
meters and 95 percent of the total roundwood afforestation to sustain current harvesting levels.

AGROFORESTRY FARMING ENABLING LIVELIHOOD

To mitigate concerns, science enthusiasts and and forest products through sustainable planting and
environmentalists alike are turning to Agroforestry management of trees and forests. It also sustains
faming. Agroforestry farming uses trees and forests forest ecosystems and provides habitats for wildlife,
to assist break the cycle of poverty and deforestation encouraging the return of endangered species.
by meeting the need for timber and fuel wood, fruits

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Water Resources Management

POLLINATION & WATER FOR DRINKING

Vegetation cover helps to slow down the rain falling through the soil and ends up in natural groundwater
on the ground. This is extremely important not only reservoirs. This hydrologic process is a key natural
as it prevents soil erosion, but also for replenishing mechanism for purifying water rendering it safe for
groundwater levels. By decreasing runoff from drinking;
the surface, more rain water is actually soaked up

P O L L I N AT O R S

Thus, pollinators perform quietly on a daily basis and diverse. Perhaps it is time to learn from this
without us even noticing. It is an extremely important brilliant complexity and harmony between plants,
process, that makes life on this planet rich, healthy animals and their environment which is occurring
naturally just outside our door.

The Plant – A – Million Initiative is a tree planting
movement with the expanse and ambition to become
Africa’s premier example of a ‘Tree-based economy’.
The vision of the initiative is to create a ‘Tree-based
Economy’ which will enable to mitigate climate
change with economic benefits for Zambia. Growing
your money from Trees!

“ Stop Talking.
Start Acting!”

For information contact Emanuel Chibesakunda at [email protected] or +260(211)257800

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Water Resources Management

Plumbers Association Of Zambia – (PAZA)

The Plumbers Association of Zambia was founded on initiated by the WPC as the means of highlighting the
16th August 2019, registered on 14th February 2020, important role plumbing plays in the Health, safety,
and was officially launched on 28th February 2020 and sustainability of our community. On this day,
by the Ministry of Water Development, Sanitation and PAZA visited the University Teaching Hospital the
Environmental Protection. Its mission is to provide biggest health institution in Zambia where it identified
quality service, professional and other services a number of issues related to plumbing appliances
support that addresses modern challenges in the and fittings which are still not in good state and
Plumbing Industry. The vision is to be a national and standard but contributed to the cooperate social
a regional organization which provide quality services responsibility by offering voluntary services to make
towards Sustainability and Excellence in Plumbing the environment conducive.
and Water Sanitation Industry. The association is open and ready to partner and
The Association is run by a combination of work with various stakeholders who are in Water
experienced local experts in Plumbing, Water, sector, health and safety, manufacturers, training
pipefitting and Mechanical fitting. It aims to bridge the providers, local authority and other organizations
Plumbing standard gap among the Zambian Plumbers to ensure that the community has access to safe
and the community in respect of Water and Sanitation, water and sanitation, also providing quality products
Plumbing technology and Environmental Health and like water pipes, faucets and other fittings used in
Safety as espoused by the Millennium Development plumbing to supply clean and safe water.
Goal No 7 which aims to ensure environmental On 22 March, still the association joined the world
sustainability by 2030. to commemorate the World Water Day -”Water and
The Plumbers Association of Zambia is the member Climate” 2020 amid the global pandemic of COVID19.
of the World Plumbing Council (WPC) an international For a community to acquire safe water, there is a need
organization which aims to achieve the best for a plumber to lay quality pipes, install good water
possible plumbing for the World through growth and storage tanks, to treat water for good consumption
development of the World’s plumbing industries. to avoid risks. The Plumbers Association of Zambia
PAZA being a member of the WPC, on 11th, March, would like to urge the general public to regularly
2020 for the first time in the history of the Plumbing washing hands, clean drainages and sanitary
industry in Zambia, joined the globe to commemorate appliances, and repair leakages etc. Remember the
the World Plumbing Day (WPD) the international event importance of water as the highest basic need for
falls every year, everywhere on 11th March which humans, living things and nature. 

‘’Drop Of Water Is Equivalent To A Dollar’’

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Water Resources Management

Reliable. Efficient. New: the next
generation of waste water pumps

Submersible pumps are commonly used in submersible motor pumps of the Amarex KRT type
wastewater management facilities to move water/ series are the perfect match for all waste water
sludge mixtures through the treatment process. transport requirements. And so are the waste water
The new generation of waste water pumps: in pumps of the Sewatec series. They, too, are first
combination with non-clogging impellers and high- choice for waste water applications.
efficiency KSB motors, the Amarex KRT and Sewatec
type series offer even better overall efficiency. Not least because KSB’s waste water pumps
Energy-efficient waste water pumps and motors for combined with high-efficiency motors enable
optimum efficiencies significant energy savings. This applies to both
Municipal, domestic or industrial waste water: the Amarex KRT and Sewatec.

RELIABLE AND EFFICIENT: THE NEW NON-CLOGGING IMPELLER

Maximum efficiency and a minimum clogging risk for hub in the middle of the impeller reliably prevents
KSB waste water pumps are provided by the F-max all risk of clogging from long-fibrous materials such
free-flow impeller. With the asymmetric arrangement as hygiene wipes. The F-max free-flow impeller is
of its vanes, F-max offers a large, free passage available for the submersible waste water pumps of
that allows solids of different sizes to pass without the Amarex KRT and the dry-installed waste water
difficulty. Moreover, the slightly convex profile of the pumps of the Sewatec series.

ENERGY-EFFICIENT MOTORS FOR OPTIMUM EFFICIENCY

The combination of KSB waste water pumps with SuPremE® IE5* motor, which already exceeds the
high-efficiency motors enables considerable energy ErP requirements set for 2017. The efficient pump set,
savings. The economical motors are integrated in consisting of a waste water pump and motor, promises
the pump sets as standard. The pump sets can be maximum savings from low energy and maintenance
supplied with or without explosion protection. costs, optimum operating reliability and constant
The dry-installed pumps of the Sewatec type series performance data.
are fitted with the variable-speed, magnet-less KSB

CUSTOMISED PUMPS FOR EVERY REQUIREMENT

Besides specially adapted impellers and energy- materials for waste water pumps. So the best solution
efficient motors, KSB offers a wide range of is available for each waste water application – for
installation types as well as a large choice of optimum efficiency and operating reliability.

For more information on this and other products, contact KSB Zambia Limited Company
Phone: +260 968670002 or email: [email protected]

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Water Resources Management

Health Aspects Of Plumbing Facts Sheet

WORLD WATER DAY The United Nations declared 2020-2030 the of these initiatives the World Health Organization
International Decade for Action “Water for Life”, and the World Plumbing Council developed the
Setting a world agenda that focuses on increased “Health Aspects of Plumbing” publication noting that
attention on water-related issues. This initiative sustainable health, especially for children, is not
is of extraordinary importance in a world where possible without access to safe drinking water and
preventable diseases related to water and sanitation basic sanitation facilities.
claim the lives of about 3.1 million people per year,
most of them children less than 5 years old.
Of these, about 1.6 million people die each year of
diarrheal diseases associated with a lack of safe
drinking water and adequate sanitation. By including
access to a safe drinking water supply and sanitation
in these international goals, the world community
proposes 97 million additional people annually
will have access to drinking-water services and
138 million additional people access to sanitation
services through 2030. Working within the spirit

CLEAN WATER IS NOT A LUXURY

“Health Aspects of Plumbing” is a comprehensive and plumbing practices. It is a tremendous resource for
substantive examination of the design, installation, administrators and plumbers, especially those in
and maintenance of effective plumbing systems. It countries or areas in the early stages of introducing
recommends a number of plumbing system design effective plumbing systems. The document is also
and installation specifications that have demonstrated available. The publication is 129 pages with 10 figures,
their validity over the years of existence and discusses 15 tables and five case studies, including some of
the microbiological, chemical, physical and financial the following topics: Basic principles of safe drinking
risks associated with plumbing. Published by the water supply; the role of plumbers in risk assessment;
World Health Organization and the World Plumbing Codes of practice for plumbing; Training and
Council, the book is dedicated to the achievement registration of plumbers; Standards for materials used
of the best possible plumbing practices to ensure in plumbing systems; Design of plumbing systems;
the highest health benefits from the use of sound Stormwater drainage; Wastewater use.

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Water Resources Management

CASE STUDY

The SARS epidemic in Hong Kong demonstrated cannot be certified and listed by a third-party
that the Amoy Gardens plumbing and ventilation certification body suitably accredited to grant
systems were compromised over time, with inferior Marks of Conformity to products. Authorities
components (P-Trap and mounting bolts) allowing the Having Jurisdiction (a city’s building inspector,
infectious agent to spread throughout the building. for instance) look for these Marks of Conformity
Although it is not certain that this SARS outbreak when determining which plumbing products they
could have been prevented, it is reasonable to will allow for installation within their municipality.
conclude it might have been if a series of plumbing 5. CODES: The adoption of building codes within a
safeguards were met during a long progression of municipality goes a long way toward ensuring the
steps leading up to the catastrophic failure. The key safety of a city’s residents from system failures
elements from this epidemic that are addressed by such as the one at the Amoy Gardens.
the plumbing industry worldwide: 6. INSTALLATION: A workforce highly trained
1. DESIGN: It all begins with the design of the and educated to the existing code language is
essential to the proper installation of a plumbing
product itself. A trained engineer will know which system. If the plumber who installed the P-trap
materials are viable options for the production at the Amoy Gardens was properly certified to
of a P-trap and call for these specifications in his perform this work, it is quite possible he would
design. have recognized the potential for failure in this
2. PRODUCTION: Next is the manufacturer. If there particular product.
is an ISO 9001 Quality Management System 7. INSPECTION: In the same vein, a similarly
in place, audited regularly by an accredited certified plumbing and mechanical inspector
third-party body, the manufacturer is likely to might have red-tagged this installation during his
recognize a deficient material being used in a code-dictated on-site inspection of the installer’s
product and make the correction before the faulty work. This red tag could have required the
product can go to market — in this case, the bolts installer to remove the faulty P-trap and replace it
that rusted and compromised the integrity of the with the proper part before the plumbing system
sewerage system. could be approved as being compliant.
3. STANDARDS TESTING: Similarly, this defect 8. MAINTENANCE: Over the life of a plumbing
could have been caught during testing at a system, periodic maintenance is required. The
properly accredited product-testing laboratory. chances of the system continuing to function in
Standards dictate the allowable materials, the safest manner possible grow exponentially
design, function, etc. for a given product. If the when the person performing that maintenance
product standard calls for galvanized bolts, for is trained professional plumber. During routine
instance, any product not using the specified maintenance of the building’s plumbing system,
bolts would not pass testing to show compliance the failed P-trap might have been discovered
with the applicable standard(s). and repaired before the SARS Coronavirus was
4. PRODUCTION CERTIFICATION: Without introduced to it.
meeting the required standards, the product

19

Water Resources Management

When all of these steps work in concert with each the World Health Organization — a staggering figure
other, it drastically reduces the likelihood of the type in a nation of 1.1 billion people. World Plumbing Day
of failure that facilitated the spread of the SARS virus seeks to provide additional awareness of these goals
in Hong Kong. In developing nations, many of these and how tools such as “Health Aspects of Plumbing”
steps are often bypassed, with increased health risks contribute toward reaching these humanitarian goals.
illustrated by statistics; for example, as many as 7.5 Safe, clean drinking water and basic sanitation is
percent of deaths in India are attributed to water and possible in any nation, big or small, when simple,
sanitation-related causes, according to statistics from sound plumbing practices are adopted.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF PLUMBING FACTS SHEET

Among the objectives upon which the World Plumbing In many countries, the plumbing industry also
Council was founded is promoting awareness of the contributes significantly to the development and
plumbing industry’s role in protecting the environment installation of heating systems and recognizes that
by providing safe freshwater and sanitation through man’s still increasing reliance upon fossil fuels
proper management, care, reuse and conservation cannot continue without challenge. Many of these
of natural resources. The industry also plays a major efforts are well-publicized and countless others go
role in the installation of technologies that address largely unnoticed. Part of the reason for establishing
concerns about the depletion of fossil fuels and work 11 March as World Plumbing Day is to educate the
toward reducing harmful emissions. general public about the work our industry performs
Freshwater is infinite supply on Earth and as the key every day to conserve the world’s increasingly
to life is without question our planet’s most precious overstretched sources of drinking water and promote
natural resource. The plumbing industry recognizes energy efficiency and the increased use of renewable
the tenuous balance mankind must maintain to sources of energy. These efforts range from simple
guarantee its very existence and embraces efforts household changes to wide-scale government
to ensure we are preserving every drop possible. sponsored endeavors. Highlights include:

WATER REUSE

The plumbing industry finds itself in the middle increasing in popularity all over the world: rainwater
of three methods of water reuse that are rapidly harvesting, greywater systems, and sewage water
recycling. Rainwater harvesting is pretty simple at its
20 core - the capture and storage of rainwater that would
otherwise return to the water table through natural
means - but the plumbing industry is hard at work
developing equipment and methods to increase its
efficiency and usage.

’’The World Plumbing Council — uniting the world
plumbing industry and promoting the role of

plumbing in improving health and safeguarding the
environment’’

World Toilet Magazine Zambia

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12

Water Resources Management

Rainwater Harvesting Importance

Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for conventional water supply systems have failed to
collecting and storing rainwater by using various meet the needs of the people. Rainwater collection
means and resources for future use. Rain is an and utilization schemes are said to be optimal when
important source of water for us and it can be implemented in conjunction with water demand
collected into the natural reservoirs or the artificial management, measures to enhance aquifer recharge,
tanks. Rainwater harvesting is done by using two as well as the reduction of soil erosion. The most
methods namely, surface run-off and rooftop important thing about rainwater harvesting is that
rainwater harvesting.  Rainwater is used for many it improves the quality of water which we consume
things such as washing and irrigation but the poor because it is the purest form of water, so we can say
drainage network has made residents believe that that rainwater harvesting is important because we are
rainwater is a nuisance as it could not be quickly facing water scarcity. 
disposed of. 
Rainwater harvesting is among the best and
Rainwater has been ignored as a resource.  economical way to serve water and prevent rainwater
wastage, it should be harnessed and adopted in
Did you know that the piped water consumed in Zambia. Reclaiming the city’s rainwater as a source,
Lusaka during one year is about 200 million cubic and the importance of securing water by changing
meters which are exceeded by the 306 million cubic from “off-site” to “on-site” sources is a significant
meters of rain that falls over the city? exercise. It is so easy that almost anyone can do it,
we must encourage this practice to help access to
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is an option which has clean water easily without any cost.
been adopted in many parts of the world where

22

Water ReWsooruldrcToeisleMt ManagaagzeinmeeZnatmbia

CONTACT US CONTACT US
NAZIR PANDOR ABIGAIL KALEBWE
CEO GENERAL MANAGER
[email protected] [email protected]

25 3

Water Resources Management

Water Transmission CDC is reviewing all data on COVID-19 transmission
& Coronavirus Disease as information becomes available. At this time, the
2019 (COVID-19) risk of transmission of the virus that causes COVID-19
through sewerage systems is thought to be low.
DRINKING WATER, RECREATIONAL WATER Although transmission of COVID-19 through sewage
AND WASTEWATER: WHAT YOU NEED may be possible, there is no evidence to date that
TO KNOW this has occurred. This guidance will be updated as
necessary as new evidence is assessed.
Can the COVID-19 virus spread through drinking
water? SARS, a similar coronavirus, has been detected
The COVID-19 virus has not been detected in drinking in untreated sewage for up to 2 to 14 days. In the
water. Conventional water treatment methods that 2003 SARS outbreak, there was documented
use filtration and disinfection, such as those in most transmission associated with sewage aerosols. Data
municipal drinking water systems, should remove or suggest that standard municipal wastewater system
inactivate the virus that causes COVID-19. chlorination practices may be sufficient to inactivate
coronaviruses, as long as utilities monitor free
Is the COVID-19 virus found in feces? available chlorine during treatment to ensure it has
The virus that causes COVID-19 has been detected in not been depleted.
the feces of some patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
The amount of virus released from the body (shed) Wastewater and sewage workers should use standard
in stool, how long the virus is shed, and whether the practices, practice basic hygiene precautions,
virus in stool is infectious are not known. and wear personal protective equipment (PPE) as
The risk of transmission of COVID-19 from the feces of prescribed for current work tasks. Should wastewater
an infected person is also unknown. However, the risk workers take extra precautions to protect themselves
is expected to be low based on data from previous from the COVID-19 virus?
outbreaks of related coronaviruses, such as severe Wastewater treatment plant operations should ensure
acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East workers follow routine practices to prevent exposure
respiratory syndrome (MERS). There have been no to wastewater. These include using engineering and
reports of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 to date. administrative controls, safe work practices, and
PPE normally required for work tasks when handling
Can the COVID-19 virus spread through pools and untreated wastewater. No additional COVID-19–
hot tubs? There is no evidence that COVID-19 can be specific protections are recommended for employees
spread to humans through the use of pools and hot involved in wastewater management operations,
tubs. Proper operation, maintenance, and disinfection including those at wastewater treatment facilities.
(e.g., with chlorine and bromine) of pools and hot tubs
should remove or inactivate the virus that causes
COVID-19. Can the COVID-19 virus spread through
sewerage systems?

Content source: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Division of Viral Diseases https://www.cdc.gov/
coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/water.html

24

Water Resources Management

World Plumbing Day – March 11

March 11 is World Plumbing Day. It is a date that has Day events, promoting the link between good
been fixed on the calendars of the World Plumbing plumbing sanitation and human and environmental
community since its establishment by the WPC in health.
2010 and is now a fixture on the calendars of political  
and social institutions around the globe. World Plumbing Day Resources:
  The World Plumbing Council have produced a number
The international plumbing community, as or resources to help promote and celebrate World
represented by the Council has a vital role in Plumbing Day.
promoting the link between good quality plumbing, To find out the resources contact the Plumbing
health, environmental sustainability and, increasingly, Association of Zambia (PAZA).
economic prosperity.  
  World Plumbing Day 2019:
March 11 is marked by celebrations, competitions, Last year there were a wide range of celebrations
seminars, and activities all around the world.  People for World Plumbing Day all around the globe. To get
from within and outside the plumbing fraternity come ideas for this year’s World Plumbing Day check out
together to learn, share knowledge, build connections photos and videos here.
and find opportunities to collaborate to improve  
the quality of, and access to, freshwater and safe To share your World Plumbing Day celebrations
sanitation. use the hashtag #WorldPlumbingDay or visit www.
  worldplumbing.org
There are now hundreds of annual World Plumbing

25

Water Resources Management

Water Tank Transforms Queen’s Life

BY AGATHA MALI

Queen Chanda, 43, is a mother of 4 and a small crops,” she adds.
business farmer who grows a variety of vegetables for Queen grows green beans, rape and green pepper
sale in order for her to provide for her children. which she transports for sale to marketers. At the end
In 2016, Queen joined Nabunjasa farming project, of the month, Queen realizes a profit of K2500.00
a World Vision initiative aimed at empowering that she used to provide for her children and carter for
community members to be self-sustainable. their school necessities
In the past community members used to face “Unlike in the past, I used to beg from relatives and
challenges of water and the only sources of water friends in order to put food at the table. But I no longer
they had were shallow wells they were using to water have to beg because my garden is able to provide for
their plants. me and my life has been transformed,” she says. “We
But since the water from the ground was not enough, no longer have to spend money on buying vegetables
their crops did not grow well and this had an effect anymore because we grow our own vegetables and
on their farming businesses which also affected little use the money meant for the vegetables to buy other
income they earned. home necessities.”
Queen is one of the farmers who also faced these She says the water tank has also helped to reduce
challenges. But in 2017, water challenges became a labor unlike in the past where the farmers used to
thing of the past for the farmers because World Vision spend much of their time digging and drawing water
donated a storage water tank to the project. from the shallow wells.
“There were times when we completely could not Queen’s hopes are to grow her businesses so that she
have access to water and our plants started drying can start suppling her crops to bigger markets and
up. This affected our families because we relied on be able to provide for her families without facing any
the crops to generate an income that supported our challenges
families,” Queen explains. She says she is grateful for the water provided
“But when World Vision helped us with a storage because it has been a life transformer for her and her
water tank, we no longer have to worry about water family.
because we now have enough water to grow our

26

ACO. creating the future of drainage .

ACO WORLDWIDE

ACO. creating the future of drainage. The ACO Group is one of the world market leaders in Garden City Mall - ACE Euroline channels with
drainage technology. Climate change brings us face to face with challenges to respond to new S/S heel safe grating, Luskaka, Zambia
environmental influences by developing innovative solutions. With its integrated approach,
ACO stands for professional drainage, economical cleaning, and the controlled release and
reuse of water. We do this by processing polymer concrete, stainless steel, plastic, cast iron
and reinforced concrete. Because we make our products in environmentally-compatible
processes, and use them creatively, ACO products satisfy up-and-coming demands for
technical innovation, economical application, and sustainable construction.

External Drainage Waste water treatment
Line drainage system Waste water treatment
Line drainage – All purpose system
Line drainage – Brickslot channel system Building Drainage
Line drainage – Large capacity Parking and Gravity roof
Line drainage – Monoblock drainage
Line drainage – Residential drainage system Access covers
Point drainage Line drainage - individual
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Sports Drainage Shower channels
Sport drainage systems Floor gullies
Stainless steel drainage -
Separator Technology HygieneFirst
Grease separators Industrial floor drainage
Petrol separators
References
ACO References

DISTRIBUTORS Email: [email protected]
LOCK’S ‘N LIGHTS LIMITED Unit C1 Villa Park, Plot 177/178 Luanshya Road,
Derick Zolyomi Lusaka, Zambia
Cell: +260 97 676 2083

27

Water Resources Management

Who Says That Women Can’t Be Faecal
Sludge Emptiers?

BY MWANGALA MULUNDANO BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION ADVISOR

Meet Mukuka Mutale, mother and a proud sanitation Whenever she would mention the possibility of a
entrepreneur from Kasama, Zambia. An emptier career shift, her colleagues would say:
herself, she strongly believes that there is a future
for women in the fecal sludge management (FSM) You won’t last in the industry.’
business. Mukuka started as a customer service ‘Why would you choose to be an emptier as a lady? Even
personnel at the Chambeshi Water & Sanitation if you join us you will end up doing desk work/record
Company. Every day she would read meters and keeping because emptying is a man’s job.’
disconnect the service of clients defaulting on their
payments. Like some of her colleagues, she aspired
for a new challenge and a better paying job. Fecal
sludge emptying provided that opportunity.

Determined to show her colleagues that emptying is manual emptying practice, and
not simply a man’s job - she made the shift. She has built emptiers’ capacity in basic book- and record
not looked back since then. keeping and conducted trainings in manual and
Asked if she regrets her decision, with a wide smile mechanical emptying to professionalise services.
she said, ‘No. I am proud to put food on the table and Today, Mukuka, finds herself in a fulfilling job. She
feed my three-year-old daughter doing decent work.’ also considers herself a trendsetter for women in FSM
When asked what helped her to make this leap, and a community hero. She exclaimed:
she mentioned that support from her family and her
relatives were crucial. And, improvements introduced ‘It is an achievement to be the “first lady” of FSM in
by SNV’s urban sanitation and occupational health the Northern part of Zambia, especially because it is
and safety (OHS) efforts – through the WASH SDGs a male-dominated business. In some quarters women
consortium project – helped make the emptying sanitation emptiers continue to be stigmatized.’
profession more attractive.
To name a few, SNV, with its partners, Chambeshi With a twinkle in her eye she said, ‘Looking clean and
Water and Sanitation Company, Kasama Municipal good will not feed me. Shit business is good business.’
Council and the Water and Sanitation Association
(WASAZA) in Zambia,
formalised emptying work through the registration of
emptiers as an association,
distributed and mandated the use of personal and
protective equipment (PPE),
promoted the use of equipment, e.g., E-vac, to end

28

Water Resources Management

WORLD TOILET DAY 2019 ZAMBIA FOLLOW-UP EVENT,
HOSTED BY THE EMBASSY OF FINLAND. ENSURING
SANITATION FOR ALL IN ZAMBIA 2030

Open remarks: H.E. Pirjo Suomela-Chowdhury, Ambassador of Finland ; Organiser: Ms Sari Huuhtanen, Global
Dry Toilet Association of Finland Stakeholder presentations: Mr. Kwezi Jere, Ministry of Water Development,
Sanitation and Environmental Protection; Mr. Lloyd Beensi, NWASCO;
Mr. Khuzwayo Tembo, LWSC; Mr. Sikaulu Simalabbe, Ministry of Community Development; Ms. Pamela Chisanga,
WaterAid; Ms. Laura Roig Senge, BORDA; Mr. Moffat Tembo, SNV; Mr. Terrence Himabala, PLAN; Mr. Tiyezye
Nyirenda, WorldVision; Mr. Tippor Ntini, Oxfam; Mr. Nazir Pandor, Live Clean; Mr. Boyd Khondowe, Sanitech

The first edition of World Toilet Magazine was
published on the World Toilet Day – 19th November
2019. This is a free publication with a purpose to share
proper information, knowledge, innovative solutions
and standards on sustainable sanitation, water, and
hygiene in Zambia. This is an excellent platform for
advertising and promoting solutions as the premise
for the magazine is focused on this crucial topic for
Zambia.

ADVERTISE IN THE APRIL 2020 EDITION

Kulani Media | Tel: +260 97 263 4405 |+260 76 123
3396 | +260 97 841 0356 E: [email protected] |
[email protected]

29

Water Resources Management

E R G O F I T O - Background & Product
Information

We have been exporting for over 12 years to over 12 Here is some big seller products to look at; I will
Countries worldwide. We supply various solutions attach information in same order :
to Agriculture, Waste Water Treatment, Fat Trap
Solutions, Mozyology (Mosquito Control) and many • Fat Trap Solution - Eco Flush 10-10-5 - Hotels,
more. These are the main ones. Our product is 100%
extracted from nature and bottled with special Restaurants, Abattoirs, Butcheries, Hospitals,
sequencing that keeps our bacteria dormant until Prisons, - Very big avenue
mixed with water .We have major success in all the
supply fields. It restores any soil back to organic • Eco Flush Workshops (Oil, Grease) - 10-5-0 -
agricultural soil.
Workshops, Big Oil Spills,
Our product was the only product in the world to
restore the oil soiled Kuwait desert (1990/91 Gulf • Mozyology - Mosquito Control
War) back to organic agricultural soil We have major • Aqua GW - Sewege Plants, Waste Water Control,
contracts in Kuwait and USA etc.
Effluent - Very Big market as well.
One Waste Water management company in Utah,
orders 50tons or product from us at a time. They • Bioflush - Eliminates odours, Eliminates ammonia
manage waste water plants and our product
eliminates e.coli, pathogens, odours, digest solids, - Used in Pit latrines, septic tanks, chicken pens,
and makes quality fertilizer out of the water that greywater systems - makes fertilizer out of the
goes into rivers, dams, ocean etc. We are registered water
with the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in
USA. We are the only producers of Ergofito Products • Main Agriculture Farming Product Ergostart Bio
in the World and cannot be copied. So if you get it
anywhere in the world, it comes from us. This is such and Universal - Farming, (Golf Course, Schools,
an awesome natural product and going Green is Sportsfields, Soccer Fields, Stadiums - Thickens
the future. We have so much paperwork, lab tests, grass roots and grass)
references, Universities tests from over the years to
back what we say. • Short Ergofito Explanation by my Colleague,

partner & owner

DISTRIBUTORS

LOCKS ‘N LIGHTS LIMITED
Derick Zolyomi
Cell:+260 976762083
Email: [email protected] Unit C1, Villa
Park, 177/178 Luanshya Rd, Lusaka, Zambia

30

ERGOFITOINACTION

“Give Nature What Nature Wants”

CLEANING WATER WITH ERGOFITO

A Range of products containing MicroMix, 100% Natural, environmentally friendly Bacteria-Enzymatic
blend, used in Agriculture to improve quality, yield and overall plant health. It is a catalyst for organic
decomposition, and an agent for the rehabilitation of soils and remediation of toxic waste, and it converts oils
and greases into viable nutrients for the environment.

Researched and developed over 36 years by Italian scientists, the pioneers in bio-enzyme technology,
MicroMix sets a new benchmark in the field of environmental remediation.

We are focussing on the following products:

• ERGO ECO FLUSH (Remediates Grease and Fats),
• Ergo MOZZY OLOGY (Mosquito control),
• ERGOFITO AQUA GW (Contaminated water and soil),
• ERGOFITO BIOFLUSH (Remediates Sewage into organic waste)

Website:www.ergofito.co.za

DISTRIBUTORS Email: [email protected] Unit C1, Villa
Park, 177/178 Luanshya Rd, Lusaka, Zambia
LOCKS ‘N LIGHTS LIMITED
Derick Zolyomi
Cell:+260 976762083

Water Resources Management

32