IoT Water Usage Management Module by Using Water Flow Sensor

CREDITS

National Creative Design Digest is an initiative of Research, Innovation and Commercialization
(UPIK) with Creative Design Centre (CDeC), Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan. This Digest consists of
a compilation of research papers presented by lecturers from Politeknik and Kolej Komuniti
Malaysia in the year 2021. A total of 21 articles related to the polytechnic’s niche area which
is Creative Design are presented in this Digest. It is hoped that this compilation will be a
valuable reading reference in ensuring educators to be more innovative and creative as well
as monitoring lecturers to be more involved in the world of research.
This publication briefly describes the novelty of the products, features, impacts of the
products, awards and recognition achieved and their target market.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in
any forms or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise
without prior written permission from Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan.

Patron: Technical Editors:
Ts. Noor Aidi binti Nadzri Nurlina Aimi binti Ramily
Advisors: Nurrul Asmar binti Azhan
Ts. Dr. Saipol Hadi bin Hasim (Research) Ahmad Hafizzu bin Abdullah
Abdul Razak bin Salim (Publication) Designer:
Chief Editor: Halijah binti Abu Aris
Ts. Dr. Nor Hidayu binti Shahadan Muhammad Fitri Azizi bin Rostam
Deputy Chief Editor: Reviewer:
Nadirah binti Abd. Aziz Ts. Dr. Saipol Hadi bin Hasim
Proofreader: Ts. Dr. Nor Hidayu binti Shahadan
Siti Adila binti Mohamad Yazi Dr. Zauyani binti Zainal Mohamed Alias
Rafiuddin bin Rohani Dr. Rosnani binti Affandi
Siti Noraini binti Hamzah Dr. Prasanna Kesavan
Ainun Juhairah binti Hussin Dr. Noor Ainniesafina binti Zainal
Noor Azeelia binti Abd Manan Dr. Alias bin Mat Saad
Tarishini a/p Visvalingam Dr. Arfah binti Ahmad Hasbollah
Yeow Chee Kheong Dr. Nurul Azhani binti Mohd Azmin
Kamarul Aina binti Mohamed Pn. Khatijah binti Md Saad
Nora binti Sahari Pn. Siti Suhaila Binti Samian

©Creative Design Centre (CDeC), Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan 20201

Published by:
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan
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Tel: 07-2612488
Faks: 07-2612402

ISSN: 2289-9839







ththeme

Edition2021

CONTENTS

1 Credits
2 Preface
6 Table of Contents
7 Explore plants with QR code features in campus areas

Julia Md. Tukiran
Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah

12 Relationship between Mental Health with Job Satisfaction among the Support Staff in a
Polytechnic in Malaysia
Masita binti Hassan and Sujaihah binti Razali
Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah

20 Integration of Quick Response (QR) Code in Teaching and Learning Activities
Siti Noor Shaadah binti Ali
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

26 Wearable Chest Heart Rate Monitoring with Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
Yusmahaida binti Yusoff, Mohd Mifzal Arif bin Zamri and Syafawati binti Sameon
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

32 IoT Water Usage Management Module by Using Water Flow Sensor “MyWaterMtr”
Wan Mohd Rumaizi bin Wan Taib, Mohamad Nazid bin Mukhtar and Muhammad Haziq bin
Mohd Zain
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

37 Development of Automatic Hand Sanitiser Dispenser using Arduino UNO
Zaharudin bin Md Dawam and Aiman bin Salim
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

43 Practice Social Distancing using Wearable Alarm Wristband Device
Mohamad Noh bin Ahmad and Mohamad Aiman Thaqif bin Sarbini
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

48 Development of Portable Automatic Bed Light with Morning Alarm
Adibah Ahmad, Rohana Hasan and Nur Fatiha Hislam
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

53 Solar Learning Kit with Simple D.I.Y Solar Charger Controller
Zuraidah bt. M.Taib and Muhammad Arif Ikhmal bin Jasni
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

58 Gas Leakage Detector with Ventilation System
Zuraidah bt M. Taib and Muhammad Danial Amir bin Jamaludin
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

CONTENTS

62 GPS Tracking Device
Nazra Aris and Nur Shafiqah Qistina Rashid
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

67 Development of Coolant Vacuum for Lathe, Milling and Drilling Machine
Nor Hafizah binti Adnan, Alicia Adriana and Yazid Hanafi bin Karno
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

72 Control Home Appliance Using IoT
Ts. Mohd Fairuz bin Salleh, Danial Aiman bin Noor Azman and Farhan bin Moh Fekari
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

81 Automated Shoulder Crutches
Azlin binti Yahya and Ahmad Iffat Imran bin Ali
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

85 Implementasi Kit Asas Rumah Pintar untuk Kursus DET10022 - Electrical Wiring di
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan
Mazlan bin Karim @ Hussein
Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan

90 Penghasilan Warna Batik Daripada Bahan Alami : Satu Kajian Tinjauan
Noor Azreen binti Ibrahim
Politeknik Besut Terengganu

98 Pembangunan eCatalog Eco Print Sebagai Medium Pengajaran & Pembelajaran
Pewarnaan Alam Semulajadi
Mohd Izswan bin Mohd Sidik1, Badrul Hisham bin Shaharin2 dan Qistina binti Arshad1
1Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, 2Kolej Komuniti Temerloh

104 Ancaman Kepada Habitat Asal Parosphromenus Tweediei di Sekitar Kawasan Kampung
Seri Bunian, Pontian Johor.
Mohd Rafiq bin Mujilan, Junita binti Shaari dan Normah binti Ishak
Kolej Komuniti Pagoh

112 Tahap Kesedaran Umum Terhadap Lawatan Maya Sebagai Satu Pendekatan Baharu
Norazwani Suhaimi dan Sharifah Nozi Syed Hamid
Kolej Komuniti Hulu Selangor

120 Kesediaan Pelajar Fesyen dan Pakaian Terhadap Penggunaan Video Pengajaran dan Pem-
belajaran Semasa Pandemik Covid-19
Mohd Safirul bin Md. Zin
Kolej Komuniti Gerik

126 Komuniti Pembelajaran Profesional (KPP) Dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdP)
Guru Daerah Besut,Terengganu
Azmawati binti Salleh1 , Erawati binti Mahrilar2 dan Alwanie binti Salleh2
1Kolej Komuniti Jelebu, 2Sekolah Kebangsaan Seberang Jerteh

IoT Water Usage Management Module by Using Water Flow Sensor
“MyWaterMtr”

Wan Mohd Rumaizi bin Wan Taiba, Mohamad Nazid bin Mukhtar b and
Muhammad Haziq bin Mohd Zainc

Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, Johor, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Keywords: Internet of Things; Automated Water Meter; Wi-fi Module; Water Bill Tariff.

Abstract. The Internet of Things (IoT), often known as the Internet of Everything or the Industrial
Internet. It is a new technology paradigm envisioned as a global network of interconnected equipment
and objects. Meanwhile, water is the most valuable and readily available natural resource on the
planet. Population expansion generates an inequitable distribution of drinking water in cities,
necessitating the monitoring and regulation of water use on a minimum-requirement basis. The
proposed system enhances water supply monitoring and home water consumption. The current water
billing system is a time-consuming and difficult process. The main objective of the research is to
build and develop a module system that can measure the flow of the water in order to monitor the
consumption of water usage. As the central console of an embedded system, an Arduino Wemos D1
R1 compatible ESP8266 board is used to read the sensor of water usage for residences purposes. The
system consists of YF-B5 as a flow sensor. As a result, the calculation of the water usage will be done
automatically and at the same time will display on LCD and the system will send the information
onto consumer smartphone via the wi-fi developed module as accurate water bill calculation as the
tariff under company Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ) Sdn Bhd. The development analysis is to calibrate and
obtain a correct calculation on the coding written by utilizing a standard water tariff as a basis of the
calculation. The product was successfully developed and established to measure water flow
consumption and educate users on how to manage their water bills. Also, it will successfully send the
desired information to the consumer's smartphone via a Wi-Fi-developed module as part of the
Internet of Things (IoT), which is a current global trend which is the real-time notification.

Introduction

The modern digital era is focusing on smart city applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT),
Wi-Fi, etc. The IoT is recognized as one of the most important areas of future technology and is
gaining vast attention from a wide range of industries, (In Lee, 2015). Effective water management
is supplying water based on actual demand, hence water measurement is a critical stage in water
management systems. Many water flow measurement techniques and numerous types of water flow
meters are used to measure the amount of water flow in pipes, but they are all prohibitively expensive.
This proposal describes ideas for the design and development of Water Usage Management by Using
Water Flow Sensor, with the help of readily available and medium-cost water flow sensors. The
sustainability of available water resources in many regions in Malaysia especially in Johor is now a
serious issue. Unnecessary water waste can be reduced by levying small fees that are affordable to
the poor. By using older mechanical meters, meter reading changes and more errors are visible. Leaking
pipes in premises also make it hard for the consumers to trace them (Nadiah, 2019). Manual water
billing methods are expensive and have other drawbacks, such as missing water bills. In addition,
users must wait until the end of the month to learn about their water usage and cost. Because of the
human error and inconsistency associated with manually controlled systems, an automatic water
billing system was developed. Human error is linked to manually run systems, incorrect bill
preparation, bill availability, and payment processes, all of which take time. The main objective of
the research is to build and develop a module system that can measure the flow of the water in order
to monitor the consumption of water usage.

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Methodology
Arduino WEMOS D1 Rev 2 was used as a microcontroller which was one of the latest versions of
the Arduino module, this microcontroller will receive input from Hall Effect Based Flow Sensor. The
D1 board can be configured to work on the Arduino environment using the boards manager
(Hareendran, 2021). Water flow sensors are used to measure how much water is utilized by homes
that are connected to a public water supply system.

Fig. 1. Block Diagram of the System

The block diagram shown in Fig. 1., consists of Arduino WEMOS D1 Rev 2 which acts as a
microcontroller, Water Flow Sensor YF-B5 as input component, LCD as output. Firstly, the initial
process started with a Hall Effect Sensor that was placed in a Water flow sensor interfaced with
Arduino through 3 ribbon connectors and used to measure every of water flow through it. When water
rushes through the rotor, the pressure causes the rotor to rotate. Its speed varies depending on the rate
of flow. The equivalent pulse signal is generated by the Water Flow Sensor. A small fan/propeller
shaped rotor is positioned in the path of the water flowing through the flow meter to use the water
flow sensor. The water causes the rotor's fan to rotate by pushing against it. A Hall Effect sensor is
attached to the rotor shaft The hall-effect sensor outputs the corresponding pulse signal (Botnroll,
2021). It consists of a current-flowing coil and a magnet linked to the rotor's shaft, which induces a
voltage/pulse as the rotor turns. In this flow meter, for every litre of water passing through it per
minute, its outputs about 4.5 pulses and then this data will be sent to microcontroller, diagram of
Water Flow Sensor as shown in Fig. 2 below.

In relation to the Arduino, the flow rate sensor only requires a few connections. The flow rate sensor
has only three wires: a 5V Vcc (Red wire), a GND (Black wire), and a signal/pulse (Usually Yellow)
line. The flow rate sensor's pulse line is attached to an Arduino pin. Next, when the microcontroller
reads and retrieves data information from Water Flow sensor, microcontroller will process data
information and work on the principle of the water flow sensor. According to this theory, a voltage
differential is induced in a conductor that is transverse to the electric current and perpendicular to the
magnetic field. Water Flow Sensor produces roughly 4.5 pulses for every litre of liquid going through
it every minute. This is due to the changing magnetic field caused by the magnet attached to the rotor
shaft as seen in figure 3. By using an Arduino WEMOS D1, the microcontroller counts the number
of pulses and uses a simple conversion formula to calculate the flow rate in litres per hour (L/hr). If
the microcontroller fails to retrieve data from the water flow sensor, the system's process will be
terminated.

Fig. 2. Hall Effect of Water Flow Sensor Fig. 3. Process of Water Flow Sensor

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The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), is a cross-platform application written in
C and C++ that includes a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with
buttons for basic operations. The Arduino IDE is used to create the code and upload it to the
microcontroller for testing and implementation. The spinning of the rotor induces a voltage difference
in the conductor in this sensor, according to this concept. The induced voltage differential runs in the
opposite direction of the electric stream. The rotor revolves when the moving fan turns due to the
flow of water, which produces the voltage. This induced voltage is measured by the hall effect sensor
and displayed on the Blynk app. The data of the water flow retrieved from the water flow sensor is
now to be converted onto the written source coding in Arduino IDE to display the price of the water
bills correctly based on the tariff (SAJ, 2020) under company Ranhill Sdn Bhd or formerly known as
Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ) Sdn Bhd. Thus, output data will be sent through Wi-fi Module via the Blynk
application to the consumer smartphone.

Fig. 4. Schematic Circuit Overall System

Fig. 5. Overview of Product

Blynk is a platform that allows in-build interfaces for controlling and monitoring hardware projects
from iOS and Android devices. Blynk supports most Arduino boards, Raspberry Pi models, the
ESP8266, Particle Core, and a handful of other common microcontrollers and single-board
computers, and more are being added over time (Alsen, 2017). Arduino Wi-Fi and Ethernet shields
are supported in order to control devices plugged into a computer’s USB port as well. Thus, output
data will be sent through Wi-fi Module via the Blynk application to the consumer smartphone.

Result
The analysis and result for this project in order to calibrate and get a correct calculation on the coding
written by using a standard water tariff as a foundation of the calculation result as well as a validity
of the project and to get the efficiency of water flow sensor additionally can also increase accuracy.
The result from the test carried out 10 times was analysed and further studied so that the project is
based on the correct data. Testing is done stage in stages.

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Coding Calculation Validity. For the water bill calculation, the coding is written according to the
water tariff from water supply corporation in Johor which is Ranhill Sdn Bhd. For this experiment,
there are three (3) stages in which the first stage is to calibrate the frequency of the water flow sensor
in order to get high accuracy of water flow which is frequency author was set up to 4.99MHz. Second
stage is flow rating of water flow by referring to a datasheet of water flow sensor which formula
(frequency/6.6) is entered into a source code and by this way water flow sensor will read a signal
pulse and calculate the water flow rate based on this formula set up. At the final stage, entering the
formula for water bill calculation which is every litres water flowing through MyWaterMtr that will
send to a microcontroller and will automatically calculate it, refer to water tariff i.e. for the first 1m3
– 20m3 = RM0.80, for next 21m3 - 35m3 =RM2.00 and for 35m3 and above was RM3.00. This tariff
calculation is only for domestic users and for a religious institution, domestic bulk or non-domestic
category will be different.

By using this simple conversion that has added these formulae into the source code of programming,
whichever litre water flowing through MyWaterMtr has been calculated. For the final product
functionality, the authors have made an experiment with 3Litre of water and at the end of the result,
this project was shown the satisfactory output for the 3L water with RM0.0024 total bill amount.
Output result display can refer to Fig. 6. below.

Fig. 6. Final MyWaterMtr Functionality Test Output Display

Product Efficiency. An experiment was conducted to find the product efficiency. The formula to
calculate work efficiency is the ratio of output to input expressed as a percentage (Hussain, 2019).
Table 1 below shows the analysis and result for this project such as analysis about how to get the
efficiency of a water flow sensor and also increase accuracy. The result from the 10 times test was
analyzed and further studied so that the project is based on the correct data by setting on 5 Litre of
water repeatedly. Testing is done stage by stage. The result was good because the efficiency of the
product is up to 98% accuracy of the sensor reading.

Table 1. Result of Efficiency (τ) Test for 10 times Attempts.

Fig. 7. Testing Apparatus and
Setup

= ∑ × 100% 49.54 = . %
∑ = 50.00 × 100%

Efficiency of the product was 99.08%

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Conclusion

The product was successfully developed and proven to be used accordingly as it was aimed to
measure the water flow by consumption of water per user and indirectly educate users to control their
water bills. The present water billing system used analog and tedious water meters. Modern electronic
devices, such as a water flow sensor, could be utilized to overcome the inherent limitations of analog
metres, such as their lack of precision and the possibility of human error while invoicing, among other
things. It is clear from the case study that flow sensors can generate extremely accurate findings.
When compared to the current water billing system, the suggested approach is more cost-effective
and reliable. The process of monitoring water flow rate, transmitting consumption, computing the
bill, and so on is handled by a pre-programmed Arduino controller, which eliminates human error.
Also, billing information is display on LCD and also can be sent into consumer smartphones via Wi-
Fi developed module as a part of the Internet of Things (IoT) as a current global trend which is re-
time notification. It is reliable and also helpful for the consumers as they will be notified of the water
usage and billing whenever they want.

References

Alsen (2017). Relay control using NodeMCU through Blynk App. Retrieved from
https://projects.digilentinc.com/shibinkp202/relay-control-using-nodemcu-through-Blynk-
app-b3750c#things.

Botnroll (2021). Water Flow Sensor YF-B5. Retrieved from

https://www.botnroll.com/en/biometrics/2546-water-flow-sensor-yf-b5.html.

Hareendran (2021). WeMos D1 WiFi Review. Retrieved from
https://www.electroschematics.com/d1-wi-wi-board/.

Hussain. "How to Calculate Work Efficiency" sciencing.com. Retrieved from
https://sciencing.com/calculate-work-efficiency-6454792.html. 15 August 2021.

In Lee, K. L. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, Investments, and Challenges for
Enterprises, Business Horizons, 431-440.

Nadiah Zamlus (2019). Paip Dalam Premis Bocor Punca Bil Air Tinggi, Informatic For Public.
Retrieved from https://selangorkini.my/2019/06/paip-dalam-premis-bocor-punca-bil-air-
tinggi/.

SAJ (2020). Tariff Grid Syarikat Air Johor Holding (Malaysia). Retrieved from
https://tariffs.ib-net.org/sites/IBNET/ViewTariff?tariffId=1668&countryId=0.

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