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20255th International Conferenceon Applied Sciences, Information andTechnologyICo-ASCNITech
ICO-ASNITECH 2025 138e-PROCEEDINGSA Development of Smart Safety Box with IoT Approach Intan Rafidah Abd Rahim1,a, Wan Mohd Rumaizi Wan Taib1,b and Md Fadil Md Esa2,c1Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, KM10 Jalan Kong Kong, Pasir Gudang, Johore, 81700, Malaysia2School of Professional and Continuing Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru,Johore, 81310, [email protected]@[email protected]*Corresponding author email: [email protected]: This paper presents the development of a smart safety box that been used at lost item centre and designed to enhance the security and management of personal belongings. The system integrates advanced IoT technologies, including an ESP32+CAM module, keypad lock, and smart photo sending functionality and media the social media platform Telegram, to offer a secure and user-friendly solution. The basic functionality of the system is, to open this safety box where the items that have been reported lost will be placed in this box is to insert the correct passcode that had been set initially. This will activate the solenoid lock to open the door. While the advantage of this box is that the user can always change the passcode repeatedly, and this is using the open variable selection algorithm methodology in the programming that was developed. The system’s functionality was evaluated under various conditions, demonstrating its reliability and efficiency in safeguarding valuables. Apart from that, one of the results obtained based on testing that has been done is the response time for sending picture taken takes less than 4 seconds to display on the Telegram platform. While the current design highlights significant advancements, limitations such as the need for a stronger casing and dependence on stable internet connectivity were identified. Future enhancements, including robust casing materials and expanded functionalities like facial recognition, are recommended to improve its durability and adaptability. This study underscores the potential of IoT technologies to revolutionize the management of lost and found systems in public and private spaces including educational institutions. Keywords: Safety box, passcode, IoT, smart photo sending1 IntroductionSmart environment technologies have witnessed remarkable advancements over the past decade, driving the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications aimed at addressing diverse challenges and issues (Madakam et al., 2015). IoT, defined as a network of interconnected intelligent devices capable of communication and data generation, has enabled the integration of various devices, ranging from household appliances to industrial machinery, into a cohesive ecosystem. This assertion is further supported by Zhao et al. (2010) the Internet of Things, which will utilize the capabilities provided by each of these technologies to achieve the goal of a network environment that is completely responsive and interactive. Instant messaging, email, and many other forms of near-instantaneous communication are just a few examples of how IoT is revolutionizing culture and business (Verdouw et al., 2019). Despite its conceptual origins in earlier technological paradigms, the adoption of IoT has surged in recent years due to advancements in hardware miniaturization, reduced energy consumption, enhanced connectivity, and the incorporation of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics (Kumar et al., 2019). According to recent studies, the number of active IoT devices is projected to reach 41 billion by 2027, generating a staggering 73 Zettabytes of data (Goudarzi et al., 2022). One of the significant domains where IoT demonstrates substantial potential is safety and security (Awad et al., 2024). IoT solutions have been successfully deployed to mitigate risks such as theft, fire, and other unforeseen incidents. The issue of misplaced items remains prevalent, with surveys indicating a substantial economic and temporal cost associated with searching for lost belongings. For instance, individuals reportedly lose over 200,000 items throughout their lifetime, with keys being among the most frequently misplaced (Ahmad et al., 2015). Within educational institutions, the lack of systematic approaches to manage lost-and-found items poses challenges for students and faculty alike. While security personnel often store recovered items, the absence of a proper retrieval system frequently results in unclaimed belongings. This project aims to develop an IoT product that can send photo via Telegram ChatBOT. In
139 ICO-ASNITECH 2025 e-PROCEEDINGSaddition, this research also aims to create that allows users to change a passcode regularly to increase level of security. This research addresses the challenges by proposing an IoT-based application, the IoT based safety box which can place and display item. The novel solution enhances the management and security of lost-and-found items by leveraging advanced features such as security locks, photo recognition, and social media notifications. 2 Related WorkThere are several applications and mechanisms that target management and tracking of lost items. In the following, a literature review of these mechanisms is presented. The CampusTrace system that was developed by T et al., (2024), introduces an innovative approach to handling lost and found items in campus environments by streamlining the reporting process and ensuring items are returned to their rightful owners. By encouraging social collaboration and implementing user-friendly designs, CampusTrace enhances recovery efficiency and strengthens community engagement. Privacy and security are prioritized, requiring administrative authentication for item claims, ensuring data protection while fostering cooperation within the campus community. While EasyFind system leverages mobile iBeacon nodes and participatory sensing networks to locate lost items. The system employs six distinct localization scenarios to minimize positioning errors based on the number of smartphones and static iBeacon nodes involved. A prototype Android application demonstrates the feasibility of this approach, showcasing its accuracy in various environments (Chen & Liu, 2019). Another study integrates xBeacon sensing equipment with RSSI positioning, event analysis, and intelligent cutting algorithms. This approach divides potential areas into segments, enabling precise estimation of an item’s location. Such methodologies are particularly valuable for tracking key items and alleviating anxiety associated with their loss (Hung et al., 2018). An RFID-based system highlights the application of IoT devices like RFID tags and email notifications to automate the detection and cataloguing of lost items. This system simplifies recovery processes by reducing manual efforts, utilizing IoT for effective database management and streamlined operations (Muhamad Ilias, 2020). Photo-based identification systems represent another avenue of innovation, combining image comparison of lost and recovered items with advanced technologies like MobileNetV2 and CBAM. The integration of perceptual hashing algorithms further optimizes image matching. An Internet-based framework supports this system, offering a robust online platform for item identification and recovery (Zhou et al., 2024). IoT-based solutions have been implemented to address the critical issue of safety in maritime transportation, particularly during Man Overboard (MOB) incidents, with significant advancements achieved in this area (Gürüler et al., 2022). They emphasize the integration of advanced technologies, including sensors, radio frequency, GPS, and connected devices, into portable emergency systems to enhance vessel detection and response capabilities. Notably, the deployment of individual emergency devices for personnel and passengers has been highlighted as a critical innovation, facilitating the rapid identification of MOB incidents through wireless communication with in-ship automation systems. 3 MethodologyThe main idea for this safe box system with easy operational handling. The door of the box will be locked withthe default setting, and it will only can be opened by the user entering the correct passcode that has been set initially. As an additional feature, this passcode key can always be changed from time to time by administrator who is entrusted to manage this safety box. After the claimer of the item closes the door of this safety box, the limit switch will be activated and the camera will take a picture of the claimer as proof of who has taken the item. This also one of the additional features of validity to increase the level of authentication of this product. The picture will be directly sent to the admin via Telegram Chatbot. The developed safety box project is broken down into several phases so that problems can be fixed without delaying other tasks in the project. The agile methodology also helps to save time by doing the tasks in parallel and developing the other phases of the project.3.1 System softwareUnlike traditional storage solutions, this safety box is a sophisticated solution designed to safeguard valuables through the utilization of cutting-edge IoT technology. It integrates an automatic photo-taking system triggered by an activity sensor, setting it apart from conventional key-based locks. Additionally, the use of Telegram Chatbot notifications provides real-time updates, surpassing the static security of earlier designs. The Fig.1 illustrates the system operational flowchart of the developed safety box, showcasing the sequence of events from user interaction to the final notification. Starting by motion detection to activate the system with led light to show system activated. The process begins with the user entering a password on the keypad, which is validated in the next step by keypad system module. If the password is correct, the system allows the door to open. Once the door is closed, the face recognition module activates, capturing an image. The captured image is then transmitted to the user's Telegram account as a notification. The flowchart follows a linear progression,
140 ICO-ASNITECH 2025 e-PROCEEDINGSwith conditional checks to ensure that the door's status and activity trigger the subsequent actions appropriately.Fig. 1. System flowchart3.2 System hardwareIn general, the system hardware that has been developed is divided into three (3) main modules that use separate microcontrollers such as keypad system module, face recognition system module and motion detection module. This can facilitate any troubleshooting process and problem detection if it occurs.3.2.1 Keypad system moduleThe Fig.2 represents the block diagram of keypad module that developed in the safety box. This module uses a simple ESP32 controller where the system connects with 12 keys keypad as input to the controller. This, allowing users to enter its password for authentication. Once the input is processed by the ESP32, it manages two output components: the LCD display, which provides real-time feedback such as status updates or prompts, and the 12V solenoid lock, which either secures or unlocks the box based on the password verification.Fig. 2. Block diagram of keypad system module3.2.2 Face recognition system moduleThe Fig. 3 illustrates the Image Recognition System Module architecture. At the heart of the module is the ESP32+CAM, which serves as the primary processing and image-capturing unit. The module is triggered by a limit switch, which acts as an input sensor to detect the status of the box, such as whether the drawer remains open. Once activated, the ESP32+CAM captures images and processes them for transmission. The images are then sent to the user via Telegram for real-time monitoring. Additionally, the module includes an LED indicator to provide visual feedback about the system's status during operation.
141 ICO-ASNITECH 2025 e-PROCEEDINGSFig. 3. Block diagram of face recognition system module3.2.3 Motion detection system moduleThe figure in Fig. 4 illustrates a motion detection system module, comprising three primary components which are an IR sensor, an Arduino UNO microcontroller, and a 12V LED. The IR sensor, depicted on the left, serves as the input module for detecting motion or proximity, generating signals upon detecting infrared radiation. These signals are transmitted to the Arduino UNO, represented as the central processing unit in the system. The Arduino UNO processes the input signals from the IR sensor and outputs a control signal to activate the LED. The 12V LED, positioned on the right, acts as the output module, illuminating upon receiving the control signal from the Arduino.Fig. 4. Block diagram of motion detection system module3.2.4 Schematic designThe control circuit is the main circuit of the intelligent device designed in this development, which connects directly to the input of the power supply designated for the operation of the safety box. Fig. 5. Main circuit schematic diagramThe circuit schematic in Fig. 5 was designed using Proteus 8.9 Free software, which is a popular tool in electronic circuit design (Shemon et al., 2016). Proteus 8.9 offers an easy-to-understand interface and 'drag-
142 ICO-ASNITECH 2025 e-PROCEEDINGSand-drop' functionality that facilitates use by various groups. It enables efficient visualization and creation of circuit layouts, ensuring the best placement and correct connections between components. The schematic diagram, as shown in Fig. 5, shows the arrangement and connection of various components including the keypad module, ESP32+CAM, Limit Switch, relay module, LCD screen, and solenoid lock. During the development process, we pay close attention to project requirements and component operability. The circuit layout has been improved to reduce space and interference between components, ensuring efficient operation. Tests and adjustments were made to ensure reliability and compatibility with the overall system design. Proteus 8.9 is a valuable tool in schematic circuit development, with a friendly u ser interface and complete features, making it an excellent choice for projects like this.3.3 Product designThe Fig.6 depicts a physical casing designed for this safety box, constructed primarily from acrylic material. The casing features a transparent front door for visibility, allowing users to view the contents without opening the box. In the image, the box's base indicating the foundation, which appears sturdy and designed for stability. The image provides dimensions, with the box measuring width (W) 250mm x length (L) 250mm x Height (H) 420mm respectively. The casing integrates a locking mechanism and handle on the door for secure and controlled access. The design prioritizes functionality, visibility, and durability, suitable for secure storage in public or institutional environments.Fig. 6. Design of physical product outlook3.3.1 Component listThe table outlines the Internet of Things (IoT) components utilized in this project, detailing the hardware and tools employed for its functionality. Three microprocessors are integrated which are the ESP32 is designated for module 1, the ESP32+Cam for module 2, and the Arduino UNO for module 3, highlighting a modular approach to system architecture. Actuation is handled by a solenoid lock, ensuring secure operation. For user interaction, an LCD display utilizing the LiquidCrystal_I2C library provides visual feedback, while a keypad configured with the Keypad library and a 4x3 matrix hardware enables input functionality. The system employsa relay module, connected to GPIO pin 2, to control power to various components. An IR sensor connected to SENSOR_PIN (pin 4) facilitates motion or object detection. Additionally, limit switches, comprising a pushbutton, lever switch, and traditional limit switch, enhance physical interaction and safety.Table 1. List of components usedComponent Object/tool UsedESP32 Microprocessor for keypad moduleESP32+Cam Microprocessor for face recognition moduleArduino UNOSolenoid LockMicroprocessor motion detection for moduleLocated to lock the box doorLCD LiquidCrysta1_12C library12 key Keypad Solenoid Lock2-Channel Relay Module Solenoid LockIR Sensor Solenoid LockLimit Switch Solenoid Lock
143 ICO-ASNITECH 2025 e-PROCEEDINGS4 ResultThe proposed solution is expected to provide an effective solution to the problem of lost items while improving safety, convenience, and regularity in the management of valuables. By combining IoT technology such as ESP32+CAM, passcode entering, and smart photo sending directly to user, this project facilitates the identification and retrieval of abandoned items, reducing the inconvenience and confusion experienced by the community due to lost items. The benefits will be felt by individuals and organizations in various sectors, such as housing, educational institutions, and business. Furthermore, by increasing the level of security and regularity, this project helps reduce the risk of theft and loss. Without the implementation of this project, the possibility of losing items will continue to increase, causing losses and wasting time in efforts to find and reidentify lost items. This project aims to develop a safety Box that integrates smart photo system technology to send photos directly to Telegram, keypad, and ESP32+CAM to ensure smooth functionality. A friendly user interface will facilitate accessibility, while compatibility and scalability will support various usage scenarios and future developments. Adherence to industry standards will increase the trust and credibility of this solution, increasing the value of its proposal for stakeholders.4.1 Testing resultThis system will implement the feature of changing the password on the keypad to allow the user to change the passcode at any time by pressing the button on the keypad, as well as take a photo automatically every time the door is opened and closed it send directly to Telegram Chatbot. This is intended to ensure the authenticity of the item collection data from the photos taken and prevent potential fraud. Strict security measures, including encryption protocols and secure authentication mechanisms, will ensure the protection of goods. The project targets measurable improvements in convenience and security, demonstrated through reduced unauthorized access and increased peace of mind for stakeholders. A several functional testing and evaluation was conducted in supporting the project goals.4.1.1 Functional testIn this function test, it is to test the functioning operation of sending pictures that have been taken by the camera immediately after the product’s door is closed, specifically the limit switch has been pressed. The test is based on 5 control sequences that have been set, namely the limit switch operation, the LED will light up to prepare the user for the picture to be taken, the camera will operate, then the WIFI module will send data and finally the Telegram ChatBOT will receive the data. Overall, all of these operation sequences have successfully operated well.Table 2. Functional testing and checking resultSeq Component Apparatus Testing Method & Result Judgement1 Limit Switch. Limit Switch, MultimeterUse a multimeter to check continuity after pressing when the door. = ‘0’ ohm. Continuity PASS.OK2 Camera Camera Module (ESP32-CAM), Telegram App. Stopwatchi. Trigger the /photo command or limit switch to capture a photo after 4 sec of third LED light ON. = 3.5sec.ii. Check a valid photo is sent via Telegram. = Sent Correct PhotoOK3 WIFI ModuleArduino IDE platformi. Connect to WiFi using predefined SSID and password.and monitor on serial monitor output = Connectedii. Verify IP address and notify Telegram bot upon successful connection. = ConnectedOK4 Telegram ChatBotHandphone & Interneti. Initialize Telegram bot with token and chat ID.ii. Set up message handling for commands (e.g., /start, /photo).iii. Test message sending to verify photo capture and feedback are sent correctly.OKIn Fig. 7 shows the results of sending pictures of belongings owners whose claiming their items after the door is closed for verification and storage purposes via the Telegram application.
144 ICO-ASNITECH 2025 e-PROCEEDINGSFig. 7. Photo received via Telegram ChatBOT for authentication purpose4.2 Product outlook Overall, this product has been successfully produced and functions well as planned. Several special features have been applied to the production of this product such as security by using the correct password only, the product door can only be opened and the user can change the password at any time. Appropriate size and the use of lightweight and strong materials. Fig. 8 (a) shows the physical appearance of the completed safety box product while in (b) the camera positioned in front of the door and the keypad and LCD on the side of the box as input and output component for admin use only to key-in the password or change it.(a) (b)Fig. 8. (a) Overall develop box, (b) Input and output components
145 ICO-ASNITECH 2025 e-PROCEEDINGS5 ConclusionThis design and implementation of an IoT-based safety box, which integrates technologies such as ESP32+CAM, a keypad lock system, and real-time notifications via Telegram ChatBOT. The system effectively enhances the security and accessibility of personal belongings by providing automated features and user-friendly interactions. The integration of the smart photo-taking system and wireless notifications demonstrated a success rate in delivering real-time updates, making the solution more efficient and secure than traditional lost-and-found systems. The proposed solution can be effectively deployed in schools, offices, and public spaces to safeguard valuables and reduce the risk of theft or loss, providing users with a reliable and smart storage system. Despite its effectiveness, the system's performance is dependent on stable internet connectivity, and the image transmission process may experience delays in low-bandwidth environments. Also, the fabrication of its casing, which lacks the structural strength needed for high-traffic or outdoor use. Future iterations of this system could incorporate facial recognition for enhanced security, as well as cloud storage for image archiving. Additionally, integration with mobile applications could improve accessibility and user experience.ReferencesAhmad, S., Ziaullah, M., Rauniyar, L., Su, M., Zhang, Y. (2015). How does matter lost and misplace items issue and its technological solutions in 2015 -A review study. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 17(4), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-17417984.Awad, A. I., Babu, A., Barka, E., & Shuaib, K. (2024). AI-powered biometrics for internet of things security: A review and future vision. In Journal of Information Security and Applications (Vol. 82, p. 103748). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2024.103748.Chen, L. W., & Liu, J. X. (2019, March). EasyFind: a mobile crowdsourced guiding system with lost item finding based on IoT technologies. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops) (pp. 343-345). IEEE.Goudarzi, M., Palaniswami, M., Buyya, R., & The University of Melbourne. (2022). Scheduling IoT applications in edge and fog computing environments: A taxonomy and future directions. In ACM Comput. Surv. (Vols. 1–1, Issue 1, pp. 1–43).Gürüler, H., Altun, M., Khan, F., & Whangbo, T. (2022). Man overboard detection system using IoT for navigation model. Computers, Materials & Continua/Computers, Materials & Continua (Print), 71(3), 4955–4969. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.023556.Hung, L., Chao, Y., & Chen, C. (2018). A hybrid key item locating method to assist elderly daily life using internet of things. Mobile Networks and Applications, 24(3), 786–795.Kumar, S., Tiwari, P., & Zymbler, M. (2019). Internet of things is a revolutionary approach for future technology enhancement: a review. Journal of Big Data, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0268-2.Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R., & Tripathi, S. (2015). Internet of things (IoT): A literature review. Journal of computer and communications, 03(05), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2015.35021.Muhamad Ilias, N. F. I. (2020). A web-based system for lost and found items system using RFID and email notification (Thesis Bachelor). Universiti Teknologi Mara. Retrieved from https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/45937/1/FullText%2045937.pdf.Shemon, E. R., Smith, M. A., Lee, C., & Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory. (2016). PROTEUS-SN User manual [User Manual].T, A., Eb, A. K., Km, M., Ap, V., & A, A. (2024). CampusTrace- Application for lost and found items on campus. Journal of Trends in Computer Science and Smart Technology, 6(2), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.36548/jtcsst.2024.2.006.Verdouw, C., a,b, Sundmaeker, H., Tekinerdogan, B., Conzon, D., Montanaro, T., Information Technology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Mprise Agriware, ATB – Institut für angewandte Systemtechnik Bremen GmbH, & LINKS Foundation. (2019). Architecture framework of IoT-based food and farm systems: A multiple case study. In Computers and Electronics in Agriculture [Journal-article]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.104939.Zhao, N. J., Zhang, N. J., Feng, N. Y., & Guo, N. J. (2010). The study and application of the IoT technology in agriculture. 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, 462–465. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsit.2010.5565120.Zhou, M., Fung, I., Yang, L., Wan, N., Di, K., & Wang, T. (2024). LostNet: A smart way for lost and find. PLoS ONE, 19(10), e0310998. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310998.
20255th International Conferenceon Applied Sciences, Information andTechnologyICo-ASCNITechMAIN ORCOMMITTADVISORY BOARDDirector-GeneraDepartment of Polytechnic and C EducationDr. Shamsuri bin AbdDirectorPoliteknik Negeri Padang Dr. Ir. Surfa Yondri, ST., S.S DirectorPoliteknik Ibrahim STn. Hj. Ulaimi bin YaDeputy Director (Academ Politeknik Negeri Padang Ir. Revalin Herdianto, ST., Director TECHNICAL PROGRAM Politeknik Ibrahim STs. Dr. Saipol Hadi bin Kepala Pusat Penelitian da kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Negeri Padang Dr. Dony Marzuki,S.S.,MPoliteknik Ibrahim SDr. Nurul Azhani binti Mo Politeknik Ibrahim SDr. Marriatyi binti MCONFERENCE CTimbalan Pengarah (Akademik)Politeknik Ibrahim SultanYM Tengku Nadzion bin Tengku Ibrah
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