Ruby - Mozambique - 15081901102007

39

Correlation diagram V/Cr vs. Fe/Ga

This correlation diagram shows two population areas. The first extends from ca. 0.1 to 1 ppma for the ratio iron/gallium; it hosts the rubies from the marble-related deposits
in Burma (Myanmar) and the rubies from the Mangari mining area in Kenya. The 10.28 cts ruby described in the Monograph is located in the second population field that is
characterized by high Fe/Ga ratios (> 10). This area hosts the rubies originating from Mozambique and from other East African deposits in Tanzania and Madagascar. These
are situated in host rocks characterized by high iron contents (e.g. amphibolite).

40

Tri-angular correlation diagram Ga (ppma) – V (ppma) – Fe (ppma)

This correlation diagram contains three population areas. One is situated near the «Ga corner» of the di-
agram (extending along the Ga-Fe axis); it represents the Kenyan rubies from the Mangari mining area.
Another population field is located near the V-corner of the diagram; it hosts the rubies from Burma (My-
anmar). Rubies originating from different locations in East Africa (Tanzania, Madagascar, Mozambique) are
situated in a small population field close to the «Fe corner» of the correlation triangle. The ruby of 10.28 cts
described in the Monograph is a Mozambique ruby; it was formed in an iron-rich amphibolite host rock and
the diagram explains that its representative point in the diagram is in the «Fe corner».

41

RUBY – MOZAMBIQUE – UNHEATED
15081901102007 – 10.28CTS

The UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrum of Mozambique
rubies display features that are typical for rubies grown in iron-
rich, mafic-ultramafic host rocks (e.g. amphibolites).and that
feature particularly intense Cr3+. The spectrum clearly features
the ‘R’ line in the region of 690 nm, the ‘S’ lines near 660 nm,
an intense ‘U’ band centered near 560 nm, the ‘B’ lines near
470 nm, and an intense ‘Y’ band centered near 400 nm. Fe3+
-related features in the UV-blue spectral region are of variable
intensity. In general, they are only present as weakly devel-
oped bands that are superimposed on the Cr3+ bands (around
390 and 450 nm); well-developed Fe3+ peaks (maximum at
388 nm) are rare in Mozambique rubies.

42

The chemical fingerprinting of this Mozambique ruby is typ-
ical for rubies that originate from iron-rich, mafic-ultramafic
host rocks (“amphibolite”). It has a high iron-content (ca. 1470
ppma). The chromium and titanium concentrations are me-
dium (ca. 780 ppma chromium, resp. ca. 38 ppma titanium).
The gallium content is low (ca. 15 ppma), the vanadium con-
tent is below the detection limit (< ca. 20 ppma) for the EDXRF
analytical method.

The FTIR-spectrum is characterized by the presence of
a very weak band around 3161 cm-1.

43

Inclusions

44

45

46

Colorless crystal. (40x)

47

48

Small crystals surrounded by rosette-like
healed fissures. (40x)

49

50

Unaltered partially healed fissure. (32x)

51

52

Elongated, transparent crystal. (40x)

53

54

Small six-sided, colorless crystals and a large crystal that
displays a metallic luster. (40x)

55

56

Unknown crystal displaying metallic luster. (50x)

57

58

Who is ICA | GemLab

ICA | GemLab are experts in the origin determination and
treatment detection of colored gemstones. Our expertise comes
from our unique ability to combine knowledge of renowned gemolo-
gists with the latest technology available to meticulously inspect your
gemstone and determine more than 40 geographical deposits. We
pride ourselves on our responsible, ethical and transparent services –
three cornerstone values of our company.

Our laboratory works in affiliation with the International Colored
Gemstone Association (ICA). The International Colored Gemstone As-
sociation (ICA) is a non-profit organization and the only worldwide
body specifically created to benefit the global colored gemstone in-
dustry. It now comprises over 700 gem industry leaders from mine to
market who are devoted to advancing and promoting the knowledge
and appreciation of colored gemstones.

59

Keywords Pastel Orange Lapis Lazili Red Spinel Significant CE, significant wax
Pastel Pink Malachite Rock Crystal TE
Color Pastel Purple Nephrite Rubellite TE + C1
Bi-colored: Greenish Blue and Reddish Pastel Violet Opal Ruby TE + C2
Orange Pastel Yellow Orthoclase Sapphire TE + C3
Bi-colored: Pink and Blue Pink Peridot Spessartine TE Be
Bi-colored: Purple and Blue Pink Orange Pyrope Garnet Spinel TE1
Bi-colored: Purple and Yellow Pink Red Quartz Star Ruby TE1 + C1
Bi-colored: Red and Green Pink Yellow Spessartine Garnet Star Sapphire TE1 + C2
Bi-colored: Red and Violet Pinkish Orange Sphene Sunstone TE1 + C3
Bi-colored: Yellow and Colorless Pinkish Purple Spinel Tanzanite TE2
Bi-colored: Bluish Green and Pink Pinkish Red Spodumene Tsavorite TE2 + C1
Bi-colored: Green and Brownish Orange Purple Topaz Violet Sapphire TE2 + C2
Bi-colored: Red and Violet Purple (“Iris Purple”) Tourmaline Yellow Sapphire TE2 + C3
Black Purple Red Turquoise Synthetic Ruby TE3
Blue Purplish Grey Zircon Synthetic Sapphire TE3 + C1
Blue and Golden Bronze Purplish Pink Zoisite TE3 + C2
Blue Green Purplish Red Synthetic Corundum Comment TE3 + C3
Blue Violet Purplish Violet Dyed (C-jade) TE4
Blue, Yellow and Golden Bronze Red Variety Dyed and impregnated TE4 + C1
Bluish Green Red Orange Alexandrite Dyed and impregnated (B+C-jade) TE4 + C2
Bluish Purple Red Pink Amethyst Impregnated TE4 + C3
Bluish Violet Red Purple Ametrine Impregnated (B-jade) TE5
Bronze Reddish Orange Aquamarine Insignificant CE TE5 + C1
Brown Reddish Pink Bi-colored Sapphire Irradiation treatment, color not stable TE5 + C2
Brownish Orange Reddish Purple Bi-colored Tourmaline Known in the trade as “golden sheen sapphire” TE5 + C3
Brownish Pink Violet Bixbite Minor CE
Colorless Violet Blue Blue Spinel Minor CE, minor oil Origin
Deep Red Violetish Blue Brown Sapphire Minor CE, minor resin Afghanistan
Golden Vivid Blue Cat’s Eye Alexandrite Minor CE, minor wax Afghanistan (Badakhshan)
Golden Bronze Vivid Green Cat’s Eye Chrysoberyl Minor CE, moderate oil Af rica
Green Vivid Pink Cat’s Eye Nephrite Minor CE, moderate resin Australia
Green and Golden Bronze Vivid Red Chrome tourmaline Minor CE, moderate wax Brazil
Green Blue Vivid Yellow Citrine Minor CE, significant oil Burma (Myanmar)
Green Yellow Vivid Yellowish Green Co-bearing Spinel Minor CE, significant resin Cambodia
Greenish Blue Yellow Color Change Sapphire Minor CE, significant wax China
Greenish Yellow Yellow and Golden Bronze Colorless Sapphire Moderate CE Colombia
Intense Blue Yellow Green Demantoid Moderate CE, minor oil East Africa
Intense Green Yellowish Green Emerald Moderate CE, minor resin Ethiopia
Intense Pink Yellowish Orange Goshenite Moderate CE, minor wax India
Intense Red Grandidierite Moderate CE, moderate oila Italy
Intense Yellow Color Trade Name Green Sapphire Moderate CE, moderate resin Kashmir
Light Blue Pigeon Blood Green Tourmaline Moderate CE, moderate wax Kenya
Light Green Royal Blue Imperial Topaz Moderate CE, significant oil Madagascar
Light Orange Indicolite Moderate CE, significant resin Mozambique
Light Pink Species Jadeite Jade Moderate CE, significant wax Nigeria
Light Purple Almandine Garnet Kunzite NCE Pakistan
Light Violet Andradite Garnet Labradorite No indications of treatment (A-jade) Russia
Light Violetish Blue Beryl Maxixe No indications of treatment Sri Lanka
Light Yellow Chalcedony Moonstone NTE Tajikistan
Orange Chrysoberyl Morganite Significant CE Tanzania
Orange Pink Corundum Nephrite Jade Significant CE, minor oil Tanzania (Mahenge)
Orange-Red Danburite Orange Sapphire Significant CE, minor resin Tanzania (Winza)
Orangy Pink Fluorite Padparadscha Significant CE, minor wax Thailand
Orangy Purple Grandidierite Paraiba Tourmaline Significant CE, moderate oil Vietnam
Orangy Purple Grossular Garnet Pink Sapphire Significant CE, moderate resin Zambia
Orangy Red Iolite Pink Spinel Significant CE, moderate wax Zimbabwe
Orangy Yellow Jadeite Purple Sapphire Significant CE, significant oil
Pastel Blue Kyanite Purple Spinel Significant CE, significant resin
Pastel Green

60

Terms and Conditions tain enhancements are not disclosed in No indications of heating (NTE) Indications of heating; beryllium detected
the Report does not necessarily mean that Indications of heating without residues in by Laser Ablation
Scope of Services such enhancement is absent. fissures (TE)
Indications of heating with minor residues Certain types of treatment cannot be de-
This Report issued by International Colored Gem- On the front page of this Report, the pres- in fissures (TE1 or TE2) tected by standard analytical (non-de-
stone Association GemLab (ICA | GemLab) is based ence or absence of indications for heating Indications of heating with moderate resi- structive) methods. Therefore, in case no
on the professional work of qualified gemologists is mentioned for rubies and sapphires. dues in fissures (TE3 or TE4) treatment comment is given in this Re-
using standard gemological instrumentation and Ruby and sapphire may be exposed to Indications of heating with significant resi- port, this does not necessarily imply that
high-level analytical techniques. The Report con- high temperature processes to change dues in fissures (TE5) no treatment has taken place.
tains the data necessary for the characterization their color and/or transparency. These pro- Indications of heating with minor amount
and identification of gemstone(s) submitted for cesses may be restricted to the application of residues in cavities (C1) In emerald, the color and/or clarity en-
testing. The unaltered report printed on original of elevated temperatures only, or they may Indications of heating with moderate hancement is generally done by the filling
paper, laminated and issued by ICA | GemLab is involve the use of chemicals that allow the amount of residues in cavities (C2) of surface-reaching fissures with colorless
the only valid document. The photograph of the infilling or healing of surface-reaching fis- Indications of heating with significant or colored substances (e.g. oil, resin, wax).
gemstone(s) shown in this Report serves only as sures or the filling of cavities at the surface. amount of residues in cavities (C3) The degree of enhancement is given in this
a representation of the tested gemstone(s) and The presence of solid substances, repre- Report following the LMHC nomenclature
may differ in appearance and size to the original senting by-products of the heating process Sophisticated/modern heating processes as details provided below.
gemstone(s). is addressed separately for fissures (inside involve the diffusion of foreign elements
the stone) and cavities (on the surface of (e.g. titanium or beryllium) from an exter- No indications of clarity enhancement
Determination of authenticity and country the stone). Also indicated is the relative nal source into the gemstone(s). The pene- Indications of insignificant clarity en-
of origin. quantity of these so-called residues. tration depth of the diffused elements may hancement
be very shallow. In this case, the induced Indications of minor clarity enhancement
Opinions regarding the authenticity and Enhancements (treatments). color is confined to a narrow layer and may (F1)
the probable country of origin of the gem- be removed upon cutting or polishing. In Indications of moderate clarity enhance-
stone(s) are based on the full testing of Different processes have been used tradi- many cases, however, the diffusion process ment (F2)
their mineralogical-gemological proper- tionally and to a wide extent to improve results in the complete penetration of the Indications of significant clarity enhance-
ties/characteristics. These properties/char- the visual/esthetic appearance of many coloring element. The presence of a diffu- ment (F3)
acteristics are compared with the data natural gemstones (e.g. beryl, corundum, sion-related coloring is addressed as fol-
recorded for a vast amount of reference tourmaline, zoisite, topaz, spodumene, lowing in the Report. Minor amount of resin/wax in cavities (C1)
stones from known sources compiled in etc.). In addition to cutting and polishing, Moderate amount of resin/wax in cavities
the ICA | GemLab Database and with data enhancement consists of any process that If any gemstone(s) shows indications of (C2)
published in literature. improves the appearance (i.e. color and/or having undergone clarity enhancement Significant amount of resin/wax in cavities
transparency) and the durability of a gem- through the filling of fissures with lead (C3)
Disclosure of enhancements. stone. The most common enhancement glass, the following statement in accor-
processes applied in the trade today are: dance with LMHC is given in the Report. Quality and Rarity
The wording used in this Report follows heating (thermal enhancement), diffusion Any opinion on the quality and rarity of the
basically the nomenclature standards de- of chromophores, irradiation, chemical Indications of minor clarity enhancement gemstone(s) is issue only once the gem-
fined by the Laboratory Manual Harmoni- treatments, surface coating, fracture filling with lead glass (F1) stone(s) meet(s) the internal conditions
sation Committee (LMHC). (clarity enhancement), and impregnation. Indications of moderate clarity enhance- and requirements of ICA | GemLab. ICA |
Note, that curtain enhancements cannot The detection of such enhancement pro- ment with lead glass (F2) GemLab solely reserves its right to refuse
be detected or can only be detected un- cesses is specified in the front page of this Indications of significant clarity enhance- issuing a report for any gemstone(s) at any
der special circumstances. Any comments Report. ment with lead glass (F3) time.
made regarding the presence or absence
of enhancements will therefore only reflect 61
the Laboratory’s finding. Thus, the fact that
no enhancement is disclosed or that cer-

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64

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