BACK COVE LAND AND WATER ECOSYSTEMS • Photo by Corey Templeton
planning, comprehensive planning, technical manuals, green comprehensive plan to prioritize and earmark resources as
infrastructure guidelines, and upgrades to culverts and road part of a long-term and ongoing strategy for invasives removal
design (see Actions CR 1.3, 4.2, and 4.4). and management. Both Portland and South Portland will
work with land trusts and community organizations focused
• Monitor and manage pests and invasives. In 2018, the on the stewardship of open spaces to develop a coordinated
South Portland Parks, Recreation, and Waterfront Department system for monitoring ecosystem vulnerability and adaptive
completed an Invasive Plant Assessment and Management Plan, management across green space in the cities. This may include
documenting the prevalence of invasives throughout the city. assessing public open spaces for ecosystem health, removing
The plan recommended management techniques, as well as invasive plant species, and monitoring for pest outbreaks.
first steps the City has taken to remove invasive species from
trails and parks—a process supported by the help of South • Mitigate coastal acidification through reducing
Portland Land Trust, community volunteers, and by using goats stormwater pollution. The carbon dioxide released into
as a biological control. Drawing on successful approaches from the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels is increasing ocean
this first phase, South Portland will outline concerted efforts to acidity, and compromising the health of marine species.
address invasives throughout the city’s forests and areas that Freshwater runoff further exacerbates acidification along the
risk losing much of their native vegetation, such as Hinkley Park. coast as stormwater and streams bring excess nutrients—such
The Portland Parks, Recreation, and Facilities Department is at as nitrogen from fertilizer, pet waste, and wastewater—into the
the beginning stages of mapping out a comprehensive strategy ocean, contributing to large algal blooms that further increase
for invasives management, while testing approaches in targeted acidic conditions. Portland and South Portland will continue
key problem areas. Portland will work towards developing a to work with local partners, including Friends of Casco Bay, to
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 251
reduce excess nutrients and pollution carried by stormwater Portland and Portland will begin by using the Living Shorelines
into Casco Bay. In particular, building on the recently adopted Decision Support Tool for Casco Bay, developed by the Maine
pesticide ordinances (see action CR 5.2), South Portland Geological Survey, to evaluate the potential suitability of
and Portland will continue processes that are underway to locations in both cities for natural approaches to shoreline
research, develop, and adopt fertilizer ordinances aimed at stabilization.
reducing fertilizer application to further protect the health of
the bay. See action CR 4.1 and CR 4.2 for how the Cities will Our next steps
also reduce pollutant loads through continuing to improve • Finalize and adopt the drafted fertilizer ordinance (South
stormwater management and green infrastructure.
Portland); Continue the work of the Portland Pesticide
• Curtail coastal erosion with living shorelines. Living and Fertilizer Task Force to draft and adopt a fertilizer
shorelines are a green infrastructure technique that use ordinance, drawing on South Portland’s model (Portland).
plants and other natural materials to protect and stabilize the
shoreline. This approach provides an alternative to traditional • Continue to implement the invasive species management
“hard” shoreline stabilization techniques that protect property
but overtime can result in a loss of protected natural resources. plan (South Portland), and develop a comprehensive plan
Several communities in Maine are turning to living shorelines for long-term management (Portland), in coordination
to curtail erosion while maintaining species habitat, and may with land trusts and community environmental groups.
be applicable to coastal wetland habitats in both cities. South
• Begin a study of coastal land uses to understand the
feasibility of preserving or acquiring and transitioning
parcels for marsh migration.
CR 5.1 Summary - Ecosystem Adaptive Management
How this strategy advances a future that is...
PRIMARY COMPONENTS Equitable Regenerative Resilient
• Monitor and manage pests and abcd abcd abcd
invasives.
• Mitigate coastal acidification by KEY MILESTONES (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability
reducing stormwater pollution. • Fertilizer ordinance adopted (b) Restores ecosystems (b) Strengthens communities
• Develop biodiversity and by 2022 (c) Adapts processes
connectivity goals and guidelines • No net coastal wetland loss CITY STEWARD (d) Builds partnerships
(in alignment with CR 1.3). by 2035 P: Parks Division; Sustainability
• Facilitate tidal wetland • Establish biodiversity and Office; Planning Department; FINANCING MECHANISMS
migration. connectivity targets by 2028 Water Resources Impact fees (Portland), Land Bank
• Curtail coastal erosion with SP: Sustainability Office; Water Fund (South Portland), federal/
living shorelines. Resources Protection; Parks, state grants (e.g., Maine Natural
Recreation, & Waterfront; Resource Conservation Program
Planning Department funds, Maine Stream Crossing
Upgrade Grant Program, Coastal
Community Grants, 319 Grants)
CLIMATE RESILIENCE
252 SECTION 5 - ECOSYSTEMS
CR 5
CR 5.2 Soil Health
ACTION: Build back the health of our soils for ecological
vitality, water infiltration, and carbon sequestration.
Where we are today the health of the cities’ soils based on microbial content, soil
organic matter, soil structure, nutrient levels, and the presence
Soils in the cities are critical for supporting ecosystems and of heavy metals and organic pollutants; set goals for improving
for helping to buffer and purify pollutants. Healthy soils also the health of soils; and adopt landscape management practices
have enormous potential to help cities address climate change to improve soil health on both public and private land. The
by infiltrating stormwater, sequestering and storing carbon, Cities will initially pilot new land management practices on
and supporting plant growth. Portland and South Portland a number of public sites. After documenting a methodology
are already making efforts to increase soil health in the cities, with the best results, the Cities will expand these practices to
including recently adopting pesticide ordinances to restrict open spaces throughout the cities, work with large institutional
the use of synthetic pesticides (which have been shown to landowners to adopt new land management practices for
kill beneficial soil microbes) for all lawns, gardens, and other improved soil health, and launch a campaign to encourage
outdoor landscapes. Nevertheless, centuries of industrial residents to improve the soil health of their gardens and
activity, infill, development, and other human activities that lawns. The Cities will also move towards adopting post-
degrade soil cover have led to long-term loss of soil structure, construction soil standards to ensure future development and
contamination from the accumulation of heavy metals and redevelopment continues to support our healthy soil goals.
organic pollutants (such as petroleum or pesticides), loss of
soil depth, as well as the loss of soil enzymes and microbial Soil amendments, especially organic amendments including
activity needed to sustain ecological functions. Degraded the application of compost, are a primary way to increase soil
soil stunts plant growth, weakens root structures, and has a microbial content and soil organic matter—which are key to
lower capacity to infiltrate and store rainwater, creating more creating living, fertile ecosystems, improving soil structure,
runoff and carrying higher pollutant loads into nearby water increasing the capacity of the soil to hold water, and for
bodies. For all these reasons, improving the health of our soils, increasing soil carbon content. The Cities will work with
including increasing soil organic matter and microbial health, researchers to develop high quality amendments focusing on
has the potential to increase the resilience of our cities and compost. Key research targets will be compost composition
our ecosystems in ways that also increase quality of life for all targets for microbial content, nutrient balance, and other
residents. quality parameters to maximize the effectiveness of compost
application on city-owned properties. Using these targets,
The action we will take Portland and South Portland will develop sources for compost,
either by working with existing facilities to augment production
Portland and South Portland will work with public and private
partners in the cities to regularly and systematically measure
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 253
POPE PRESERVE • Photo by Maggie Burns
processes as needed, or through working with companies Cities are looking to expand programs for organics recycling
in the food service industry to provide fodder (such as (see action WR 1.3). This could be an additional source of feed
spent grains from breweries) and producing the Cities’ own stock for microbial-rich compost to support healthy soils.
compost that meets the given targets. These compost-based
amendments would initially be used on the pilot sites with the The Cities will build on the pilot projects by expanding the
potential to expand as applications expand. healthy soils land management practices to public open spaces
across the cities, and by working with landowners to adopt new
There are a number of ways in which this One Climate Future practices on private land. The Cities will also consider adopting
action dovetails with other actions. Systematically measuring post-construction soil standards to ensure that soil health
and tracking improvements in carbon sequestration and is increased as properties are developed or re-developed.
stormwater infiltration potential on public land are two Specifics of these methods may include:
components of how the Cities will integrate resilience goals
into our open space planning and prioritization (see action CR • Sharing the results of the pilot projects. The Cities
1.3). Improving water infiltration through improved soil health will include educational signs at the pilot sites to share the
will also advance the Cities’ goal of capturing and infiltrating process and the progress of the soil’s health over time. The
the first inch of stormwater in any storm (see action CR 4.1). As sites can also become hands-on learning spaces for schools,
part of the One Climate Future Waste Reduction actions, the neighborhood associations, and other community groups.
CLIMATE RESILIENCE
254 SECTION 5 - ECOSYSTEMS
• Launching “100 Resilient Lawns.” After building out a (SOM) content to be between 5% and 10%, depending on
source for compost that meets the Cities’ targets, Portland expected cover. Other jurisdictions have seen success through
and South Portland would launch an initiative to transform 100 this approach, including King County, Washington and Vermont.
lawns within the cities to sites with healthy soil. This would be The King County Post-Construction Soil Standard requires all
done through workshops, community demonstration projects, areas that have been cleared or graded to have a soil moisture
and creative ways for residents to share that they are part of holding capacity restored to that of the original undisturbed
Portland’s and South Portland’s “100 resilient lawns” to create native soil, and that any areas that have been compromised
interest and momentum around soil health. must be amended with compost, imported topsoil, or other
techniques.138
• Including initiatives for improving soil health in the
Sustainable Neighborhoods Program (Portland). The Our next steps
Sustainable Neighborhoods Program encourages residents • Work with local soil experts and environmental
within a neighborhood to work together to implement
initiatives and achieve Sustainable Neighborhood certification organizations to develop a protocol for measuring and
(see action CR 2.5). Residents will be able to receive points for tracking soil health at pilot sites.
improving soil health in yards and gardens throughout their
neighborhood using a set of recommended techniques. • Gather baseline data on the soil health of the pilot sites.
• Develop partnerships for sourcing or producing compost
• Adopting post-construction soil health standards
through a new City ordinance or zoning amendments. that meets specific quality standards.
Soil requirements may include provisions for required soil
depth as well as specific requirements for soil organic matter • Drawing from successful models in other jurisdictions,
draft post-construction soil standards for inclusion in City
ordinance or zoning amendment.
CR 5.2 Summary - Soil Health
How this strategy advances a future that is...
Equitable Regenerative Resilient
PRIMARY COMPONENTS abcd abcd abcd
• Adopt post-construction soil KEY MILESTONES (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability
health standards. • Post-construction soil (b) Restores ecosystems (b) Strengthens communities
• Pilot and monitor healthy soil health standards adopted for (c) Supports a circular economy (c) Adapts processes
land management practices. new construction or major (d) Builds partnerships
• Share results and launch renovations by 2025
campaign to improve soil on • “100 Resilient Lawns” achieved CITY STEWARD FINANCING MECHANISMS
private lawns. in each city by 2028 P: Sustainability Office;
Parks Division Impact fees (Portland), Land
SP: Sustainability Office; Bank Fund (South Portland),
Water Resources Protection; private grants
Parks, Recreation, &
Waterfront
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 255
Implementation
The implementation matrix on pages 262 - 285 summarizes the One
Climate Future strategies, including the timeline for implementation,
targeted milestones to track progress, financing mechanisms, and city
stewards for coordinating implementation. The matrix also reports the
greenhouse gas emissions savings attributed to each strategy, where
applicable, as well as metrics that evaluate each strategy’s ability to
support equitable, regenerative, and resilient cities.
All of these features contribute to the ongoing prioritization and
successful implementation of the One Climate Future strategies.
Key to reading the matrix
Timeline Milestones
READY TO GO - The action is ready to be The milestones designate targets to hit by a specific date.
implemented in the designated timeframe. When applicable to greenhouse gas emissions reductions,
these milestones align with the energy and emissions
READY TO GO, ONGOING IMPLEMENTATION - modeling. It will be important to hit our milestones to meet
Entails ongoing action to ensure the strategy is fully our greenhouse gas reduction goals.
implemented in the designated timeframe.
Greenhouse Gas Reductions
REQUIRES STATE ACTION - Changes at the state
level enable this action to proceed or move forward Greenhouse gas emissions reductions are reported
most effectively in the designated timeframe (e.g., cumulatively (total emissions saved over the course of 2020
policy must be passed at the state level). - 2050), and specifically for the year 2050 for comparison
with the baseline year (2017). Reductions are reported for
REQUIRES STATE ACTION, ONGOING actions that could be directly quantified; in some cases, the
IMPLEMENTATION - Following enabling changes matrix reports the combined effect of several actions.
at the state level, the strategy entails ongoing action
to ensure strategy is fully implemented over the NIQ = Not independently quantified
designated timeframe. NA = Not assessed
256
How the strategy advances a future that... Financing
This section evaluates the strategies based on their The ability to finance the implementation of the actions will
potential to advance a future that is equitable, regenerative, be critical to the success of One Climate Future. Funding the
or resilient. Each quality is measured based on four metrics. transition to more resilient and low-carbon cities entirely by
See page 55 for a breakdown of the metrics. local property tax payers is not an option; such an approach
would be both unsustainable and inequitable. Implementing
City Steward the plan will require innovative financing mechanisms and
strategic investments by the public and private sectors. Many
The City Steward is the city department responsible for such approaches have already been piloted by the Cities for
the implementation of the action. In many cases, state, sustainability investments.
regional, or local partners will lead the work or serve as
crucial partners; the City Steward will coordinate from the The implementation matrix identifies potential financing
city-side. mechanisms for each of the actions. Each of the four focus
areas in One Climate Future present unique challenges and
Acronyms opportunities for funding, described in more detail below.
See page 288 for a list of acronyms. Buildings and Energy
Actions that improve energy efficiency and reduce
greenhouse gas emissions generally have a co-benefit of
reducing overall energy costs. This provides opportunities for
property owners to harness energy savings to finance building
envelope improvements, more efficient heating and cooling
systems, and renewable energy deployments. Efficiency
upgrades may also be eligible for rebates from Efficiency
Maine that receive funding from the Regional Greenhouse Gas
Initiative (RGGI) funds and benefit charges on utility bills. The
One Climate Future plan includes advocacy for legislation that
can open additional financial resources for municipalities,
businesses, and property owners. These include Commercial
Property Assessed Clean Energy (C-PACE) financing that
allows property owners to partner with local governments to
leverage municipal lien authority to secure private financing
for energy projects. It also includes a statewide green bank
that can support financing and revolving loan programs to
fund sustainability related projects. Finally, purchasers of
renewable energy may benefit from utility bill savings and
the potential to sell renewable energy credits (RECs) for
additional revenue that could support projects designed to
meet our climate goals. The City of Portland’s purchase of
net energy bill credits following the passage of LD 1711 in 2019
exemplifies this approach. Once the associated projects come
on line, the City will benefit from over $500,000 of annual
savings and the option to monetize RECs that could generate
another $500,000 of annual revenue.
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 257
Waste Reduction each City. Impact fees could also offset municipal costs to
improve the active transportation and transit systems. The
One Climate Future maps a path to a circular economy Cities could also create tax increment financing (TIF) districts
that will nearly eliminate waste in our cities by conserving to create a funding stream to support the development of
resources, and reusing and repurposing products and transit-oriented neighborhoods.
materials. Such practices generate economic activity as local
businesses take advantage of the opportunity to process, Climate Resilience
recycle, and add value to items that were formerly considered
waste. Examples of this include resale and repair shops or We know that Portland and South Portland will experience
businesses that recover building and construction materials higher seas and more frequent storms that will damage
to sell back to the market. One Climate Future further public infrastructure and private property. Investing now
imagines extending programs such as Portland’s purple bag in infrastructure upgrades and mitigation strategies makes
trash collection program that charges residents based on the good business sense. According to the National Institute of
amount of waste they produce, which covers the costs of Building Sciences, every dollar spent to mitigate the impact
waste collection. This incentivizes people to reduce, reuse, of future disasters saves six dollars in the future by averting
and recycle while discouraging waste production—also costly losses and rebuilding.139 While that’s a significant
saving the Cities money on tipping fees. Finally, the plan return, the problem of accessing the money needed to
encourages efficiency and innovation in collection programs fund the initial investment remains. Many climate resilience
to reduce costs. For example, seeking ways to co-collect strategies do not call for new capital projects, but instead will
recyclables, waste, and organics to reduce the number of take advantage of existing upcoming projects such as road
vehicles required to serve the public. This could ease the improvements and water system upgrades to integrate climate
financial burden of these programs and reduce emissions by risk considerations into the project design. The incremental
eliminating trucks from the collection routes. additional cost invested will extend the life of the project
while minimizing the risk of future damage. The State and
Transportation and Land Use Federal governments will need to be partners in building local
resilience through emergency preparedness grants and FEMA
Echoing Portland’s Plan 2030, One Climate Future calls for funding. Portland and South Portland will need to actively
the development of complete neighborhoods that contain seek grant opportunities and advocate strongly for funding.
opportunities for residents to live, work, and play close The Cities also have opportunities to leverage impact fees so
to home. Achieving this goal will require that we prioritize that developers can help bear the costs of improving public
funding for transportation projects that will make such places infrastructure. Finally, because private property owners stand
accessible on foot, by bicycle, or by transit. This will require to benefit from resilient infrastructure projects there are
collaboration with neighboring PACTS communities and opportunities for collaborations between local governments,
advocacy at the Federal, State, and regional level for increased private property owners, and outside funders to develop and
funding for transit service and for an emphasis on transit- implement mutually beneficial projects. The planned Portland
oriented development throughout the region. Fortunately, Harbor dredging project exemplifies this approach. It uses
the seeds for this growth have been planted through ongoing municipal contributions from Portland and South Portland
work with the Greater Portland Council of Governments as and investments by private pier owners to leverage significant
demonstrated by the Transit Tomorrow plan and the ongoing federal grant money to fund the project to ensure the viability
implementation of the Portland and South Portland “smart of piers.
corridor.” The Cities also have the opportunity to ask private
developers to assist in the creation of a cleaner, more active Descriptions of the financing mechanisms discussed above and
transportation system. Developers could be required to included in the matrix are summarized on the following page.
install bike storage, plant street trees, install EV charging
infrastructure, or participate in traffic demand management
programs in order to receive the necessary approvals from
258
Financing terms and definitions
Financing Terms Description
Auction Revenue Revenue from auctions of allowances on carbon markets like the Regional Greenhouse Gas
Initiative (RGGI).
Battery Leasing Battery leasing lowers the upfront costs of an electric transit bus by decoupling the cost of
the battery from the cost of the electric transit bus. Through battery leasing, municipalities
and transit agencies can purchase a battery-electric transit bus for roughly the same price as a
conventional diesel- or natural gas-powered bus. Bus operators can then use funds earmarked
for fuel costs to cover the battery lease.
Bonds Municipalities can issue bonds to investors to raise capital for projects with the promise to
repay with a level of certainty over a certain time period and with a certain return; bonds may
require voter approval. Bond types vary and include Lease Revenue Bonds, Social Impact Bonds,
and General Obligation Bonds.
Climate Mayors Electric The Climate Mayors is a peer-to-peer network of U.S. mayors working together to demonstrate
Vehicle Purchasing leadership on combating climate change. The Climate Mayors Electric Vehicle Purchasing
Collaborative Collaborative is a procurement platform for electric municipal fleet vehicles that pools the
purchasing power of cities to negotiate lower prices on EVs and charging infrastructure, and to
offer municipal leasing programs.
Cost Recovery (by Utility) Utilities can recover costs through rate increases with Public Utilities Commission approval.
Customer Benefit Charges / Customer benefit charges are additional surcharges added to utility bills, which go into a public
Public Benefit Funds benefit fund that can fund energy efficiency programs or other specialized programs.
Demand Aggregation Group purchasing allows individuals, businesses, and municipalities to greatly reduce the cost
of installing clean energy capacity through collective purchasing power.
Developer Impact Fees Developer impact fees are assessments to developers to offset the impacts of development
(e.g., externalities such as traffic congestion or lack of affordable housing). Establishing
impact fees requires a study; the developer can only be charged the amount related to the
proportional impact of the development.
Efficiency Maine Efficiency Maine Trust (Efficiency Maine, or EMT) is the primary administrator for statewide
programs to improve energy use efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in homes and
businesses throughout Maine.
Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency incentives refer to rebates and other incentives offered by a utility company
Incentives or a state-designated entity for energy efficiency measures that result in quantifiable savings. In
Maine these are provided through Efficiency Maine.
ESCO (Energy Service An energy service company (ESCO) is a commercial or non-profit business providing a broad
Company) range of energy solutions including design and implementation of energy savings projects,
retrofitting, energy conservation, energy supply, and risk management. The client (such as
the City) continues to pay the same amount of utility costs for a set period of time, but to the
ESCO instead, and the ESCO implements measures that save energy, pays the now lower utility
bills, and profits from the delta.
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 259
Fine Revenue Fine revenue is money generated from penalty fees (fines) issued by the City. Fines are often
for violation of local ordinances such as parking or building code violations.
Grants, Public (Federal and Federal or state grants are non-repayable funds allocated through programs to support specific
State) goals. Oftentimes federal funding is allocated through state agencies or a Municipal Planning
Organization (MPO). The Portland Area Comprehensive Transportation System (PACTS) is the
MPO for the Greater Portland region. Federal funding options are likely to change substantially
if a new administration is elected in 2020.
Grants, Private Private grants are non-repayable funds allocated by grant-making institutions such as
community or family foundations.
General Fund The general fund is a government's basic operating fund. Property taxes are a primary source of
revenue for the general fund.
Green Bank / Infrastructure Infrastructure banks and green banks are public (or quasi-public) financial institutions, often
Bank established at the state level, that use public funds to leverage private investment to finance
infrastructure projects (e.g., via direct loans at low-interest rates, bond issuances, and credit
and loan guarantees). Green banks, in particular, provide low-cost financing to advance the
widespread deployment and scaling up of clean energy technologies.
Municipal Lease Purchasing Through a municipal lease-purchase program, local governments can use general funds rather
than bonds to acquire vehicles through a lease-to-own program. Interest is tax-exempt, offering
municipalities significant savings over a traditional lease. Municipal lease purchasing is usually
facilitated through a municipal leasing company.
On-Bill Financing On-bill financing allows for property owners to pay for clean energy upgrades through their
utility. The utility incurs the cost of the clean energy upgrade, and the property owner repays
the utility over time through their utility bill, offering a streamlined and simple way to pay for
energy investments.
Power Purchase A power purchase agreement (PPA) is a contract between an energy developer or project
Agreement (PPA) owner and a buyer (such as the City) for the long-term purchase of electricity (typically 10-25
years). The project owner designs, permits, installs, owns, and maintains the project for the
duration of the contract, and sells the electricity to the buyer at a competitive fixed rate.
PACTS (Portland The Portland Area Comprehensive Transportation System (PACTS) is a federal metropolitan
Area Comprehensive planning organization (MPO) that coordinates transportation planning and investment
Transportation System) decisions for the Greater Portland area. PACTS works with the Maine Department of
Transportation (MaineDOT) to allocate Federal Transit Administration and Federal Highway
Administration funds in the PACTS Capital Management Area.
PACE (Property Assessed Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing programs allow property owners to finance
Clean Energy Financing) the upfront costs for sustainable energy investments and repay over time (usually 10-20 years)
through property assessments, paid through their property tax bill. This financing method
allows the clean energy loan to be attached to the property, and to transfer to the new owner
when a property is sold. Commercial PACE (C-PACE) programs apply to commercial, industrial,
and multi-family property owners; residential PACE (R-PACE) programs apply to all other
residential properties.
260
Performance-Based Performance-based procurement is a method for soliciting design and construction services
Procurement for new City buildings or substantial retrofits that establishes a maximum budget, minimum
performance targets, and ideal performance targets. This type of procurement process allows
Public-Private Partnership projects to achieve the highest feasible performance targets without increasing costs.
RGGI (Regional Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are agreements between the public and private sector for
Greenhouse Gas Initiative) the delivery of services to the public. PPPs bring together the needs of the City with private
market expertise and resources to achieve a common goal.
REC (Renewable Energy
Certificates) / The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is a cooperative effort between ten northeast
SREC (Solar Renewable states, including Maine, to cap and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector.
Energy Certificates) RGGI states set a regional "budget" (or cap) for greenhouse gas emissions, which gradually
declines over time, and states sell allowances to emit greenhouse gases up to that cap. The
Revolving Loan proceeds from the auctions are invested in energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other
consumer benefit programs.
Settlement Funds
Renewable energy certificates (RECs) are a financial instrument that captures the
Special Assessments environmental value of a MWh of renewable electricity. RECs are used for accounting, tracking,
Tax Credits and assigning ownership to the generation and use of renewable energy, and support the costs
of installing those renewables. Solar renewable energy certificates (SRECs) are RECs specific to
Tax Increment Financing the generation of solar power, and are distinct and higher-value in some markets.
(TIF)
A revolving loan fund is a self-replenishing pool of money, utilizing interest and principal
User Fees payments on old loans to issue new ones. It is a common gap financing measure used for
development and expansion of businesses or initiatives within a particular focus area.
Settlement funds are a source of money from a legal settlement. The Volkswagen (VW)
settlement, whereby VW agreed to pay $14.7 billion to settle allegations of cheating vehicle
emissions standards, are a major source of transportation funding allocated to states to
support emissions-reducing transportation investments.
Special assessments add ("assess") an additional tax on property owners or businesses
within a specific geographic area, or "Special Assessment District," in order to finance public
improvements within that district. Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) are a type of Special
Assessment District.
Tax credits are provided by federal, state, or local governments and allow residents or
businesses to subtract a certain portion of tax owed in order to incentivize investments (such
as the purchase of an electric vehicle).
Tax increment financing (TIF) is a public financing method used to support redevelopment or
public infrastructure investments, and often serves as a source of gap financing for projects. In
a TIF district, municipalities use (divert) the expected future gains in property taxes spurred by
a development or redevelopment project to finance the improvements that will create those
increases in property value. Transit-oriented development (TOD) TIF districts use the future
increases in value to fund transportation improvements and service in a specific area.
User fees are payments to a local government (or other entity) for a service, such as waste
collection.
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 261
One Climate Future
IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX
The matrix summarizes key details for implementing the One Climate
Future strategies, including timeline, funding mechanisms, and milestones
for hitting our climate targets. • See page 256 for a key for reading the
implementation matrix. See page 288 for a list of acronyms. •
BE
Buildings & Energy
Action Timeline
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply
a. Complete bulk solar power purchases w
currently underway.
BE 1.1 Renewable Municipal Electricity b. Engage in further contracts to meet • All municipal electricity
Pursue power purchase agreements (PPAs) to reach remaining municipal demand. use met by renewable
100% renewable energy for city facilities ahead of state energy by 2032
renewable portfolio standard (RPS) schedule.
• All newly constructed
BE 1.2 Net-Zero Energy New City Buildings a. Use performance-based procurement or gut-rehabbed city
Pursue net-zero energy (NZE) buildings for new city for next city building. buildings to be NZE or
government buildings through performance-based b. Adopt NZE-ready (and NZE where NZE-ready starting in
procurement. possible) for all new city buildings. 2026
• SEMPs commissioned
BE 1.3 Energy Efficiency Retrofits for City Buildings a. Benchmark and conduct annual quality by 2025
BE 1.4 Develop a strategic energy management plan (SEMP) for control review of use data for buildings. • Deep energy retrofits
all city facilities and lead by example by pursuing deep b. Commission SEMPs for all city underway by 2026
energy retrofits and electrification for large existing city buildings. • All retrofits to be NZE
buildings. c. Conduct deep energy retrofits for city by 2030
buildings. • Municipal shadow
Internal Carbon Pricing for Municipal a. Conduct carbon price feasibility carbon price or carbon
Construction and Operations assessment to set appropriate price. charge implemented by
Create either a shadow carbon price for evaluating all b. Implement shadow carbon price or 2026
city decisions, and/or an internal carbon charge paid to a internal carbon charge.
central climate emergency fund.
262
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions How this strategy advances a future that is... Implementation
Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction Equitable Regenerative Resilient Financing City Steward
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) Strategies
Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply
abcd abcd abcd Power purchase P: Sustainability;
agreements (PPA), Finance
110,421 1,930 (a) Draws down carbon (d) Builds partnerships existing electricity SP: Sustainability;
budget, REC/SREC Finance
value
abcd abcd abcd P: Sustainability;
Performance-based Facilities
20,7o7 2,143 (a) Draws down carbon SP: Sustainability;
(a) Reduces vulnerability procurement Facilities
204,169 1% 9,102
73,041 5,029 abcd abcd abcd ESCOs, bonds, P: Sustainability;
general fund, Facilities
(includes (includes (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Efficiency Maine SP: Sustainability;
TLU 3.5) TLU 3.5) incentives Facilities
NIQ NIQ abcd abcd abcd P: Sustainability;
(a) Reduces vulnerability N/A Finance
(a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon SP: Sustainability;
- if implement internal (c) Supports a circular (c) Adapts processes Finance
carbon charge economy
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 263
BE Timeline
Buildings & Energy
Buildings & Energy
Action
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BE 12 MNuewnicCiponalsBtruuicldtionngsEannedrgEynEefrfgicyieSnucpypalynd Decarbonization
aa.. CAodmopptlethteebeunlekrsgoylastrrpeotcwhecropduercwhhaesnes w • Energy stretch code
cfiunrarleiznetdly. underway. e•uanu•ndsepAAeeotoll-lrlpnmzgmnteyfeeeriudtnowbnabyieilmbcyin2zui0rpmeaielrta3denigl2oideyenniwlgasetstacaebttrlrolyteiicnbitgey
BBEE 21..11 RPAEuendrnvesoerugcweayatpSebotflwreoeerMtracpunhunaCridccovhidpaaenascel eEadlgerecenteermircgeiytnysttsr(ePtcPhAsc)otdoerweaitchhan bb.. ECnognadguecitncfituyrtchoedrecroenvtireawcttsotiodemneteifty in 2030
1o0p0ti%onraelnneewt-azbelreoeenneerrggyyfocor mciptyliafanccielitpieastha,haenadd aodfosptatttehe rceomnfaliicntinsgwmithunMicUipBaElCd/esmtraentdch. code. • EV-ready / solar-ready
rsetrneetwchabcloedpeoortnfcoeliofinsatalinzedda.rd (RPS) schedule. c. Advocate for/adopt future stretch code gts•rii•rmmoteeuAOaqqtppbrl-uunltllereeinii-enrrsmmNeheegitwZammeeeibEnnnleeysettonn2oeedcr0ttlddoassc2Nnrbbitt6tsZooyyytEr22bbb-u00eeruce23itla28deddinygosr
with a pathway to NZE buildings. b••u•2•roe0nyrSADAvd2Ec2lteil6eeo0Melrrwen2pewPa5stesseuartnonylcteofeoabirrntnmyggsetyym2thso0mrtiiesr2aboest6ferifddoopeNntfleoieZstrdsEbsoyn
by 2030
BBEE 21..22 Solar-Ready and EV-Ready Code Requirements afraoe.. rUqAundsieeorxepptmteCrEeifVtnoy-trrsbmeiuanaidnlldyacinenad-ngb.duassseeodlcaopr-drroeec.audryement • One or more platforms
NAdeot-pZteorroaEdnvoecrgatyeNfoerwsoCliatry-rBeaudilydainngdsEV-ready bpbre.o. qAAsusddiiobvroeplemct)aNeftoneZrtEfsoa-rilrnleEnaMdVewyU-rB(eCaaEnidtCdyy/sbNatunrZeidEltdcswinohhglacesro.r-dereea. dy •foMr uhnigichi-ppaelrsfhoarmdoawnce
Preuqrusuireemneetn-ztesrfoorenneerwgyco(NnsZtEru) cbtuioilnd,infogsllofowrendew city c. Advocate for on-site solar cbauribldoinngplreiacdeeorrshcaiprbaonnd
gboyvreernnemweanbtlebeunilderinggysgtehnreoruagthiopnebrufoilrdminagnccoed-beased requirements, or adopt via land use code. cehdaurcgaetiiomnpllaeumnechneteddbbyy
preroqcuuirreemmeenntts.. 22002264
BBEE 21..33 Energy Efficiency Retrofits for City Buildings acca.o.oBHnnetsirrnuoecltlh(aramnettvalietreoakwsrateonovfdineucewso)ensedtdnaaueftcrfagtpfyaoenmrrsnboouudnaiellodlqsriun. aglsit. y • 80%+ compliance
BBEE 21..44 aeDECinlnneolcescvdrrueieetgrlayoyeEspfercnaedoacftoidrislniorettvrcifecaieetostssmetmamagennpicndedlintealeetnnlaiecendercgrtbiorynyibfmaieuclxalsaantbtmiaucogoipnleddlemfieonbergeynsnlatpftrohpugrrrlecaosenueumixg(niShesgEtnidMnte.gPe)cpiftoyr bbbth.u. iCAirlddossi-mnpegmsassr.itssysuiciotoandbSeilEietMynfP/oismrcfoperlmeamellnectnitptyrogram. achieved within 2 years
buildings. of utility data access
ILnetaedrneraslhCiaprabnodn EPdriuccinatgiofonr Municipal c. Conduct deep energy retrofits for city challenges resolved (see
CPaorntsnterruwctitihonoragnadniOzaptieornastiionnthse building sector to buildings. BE 5.2), ideally by 2025
Cderevaetloepeiatnhderparosmhaodtoewplcaatrfobromnspfroicreefdourceavtaiolunaatinndg all aa/aps.. rsCWoeomsonsrodmktueewcntliettchatadoirnebsdreosutnhsaitppprr/ypeicrpdeoauprfcetraniataesitoirebnsipltpirotliyacdteef.ovremlosp.
cleitayddereschisipioinns,haignhd-/poerrafonrimntaenrcnealbcuairldbionngsc.harge paid to a bibrne..tcIEemosrgtnpanalbeiltmlciiosaehnrnbaftoonsnrdhccaalhdwimaoarwargdteec.Malerabayodonerr’pssrhOiicpCe.For • Performance standards
central climate emergency fund. identified within 2 years
of fully implemented
BE 3 Existing Buildings Energy Efficiency and Decarbonization benchmarking (BE 3.1)
with requirements
a. Implement current benchmarking law. adopted in following year
• By 2025, Efficiency
BE 3.1 Energy Benchmarking b. Work with PUC/CMP to overcome Maine spending is
Expand Portland and South Portland’s energy limitations in data access. equivalent to 5% of total
benchmarking programs, and couple with outreach c. Expand the program to citywide and/or electric sales and 2% of
programs to turn energy savings opportunities into to include smaller buildings. residential natural gas
action. d. Develop outreach and training sales
program to further encourage retrofits. • Electrification incentive
BE 3.2 Building Performance Standards a. Conduct analysis and stakeholder program launched by
Incorporate tune-up or performance standards into process to identify GHG standards. 2023
the Cities’ benchmarking programs for large buildings b. Implement performance requirements • Oil tanks to be
by 2025 to achieve carbon savings, and strengthen for large existing buildings. code compliant or
coordinated job-training programs to support building (+ actions to support job/skills training decommissioned by 2028
retrofits. captured by other strategies - see text)
a. Advocate for funding via Energy
BE 3.3 Energy Efficiency Spending Efficiency Resource Standard (etc.).
Expand statewide and local energy efficiency spending; b. Advocate for fuel-neutral metrics to
advocate for changes in Efficiency Maine spending that support beneficial electrification.
remove barriers for fuel switching. c. Advocate for the creation of a Maine
State Green Bank.
BE 3.4 Renewable Heating and Cooling a. Launch electrification incentive
Launch program to shift single family homes and larger program, following review and research.
multifamily and commercial buildings from fuel oil b. Adopt legislation to require code
directly to all-electric heating and cooling. compliant tanks (or decommissions).
264
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions How this strategy advances a future that is... Implementation
Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction Equitable Regenerative Resilient Financing City Steward
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) Strategies
Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
BE 12 MNuewnicCiponalsBtruuicldtionngsEannedrgEynEefrfgicyieSnucpypalynd Decarbonization
Codes are generally P: Sustainability;
aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd eaPeedgxofnefirwfsseeoitcgeeirntnrmcigveepeedmeun;lrteetscosenchettb(arPefcsiocPeocirAtdoy)ces,itty FPPEinl:nafSanounnrscicnteeagmi;nCeanobtdiliety;
FSSPiPlPna:an: nSnScuiunessgtt;aaCiinnoaadbbeiilliittyy;;
511708,,462712 31,89,31106 (((aad)))DDBruraailwwdsss dsdhooawwrnendccaawrrebbaoolntnh ((da)) RBeudilducsepsavrutnlneersrahbipilsity breusdoguertc, eRsEtCo/SsRupECport Enforcement
vsatrlueetch code adoption
See BE See BE abcd abcd abcd VW settlement funds/ SFPFPSPPaaPll:P:aaccS:Snn:iilluuSnnSiittssuiiuiinnteetssaaggssttiiaanniiaannbbaaiibblliiiittllyiyitt;;yy;;
203,7.6o7 23,1.463 abcd abcd abcd Efficiency Maine
(7in3Nc,l0IuQd4e1s (i5nN,c0lIu2Qd9es funding (EV-ready);
aa bb cc dd (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Psoelrafro-rrmeaadnyceca-bnabsed
TLU 3.5) TLU 3.5) (ad))DBruailwds dshoawrnedcawrebaolnth pimropcleumreemnetendt with no
(a) Addresses injustice added cost. Future:
250784,,616792 21.9%% 398,1,01126 - against substandard federal funding
housing Impact fees, special
gEEEfraueesfSfffnvsnCiieecdceOsniiireensasunmng,leccbf,(eyuyotunnhMnMttdrisdlaoai,,stiiufny,nigneeheor
aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd FPPIna::scSpPilueeitscritmetaisoiintntasinbgili&ty;
SFSEanPPcf::iolSCirtucioeesdstmeaiennatbility;
((aa)) DDrraawwss ddoowwnn ccaarrbboonn (((aca))) RRAeedddauupcctseesspvrvouucllnneeesrrsaaebbsiilliittyy
iuntcileitnyticvoest recovery
with EERS)
aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd Private grants, state/ PFPi::nSSaunuscstetaaiinnaabbiilliittyy;
Nfe/dAeral grants, public- SP: Sustainability;
NIQP NIQP (a) Addresses injustice ((((acca)))) DSDSeBeucucruraopaopilwwnpnpdoooosssmrmrdsdtthosoysyawwaarnenccdiiccrrcacawururebbllaaaoorlrntnh ((((accb))))RAAScedodtrdamaeuppnmcttgsseutspphnrvreiotouniccelsneesessrssaeebssility private partnerships Finance
- if implement internal (d) (d) Builds partnerships
carbon charge
BE 3 Existing Buildings Energy Efficiency and Decarbonization
abcd abcd a b c d Utility cost recovery
(a) Reduces vulnerability (investments in data
(a) Draws down carbon P: Sustainability
access); Efficiency SP: Sustainability
518,541 24,310 Maine funds and/or
public/private grants
(retrofit accelerator)
ESCOs, on-bill
a b c d financing, revolving
abcd abcd loan funds, Efficiency
(a) Reduces vulnerability Maine incentives, P: Sustainability
(b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon (c) Adapts processes Residential PACE SP: Sustainability
(d) Builds shared wealth
5,372,806 26.9% 1,225,917 360,866 76,026 Future: green bank,
C-PACE financing
abcd abcd abcd Existing utility P: Sustainability
revenue, utility cost SP: Sustainability
(b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability recovery (EERS);
(d) Builds shared wealth (b) Strengthens expanded customer
benefit charges
communities
abcd abcd State incentives,
a b c d Efficiency Maine
2,800,102 204,056 (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability funding, Residential P: Sustainability
(b) Restores ecosystems SP: Sustainability
PACE loans
Future: federal
funding
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 265
BE Timeline
Buildings & Energy
Buildings & Energy
Action
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply a. Launch bulk buy program.
Bulk Buy Programs a. Complete bulk solar power purchases w • Bulk buy program
BE 3.5 Launch bulk buy programs for solar power and heat currently underway. launched by 2023
• All municipal electricity
Rpuemnepws,apbaliereMduwnitihcieplaelcEtrlieccvterhicicitlyes as appropriate. use met by renewable
Pursue power purchase agreements (PPAs) to reach b. Engage in further contracts to meet energy by 2032
BE 1.1 100% renewable energy for city facilities ahead of state remaining municipal demand. • Solar proliferation
strategy launched by 2023
renewable portfolio standard (RPS) schedule. a. Reduce permit times and fees for solar • 50 MW of solar installed
t•g2binou4yAtt5b2l-hlerM0ene5NeWhc0wZaitbEoileyefosdcsrboocNynliatsZ2yrt0Eribn-u3ru0sceittlaadaedlndilnyedgodsr
Solar Proliferation Strategy installations. starting in 2026
• Determination of
BE 3.6 Continue to enhance the attractiveness of solar through ab.. ULaseunpcehrfsoorlmarapnrcoel-ibfearsaetdiopnrsotcruartegmye. nt whether to proceed
BE 1.2 NPaanuesdrots/-louaZrreespnrtoreroutEl-ciznfteeuerrrroaagtleiyoinnnNecresegtwnrytai(CtvNeeigtZsyy.E,B)abus uiwlidledilnilngagsssoffofrernienwg financial for next City building. •wSitEhMaPms icnoimmummisesinoenregdy
city b. Adopt NZE-ready (and NZE where beyffi2c0ie2n5cy rental standards
government buildings through performance-based possible) for all new City buildings. •prDoegerpamenbeyrg2y02re6trofits
underway by 2026
procurement. a. Require Maine Energy Disclosure • All retrofits to be NZE
by 2030
Energy Efficient Rental Housing Statement in rental registration. c2•cro•eah0pMAmra2tbur-u6oogotnoveuniemctipdimpparbratipciolycleevs2ihimons0airdeo2dunc8nosatwetrrbdiaoblny
Require minimum energy efficiency standards for
BE 3.7 DEarbinelnyelcscverrideieertglenayonsytpfeetaEiracatsfhilf.sliierttcerrieianmesttneaaaglclncipycdorReomlenepafeteodrrrrogtbtiyf,eyiatmsesntxadofanomrdaregepdCecluemirtcebyeeaynsBeetpnupueeilrlnrdasgenuiyrnig(ncgSygosEusdMtsesePe,p)pafiodr ab.. BAesnsecshsmcaorsktsa/nbdenceofnitdsuocftmaninniumaul mquality • Industrial efficiency and
BE 1.3 energy retrofits and electrification for large existing city ceonnetrrgoylerfefvicieiewncoyf ustsaendatradsfo. r buildings. decarbonization study
bc. CImopmlemmisesniotnmSinEiMmPusmfoernaelrlgcyiteyfficiency completed by 2025
breuniltdailnsgtsa.ndards program.
• Electricity to be 80%
BE 4 bInuidlduinsgtsr. ial Energy Efficiency and Decarbonizabc.utCiilodoinnndgusc. t deep energy retrofits for city renewable by 2030 and
100% renewable by 2050
BE 14..41 Internal Carbon Pricing for Municipal a. CAodnvodcuacttecfaorrboinncrperaicsedfeiansdiubsiltitry
CInodnussttrruicatliEonearngdy EOfpfiecriaetnicoynsSpending aesffsiecsiesmnceynstpteonsdeint ga.ppropriate price. • Access to whole building
CArdevaotceaeteithfoer eaxsphaanddoewd ceanrebrogny epfrfiicceiefnocryeivnacleunativnegsaflol r b. Implement shadow carbon price or and citywide data by 2024
claitrygedeincdisuiostnrsia, launsde/orsr.an internal carbon charge paid to a internal carbon charge. • Access to automated
central climate emergency fund. data connections by 2024
BE 4.2 Industrial Efficiency and Decarbonization Study a. Advocate for industrial efficiency
Advocate for a statewide study on energy efficiency and study, led by Efficiency Maine.
decarbonization opportunities in the industrial sector to b. Use study findings for targeted
better target industrial combined heat and power, heat promotion to industrial partners.
recovery, and renewable fuel oil or biogas. c. Ensure custom industrial programs are
working on heat recovery applications.
BE 5 Clean and Renewable Energy Infrastructure and Regulatory Transformation
BE 5.1 Renewable Portfolio Standard a. Advocate for full, timely, and cost-
and Community-Scale Purchasing effective implementation of the RPS.
Continue to advocate for full, timely, and cost-effective b. Advocate for creation of a Maine
implementation of Maine’s renewable portfolio standard; Energy Generation Authority.
in case it becomes necessary, advocate for municipal
authority to bulk procure renewable power.
Utility Data Access Reform a. Advocate for improved access to utility
Reform data access by pursuing legislation that would data.
require utilities to disclose data with building owners and
BE 5.2 municipalities.
Utility Regulatory Reform to Support Electrification a. Advocate for utility regulatory reforms
Advocate for regulatory reforms to support state-wide to support DER.
electrification and the integration of distributed energy
BE 5.3 resources (DER). • Continue to build on
2020 legislative initiatives
266
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions How this strategy advances a future that is... Implementation
Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction Equitable Regenerative Resilient Financing City Steward
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) Strategies
Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply a b c d abcd abcd
NIQ NIQ (b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon a bcd PDoewmearnpduargcghraesgeation P: Sustainability
110,421 1,930 agreements (PPA), PS:PS: uSsutsatianianbaibliitlyit;y
abcd abcd Finance
SP: Sustainability;
(a) Draws down carbon (d) Builds partnerships existing electricity Finance
budget, REC/SREC P: Sustainability;
abcd vSapleuceial assessments, Planning
828,246 56,474 a b c d utility-supported FPPSal:PacSn:ilunSitsiuintesagstianianbaibliitlyit;y;
abcd (a) Draws down carbon funding (for SP: Sustainability;
(see above (see above (counted (see above (counted (d) Builds shared wealth (a) Reduces vulnerability permitting changes); Facilities
value) value) within BE value) within BE (a) Addresses injustice (b) Strengthens PPAs, SREC revenue,
5 in wedge 5 in wedge (b) Expands access abcd Poerrgfroarnmtsan(cfoer-bsaoslaerd
a combmunitices d
2r0es,u7lots7) r2e,s1u4lt3s) (da) Buildbs comcmunitdy (a) Draws down carbon
(d) Builds partnerships
ownership (a) Reduces vulnerability procliuferreamtieonntstrategy)
204,169 1% 9,102 abcd abcd abcd General fund (for
NIQ NIQ (a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability study of minimum P: Housing
EeSffCicOiesn, cbyosntdasn,dards) PS:PS: uSsutsatianianbaibliitlyit;y
73,041 5,029 ((cba)) CErxepaabtnedssinaccclcuessivsed (da) Buildbs sharced wedalth (ba) Scotrmebnmguthneitnicess d general fund, Facilities
SP: Sustainability;
(includes (includes processes (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Efficiency Maine Facilities
TLU 3.5) TLU 3.5)
incentives
BE 4 Industrial Energy Efficiency and Decarbonization
75N3,I7P26 6N6,I1P44 abcd abcd abcd Customer benefit P: Sustainability;
66,144 Nch/Aarges assessed to FPi:nSanucsetainability
(a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability industrial users SP: Sustainability;
NA - if implement internal (c) Supports a circular (c) Adapts processes Finance
carbon charge economy
753,726 3.8%
abcd abcd a b c d Customer benefit
NA (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability charges assessed to P: Sustainability
(c) Supports a circular industrial users, utility SP: Sustainability
economy funds
BE 5 Clean and Renewable Energy Infrastructure and Regulatory Transformation
7,247,418 333,004 abcd abcd abcd N/A (existing state P: Sustainability
law) SP: Sustainability
(b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability
(d) Builds shared wealth (d) Builds partnerships
abcd abcd abcd
7,247,418 36.3% NIQ 333,004 NIQ (a) Draws down carbon (c) Adapts processes Utility cost recovery P: Sustainability
SP: Sustainability
See BE See BE abcd abcd abcd P: Sustainability
3.4 3.4 (a) Reduces vulnerability Utility cost recovery SP: Sustainability
(a) Draws down carbon
(c) Adapts processes
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 267
BE Timeline
Buildings & Energy
Buildings & Energy
Action
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BE 1 MReunnewicaibplaelDBisutriilcdtiEnngesrgaynSdysEtenmesrgy Supply a. Advocate for regulatory updates to • All new development
Identify opportunities and encourage the development enable use of microgrids. over 500,000 square
BE 5.4 of fully electric low temperature thermal district w feet to evaluate district
ba. CWoomrpklwetiethbeuxlkisstionlgarcpamowpeursepsutrochases energy/microgrids
eRneenregwy saybslteemMsufnoircinpeawl Ealnedcterxiicsittinyg developments and ecxuprlroernetlmy uicnrdoegrwidasy/.district energy. lso•ueetfnsgaAemeirlslrtmliigmacnyterguiotobnwgbnyiricy2tiidh0rpeiae3nnl2neoeawnlbeelacinbtyrgleeicairty
cPaumrspuuespeso.wer purchase agreements (PPAs) to reach cb.. AEdnjguasgtezoinnfinugrtthoeernccoonutracgtesmtoicmroegertids • Hosting capacity study
BE 1.1 100% renewable energy for city facilities ahead of state /rreemnaeiwnianbglemduisntircicptael ndermgay.nd. l•auAnllcnheewdlbyyco20ns2t5ructed or
a. Undertake hosting capacity study with gut-rehabed city buildings
renewable portfolio standard (RPS) schedule. regional partners. to be NZE or NZE-ready
•stAarjtuisntgpinlan20f2o6r clean
Electrical Transmission and Distribution ba. LUasnedpbearfnokrmanadnzcoen-beafsoerdepxrpoacnudreedment heating developed by
Improve the efficiency and capacity of transmission and efonrerngeyxtinCfritaystbruuicldtuinrge.. •2•0SS2tE5aMtePwsidcoemremstisrsiciotinoends
BE 5.5 PdPNoiuserrtttrs-liuaZbenuedtnrioeoatnnE-dznneeSerortowgueyotnhrNekPresogwtyrot(CliaNmintZdpyE.rB)obuveuilideldilenincggtsrsicfoitry supply to cb.. UApddoaptteNfuZlEl-erleeacdtryif(iacnadtioNnZsEtuwdhye,re obny 2n0ew25interstate and
BE 1.2 new city apcocsosuibnleti)nfgofroarllenffeicwieCnicty.buildings. i•ntDreaestpateenegragsypripeterloinfeitssin
government buildings through performance-based a. Advocate for / support a just plan for pulnadcerbwya2y0b3y02, 0al2o6ng with
procurement. transitioning to clean heating. d•eAfilnl reedtrtoimfitesfrtaombeesNfoZrE
pbhya2s0in3g0out natural gas
BE 5.6 Natural Gas Phase-Out ba.. BAednvcohcmataerkfoarnbdacnoonnduncetwaninntuearsl tqauteal/ity •• PMruicneicoipnaclasrhbaodnowas soon
BE 1.3 AgplDeaEimailndneplsevcveietorpeirltginciglnypoyaeyeepftwrsaelEei,acntfafairfesolnniiotstrcddrifeiaaiaeetasntssxneddatpagcvanaanioytcdnndecRdey-aleelneeteslaeedtetvdrarcefnogtotlbearyfrbyiitfstmaauieuscnlrxlapaoafaontpolwminagoorigapnrnnCestlgeemiffctwolobyooerrycinnBnlaiantpntulrerputgjiaeculrledastrsrtinsuiieoasntixnd(tangieStsisgsceE.tntidMngiaoegatPneus)cpsriafttolyor icnotnratsrotaltreevniaetwuroafl guasse pdiaptealifnoersb. uildings. acsarfbeaosnibplreicaet noartcioanrbaol,n
buildings. cb.. ACdovmomcaitsesifoonr SsEtaMtePssufpopr oarlltciinty rcehgairogneali,moprlestmateenwteiddeby
rbeupiludripnogss.ing fossil fuel infrastructure. s2c0a2le6
BBEE 51..47 Internal Carbon Pricing for Municipal dc.. ICnovnedstuigcattdeeleepgaelnaeurtghyorreittyro/ fbitasnfnoartcuirtyal
CCaornbsotrnuPcrtiicoinngand Operations gbausilhdoinogksu. ps in new construction.
CCorenatitneueeitthoeardavsohcaadteowfocracrabrobnonprpicreicifnogr aetvanlautaiotinnagl,all aa.. WCoonrdkuwcitthcasrtbaotenpparrictneefresatsoibailditvyance
rceitgyiodneacli,saionndss, taantdew/oirdaenscinatleersn. al carbon charge paid to a satsasteeswsmideenctatrobosentfaepep. ropriate price.
central climate emergency fund.
b. Implement shadow carbon price or
internal carbon charge.
268
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions How this strategy advances a future that is... Implementation
Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction Equitable Regenerative Resilient Financing City Steward
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) Strategies
P: Sustainability;
Section Section Action Section Action Planning
Total % Total Total Total FPPSil:PnaSan: unnSsciuntesagtianianbaibliitlyit;y;
SP: Sustainability;
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply a b c d For developers, costs Finance
a b c d built into the existing P: Sustainability;
abcd project funding; for Planning
NA NA (a) Reduces vulnerability ePabmipcngxaouaairmuydwsietntgfepeiiotenlrmuietrtgspn,yeteeRuahncslnEreeot,ccCscmssheytt/(aSsrsPsssieRtcaaPeelEivvvAtmiieCy)nns,sggss./ PPSl:PaSn: unSsiuntsagtianianbaibliitlyit;y;
110,421 1,930 abcd (a) Draws down carbon Facilities
(c) Supports a circular abcd SP: Sustainability;
Facilities
a econbomy c d (d) Builds partnerships P: Sustainability;
PC:orSpuostraitnioanbiClitoyu; nsel
(a) Draws down carbon FSaPc:ilSituiesstainability
SP: Sustainability;
value Facilities
abcd abcd abcd
abcd
NIQ NIQ (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Utility cost recovery
20,7o7 2,143 abcd
abcd Performance-based
See BE
733,0.441 (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability procurement
(see above (see above (includes (see above abcd abcd abcd
value) value) TLU 3.5) value)
(a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon
204,169 1% 9,102
(ba) Ejuxsptapbnladns faoccrcetrsasn-sdvitiiaon a b c d
See BE abcd EPCSuoCbmOlimcs,iUsbstoiilointnide/ss,state
5,30.249 (a) Draws down carbon gfuenndesra(lffournsdt,udy)
(a) Reduces vulnerability Efficiency Maine
(includes incentives
TLU 3.5)
NIQP NIQP aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd P: Sustainability;
((ac)) RAeddaupctsespvrouclneesrsaebsility N/A FPi:nSanucsteainability
-(-(aaiiff))ifAmAcrueaddnpdrdddblierrssoemetanrssiressbceneeuhstpstaeiriirnnnodgtjjgeueurrssenttsiiacsclieevely ((((acca)))) DSDSeeucucrraopaopwwnpnpoooossmrmrddttosoysywwaanncciiccrrcacaururbbllaaoorrnn SP: Sustainability;
(c) Adapts processes Finance
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 269
BWE RBuWildaisntgesR&edEuncetrigoyn
Action Timeline
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BWER11MRuensicdiepnatliBaluailnddinCgosmanmdeErcniearlgWyaSsutpeply
a. Comndpulectecobumlkmsuonlaitrypeodwuecartpiounrcahl ases w
cuamrrepnaitglynuonndSeArwYTay(.South Portland).
WBER11..11 Renewable Municipal Electricity b. EImngpalegme einntfuSrAthYeTrmcondterlaicntsSotoutmheet • AImllpmleumniecniptaSlAeYleTctricity
PSuarvseu-eApso-Ywoeur-pTuhrrcohwase agreements (PPAs) to reach rPeomrtalainnidng(SmounthicPipoarltdlaenmda).nd. upsreogmraemt biyn rSeonuetwhable
1E0x0pa%ndreanesawvaeb-ales-eynoeur-gtyhrfowr csiytystfeamciltitoieSsoauhtehaPdoorftlsatnadte. ePnoertrlgaynbdyb2y0230226
renewable portfolio standard (RPS) schedule. • ARellqnueiwrelyreccoyncsltinrugcted or
ginutc-ormehmabeercdiaclitaynbduildings
WBER11..22 gNPpMbSoruuieanovritnlgcesd-duurlZienanere-tegmnreSmsoeet.rretneE-entcznatyebe.mcruroliiglnRdeygeinnNcfegoyresrgcwtyclhion(CrNmgoitZumyEgeBh)rbupcuiiealidrlldfiaoninnrgdgmssmafnoucrletni-fbeaawmsieclydity a. UInscerepaesreforremcyacnlicneg-boausterdeapcrho/ceudruecmateionnt tmoublteifNamZEilyoreNsiZdEe-nretiaadl y
finorconellaxtboCritaytibounilwditnhg.ecomaine. sbtuairldtiinnggsinb2y0220626
b. Adopt NorZdEin-raenacdeyr(eaqnudirNinZgEcwohmemreercial • SEMPs commissioned
panodssmibulelt)ifaomr aillyl nreecwycClintyg.buildings. •ub•2•tr0nyDARad42selele0h0derr2upesw5tcterareeonyfafeboimrtyogssdy2t7o0rw0e2ba%t6esrotbNefyiZitnsE
by 2030
WBER11..33 EFonoerdgWy EafsftieciReendcyucRteiotrnoafintds fOorrgCaintiycsBuRieldciyncglisng a. BAednvcohcmataerfkoarnsdtactoewndiduectmaannnduaatloqruyality •• MEluimniinciaptael ssihnagdleo-wuse
WBER11..44 DExepvaenlodpparostgrraatmegsictoednievregryt mfoaondagweamsteenatnpdlainc(rSeEaMseP) for coorgnatrnoiclsrerveiceywclionfgu. se data for buildings. cpalarsbtoicnspinrictheeocritciaersbtoonthe
WR 1.5 aolrlgcaitnyicfsacrielictyiecslinangdraleteasdtboyeenxsaumrepltehabtyepxucressusinfogoddeiesp b. CImopmlemmisesniotnmSaEnMdaPtsofroyrcaolml cmityercial/ cfuhlalersgteeimxtepnletmperanctetidcabbyle
ebneettregryurseetrdotfoitsnoanudrisehlepcetroipfilcea,taionnimfoalrs,lainrgdeusetxrisietsin, gancdity binusitlditiuntgios.nal organics recycling citywide. 2b0y226026
bsouilsd.ings. c. CMoonvdeutcotwdaeredpceunrebrsgidyerecotrlolefcittsiofnorocfity • Ongoing efforts to
Internal Carbon Pricing for Municipal breusilidienngtsia. l food waste. establish new spaces,
CCSBiaornenngasstlteeerl-eeuUcictsthteiseoiPrnnglaaalessnh-tudiacsdOseoppwelacrsaatritcbiosonannspdriicdeenfotirfyevpaalrutanteinrsghaiplls to a. CAodnvodcuacttecfaorrbsotnatperwiciedeferaessitbriilcittyions on programs, or initiatives
creitdyudceecpisliaosntisc, awnads/toer. an internal carbon charge paid to a asisnsgelses-museenpt ltaostsiects.appropriate price. in each city that support
central climate emergency fund. b. IAmdpvloecmateenftosrheaxdtoewndceadrbpornodpuricceeror resource sharing, re-use,
irnetsepronnasl icbailribtyobnilclhinartghee. state. or repair
Circular Sharing Economy c. Partner with retailers and food
Foster a circular sharing economy. establishments to reduce plastic use. • Adopt C&D waste
reduction targets and
a. Strengthen or expand community ordinance by 2035
spaces for resource sharing.
• Regional materials
b. Support re-use, rental, and repair marketplace launched
businesses, fairs, and workshops. by 2035
(+ numerous actions captured by
other strategies - see text)
WR 2 Construction, Industrial, and Municipal Waste
Construction and Demolition Waste a. Advocate for state policy and
WR 2.1 Reduce construction and demolition waste through expansion of reuse/recycling facilities.
b. Draft report assessing baseline waste
targeted re-use initiatives. reduction/reuse practices and goals.
c. Engage construction sector on
development of ordinance and training.
d. Adopt C&D waste ordinance.
a. Work with state partners to explore
online materials marketplace.
Industrial Waste
WR 2.2 Work with state and regional partners to encourage “by-
product synergy” with industrial waste streams.
270
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions How this strategy advances a future that is... Implementation
Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction Equitable Regenerative Resilient Financing City Steward
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) Strategies
Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
BWER1 1MRuensicdiepnatliBaluailnddinCgosmanmdeErcniearlgWy aSsutpeply
abcd abcd abcd Power purchase FFSPPSPiiP:unnP: Sb:aaN:unnlSSi/csccAuuteesWasttianaoiainrnbkaasiblbiitillyiitt;yy;;
abcd abcd abcd agreements (PPA),
eUxsisetrinfgeeeslectricity
110,421 1,930 (a) Draws down carbon (d) Builds partnerships budget, REC/SREC
((ac))DSruapwpsordtoswancciracrublaorn value
economy
abcd abcd a bcd User fees, savings P: Sustainability;
abcd abcd a bcd from reduced waste FPa:cSiluitsietasinability
Phearufloinrgm, arnevcen-buaesed SSPP:: SSuussttaaiinnaabbiilliittyy;
62806,7,0o475 422,1,42732 (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability pfromcusremllinegntrecycling Facilities
((ac))DSruapwpsordtoswancciracrublaorn
73,041 (contingent on
economy
(includes
TLU 3.5) market)
204,169 1% 9,102 5,029 abcd abcd abcd EUSsCeOr fse, ebso,nsdavs,ings PP:: SSuussttaaiinnaabbiilliittyy;;
686,045 3.4% 42,272 abcd abcd abcd gfreonmerarel fduuncde,d waste FPaucbilliitcieWs orks
(includes Ehfafiuclienng,cryeMveaninuee from SSPP:: SSuussttaaiinnaabbiilliittyy;;
TLU 3.5) (b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability ibnicoegnatsivseasle FPaucbilliitcieWs orks
- through excess food ((ab))DRreaswtosrdeoswecnocsayrsbteomn s ((ad))RBeudiuldcsepsavrutlnneerrsahbiiplisty
(c) Supports a circular
redistribution
economy
(d) Builds shared wealth
NNIAP NNIPA aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd Grants or public- P: Sustainability;
private partnerships FPin: aSnucsetainability
(a) Addresses injustice (((aab)))DDRreraaswwtossrdedosowwecnnoccsayarsrbbteoomnns ((ad))RBeudiuldcsepsavrutlnneerrsahbiiplisty N(f/oAr partnerships with SSPP:: SSuussttaaiinnaabbiilliittyy;
- if implement internal ((cc))SeSeucucopopnpnpoooomrmrttsysyaacciirrccuullaarr (c) Adapts processes retailers and food Finance
establishments)
carbon charge
abcd abcd abcd P: Sustainability;
Economic
Grants, partnerships Development
NA NA (b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon (b) Strengthens (see also CR 2.5) SP: Sustainability;
(d) Builds community (c) Supports a circular communities Economic
Development
ownership economy (d) Builds partnerships
(d) Builds shared wealth
WR 2 Construction, Industrial, and Municipal Waste
a b c d a b c d a b c d User fees, general
funds (for
NA NA (a) Draws down carbon enforcement and P: Sustainability;
(c) Supports a circular contractor training), Public Works
state funding (for SP: Sustainability;
economy statewide program Public Works
13,998 0.1% 1,024 investment, facilities)
abcd abcd abcd Grants, public- P: Sustainability;
private partnerships Economic
NA NA (a) Draws down carbon (d) Builds partnerships (for marketplace Development
(c) Supports a circular sponsorship/start-up SP: Sustainability;
costs), user fees Economic
economy Development
(d) Builds shared wealth
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 271
BE Timeline
Buildings & Energy
Waste Reduction
Action
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply a. Commission engineering feasibility
study for anaerobic digestion w/partners.
WR 2.3 Wastewater Emissions a. Complete bulk solar power purchases w • Engineering feasibility
BE 1.1 Investigate options for reducing emissions of wastewater currently underway. study commissioned by
RtreenatemweanbtlewiMthuannicaeiproalbEicledcigterisctiotyn. b. Engage in further contracts to meet •20A3ll2municipal electricity
Pursue power purchase agreements (PPAs) to reach remaining municipal demand. use met by renewable
100% renewable energy for city facilities ahead of state a. Adopt sustainable purchasing policy energy by 2032
renewable portfolio standard (RPS) schedule. and guide for city procurement. • Sustainable purchasing
a. Use performance-based procurement •poAllilcnyeawdloypctoendsbtryu2c0te2d4 or
WR 2.4 Sustainable Purchasing Policy for next City building. gut-rehabed city buildings
BE 1.2 Adopt a sustainable purchasing policy for municipal b. Adopt NZE-ready (and NZE where to be NZE or NZE-ready
Npreotc-uZreermoeEnnte. rgy New City Buildings possible) for all new City buildings. starting in 2026
Pursue net-zero energy (NZE) buildings for new city
government buildings through performance-based
procurement.
BE 1.3 Energy Efficiency Retrofits for City Buildings a. Benchmark and conduct annual quality • SEMPs commissioned
BE 1.4 Develop a strategic energy management plan (SEMP) for control review of use data for buildings. by 2025
all city facilities and lead by example by pursuing deep b. Commission SEMPs for all city • Deep energy retrofits
energy retrofits and electrification for large existing city buildings. underway by 2026
buildings. c. Conduct deep energy retrofits for city • All retrofits to be NZE
buildings. by 2030
Internal Carbon Pricing for Municipal a. Conduct carbon price feasibility • Municipal shadow
Construction and Operations assessment to set appropriate price. carbon price or carbon
Create either a shadow carbon price for evaluating all b. Implement shadow carbon price or charge implemented by
city decisions, and/or an internal carbon charge paid to a internal carbon charge. 2026
central climate emergency fund.
272
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions How this strategy advances a future that is... Implementation
Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction Equitable Regenerative Resilient Financing City Steward
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) Strategies
Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply a b c d abcd abcd ESCOs, Efficiency P: Sustainability;
Maine funding, Water Resources
13,998 1,024 (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability revolving loan funds SP: Sustainability;
1,930 (c) Supports a circular P(eo.wg.e, rCpleuarnchWaaseter PW:aStuesrtRaeinsaobuirlictey;s
(see above (see above 110,421 (see above abcd abcd aSgtaretemRevnotslv(inPgPA), FPirnoatneccetion
value) value) value) abcd aeconbomy c d eLxoiastnisn)g electricity SP: Sustainability;
(d) Builds partnerships budget, REC/SREC Finance
(a) Draws down carbon value P: Sustainability;
abcd Finance
abcd PFFSai:PncS:ailunSitscuiteesastianianbaibliitlyit;y;
SP: Sustainability;
NA NA (a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon abcd N/A Facilities
20,7o7 2,143 - with inclusion of social (b) Restores ecosystems Performance-based
(a) Reduces vulnerability procurement
asustabinabilicty d (ca) Seucopnpboomrtsy accirculdar
((ad)) DBurailwdss sdhoawrendcawrebaoltnh
204,169 1% 9,102
73,041 5,029 abcd abcd abcd ESCOs, bonds, P: Sustainability;
general fund, Facilities
(includes (includes (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Efficiency Maine SP: Sustainability;
TLU 3.5) TLU 3.5) incentives Facilities
abcd abcd abcd P: Sustainability;
NIP NIP (a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability N/A Finance
- if implement internal (c) Supports a circular (c) Adapts processes SP: Sustainability;
carbon charge economy Finance
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 273
BTELUBuTilrdainnsgpso&rtEantieorngy& Land Use
Action Timeline
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BTLEU1 1MMunoidceipSahl iBftuailnddinLgasnadndUsEenergy Supply
BE 1.1 Renewable Municipal Electricity a. CAodmvopclaetteefbourl/kimspoleamr peonwt ecor oprudricnhaatseeds w u•es••mcnsAAReheeollaelrlmslgdmslu-ypueoruetlbeuencbystsiicy,fo(2iiepe0rpfteoda3ccnrl2o.ut)eeoapwblrleg,ydacribat2nrdl0aeice2ties5tdyto
TLU 1.1 Pursue power purchase agreements (PPAs) to reach cmueraresunrtelysubnedtwereweanyt.ransit agencies. w transit stops implemented
BE 1.2 1P0u0b%licreTnreawnsaibtleNeentewrogyrkfsor city facilities ahead of state b. EAndgvaogceatien fourtihnecrecaosnetsrainctsstattoemfuenedting by 2028
TLU 1.2 rSeunpepwoarbt leeffpoorrttsfotolio“MstaaknedTarradn(sRitPESa)ssicehr,e”d“uElxep. and Local rfoemr maiunlitnigmmoduanlitcripanalspdoemrtatniod.n. • METRO and SPBS
BE 1.3 Connections,” and “Introduce Rapid Transit” in alignment c. Improve safety and accessibility of •gbaucyAht2l-ilr0enev4ehe0wacblayerdcboocnnitsyntrbeuuuctitlrdeadilnitgoysr
with the Transit Tomorrow vision for the PACTS region. transit stops. to be NZE or NZE-ready
BE 1.4 Net-Zero Energy New City Buildings ad.. UInsveepsteirnforromadawncaey-bdaesseigdnpardovcaunrteamgeesnt starting in 2026
TLU 1.3 Pursue net-zero energy (NZE) buildings for new city ffoorr nbeuxstesCiatlyonbguitldrainngs.it routes. • Policy pathways for
government buildings through performance-based b(.+AnduompterNoZuEs-raecatidoyn(sacnadptNuZrEedwbhyere strengthening TOD
TLU 1.4 procurement. poothsesirbsletr)aftoergiaellsn-esweeCtietyxtb)uildings. ••bb•ucn2•2do00nyyoiSDANsmd22dtE22leel4r6ee00Mpewirrsc32(perwP/tS05eoutssearohuponiycuetmdfeolntbiiarhntpmsytgseliePevym2tddeomo0riirTes2pnebtstO6llneariaotoDnnNenfdidbTeZt)ydsEIbFy
Inclusive Transit-Oriented Development a. Assess potential locations for TOD • MBiukenwicaipyanl eshtwadoorkw
TLU 1.5 EStnreernggythEefnfitchienccityieRse’ trraonfsitits-oforirenCtietyd Bdeuviledloinpgmsent development (South Portland). cpalarnbocnomprpicleeteodr caanrdbon
Dnoedvelsotpoasustprpaotergtitcraevneelrbgy wmaalnkaingge,mbeiknint gp,land(SpEuMblPic) for ab.. BCeonncdhumctaarkssaensdsmcoenndt uocftbaanrnriuearsl qaunadlity cimhaprlgeemiemnptaletimonenbteegdubny
TLU 1.6 atrllacnistpyofartcailtiitoiens. and lead by example by pursuing deep cmoencthroanl risemvisewtoopfruosmeodtaetadefosirrebduitlrdainngsist.. 2b0y226026
energy retrofits and electrification for large existing city bc.. UCopmdamteiscsoiomnpSrEeMhePnssfivoer,alallncdituyse, • 5% of all trips completed
buildings. bcaupilidtianlgims.provement plans w/ TOD policy. by bike by 2040
Internal Carbon Pricing for Municipal bcdu.us. CeEildoxpainonmdlgiucisncy.etcdchaeapenipgtaeelsninteovrgefysatcrmielitetranottefsitTasnOfdoDrl.acnitdy • Complete streets design
Construction and Operations aa.. CDoenvedluocpt acnadrbiomnpplermiceenfteapslaibnislitfyor manual produced by 2025
CBrikeeatAe cecitehsesribaislihtaydow carbon price for evaluating all acsosmespslmeteenbtiktoewseaty anpeptwrooprrkisa.te price.
cMitaykdeebciiksiinognse,aasniedr/othrraonuignhtearcnoaml cpalrebtoenncehtwarogrekpoafid to a bb.. ILmaupnlecmheinnittisahtiavdeofworcaadrbvoanncpinrgiceanor • Working Group for TMA
cbeiknetwraalycsliamnadtethermouegrghebnuciyldfiunngda.n inclusive biking culture. iinntcelurnsiavlecbairkbinogn ccuhlatrugree.. convened by 2024
c. Expand bike parking and storage • TDM plans updated/
Complete Streets facilities. adopted by 2026
Create safer and more accessible travel for people of d. Reevaluate potential for a bikeshare • Zoning ordinances
all ages and abilities by all modes of transportation program. revised with new parking
by adopting “Vision Zero” for the PACTS region and a. Draft “Vision Zero” policy statement requirements by 2028
continuing to expand complete streets. and set metrics for tracking progress.
b. Develop complete streets design
Employer Transit Partnerships manual; align city ordinances and plans.
Partner with PACTS, GO MAINE, and large public and c. Launch “adopt-a-sidewalk” program.
private employers in the cities to continue to promote
more efficient or zero-emissions commuting and to d. Complete the build-out of complete
establish a transportation management association streets along the Smart Corridor.
(TMA) for the Greater Portland region. a. Convene working group for
development of a Greater Portland TMA.
Parking b. Produce transportation demand
Shift existing incentives that continue to lead to more management (TDM) toolkit.
parking demand and supply to instead facilitate and c. Assess methods to reduce SOV trips
strengthen multimodal transportation options. made by municipal staff.
d. Update (Portland) or adopt (South
Portland) TDM plan ordinance.
a. Pilot adjustments to parking pricing
and demand-based pricing.
b. Revise zoning to provide flexibility for
parking minimums / explore maximums.
274
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions How this strategy advances a future that is... Implementation
Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction Equitable Regenerative Resilient Financing City Steward
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) Strategies
Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
BTLEU1 1MMunoidceipSahl iBftuailnddinLgasnadnUdsEenergy Supply
110,421 1,930 aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd Bi(ff(PaebvnuuPTagxouocnnoliIrdwnusFreddrtegde)eetsiim,ennslr.maf,tggFenpe,T,eudneRduiOntmlet)Ereut,cDrCfscpraighnet/(alteaSr/P:aacPnsiRncxPteAeEicAftrCCeiya)nTe,lgsS P: Sustainability;
Finance
(a) Addresses injustice (((aad))) DDBurraailwwdsss sddhooawwrenndccaawrrebbaooltnnh (((dab))) RBSeturdieludncsgeptshaveruntnlsneerrsahbipilsity PSP: P: lSaunsntianign;aPbuilbitlyic;
(b) Expands access communities WFinoarnksce
SP: Planning; Public
(d) Builds partnerships
infrastructure Works; South
bank, expanded Portland Bus Service
state funding
a b c d a b c d a b c d for Multimodal P: Sustainability;
TPrearnfosprmoratnactieo-nbaFsuendd Facilities
20,7o7 2,143 (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability procurement SP: Sustainability;
TOD tax-increment Facilities
204,169 1% 9,102 abcd abcd abcd financing (TIF); P: Planning; Public
structural incentives WSWSPFaPP:oocS::rrilukkPSitsssuliatesanstinaniiannbagib;liPitlyiut;by;lic
73,041 5,029 (b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon (b) Strengthens (e.g., density Facilities
bEoSnCuOsse,sb, opnrodasc, tive
(includes (includes (ca) Cprreoacbteessseinscclusived (da) Buildbs sharced wedalth (ca) Acodmapbmtsupnritoicceesssesd rgeedneevrealofpumnde,nt),
TLU 3.5) TLU 3.5) fEefdfiecrieanl/sctyaMteaginraents
(a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability (inec.ge.n, HtivUeDs SCRP
Grants)
TOD tax increment
financing (TIF),
NIP NIP abcd abcd abcd bonds, federal P: Sustainability;
N/A N/A fNu/nAding (e.g., PFi:nPalnacnening; Public
((ab)) AEdxpdarensdsseascicnejussstice ((aa)) DDrraawwss ddoowwnn ccaarrbboonn ((ab)) RSetrdeuncgetshveunlsnerability Recreational Trails WSPo:rkSsustainability;
-(cif) iCmrpelaetmesenintcinlutseirvneal ((dc)) SBuupilpdosrsthsaarecdircwuelaalrth (c) Acodmapmtsupnritoiceessses Program). Future: SFiPn:anPclaenning; Public
(d) Builds partnerships infrastructure Works; Sustainability
cparrobcoensscehsarge economy bank, Multimodal
1,151,719 5.8% 61,089
Transportation Fund
abcd abcd abcd TOD tax increment P: Planning; Public
financing (TIF), Works
(a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability bonds, federal/PACTS SP: Planning; Water
(b) Expands access (b) Restores ecosystems (b) Strengthens funding, impact fees. Resources Protection;
(d) Builds shared wealth Future: infrastructure Public Works
communities bank, Multimodal
(c) Adapts processes Transportation Fund
(d) Builds partnerships
abcd abcd abcd PACTS funding, P: Planning;
membership user Sustainability
(b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon (c) Adapts processes fees SP: Sustainability;
(d) Builds shared wealth (d) Builds partnerships Planning
abcd abcd abcd Federal/state grants P: Parking; Planning
(for demand-based SP: Planning
(b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability pricing start-up
- through supporting (b) Restores ecosystems - from flooding, heat costs); fine revenue
(ongoing operation
housing affordability, island, stormwater of demand-based
walkability, transit runoff pricing)
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 275
BE Timeline
Buildings & Energy
Transportation & Land Use
Action
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply a. Encourage infill through proactive
redevelopment.
Land Use for a Smaller Carbon Footprint w • Housing stock meets
toPur1RPh0esrlueaeden0rnniesC%pneuwfriaowterianinreeabpccnfsbelouie’epslwtcwe.lpueoeoarMsmrebrfptuplogefunrorreeroilacichnwohieseptamsnrhatsgsaaelyiinnvlElafeedloogreapurrrccelrdcataeinrcrtm(iibsyRct,oeiiPfeztnanSsoyct)nfsbiolsiiy(ntocPigchetP,poseAarmdanisnuhm)dtleet,isaot.cudtoirbndoedgaififcvitseoihtsdailotaiennnd ba. RCeovmispelelatnedbulskescooladreptow“eamr ppulirfcyhases w• oArllkmfourcneicdipeaml ealnedctwriicthitiyn
TBLEU 11..17 hcourmrens tnlyeaurnjdoebrsw.”ay. tuhsee cmiteietsbbyyre20ne35w:aAbnleyone
cb.. REenvgiasgeelaindfuurstehecrodcoenttora“ctoslltoocamteet wenoerrkginygbiyn2t0h3e2cities can
Net-Zero Energy New City Buildings trreamnsapinoinrtgatmiounnaicnipdadl ednesmitayn.”d. live within the cities by
d. Revise land use code to “create livable 2035
BET1L.2U 2PgouVvreesurhneimcneleetn-tzEeblrueoilcdetinnregirsfgitych(arNotZuioEgh)nbpueirldfoinrgmsafnocren-beawsecdity street networks.” • All newly constructed or
gut-rehabed city buildings
procurement. (a+. Uacsteiopnesrftoorpmraontecect-boapsend sppraocceurement to be NZE or NZE-ready
cfoapr tnuerxetdCbityyobtuhieldrisntgr.ategies - see text) starting in 2026
TLU 2.1 Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure • 20% of spaces in new
BE 1.3 EcpreEaDehlxunnelqpabecveurarleirigtingcglryeoydeyarpfmrsneaEe,acldeetfuinrfslcppiiottttcrdrsifrieiaiiaveticstnatsneetavagtcesenhniyhcdtpedoiRaeclseercnelteklaiaetetidrt(nryceoEgtgblryVfabyiitnf)tumhiesdcicrxlaaodhfauntouiamsniaorrgegggphnCecilcnemipfootogudbyderibeyennBlsla.tfip,ucrrpuaagiilnrlsnedastdvnuireenuEix(sngciVStsgstmE-turidMnreeeeganPedti)cpnsyiftioynr b. Adopt NZE-ready (and NZE where garages required to have
buildings. possible) for all new City buildings. E•citcb••bu•nhohVnyy5DASeaadd%E22clelrelcel00hMge)riolrte23aopewPbif0r5rettsyegsparssoneyacb2ahrfero0nybiaskrtmd2yv2gsi(n6e0ypm2gtgo0e3alreis0rres2bvpast6leeargiaolonecNn2fesdieZstEiudsnEVse
a. Integrate EV charger requirements in •• 3M0u%niocfipnaelwshlaigdhotwduty
TBLEU12.4.2 Internal Carbon Pricing for Municipal land use and building codes. vceahrbicolen sparliecseaorrecealerbcotrnic
ECloencstrtircuVcteihoinclaenIdncOepnetrivaetisons vcehhaircgleesimbypl2e0m3e0n; t6e0d%byby
OCrfefearteexecitisheertaaxsehxaedmopwticoanrsbofonrperleiccetrfiocrveevhaicluleastin(EgVasl)l , ba. WBeonrckhwmiathrkcaonmdmceorncdiaulcetnatnitnieusaltoquality 22004206; 100% by 2050
acnitdy addevcoiscioatnes,foanrda/dodritainoninatlesrtnaatel cEaVrbinocnecnhtiavregse. paid to a ecxopnatnrodl preuvbileicwcohfaurgserds.ata for buildings. • All new METRO and
central climate emergency fund. cb.. CCoolmlabmoisrasitoenoSnErMegPisonfoarl eafllfocirttys to build SPBS bus purchases are
obutildchinagrsg.ing networks. electric starting in 2025
dc. CWoonrdkuwctithdePeUpCentoerrgeyforremtroeflietcstfroicritcyity • All-electric METRO and
rbautieldsitnrgusc.tures (see TLU 3.3). SPBS fleets by 2040
a. WCoidnedluycptrcoamrbooten epxriscteinfgearseibailtiteys (e.g.,
tahsrsoeussgmh eEnfftictoiensectyaMpapirnoep)r. iate price.
b. CImopllalebmoreantteswhaitdhoEwfficcairebnocny pMraicineeoarnd
dinetaelrenrashl cipasrbtonprcohmarogtee. EV ownership.
TLU 2.3 Electric Public Transit Bus Fleets a. Pursue Low-No Grant funding for BEV
Work with Greater Portland METRO and the South in next bus purchase (SPBS).
Portland Bus Service to transition all bus fleets to b. Work with transit providers on capital
battery-electric vehicles (BEV) by 2040. transition program for bus fleets.
TLU Electric and Alternative-Fuel Municipal Fleets a. Create capital transition program for • All new school bus
Develop an electric and alternative-fuel vehicle capital light-duty vehicles and school buses. purchases are electric
2.4 transition program for municipal and school vehicles. b. Create parallel transition program for by 2025
small motor equipment. • All new light-duty
c. Pursue alternatives for medium/heavy- vehicle purchases are
duty vehicles when viable. electric by 2032
• Zero-carbon municipal
TLU 2.5 Electric Shared Vehicles and Vehicles for Hire a. Assess options for incentivizing EV use fleets by 2040
Expand the use of shared electric vehicles, promote among taxis and hired vehicles. • All TNC rideshare
electric vehicle use by taxis and other vehicle-for-hire b. Reassess national market for feasibility vehicles are electric
companies, and set a requirement that by 2030 all of electric car sharing fleets by 2026. vehicles by 2030
rideshare vehicles must be electric vehicles. c. Mandate that all TNC rideshare • State requirement that
vehicles must be EVs by 2030. all AVs be electric in place
Autonomous Vehicles a. Continue to adapt safe/efficient curb by 2030
Implement changes to curb and parking designs to and parking standards, considering AVs.
TLU incentivize shared autonomous vehicles, and advocate b. Advocate at the state level for AV
permits to be limited to electric AVs.
2.6 for state requirements that any autonomous vehicles c. Work with state to ensure protections
must be electric and shared. for pedestrian use of roadways.
276
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions How this strategy advances a future that is... Implementation
Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction Equitable Regenerative Resilient Financing City Steward
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) Strategies
Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply abcd abcd
abcd
(ba) Expabnds acccess d ((aba)) DReraswtbosredsoweccnocsyasrbtdeomns ((aba)) RSetrdeunbcgetshveunclsnerabdility Power purchase P: Sustainability;
aGgerneeermalefnutnsd(P(fPoAr), FPi:nPanlacnening
(see above (see above 11N0,/4A21 (see above 1N,9/3A0 (d) Builds shared wealth communities ecoximstminigsseiloencetrdicity SP: SPulasntnainagbility;
value) value) value) (a) Draws down carbon (d) Builds partnerships bstuuddgiest,)REC/SREC Finance
value
abcd abcd abcd P: Sustainability;
Performance-based Facilities
TLU 2 Vehicle Ele2c0t,r7iof7ication 2,143 (a) Draws down carbon SP: Sustainability;
(a) Reduces vulnerability procurement Facilities
157,40,12492 P: Sustainability;
204,169 1% 9,102 abcd abcd abcd Efficiency Maine PFSPSPallPP:aacS:nn:ilunnSSitsuiiuinntessaggsttiaaniiannbaaibbliiitllyiitt;yy;;
(includes incentives/VW Facilities
3,37030,0,8491 8 (cToLmUb3i.n5e)d (a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability settlement funds,
effects of - from localized road- - from localized roadway EvdiSeaCmCOalinsm,dbaatoegngdrse,gation FFSPPFSiiiPP::nnnSS:aa:aunnunSSsccscuutteeessaattiiaanniiaannbbaaiibblliiiittllyyiitt;;yy;
(includes EV adoption a way bair pollcution d abcd gMeanyeorrasl Efulencdt,ric
(cToLmUb3in.5e)d a air pbollutiocn d EVfefhicicielencPyuMrcahianseing
effects of and fuel (a) Draws down carbon iCnoclelanbtiovreastive, public-
EV adoption economy (d) Builds partnerships private partnerships
standards) (a) Reduces vulnerability
and fuel
economy NIP abcd abcd abcd NiEnf/cfAiecnietinvceys Maine
standards) (aa) Addrbesses cinjustidce (aa) Drawbs dowcn carbdon (aa) Redubces vuclnerabdility
NIP (-(abif))iAmcEw- adfxaprrpdyoblearmoaemninsrdelsoscpnechoastaaclililrnucnigztetjeeueisodrssnntriaoclead- (a) Draws down carbon ((-(acdf))r)oRABameidurdailploupdocctslsaelpulspiatzrvierooutdncnlnereoesrrsasaedhbswipilasityy
(c) Supports a circular
economy
604,305 48,866 abcd abcd abcd Federal funding/VW P: Sustainability;
settlement funds Planning
(assumes (assumes (a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability (e.g., Low or No SP: Sustainability;
fleet growth fleet growth - from localized road- - from localized roadway Emission Vehicle South Portland Bus
with mode with mode way air pollution Grant Program), Service
air pollution battery leasing P: Public Works;
shift) shift) (b) Expands access (d) Builds partnerships Sustainability
SP: Sustainability;
3,905,203 19.6% NIQ 223,008 Public Works
(light- NIQ abcd abcd abcd Efficiency Maine
duty fleet incentives/VW
captured in (light- (a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability settlement funds,
TLU 2.1-2.2) duty fleet - from localized road- - from localized roadway lease-purchasing,
captured in way air pollution demand aggregation
TLU 2.1-2.2) air pollution via Climate
Mayors Electric
Vehicle Purchasing
Collaborative, bonds
abcd abcd abcd
NIQ NIQ (a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability P: Sustainability
- from localized road- - from localized roadway SP: Sustainability
(included in (included in way air pollution air pollution N/A
TLU 2.1 - 2.2) TLU 2.1 - 2.2)
abcd abcd abcd
(a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability P: Sustainability
NA NA - from localized road- - from localized roadway N/A SP: Sustainability
way air pollution air pollution
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 277
BE Timeline
Buildings & Energy
Transportation & Land Use
Action
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BTELU1 3MTurnaincsippaolrBtautiilodninIgnsfraansdtrEunceturgrye Supply
aa.. CAodmopptleatnetib-iudllkinsgotlaerchpnoowleorgypuarncdhases w
cpuorlirceinestlyfournpduebrlwicavy.ehicles.
TBLEU13.1.1 Rr1PRIt0deeueencl0rdnihesn%ueunwgcweoraeRelabpovneblogeeedlwyhwepu,iecaoacMrlnbtreiptudloefiundoinmerillsciicnnophiegprasroatstgahevlynerEafoddlogeuarrircgnedcthteiretm(airyRcnseiPfettnaiScy-ct)tisidilosil(tcinPnihePgdseAepdassouh)iglleeitcnao.id.ersoe,afvcsehthaitcele bb.. EAndgoapgteainndfuerntfhoerrcecoannttri-aidctlisntgozmoneeest •• AAlnl tmi-iudnliincgippaloelilceicetsrticoitbye
raenmdapionliincgiems fuonricpipriavladteemveahnidcl.es. uuspedamteedt b(yP)reonreawdaobplteed
TLU PNPFuraeerrttsi-gnuZheeertnrwToertiEta-hznnelesrariortggePyenaNsertretagnwkyee(hrCNsoihtZldyiEpeB)rsbsuuiilnidldtihnineggsfsrefoigrhnteswecctiotyr to c. Consider anti-idling co-benefits in e(SnPe)rgaynbdye2n0fo3r2ced by 2025
BE3.12.2 geonvceorunrmageendt ebvueilldoipnmgsetnhtroofuaghSupsetrafionramblaenFcree-ibgahsteAdction intersection design. • Regional Sustainable
pPrlaonc.urement. •FrAelilgnhetwAlcytcioonnsAtgreuncdtead or
aa.. UWsoerpkewrfitohrmPAaCncTeS-btoasdeedvpelroopcuarement gdurat-frteehdabbyed20c3it2y buildings
fSoursntaeixntaCblietyFbrueiigldhitngA.ction Agenda. t•oSbtaetNewZEidoerSNusZtEa-irneaabdley
pbSb.o.uAAssstddaiobvinopleact)baNftleoeZrEFfoa-rrelrleidngahdeetvwyeA(lCaconitptidyomnbNeuPZnilEtladonwinf.hgaesM.reaine sFtraeritgihntgAinct2io0n26Plan
developed by 2035
TBLEU13.3.3 DEWFneeorverrerkyglowySpieEtarhfvfsCiticcraiaesetcneogciyBcaReyneLetirrnogeyfsitmtsoafntoraragnCesmiittyieonBntuiptislldafnilne(egStsEtMoP) for aa.. BSeunpcphomrtaCrkasacnodBcaoynLdiuncetsainnnual quality ub••b•2c•ofeu0nyynDSA6rrd3E22r0learl5ei00Mlee%erlr23npesweP05,ttolsearebffonylccafefeotsebierretmryitgsdcrymo2itepoo0frsiones2fbi(wst6vtteriheeohoNer)rnfeieZrbteudsEyn
ahlyl bcritidy-fealceiclittrieicsfaenrdrielesa, danbdy teoxacmonpsliedbery apuferrsruyinrgoudteeep ctroanntsriotilorneivniegwtooefluecsetrdicaftearfroiersb. uildings. • Shore power for full
ecnoenrngeycrtieotnrobfiettswaenednePleocrttrlaifnicdaatinodnSfoorutlahrPgeoretxlaisntdin.g city bb.. CAossmemssisfesiaosnibSilEitMy oPfs ffeorrrayllsecritvyice •feMrruynfilceieptailnsshtaadlloedwby
buildings. bbueitlwdienegns.Portland and South Portland. c2a0r4b0on price or carbon
c•hSahrogereimpopwleemrefnotrecdrubiyse
TLU ISnhtoerrenaPloCwaerbr on Pricing for Municipal c. Conduct deep energy retrofits for city 2s0hi2p6s installed by 2040
BE3.14.4 CCoonmsmtriusscitoinonanaenndgOinpeeerriantgiosntusdy for shore power buildings.
Choreoaktuepesitthoearllaowshaanddowevceanrtbuoanllyprriecqeufiorer edvoaclkueadtinshgipalsl to aaass.h. sCCoeorosenmsdmpmuoecwinstsetcirtoaornrebseqeonutngiaripneprmepicereeornipnftergsiaa(sstPtiebuoidprlityrtliyaconefd. ). • “Neutrality” achieved by
cciotynndeecctistioonesle, catnrdic/oarl saenrvinictee.rnal carbon charge paid to a bb.. IWmoprlekmweitnhtCshaascdoowBacyaLrbinoensptoricinesotarll 2030 under the Airport
central climate emergency fund. isnhtoerrenaplocwarebrofnorcfhearrrgiees. (Portland). Carbon Accreditation
c. Work with PUC, CMP, Port to install framework
TLU 3.5 Jetport shore power for cruise ships (Portland).
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the Portland
International Jetport through benchmarking and a. Decarbonize ground support vehicles
tracking, and through decarbonizing ground vehicles. (Jetport).
b. Consider employing Airport Carbon
Accreditation framework (Jetport).
c. Increase knowledge transfer with
municipal staff (Portland/Jetport).
d. Improve energy efficiency of older
portion of the terminal (Jetport).
278
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions How this strategy advances a future that is... Implementation
Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction Equitable Regenerative Resilient Financing City Steward
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) Strategies
Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
BTELU1 3MTurnaincsippaolrBtautiilodninIgnsfraansdtrEunceturgrye Supply
abcd abcd abcd PabeFt(efgxeouocirddwsrheetgeeniarenrmnoatgpltl,eoigeRu-ngirlErdetyacCslc)nihnt/(taSrPgssiRcPeEiAtCy), P: Sustainability;
FSFPPWSWPiillPP:nnaaooS:aann:rrunnnnSSkksccssuiiunnteessaggtti;;aanPPiiannuubaabbibbllliiiiitllccyiitt;yy;;
110N,A421 1,N93A0 (aa) Addrbesses cinjustidce (aa) Drawbs dowcn carbdon (aa) Redubces vuclnerabdility
- from localized road- (a) Draws down carbon (-dfr)oBamiurillpodocslalpuliatzireotdnnerorsahdiwpasy
way air pollution
value
abcd abcd a b c d Maine Department
20N,7Ao7 2N,14A3 (aa) Addrbesses cinjustidce (aa) Drawbs dowcn carbdon (aa) Redubces vuclnerabdility of Transportation FPSSPaPP::cSS::iluuSSitssuuittessaasttiiaanniiaannbbaaiibblliiiittllyyiitt;yy;
- from localized road- Pfuenrdfoinrmg, aPnAcCeT-bSased Facilities
73,041 way air pollution (a) Draws down carbon - from localized roadway pfurnodcuinrge,mpeunbtlic-
(a) Raeirdpuoclelustviounlnerability private partnerships
(includes (d) Builds partnerships
TLU 3.5)
204,169 1% 9,102 5,029 abcd abcd abcd Federal grants P: Sustainability;
64,965 0.3% 64,965 6,852 abcd (aa) Drawbs dowcn carbdon (aa) Redubces vuclnerabdility E(eS.Cg.O, FsT, bAognrdasn,ts), FPa:cPilliatinensing
NIP (includes gPeAnCeTrSalffuunnddin, g, SP: SPulasntnainagbility;
TLU 3.5) ((ab))DRreaswtosrdesowecnocsayrsbteomn s (-af)roRpmeodllluoucctieaolsinzveudlnaeirr/awbaitlietry EMfafiicnie nDceypMaratimneent Facilities
ionfcTernatnivsepsortation
6,852 funding
NIP abcd abcd abcd Utility cost recovery, P: Sustainability;
abcd (aa) Drawbs dowcn carbdon (aa) Redubces vuclnerabdility Npseo/tArttleumseernftefeusn,dVsW, FPilnaanncineg; Facilities
federal/state grants SP: Sustainability;
(a) Addresses injustice ((ab))DRreaswtosrdesowecnocsayrsbteomn s ((-caf))roRApmedodalllupouctctsieaolspinzrveoudclneaesirrs/awebsaitlietry FPilnaanncineg
- if implement internal (c) Supports a circular
carbon charge economy
abcd abcd abcd
(Efficiency (Efficiency (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Airport revenue, P: Jetport
upgrades upgrades - from localized air Efficiency Maine SP: N/A
included in included in incentives, utility cost
BE 1.3; other BE 1.3; other pollution savings
elements not elements not (d) Builds partnerships
quantified) quantified)
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 279
BCERBuCilldiminagtse&REesnieliregnyce
Action Timeline
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
CBRE 1 MReusniliiceinptalBBuuilidldininggssaannddNEenigehrgbyorShuopopdlys
Resilient New Development a. CWoomrkplwetitehbpualrktsnoelrasrtpoomwoerdeplucrocmhabsiensed w • No new incompatible,
RPr1Iracn0einiuesttn0dkyrnees%wgeaSuwrniwoedaradueteabpetn.pbloheerrlweweoPpesmooaMirlrbrioteptulltefnauneoncerilrciecdnoehi’espssasrtiatllsgaiaaelenynnnEdadfdtloageaurbrrrcdesudcteesiirltm(daicyRcnoieniPfddtnagSyectst)siatlasiro(tncgPihedmePsetAnisdnaesuihi)nimgleetthaoio.zbdeProoeofrlafrhoctsoolhtaodandtdes cstuorrmenstluyrugendaenrdwSaLyR. for overlays. •ue2huvun0ssiAgeele2nhlslr6meegmbrs(yeauwtutbbifnilblyttloiehcyi2,onia0rpodedaa3rnrrol2heieepsaawlktezsiaoabcobrtnyfdrleioocfuitsy
CBRE 11..11 b. ERnegviaegwe ainndfuurtphdeartecolanntdraucstse tcoodmeesetto resilience overlays)
remfleacint irnegsimlieunncieciopbaljedcetmiveans.d. •stgfp••aoutucrAAMatoctbrull-eplalterrsiniceeennsNierhtgefttwyZalyooirbEnlreyboeteaoo2yddsclr0oio2derc2lNn0isseis6tstZ2nktyat6oEtrttbs-ueoaruhcsefitlalsaodeevdodiesnydsgosr
c. Develop and use resilience zoning risk disclosure required
overlay to guide new construction. by 2026
• SEMPs commissioned
BE 1.2 Net-Zero Energy New City Buildings aa.. UPrseeppaerrefoforrmsaenccuer-ibnagsfeeddeprraolcfuurnedminegnt by 2025
CR 1.2 pPgBaRonruueodvrislcesdiauluridnkereaenmnnpmoteetweatnE-ltntxzeitoeibd.srnugtoeiiolnd,epgtintnoeiBgoorsunlgssity,lhdaf(ronNionrdZugbEgrsueh)islbpdoueiunirrlgdfcosienrsagmnosdanfnopccrrleionm-pbeaeawtrsetecydri.tisyks ffoorr nmeixtitgCatitioynbuanilddi/nogr.recovery. • Deep energy retrofits
bb.. APadrotpictipNaZtEe-irneaFdEyM(AanCdoNmZmEuwnhiteyrReating underway by 2026
pSoysstseibmle. ) for all new City buildings. • All retrofits to be NZE
c. Launch suite of tools for resilient b•yB2e0n3c0hmark ecosystem
building retrofits. and resilience metrics for
open spaces and establish
BE 1.3 Energy Efficiency Retrofits for City Buildings ad.. BAednvcohcmataertkhaantdthceonSdtautcetaadnonputafllqouoadlity •peMrfuonrimcipanalcsehgaodaolws by
Develop a strategic energy management plan (SEMP) for criosnktdroislcrloevsuierwe roefquusieredmateanftos.r buildings. c2a0r2b8on price or carbon
CR 1.3 all city facilities and lead by example by pursuing deep charge implemented by
BE 1.4 energy retrofits and electrification for large existing city ba.. ECxopmanmdisLsaionndSBEaMnkPs(Pf)or/ Oalpl ceintySpace 2026
buildings. b(SuPil)dipnrgios.rities to include resilience goals.
Resilient Open Space Planning • Portland to increase
Establish open space climate resilience goals and cbsbt.u.oCSilrdeomtinnwdggouasact. eltsrdaaenneddpmfeloneoeasrdguwyraertecethrraoinnffigitelstrffaootrriocnit.y housing units affordable
IpnrtoetroncaollsCfaorrbmononPitroicriinnggpfororgMreusns itcoiwpaalrds those goals in ac.. CSeotngdouacltscaanrdbomneparsiucreefcehaasinbgileitfyor to lower and middle
CPoorntslatnrudcatniodnSoanutdhOPporetrlaantido’ns sopen space planning. acsasrebsosnmseenqtuteostsreattiaopnparonpdrsiatoterapgreic. e. income households by
Create either a shadow carbon price for evaluating all bd.. ISmept lgeomaelsnatnsdhamdeoawsucraerbcohnanpgreicfeororheat 10% by 2025 (from 2019
city decisions, and/or an internal carbon charge paid to a imntiteirgnaatilocna.rbon charge. baseline)
central climate emergency fund. e. Set goals and measure change for • South Portland to
biodiversity and ecological connectivity. establish affordable
housing goal through
CR 2 Strong and Healthy Communities comprehensive plan or
standalone process
CR 2.1 Housing Affordability and Resilience a. Launch area-wide housing supply • All residents live within
Continue to expand access to resilient and energy studies in both cities. a half mile of a cooling
efficient affordable housing, contributing to diverse and b. Review zoning codes and re-assess center by 2035 ٠
inclusive communities. development fees to remove constraints. • All residents live within a
c. Enable options for renewable energy half mile of a park or open
CR 2.2 High Heat Mitigation financing for affordable housing. space by 2035
Expand the “cooling capacity” of Portland and South d. Advocate for changes to state
Portland. financing requirements.
e. Use repositioning to retrofit housing
for resilience and energy efficiency.
f. Assess displacement risk and anti-
displacement strategies.
g. Work with community partners to lead
“We are P/SP” storytelling initiative.
a. Preserve and expand protected open
space, public parks, and tree cover.
b. Increase access to and awareness of
places to cool off.
c. Revise zoning to increase cooling
features in new construction (see CR 1.1).
d. Develop toolkit w/partners on retrofits
to keep homes cooler (see CR 1.2).
280
ons HowGtrheisensthroautesgeyGaadsva(GncHeGs)aRfuetduurcettiohantsis... How thiIsmsptrlaetmegeyntaadtvioances a future that is... Implementation
Reduction Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction
MTCO₂e)
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) ESFqtinuraaittnaecbgiinleegs Financing
Action Equitable Regenerative Resilient RegCeintyerSatteiwveard Resilient Strategies City Steward
Total Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
gy Supply BCRE 1 MReusniliiceinptalBBuuilidldininggssaannddNEenigehrgbyorShuopopdlys
abcd abcd abcd PbevaPsslFfeagoxouuhelvliarardwarduseengrtgSeeeleinieentrnrrmiaatignmgps,tlbeg/eeeR(ulonoeslAEr/det)c.cCssgse(cahtsf.ltc/(l,oioaiSrPnscUrsirRtcgPomeSaEsi)AstnAeCtyd)caC,eE aPP::SPublasntaniinncagb; ilitdy; a b c d Power purchase P: Sustainability;
(ab) DReraswt1os1r0edso,4wec2no1csyasrbteomns (ad) RBeudiludcsepsavrut1nln,e9errs3ah0bipilsity FSiunsatnacineability agreements (PPA), Finance
1,930 (a)SSDPPra::wSSsuudssottwaaininncaaabrbbiiloliitntyy;; (d) Builds partnerships existing electricity SP: Sustainability;
(c) Adapts processes FPilnaannncineg budget, REC/SREC Finance
value
abc d a b c d a b c d Graant fbundincg d aPP::SEumbstearignceanbcilyitdy; a b c d P: Sustainability;
abc d (aa) Draw2bs0d,o7wocn7carbdon ab vuc2ln,e1r4a3bdility P(e.rgf.o, rCmoanstcael-based FMaacniliatgieesment; Performance-based Facilities
2,143 204,169 pCroomcumreumnietinets Grant, (a)SSDPursa:wtSasuindsoatwabinnlicataybrbiloitny; (a) Reduces vulnerability procurement SP: Sustainability;
(a) Reduces federal hazard Facilities
5,029 (a) Reduces vulnerability P: Sustainability;
(b) Strengthens FSaPc:iliStiuesstainability; Facilities
(includes mitigation and Planning; Emergency SP: Sustainability;
TLU 3.5) communities Facilities
9,((1cd0))2ABduailpdtsspparrotnceesrssehsips resilience grants) P: Sustainability;
NIP 1% Management Finance
SP: Sustainability;
abcd a b73,04c1 d a b c5,029d ESaCOs,bbondcs, d aP: Substaincabilitdy; a b c d ESCOs, bonds, Finance
abcd gImenpearcatl feuensd, Facilities general fund,
(a) Draw(isndcoluwdnescarbon (a) Reduces v(uilnnceluradbeislity E(Pffoicritelanncdy)M, Laainned (a)SDPra:wSsudsotwainncaabrbiloitny; (a) Reduces vulnerability Efficiency Maine
abcd TLU 3.5) TLU 3.5) iBnacnenktFivuensd (South Facilities incentives
(a) Addresses injustice abcd abcd Portland), revolving N/A
- if implement internal loan funds (e.g., Clean P: Planning; Parks;
(a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Water State Revolving Sustainability
carbon charge (b) Restores ecosystems (b) Strengthens Lgroaaanntss),(befe.gd.e, cPrarlo/sjetdactte ((aca))FSFPSPDSeiiP:annPucrrSaop:aa:kwnpunnSbSsoossccu;umrtdeetsPsaosyttliwaaanacinncianninbcraacaiibnurblibiltdgialolyiritnt;yy;;
NC(a/aA)nAodpdyreAsssessiisntjausntcicee abcd
abcd communities G- rifaimntpsle,m3e19ntGinrtearnntasl ,
(a) DrawsNdoIwPn carbon Lancdarabnodn cWhaargteer (a) Reduces vulnerability
(ca) Adapbts proccessesd (c) Adapts processes
(c) Supports a circular
economy (a) Reduces vulnNeIrPability
(c) Adapts processes
Conservation Fund)
CR 2 Strong and Healthy Communities
abcd abcd abcd Public housing P: Housing; Planning;
repositioning, Sustainability;
(a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability adjustments to Permitting &
(b) Expands access (d) Builds shared wealth (b) Strengthens QAP cost caps (for Inspections; Health &
(c) Creates inclusive financing resilient/ Human Services
communities sustainable housing), SP: Sustainability;
processes (c) Adapts processes revolving loan funds, Planning
(d) Builds partnerships power purchase
agreements (for solar
installations), private
grants, community
partnerships (for
diverse and inclusive
neighborhoods
project)
abcd abcd abcd Impact fees P: Parks;
(Portland), Land Sustainability;
(a) Addresses injustice (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Bank Fund (South Planning; Health &
(b) Expands access (b) Restores ecosystems (b) Strengthens Portland), federal/ Human Services
(c) Creates inclusive state grants (e.g., SP: Sustainability;
communities Project Canopy Planning; Parks
processes (c) Adapts processes Assistance Grants,
(d) Builds partnerships Land and Water
Conservation Fund),
private grants
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 281
BE Timeline
Buildings & Energy
Climate Resilience
Action
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply a. Expand public land access for food • Small grants program
production. for food system
ab. CEostmabplliesthe/imbuplkrosvoelapropliocwieesrtopucrocnhnaescets w innovators established
cpurorrdeunctelyrsu/hnadrevrewsatey.rs and consumers. by 2025
CBRE 21.13 Renewable Municipal Electricity bc. PErnogvaigdeeignrfaunrttsh/beurscionnestrsadcetsvetolompmeetnt • AFullnmduinngictiopacloemlemctirsiscioitny
PRuerssiulienptoFwoeordpuSrycshtaesme sagreements (PPAs) to reach rfoemr faoinoidngsymstuenmicripeasillideenmcea/nindn.ovation. ufosoedmsheet dbyasrseenseswmaebnlet
1C0u0lt%ivarteenehweaalbthley,erneegregnyefroarticviet,yafnadciljiutsietsfoaohedasdysotfesmtast.e d. Conduct a foodshed assessment. esenceurgreydbbyy2020328
renewable portfolio standard (RPS) schedule. • Access to community
agriculture expanded to
BE 1.2 Net-Zero Energy New City Buildings ae. UPasretpnerftoormsuapnpcoer-tbajosbedtrparinoicnugreanmdent all neighborhoods to meet
CR 2.4 Pursue net-zero energy (NZE) buildings for new city froersknilelixntgCiintythbeuiflodoindg.production sector. demand
government buildings through performance-based ba. CAodlolapbtoNrZatEe-rweaitdhyG(PanCdONGZtEo wlahuenrceh next • All newly constructed or
pTCrrooancntuisnrpueomertteoanttpi.orinorAitcizceedssecision-making processes and pohsasiebloef)CfoTrLPallpnreowgraCmity. buildings. gut-rehabed city buildings
transit investments that advance equity in our cities. b. Invite Community Leaders to t•oAbdedNreZsEs foirrsNt ZroEu-rnedady
participate in OCF planning initiatives. sotfaprtrionpgoisna2ls0m26ade
BE 1.3 Energy Efficiency Retrofits for City Buildings by Community
CR 2.5 Develop a strategic energy management plan (SEMP) for ac. BRenvicehwmaanrdk iamndplceomnednutcptraonpnousaeldquality Transportation Leaders
all city facilities and lead by example by pursuing deep csolnuttriolnrsefvrioemw oCfTuLsPefdirasttarfoournbdu. ildings. •bySE20M2P6s commissioned
eNneeirgghybroerthroofoitds aRnedsoeulerccterisfication for large existing city ba. ECsotmabmlisishsiaonsmSaElMl gPrsanfotsr palrlocgitryam to by 2025
bSuipldpionrgtsa. nd strengthen our existing community bsupilpdoinrgtsi.nitiatives that build resilience. •b•uoc•wonyrDAAitmdn2lhwele0emerarri3pegerwu0tdhsenaribolntyiithoefeybienrrtyhogscfoyire2trgoo0srgadet2rbnt6aregironzoraNutofstinZuitobdsEpnysosf
resources. cb.. CLaounndcuhctSduesteapineanbelergNyeriegthrboofirtshofoordcity 2025
bpuroilgdrinamgss. . • Municipal shadow
Internal Carbon Pricing for Municipal ac.. CWoonrdkuwctitcharrebsoidnepnrtisc/ecofemamsibuinliittyy orgs. carbon price or carbon
Construction and Operations atossreesssomuercnet tnoeisgehtbaoprphrooopdrihatuebps.rice. charge implemented by
2026
BEC1R.43 RCreesatielieeinthterLaoschaaldoEwcocanrboomn yprice for evaluating all b. Implement shadow carbon price or • Grant funding and
internal carbon charge. partnerships secured
city decisions, and/or an internal carbon charge paid to a a. Develop PPP to access grant funding for resilient working
central climate emergency fund. for waterfront resilience collaboration. waterfronts project by
Resilient Working Waterfronts 2026
Create an ongoing platform for collaborative planning b. Convene port/waterfront industries for • Targets set through
CR 3.1 to ensure that Portland and South Portland’s port and coordinated resilience planning. collaboration for net
waterfronts can respond, adapt, and thrive with new increases in individuals
climate stresses. (+ actions on revising land use code trained in specific
captured by other strategies - see text) sustainability/resilience
Workforce for a Resilient Economy fields
Attract, mentor, and build the skills of our cities’ workers a. Work with partners to strengthen job • Revise land use policies
to partake in quality jobs that help build a diverse, training and employment pipelines. to reduce barriers to
resilient, and regenerative economy. traditional and emerging
CR 3.2 marine related industries
by 2026
CR 3.3 Climate-Ready Industries and Innovation a. Support business resilience via
Build the capacity of the businesses and industries in our economic development programs. • Full geospatial data set
cities to bounce back, adapt, and innovate. b. Identify barriers and opportunities for completed for sewer and
the growth of a blue economy. stormwater system by
c. Drive innovation/growth in climate- 2024
ready industries via PPPs and pilots. • Hydrologic / hydraulic
drainage model
CR 4 Resilient Infrastructure Systems completed by 2028
CR 4.1 Stormwater Systems a. Fill gaps in geospatial data for the
Use modeling and flood data to upgrade the cities’ sewer and stormwater system.
stormwater and sewer systems to handle future climate b. Implement comprehensive asset
scenarios. management system.
c. Build out protocol for consistently
tracking flood incidences.
d. Commission hydrologic/hydraulic
drainage model.
282
ons HowGtrheisensthroautesgeyGaadsva(GncHeGs )aRfuetduurcettiohantsis... How thiIsmsptrlaetmegeyntaadtvioances a future that is... Implementation
Reduction Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction
MTCO₂e)
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) ESFqtinuraaittnaecbgiinleegs Financing
Action Equitable Regenerative Resilient RegCeintyerSatteiwveard Resilient Strategies City Steward
Total Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
gy Supply aBEb1 Mc undicipaal Bubildicngsdand aEnebrgycSudpply(Fee.dge.,rUalSgDrAangtrsants),
private grants (e.g.,
(a) Addresses injustice (b) Restores ecosystems (a) Reduces vulnerability PaSNgoyerawsewteerEmnpbegRunlreatcsnhidlc(iaPesFnPeocAoed)d, P: Sustainability;
(b) Expands access (c) Supports a circular (b) Strengthens eFxuisntdin, gUSelDeNctrPiacrittyners aPP:arSkubss;tHaiencaalbthili&tdy; a b c d
a econbomy c d a combmunitices d bfourdgPelatc, eRsEgCr/aSnRtEsC), FHinuamnacne Services Power purchase P: Sustainability;
(ca) Creabtes incclusived (d) DBruailwd1s1s0dsho,4awr2ne1dcawrebaolnth (d) Builds ppaarrtt1nn,ee9rrs3shh0iippss vraelvuoelving loan funds (a)SSDPPra::wSSsuudssottwaaininncaaabrbbiiloliitntyy;; (d) Builds partnerships agreements (PPA), Finance
1,930 (a) (d) Builds (e.g., Portland FEicnoanocemic existing electricity SP: Sustainability;
processes Development; Parks budget, REC/SREC Finance
(d) Builds community value P: Sustainability;
Facilities
ownership SP: Sustainability;
Facilities
Development P: Sustainability;
Corporation) Facilities
SP: Sustainability;
abcd abcd abcd abcd aP: Substaincabilitdy; a b c d Performance-based Facilities
abcd (aa) Draw2bs0d,o7wocn7carbdon (aa) Redubces vuc2ln,e1r4a3bdility Performance-based Facilities P: Sustainability;
2,143 procurement (a)SPDP:ra:PwSlasundsontwaininngca;abPrbiuloibtnyli;c (a) Reduces vulnerability procurement Finance
(d) Builds shared wealth (a) Reduces vulnerability PACTS funding, FWacoirliktsie; sSustainability SP: Sustainability;
(a) Addresses injustice (b) Strengthens private grants Finance
(b) Expands access communities
(c) Creates inclusive SP: Sustainability;
9,(1c0)2Adapts processes South Portland Bus
20p4ro,1c6es9ses 1% Service
(d) Builds partnerships
5,029 abcd a b73,04c1 d a b c5,029d ESaCOs,bbondcs, d aP: Substaincabilitdy; abcd ESCOs, bonds,
abcd (aa) Draw(bisndcoluwdcnescarbdon (aa) Redubces v(uiclnnceluradbedislity general fund, Facilities general fund,
(includes EPfrfiivcaietencgyraMnatsin, e (a)SDPra:wSsudsotwainncaabrbiloitny; (a) Reduces vulnerability Efficiency Maine
TLU 3.5) (a) Addresses injustice (d) BuildTsLsUha3r.5e)d wealth (a) Reduces vuTlLnUer3a.b5)ility irnecveonlvtivnegsloan funds FPa:cSiluitsietasinability incentives
(b) Expands access (b) Strengthens (e.g., Portland SP: Sustainability abcd
NIP (c) Creates inclusive Development N/A
communities Corporation) (a) Reduces vulnerability
processes (d) Builds partnerships (c) Adapts processes
(d) Builds community
abcd abcd a b c d aP: Substaincabilitdy;
ownership
abcd
(a) ACdRdres3sesRinjeusstiicleien(ta)LDorawcsaNdloIwPEnccaorbnonom(ya) Reduces vulnNeIrPability N(a/A) Addresses injustice ((ca))FSFPDSeiiPnn:ucraop:aaEwnpnnScoosccuomrdeetsnosytowaamincnicriaccaburbilaloirtny;
- if implement internal (c) Supports a circular (c) Adapts processes Development;
carbon charge economy - if implement internal Sustainability
carbon charge SP: Sustainability;
abcd abcd abcd Economic
Special assessments, Development;
(d) Builds community (b) Restores ecosystems (a) Reduces vulnerability bonds, federal/state Planning
ownership (c) Adapts processes grants (e.g., FEMA
(d) Builds partnerships BRIC grants), private
grants (e.g., NSF Civic
Innovation Challenge)
abcd abcd abcd P: Economic
Development;
(b) Expands access (a) Draws down carbon * (a) Reduces vulnerability Public private Sustainability
(b) Restores ecosystems* (b) Strengthens partnerships, public SP: Sustainability;
(c) Supports a circular communities and private grants Economic
economy * (d) Builds partnerships Development
(d) Builds shared wealth
abcd abcd abcd Tax increment P: Economic
financing (TIF), Dev.; Planning;
(a) Draws down carbon * (b) Strengthens revolving loan funds Sustainability
(b) Restores ecosystems* communities (e.g., Portland SP: Sustainability;
(c) Supports a circular (d) Builds partnerships Development Economic Dev.;
Corporation), PPPs, Planning
economy * federal grants
(d) Builds shared wealth
CR 4 Resilient Infrastructure Systems
abcd abcd abcd
(a) Reduces vulnerability User fees (e.g., P: Water Resources
(c) Adapts processes Portland stormwater SP: Water Resources
service charge, South Protection;
Portland Sewer User Emergency
Fund), general fund Management
* Depending on the program
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 283
BE Timeline
Buildings & Energy
Climate Resilience
Action
# Action Description Action Subcomponents By 2026- 2031- Milestones
2025 2030 2050
BE 1 Municipal Buildings and Energy Supply a. Evaluate/adjust ordinances to increase • 5% of impervious
infiltration in new development. surfaces in the cities
Green Infrastructure w converted to green
cEPRaxuepprntaseuunwredeaptahbonelwdeueiMsnrefpuilountfrriaccgthirepeaasethelneEainlgfeifrrcresatetsrmitincrecuitnhcyttosufr(ePstPsoAyrssmt)ewtmoastreetroacinhany ba. CExopmloprletreevbiusilnkgso(Pla)r/apdoowpetirnpgu(rScPh)ases i•nAfrlal smtruuncitcuiprealbeyle2c0tr3i5c;ity
CR 4.2 s10to0r%m.renewable energy for city facilities ahead of state sctuorrrmenwtlayteurnsdeerrvwicaey.charges and credits. 1u0s%e mbyet2b0y40re; naenwd a1b5%le by
BE 1.1 renewable portfolio standard (RPS) schedule. 2e0n5e0rgy by 2032
cb. Evnaglaugaetei/nimfuprlethmeernctoinntitriaacttivsetsoamndeet • Development of
BE 1.2 Net-Zero Energy New City Buildings troeomlsaitnoinegxpmaunndicGipI aolndpermivaanted.property. fRo2•stg•eot0vueAAaees2tbrltl-irl6ltlertinin5eeonNe0ehngewwZ0ativbE,nPl0dayeoloe02ducwr0v0oacee2Ntnisler6tosZqytPpdEurblmi-uaasrurntceeiertlanibdecdtyditnygosr
CR 4.3 Pursue net-zero energy (NZE) buildings for new city d. Collaborate with regional partners to energy/microgrids within
EgonveerrgnymSeynsttebmuilsdings through performance-based build education/awareness of GI. oe•bnnySaeE2b0yMlei2nPa5gsr lcoeofgmmislmiactirisoosgniorinded
BpuroilcduProemrtleanntd. and South Portland’s energy resilience. • Deep energy retrofits
a. AUdsevopceartfeofromrasnitcee--sbpaesceidficpcrolimcuarteemreisnkt underway by 2026
Energy Efficiency Retrofits for City Buildings afossrensesxmteCnitys obfuicldriitnicga. l infrastructure. • CAlilmreattreohfiatszatrodbseanNdZE
Develop a strategic energy management plan (SEMP) for b. AdvoopctaNteZEfo-reeavdaylu(atniodnNoZfEcwlimhearte rbeys2il0ie3n0ce indicators
BE 1.3 all city facilities and lead by example by pursuing deep rpioskssiibnlef)utfuoreailnl nfreawstrCuitcytubrueilpdlianngns.ing. applied to all asset
energy retrofits and electrification for large existing city c. Develop and implement a Resilient management decision-
Tbruailndsinpgosr.tation Systems Power Plan. m• Makuinngicbipya2l 0sh2a8dow
CR 4.4 Adopt a risk-based transportation asset management carbon price or carbon
approach. (a+. Baectnicohnms oarnkeannedrgcyornedsuilcietnacnenucaapl qtuuraelidty charge implemented by
Internal Carbon Pricing for Municipal bcoynottrhoelrrestvrieatwegoifesus-esedeattaexfot)r buildings. 2026
ab.. BCuoimldmoiustsiroonbuSsEtMgPesosfopratailallcditayta to
BE 1.4 Construction and Operations sbuupilpdoinrgtsm. odeling and predictions. • Fertilizer ordinance
Create either a shadow carbon price for evaluating all bc.. MCoonddeul catssdeetelpifeesnpearngsy wreitthrofits for city adopted by 2022
city decisions, and/or an internal carbon charge paid to a cbounilsdiidnegrsa.tion for climate hazards. • No net coastal wetland
ca.. ECsotnadbulischt craersbilioenncperidceesfiegansgibuiliidteylines loss by 2035
aanssdepssemrfeonrmt taonsceetinapdpicraotporrisa.te price. • Establish biodiversity
db.. DImepvelelompepnht assheaddoinwvecsatrmboenntparpicperooarch, and connectivity targets
iinnftleurennaclecdarbbyocnlicmhaatregeri.sk. by 2028
• Post-construction soil
CR 5 Ececnotrsayl csltimeamteRemeesriglieenncycfeund. health standards adopted
for new construction by
CR 5.1 Ecosystem Adaptive Management a. Monitor and manage pests and 2025
Strengthen ecosystem resilience through enhancing invasives. • “100 Resilient Lawns”
connectivity, biodiversity, and healthy habitat. b. Mitigate coastal acidification by achieved in each city by
reducing stormwater pollution. 2028
c. Develop biodiversity and connectivity
goals and guidelines (aligned with CR 1.3).
d. Facilitate tidal wetland migration.
CR 5.2 Soil Health e. Curtail coastal erosion with living
Build back the health of our soils for ecological vitality, shorelines.
water infiltration, and carbon sequestration. a. Adopt post-construction soil health
standards.
b. Pilot and monitor healthy soil land
management practices.
c. Share results and launch campaign to
improve soil on private lawns.
284
ons HowGtrheisensthroautesgeyGaadsva(GncHeGs )aRfuetduurcettiohantsis... How thiIsmsptrlaetmegeyntaadtvioances a future that is... Implementation
Reduction Cumulative GHG Reduction 2050 GHG Reduction
MTCO₂e)
Potential 2020-2050 (MTCO₂e) Potential (MTCO₂e) ESFqtinuraaittnaecbgiinleegs Financing
Action Equitable Regenerative Resilient RegCeintyerSatteiwveard Resilient Strategies City Steward
Total Section Section Action Section Action
Total % Total Total Total
gy Supply BE 1 Municipal Buildings and aEnebrgycSudpplyRevolving loan funds
ab cd a bcd (e.g., Clean Water
abcd (a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability aebPvSLfC(agexeouotDlirda.adwusageBtetgne.eeei,rGensrma3R)tgl1pf,,b/ee9useRbuvntnlGErooaetdcCnstlcrhvieadntc/(iaSrnnPsggsiR,tgc)PresaEiAt,nCyd)t,s P: Water Resources Power purchase P: Sustainability;
aPS:PS:ubPsltaanincainbgil;itdWy;ater a b c d agreements (PPA), Finance
1,930 (ba) Restbores eccosystdems (ba) Scotrmenbmguthneitnicess d (a)SFRDiPenrsa:awonSuscudrescotewasinnPcaarbrobiltoietnyc;tio(nd) Builds partnerships existing electricity SP: Sustainability;
(a) Draw1s10do,4w2n1carbon ((dd)) BBuuiillddss ppaarrtt1nn,ee9rrss3hh0iippss Finance budget, REC/SREC Finance
value
Federal/state grants
(e.g., FEMA BRIC) (for
2,143 aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd aa bb cc dd Reasilienbt Powcer Pdlan), (aa)FPSFEMWSPDaaP:mP:raccoSa:Sn:iierwlluSubiiaSkrttssuggssiiutdeet;esesaoasstFnmtiwianaanccineiacnyannbcibalaaitibitrbl;libiiitdiePtlolyiyistunt;;yyb;;lic(aa) Redubces cd Performance-based P: Sustainability;
((aa)) DDrraaww2ss0dd,oo7wwonn7ccaarrbboonn (((aab))) RRSeetrddeuunccgeetsshvveuun2llsnn,ee1rr4aa3bbiilliittyy PReErCfosramleasn, cfeed-bearsael d Planning; Water procurement Facilities
5,029 (a) Addresses injustice ptaroxccurreedmitse,nPtPAs (for Resources Protection vulnerability SP: Sustainability;
(b) Expands access communities DER), see BE 5.4 for ESCOs, bonds, Facilities
(includes (c) Adapts processes district energy general fund, P: Sustainability;
TLU 3.5) 204,169 1% Future: federal Efficiency Maine Facilities
9,(1d0)2Builds partnerships funding, green/ incentives SP: Sustainability;
NIP Facilities
abcd a b73,04c1 d a b c5,029d EinSfaCraOsst,rbubcotnudrcse, badnk aP: Substaincabilitdy; abcd N/A P: Sustainability;
abcd general fund, Facilities Finance
(a) Draw(isndcoluwdnescarbon (a) Reduces v(uilnnceluradbeislity (a)SDPra:wSsudsotwainncaabrbiloitny; (a) Reduces vulnerability SP: Sustainability;
Efficiency Maine Facilities Finance
a bTLU 3.c5) d a b TcLU 3.5d) P: Public Works
incentives
(a) Reduces vulnerability Impact fees, general SP: Finance;
(c) Adapts processes fund Public Works;
(d) Builds partnerships aPTr:aSnubssptoairntcaabtiiolintdy; a b c d
abcd abcd abcd abcd
(a) Addresses injustice (a) DrawsNdoIwPn carbon (a) Reduces vulnNeIrPability N(a/A) Addresses injustice ((ca))SFFDSeiiPnnucraop:aawnpnnSoosccumrdeetsosytwaa incnicracaburbilaloirtny; (a) Reduces vulnerability
- if implement internal (c) Adapts processes
(c) Supports a circular (c) Adapts processes - if implement internal
carbon charge economy carbon charge
CR 5 Ecosystem Resilience
abcd abcd abcd Impact fees P: Parks;
(Portland), Land Sustainability;
(a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Bank Fund (South Planning; Water
(b) Restores ecosystems (b) Strengthens Portland), federal/ Resources
state grants SP: Sustainability;
communities (e.g., Maine Water Resources
(c) Adapts processes Natural Resource Protection; Parks;
(d) Builds partnerships Conservation Planning
Program funds, Maine
Stream Crossing
Upgrade Grant
Program, 319 grants)
abcd abcd abcd Impact fees P: Sustainability;
(Portland), Land Parks
(a) Draws down carbon (a) Reduces vulnerability Bank Fund (South SP: Sustainability;
(b) Restores ecosystems (b) Strengthens Portland), private Water Resources
(c) Supports a circular grants Protection; Parks;
communities Planning
economy (c) Adapts processes
(d) Builds partnerships
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 285
One Climate Future
LAUNCHING THE PLAN
We live in a rapidly changing world. Innovative technologies
disrupt long standing business models, people move around the country
and around the world in search of opportunity, and unforeseen events—
such as the COVID-19 pandemic—completely transform the way we live
our lives. In a future of climate disruptions, we should anticipate that
change will be the one thing we can count on.
We understand that the strategies and timelines laid out in this plan will
need to adapt to future events and conditions to achieve our overarching
climate and resilience goals. One Climate Future should be considered
a living document and the pathways outlined should be dynamic and
adaptable to future conditions. The Cities intend to return to and update
One Climate Future periodically to reflect new technologies, financial
resources, staff capacity, and community ownership.
286
THE CITIES LINKED BY THE FORE RIVER AND CASCO BAY BRIDGE • Photo by City of South Portland
Nonetheless, the strategies that Portland and South Portland put
forward today reflect the magnitude and urgency of change. We will rely
on the residents, businesses, community partners, and institutions within
the cities to work together to achieve our goals. Success will depend on
ongoing commitments of time, resources, and collective will. Both Cities
will regularly report on this progress to hold ourselves accountable for
bold action.
We are not starting from scratch, but rather building upon years of clean
energy and climate initiatives. This momentum across city departments,
community organizations, and our social fabric positions us well to
launch into immediate action that will bring transformative change.
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 287
Acronyms
ACA Airport Carbon Accreditation
ADA Americans with Disabilities Act
ADU Accessory Dwelling Unit
ASCT Adaptive Signal Control Technology
ASHP Air-Source Heat Pump
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
AV Autonomous Vehicle
BAU Business as Usual
BE Buildings and Energy (One Climate Future Strategies)
BEV Battery Electric Vehicle
BRIC Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (FEMA Program)
BRT Bus Rapid Transit
BSOOB Biddeford-Saco-Old Orchard Beach (Transit Committee)
C&D Construction and Demolition
C-PACE Commercial Property-Assessed Financing
CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy (Standards)
CBL Casco Bay Lines
CCA Community Choice Aggregation
CDBG Community Development Block Grants (HUD funding)
CDBG-DR Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (HUD Funding)
CH₄ Methane
CHP Combined Heat and Power
CHPS Collaborative for High Performance Schools
CMP Central Maine Power
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
CO₂ Carbon Dioxide
COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019
CPPC Climate Planning Process Committee
CR Climate Resilience (One Climate Future Strategies)
CRS Community Rating System
CTLP Community Transportation Leaders Program
DER Distributed Energy Resources
EDA U.S. Economic Development Administration
EERS Energy Efficiency Resource Standard
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPR Extended Producer Responsibility
ESCO Energy Service Company
EUI Energy Use Intensity
EV Electric Vehicle
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map
288
FMA Flood Mitigation Assistance (FEMA Funding)
FTA Federal Transit Administration
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GHX Ground Heat Exchanger
GPC Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories
GPCOG Greater Portland Council of Governments
GSHP Ground-Source Heat Pumps
HERS Home Energy Rating System
HMGP Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (FEMA Funding)
HUD U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
IBC International Building Code
IECC International Energy Conservation Code
ILFI International Living Future Institute
IMT Institute for Market Transformation
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IT Information Technology
ITDP Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
kW / kWh Kilowatt / Kilowatt Hour
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
LID Low Impact Development
LIHTC Low Income Housing Tax Credits
MaineDOT Maine Department of Transportation
MC₂ Maine Clean Communities
MEGA Maine Energy Generation Authority
METRO Greater Portland METRO
MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization
MTCO₂e Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalents
MTF Multimodal Transportation Fund
MUBEC Maine Uniform Building and Energy Code
MW / MWh Megawatt / Megawatt Hour
NA Not Assessed (One Climate Future Implementation Matrix)
NAVD88 North American Vertical Datum of 1988
NG Natural Gas
NGVD29 National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929
NFIP National Flood Insurance Program
NIQ Not Independently Quantified (One Climate Future Implementation Matrix)
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NSF National Science Foundation
NSRS National Spatial Reference System
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 289
NRDC Natural Resources Defense Council
NWA Non-Wires Alternatives
NZE Net-Zero Energy
P Portland (One Climate Future Implementation Matrix)
PACE Property-Assessed Clean Energy
PACTS Portland Area Comprehensive Transportation System
PBP Performance-Based Procurement
PHA Portland Housing Authority
PHIUS Passive House Institute U.S.
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
PPM Parts Per Million
PPP Public-Private Partnership
PPSM People Per Square Mile
PSA Portland Society for Architecture
PUC Public Utilities Commission
PWM Portland International Jetport
QAP Qualified Allocation Plan
REC Renewable Energy Certificate (or Renewable Energy Credit)
RFO Renewable Fuel Oil
RFP Renewable Portfolio Standard
RGGI Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
RPS Renewable Portfolio Standard
RTP Regional Transportation Program
SAYT Save-As-You-Throw
SCRP Sustainable Communities Regional Planning (HUD Funding)
SEM / SEMP Strategic Energy Management / Strategic Energy Management Plan
SLR Sea Level Rise
SMCC Southern Maine Community College
SOM Soil Organic Matter
SOV Single-Occupancy Vehicle
SP South Portland (One Climate Future Implementation Matrix)
SPBS South Portland Bus Service
SPHA South Portland Housing Authority
SREC Solar Renewable Energy Certificate
T&D Transmission and Distribution
TAM Transportation Asset Management
TCI Transportation and Climate Initiative
TDM Transportation Demand Management
TIF Tax Increment Financing
TLU Transportation and Land Use (One Climate Future Strategies)
TMA Transportation Management Association
TNC Transportation Network Company
290
TOD Transit-Oriented Development
UNE University of New England
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
US BCSD U.S. Building Council for Sustainable Development
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
USDN Urban Sustainability Directors Network
USGBC U.S. Green Building Council
USM University of Southern Maine
VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled
VW Volkswagen
WR Waste Reduction (One Climate Future Strategies)
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 291
Endnotes 12 Graziano, M and Gillingham, K. (2015). Spatial patterns of solar
photovoltaic system adoption: The influence of neighbors
1 Haley, J. (2019). Why it’s time to invest in climate resilient and the built environment. Journal of Economic Geography.
infrastructure. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https:// 14 (4): 815-839. Retrieved from http://academic.oup.com/joeg/
www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/09/why-it-s-time-to-invest-in- article/15/4/815/2412599
climate-resilient-infrastructure/
13 Hsu, J. (2019). Solar Power’s Benefits Don’t Shine Equally on
2 Pless, S., Torcellini, P., Scheib, J., Hendron, B., and Leach, M. (n.d.). Everyone. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.
How-To Guide for Energy-Performance-Based Procurement. U.S. scientificamerican.com/article/solar-powers-benefits-dont-shine-
Department of Energy. Retrieved from https://www1.eere.energy. equally-on-everyone/
gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/rsf/performance_based_how_to_
guide.pdf 14 Decennial Census and American Community Survey (ACS). (2014-
2018).
3 Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (n.d.) “Data-
Driven Strategic Energy Management.” U.S. Department of 15 Carliner, M. (2013). Reducing Energy Costs in Rental Housing:
Energy. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/eere/slsc/data- The Need and the Potential. Joint Center for Housing Studies,
driven-strategic-energy-management Harvard University. Research Brief: 13-2. Retrieved from https://
www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/carliner_research_brief_0.
4 US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (n.d.) “The Social pdf
Cost of Carbon: Estimating the Benefits of Reducing Greenhouse
Gas Emissions.” Retrieved from https://19january2017snapshot. 16 Decennial Census and American Community Survey (ACS). (2014-
epa.gov/climatechange/social-cost-carbon_.html 2018).
5 For example see: Yale University. (2020). Yale Carbon Charge. 17 Carliner, M. (2013). Reducing Energy Costs in Rental Housing:
Retrieved from https://carbon.yale.edu/https://www.swarthmore. The Need and the Potential. Joint Center for Housing Studies,
edu/sustainability/swarthmores-carbon-charge-program Harvard University. Research Brief: 13-2. Retrieved from https://
www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/carliner_research_brief_0.
6 Representatives of Affordable Housing, Kaplan Thompson pdf
Architects, Portland Housing Authority, the Maine Affordable
Housing Coalition, and Wright-Ryan Construction. (2019). 18 Peterson, A. and Lalit, R. (2018). Better Rentals, Better City:
Opportunities for Near-Term Progress Towards Meeting the Policies to Improve Your City’s Rental Housing Energy
Goals of the Maine Climate Council Through Maine’s Affordable Performance. Rocky Mountain Institute. Retrieved from info.rmi.
Housing Sector. Maine Climate Council Buildings, Infrastructure, org/better_rentals_report
and Housing Working Group.
19 See page 12 of the following Rocky Mountain Institute report
7 National Renewable Energy Lab. (2017). Solar-Ready Building for a breakdown of estimated costs for instituting a minimum
Design: A Summary of Technical Considerations. Retrieved from efficiency standard policy for rentals: Peterson, A. and Lalit, R.
https://www.nrel.gov/state-local-tribal/blog/posts/solar-ready- (2018). Better Rentals, Better City: Policies to Improve Your City’s
building-design-a-summary-of-technical-considerations.html Rental Housing Energy Performance. Rocky Mountain Institute.
Retrieved from info.rmi.org/better_rentals_report
8 See ACEEE Whitepaper on quality control of energy models:
Vega, K. and Beaulieu, S. (2014). Lessons Learned: Performing QC 20 Kelly, M and Rogers, E. (2016). Communicating the Value of
on Energy Models. ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency Industrial Energy Efficiency Programs. ACEE. Retrieved from
in Buildings. Retrieved from https://www.aceee.org/files/ https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/value-industrial-ee-programs.
proceedings/2014/data/papers/1-731.pdf pdf
9 The Institute for Market Transformation. (2013). Third Party 21 Efficiency Maine. (2020). Commercial and Industrial (C&I)
Building Code Enforcement. Retrieved from http://imt.org/wp- Custom Program. Retrieved from https://www.efficiencymaine.
content/uploads/2018/02/Comprehensive_third_party_case_study. com/at-work/commercial-industrial-custom-program/
pdf
22 American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE).
10 For self-direct best practices, see: Chitttum, A. (2011). Follow (n.d.) Myths and Facts about Industrial Opt-Out Provisions.
the Leaders: Improving Large Customer Self-Direct Programs. Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/ieep-myths-
Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/ facts.pdf
researchreports/ie112.pdf
23 For self-direct best practices, see: Chitttum, A. (2011). Follow
11 Corvidae, J, Gartman, M, and Peterson, A. (2019). The Economics the Leaders: Improving Large Customer Self-Direct Programs.
of Zero-Energy Homes. The Rocky Mountain Institute. Retrieved Retrieved from https://aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/
from https://rmi.org/insight/economics-of-zero-energy-homes/ researchreports/ie112.pdf
292
24 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (n.d.) What is CHP? food within the cities is accounted for in the transportation data.
Combined Heat and Power Partnership. Retrieved from https:// 37 Hawken, P. (ed). (2017). Drawdown: The most comprehensive
www.epa.gov/chp/what-chp
plan ever proposed to reverse global warming. Penguin Books.
25 For an accessible discussion, see: Roberts, D. (2020). “This New York, NY.
climate problem is bigger than cars and much harder to 38 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
solve.” Vox. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/energy-and- (2015). Food Wastage Footprint: Impact on Natural Resources.
environment/2019/10/10/20904213/climate-change-steel-cement- Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/ar429e/ar429e.pdf
industrial-heat-hydrogen-ccs 39 Hoover, D and Moreno L. (2017). Estimating Quantities and Types
of Food Waste at the City Level. Natural Resources Defense
26 Efficiency Maine (n.d.) CHP Cost Effectiveness Guidelines. Council. Retrieved from https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/
Retrieved from https://www.efficiencymaine.com/docs/CHP_ food-waste-city-level-report.pdf
Cost_Effectiveness_Guidelines.pdf 40 Sanderson, K and Leib, E.(2019). Bans and Beyond: Designing
and Implementing Organic Waste Bans and Mandatory Organics
27 Efficiency Maine. (n.d.) Custom Distributed Generation Projects. Recycling Laws. Harvard Law School Food and Policy Clinic
Retrieved from https://www.efficiencymaine.com/custom- (FLPC) and the Center for EcoTechnology (CET). Retrieved from
distributed-generation-projects/ https://wastedfood.cetonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/
Harvard-Law-School-FLPC-Center-for-EcoTechnology-CET-
28 National Conference of State Legislatures. (2020). State Organic-Waste-Bans-Toolkit.pdf
Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals. Retrieved from https:// 41 For overviews of these programs, see: Sanderson, K and Leib,
www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards. E.(2019). Bans and Beyond: Designing and Implementing Organic
aspx Waste Bans and Mandatory Organics Recycling Laws. Harvard
Law School Food and Policy Clinic (FLPC) and the Center for
29 Silkman, Richard. (2019). A New Energy Policy Direction for EcoTechnology (CET). Retrieved from https://wastedfood.
Maine: A Pathway to a Zero-Carbon Economy by 2050. cetonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Harvard-Law-School-
FLPC-Center-for-EcoTechnology-CET-Organic-Waste-Bans-
30 National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners. (2016). Toolkit.pdf
NARUC Manual on Distributed Energy Resources Rate Design 42 Northern Tilth, Coker Composting & Consulting, and Tech
and Compensation. Retrieved from https://pubs.naruc.org/ Environmental. (2013). EcoMaine Organics Recycling Feasibility
pub/19FDF48B-AA57-5160-DBA1-BE2E9C2F7EA0 Study. Retrieved from http://www.ecomaine.org/wp-content/
uploads/2017/04/ecomainefinal_11-07-13.pdf
31 Dizikes, P. (2017). Study: For food waste recycling, policy is key. 43 Hanson, C. and Mitchell, P. (2017). “The Business Case for
MIT News Office. Retrieved from http://news.mit.edu/2017/study- Reducing Food Loss and Waste”. Washington DC: Champions
food-waste-recycling-policy-key-0817 12.3. Retrieved from https://champions123.org/wp-content/
uploads/2017/03/report_-business-case-for-reducing-food-loss-
32 WasteZero. (2018). Per capita residential trash in Southern Maine: and-waste.pdf.
Head-to-toe comparison of municipalities with pay-as-you-throw 44 US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (2019).
(PAYT) and those with no PAYT. Retrieved from http://wastezero. “Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition
com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ecomaine-report-06-01-18.pdf Materials.” Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-
management-construction-and-demolition-materials.
33 Some cities alternatively use bag tags, whereby all trash bags 45 Delta Institute (May 2018). “Deconstruction and Building
must be tied with a pre-purchased tag, which is color-coded or Material Reuse: A Tool for Local Governments and Economic
branded with the city’s SAYT system. Development Practitioners”. Retrieved from https://delta-institute.
org/delta/wp-content/uploads/6-13-18-Decon-Go-Guide-Refresh.
34 Ecomaine. (2020). Waste-to-energy plant. Retrieved from https:// pdf
www.ecomaine.org/our-facility/waste-to-energy-plant/ 46 Delta Institute (May 2018). “Deconstruction and Building
Material Reuse: A Tool for Local Governments and Economic
35 Morris, J. (1996). Recycling versus incineration: an energy Development Practitioners”. Retrieved from https://delta-institute.
conservation analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 47:1-3.
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 293
36 The organic waste in our trash is sent to the ecomaine Waste-
to-Energy Plant where it is burned to produce electricity (see
Action WR 1.2 for further details). Under the Global Protocol for
Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC),
burning organic waste is a “biogenic” source of carbon and
considered—for accounting purposes—carbon neutral. Likewise,
the greenhouse gas inventories don’t capture the greenhouse gas
emissions created by growing and producing food outside the
cities to be consumed inside the cities. Any transportation of that
org/delta/wp-content/uploads/6-13-18-Decon-Go-Guide-Refresh. Regulations. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
pdf 58 See: Institute for Transportation and Development Policy. (2017).
47 Natural Resources Council of Maine. (n.d.) Construction and
Demolition Debris and Other Special Types of Waste. Retrieved TOD Standard. Retrieved from https://www.itdp.org/2017/06/23/
from https://www.nrcm.org/programs/sustainability/recycling- tod-standard/#:~:text=The%20TOD%20Standard%20is%20
waste-management/construction-demolition-debris-special- a,back%20on%20the%20users%3A%20people.
types-waste/ 59 These statistics are cited across transit-oriented development
48 See: United States Building Council for Sustainable Development. plans for many jurisdictions across the Unites States. See: Puget
(2020). About the Materials Marketplace. Retrieved from https:// Sound Regional Council. (2009). Vision 2040, pg 81. Retrieved
usbcsd.org/materials from https://www.psrc.org/sites/default/files/7293-v2040_0.pdf
49 Reporting agencies categorize these as Scope 3 Emissions. 60 See: U.S. Green Building Council. (2020). Development Density.
It remains challenging to gather accurate upstream and Retrieved from https://www.usgbc.org/credits/lt31
downstream data for activities outside of a municipality’s 61 Greater Portland Council of Governments. (2017). Moving
operations. Therefore, GHG inventory guidance does not require Southern Maine Forward: Regional Transit Development Plan
jurisdictions to quantify Scope 3 emissions. Even so, organizations – Phase 1: 2018-2023. Retrieved from https://www.gpcog.org/
can take action to reduce indirect emissions by influencing DocumentCenter/View/353/2017-Moving-Southern-Maine-
suppliers’ or vendors’ practices. Forward-Regional-Transit-Development-Plan-Phase-I-PDF
50 Carbon Trust. (2020). What are Scope Three Emissions? 62 For useful guidance, see the Sustainable Land Use Code Project,
Retrieved from https://www.carbontrust.com/resources/briefing- and specifically the model land use regulations for mixed-use
what-are-scope-3-emissions transit-oriented development districts developed by the Capitol
51 National Association of State Procurement Officials. (2020) Region Council of Governments, the COG serving the Hartford,
NASPO Green Purchasing Guide. Retrieved from https://www. CT metropolitan region: Clarion, Shipman and Goodman, and
naspo.org/green-purchasing-guide/ Seth Harry and Associates. (2014). Model Land Use Regulations.
52 National Association of State Procurement Officials. (2020) Sustainable Land Use Code Project, Capitol Region Council of
NASPO Green Purchasing Guide. Retrieved from https://www. Governments. Retrieved from https://crcog.org/wp-content/
naspo.org/green-purchasing-guide/ uploads/2016/07/Booklet-4.4.2014.pdf
53 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2020). 63 This total breaks down to 2.5% of commutes in Portland and
Recommendations of Specifications, Standards, and Ecolabels 1.3% of commutes in South Portland. Data from 2018 American
for Federal Purchasing. Sustainable Marketplace: Greener Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates.
Products and Services. Retrieved from: https://www.epa.gov/ 64 City of Minneapolis, MN. (2019). Minneapolis Pedestrian and
greenerproducts/recommendations-specifications-standards- Bicyclist Daily Traffic Counts. Retrieved from http://www.
and-ecolabels-federal-purchasing#fiberboard minneapolismn.gov/bicycles/res/WCMS1P-135614
54 Rodier, C. (2009). Review of the International Modeling 65 This breaks down to 21 miles of bike lanes and 9 miles of shared-
Literature: Transit, Land Use, and Auto Pricing Strategies to use pathways in Portland, and 3.6 miles of bike lanes and 6.5
Reduce Vehicle Miles Traveled and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. shared-use pathways collectively in South Portland.
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation 66 See the map of bike parking facilities in Portland at: https://www.
Research Board. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3141/2132-01 portlandmaine.com/about-us/
55 Portland Area Comprehensive Transportation System (PACTS). 67 Vision Zero Network. (2020). Retrieved from https://
(2017). Destination 2040. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/ visionzeronetwork.org/about/what-is-vision-zero/
principleplaces/docs/portland_destination_2040_20170314/18 68 Portland Area Comprehensive Transportation System (PACTS).
56 See: McMahon Associates and Morris Communications. (2018). (2020). Transportation Improvement Plan 2020 – 2023. Retrieved
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Council of Governments (GPCOG). Retrieved from https://www. 2023-PACTS-Transportation-Improvement-Program-PDF
gpcog.org/DocumentCenter/View/354/2018-Transit-Stop-Access- 69 Portland Area Comprehensive Transportation System (PACTS),
Project-Phase-1-Report-PDF City of Portland, City of South Portland, and Maine Department
57 Barnett J. and Blaesser B.W. (2017). Reinventing Development of Transportation. (2018). Portland - South Portland Smart
Corridor Plan. Retrieved from https://www.portlandmaine.
294
gov/DocumentCenter/View/23887/PoSoPoSmartCorridorPlan_ 80 United States Census Bureau, 2011 -2015 5-Year American
FinalReport_Oct15-18DRAFTLoRes Community Survey.
70 Parking cash-out programs are where an employee can choose to
accept payment in-lieu of a parking space. 81 Toensmeier, E., Gutwein, S., and Zaltzberg, K. (2020).
71 The TDM ordinance in Cambridge, MA, which was established Provisional estimates of soil organic carbon by land cover type.
in 1998 and has seen notable success, requires non-residential Massachusetts Healthy Soils Action Plan.
properties to reduce the percentage of drive-alone trips by
10% from 1990 levels for the census track in which it is located. 82 Cambridge Systematics. (2013). Effects of the Built Environment
King County, WA requires companies with over 100 employees on Transportation: Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and
to reduce VMT for SOVs by a series of thresholds which starts Other Factors. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved from https://
with 15% after two years, up to 35% after 12 years. These www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/55634.pdf
percentage thresholds are higher than what would be reasonable
in Portland and South Portland due to transportation access; 83 See: Transportation and Climate Initiative, U.S. Department of
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follow report for an overview of several successful approaches Ready Codes for the Built Environment. Retrieved from https://
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Management into the Development Review Process. District
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72 Commuter Benefits Solutions. (2020). What is the Transit Benefit
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94 Casale, M. and Mahoney, B. (2019). Volkswagen Settlement do-anti-idling-technologies-work.
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Urbanized Area. (2020). PACTS Unified Planning Work media-library-data/1424983165449-38f5dfc69c0bd4ea8a161e
Program CY 2020-2021. Retrieved from https://www.gpcog.org/ 8bb7b79553/HMA_Guidance_022715_508.pdf; Department of
DocumentCenter/View/710/PACTS-Final-Unified-Planning-Work- Housing and Urban Development (HUD). (2020). Allocations,
Program-2020-2021 Common Application, Waivers, and Alternative Requirements for
121 Replacement schedule provided by email from P. Pottle, Casco Disaster Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery
Bay Lines, to consultant team, June 5, 2020; remaining table Grantees. Federal Register, Vol. 85, No. 17. Retrieved from https://
information from: Casco Bay Lines. 2019. “Casco Bay Lines www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-01-27/pdf/2020-01204.pdf;
Schedule and Fleet Analysis” https://www.cascobaylines.com/ FEMA. (2020). Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities
uploads/KPFF-Final-Report-Summary.pdf (BRIC). Retrieved from: https://www.fema.gov/bric
122 Trotter, B. (2019) Maine gets first of 270 cruise ship visits 131 Seattle’s Housing Affordability and Livability Agenda (HALA)
scheduled for 2019. WGME. Retrieved from https://wgme.com/ provides an example for this type of initiative. Building off an
news/local/maine-gets-first-of-more-than-270-cruise-ship-visits- assessment on changes in demographics and affordability, the
scheduled-for-2019; McGuire, P. (2018). Container volume at city has launched five broad initiatives (with 65 strategies) for
Maine’s largest port more than doubled over past five years. increasing affordability and preventing displacement in the city.
Transport Topics. Retrieved from https://www.ttnews.com/ 132 Stern, N. H., & HM Treasury, Great Britain. (2007). The
articles/container-volume-maines-largest-port-more-doubled- economics of climate change: The Stern Review. Cambridge, UK:
over-past-five-years Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://webarchive.
123 Stantec. (2018). Portland International Jetport Sustainable nationalarchives.gov. uk/20100407172811/http://www.hm-treasury.
Airport Master Plan. Portland International Jetport, City of gov.uk/ stern_review_report.htm
Portland. Retrieved from https://portlandjetport.org/sites/default/ 133 Maine Department of Labor, Center for Workforce Research and
files/files/PWM_MasterPlan_R.pdf Information. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.maine.gov/labor/
124 Soukup. (2018). Portland Jetport produces all of its deicing cwri/
fluid in-house. Airport Improvement. Retrieved from https:// 134 State of Maine Office of the Governor. (2020). COVID-19
airportimprovement.com/article/portland-jetport-produces-all- Response Timeline. Retrieved from https://www.maine.gov/
its-deicing-fluid-house covid19/timeline
125 Stantec. (2018). Portland International Jetport Sustainable 135 Anderson, J. C. (2019). Symposium explores ways to close
Airport Master Plan. Portland International Jetport, City of widening gap in Maine’s workforce. Portland Press Herald.
Portland, p 21. Retrieved from https://portlandjetport.org/sites/ December 2019. Retrieved from https://www.pressherald.
default/files/files/PWM_MasterPlan_R.pdf com/2019/12/06/symposium-explores-solutions-to-maines-
126 Stantec. (2018). Portland International Jetport Sustainable 158000-worker-problem/
Airport Master Plan. Portland International Jetport, City of 136 Maine Department of Economic and Community Development.
Portland. p 51. Retrieved from https://portlandjetport.org/sites/ (2019). Maine Economic Development Strategy 2020 – 2029:
default/files/files/PWM_MasterPlan_R.pdf A Focus on Talent and Innovation. Retrieved from https://
127 Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA). Retrieved from https://www. digitalmaine.com/decd_docs/203/
airportcarbonaccreditation.org/ 137 For further information on risk-based TAM, see: U.S. Department
128 Natural Resources Defense Council. (2020). Climate Resilience: of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. (2013). Risk-
How States Stack up of Flood Disclosure. Retrieved from https:// Based Transportation Asset Management: Building Resilience into
www.nrdc.org/flood-disclosure-map Transportation Assets. Retrieved from https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/
129 Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. (2019). Digital asset/pubs/hif13018.pdf
Dialogue #2: Improving Flood Risk Disclosure. Risk Management 138 King County, WA. (n.d.) Achieving the Post Construction Soil
and Decision Process Center, Digital Dialogues: Expert Ideation to Standard. Retrieved from https://kingcounty.gov/~/media/depts/
Solve Policy Challenges. Retrieved from https://riskcenter.wharton. dnrp/solid-waste/green-building/documents/Post-Construction-
upenn.edu/digital-dialogues/improving-flood-risk-disclosure/ Soil-Standard.ashx?la=en
130 For further information see the following sources: FEMA. (2015). 139 National Institute of Building Sciences. (2019). Natural Hazard
Hazard Mitigation Assistance Guidance: Hazard Mitigation Grant Mitigation Saves. Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://cdn.
Program, Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program, and Flood Mitigation ymaws.com/www.nibs.org/resource/resmgr/reports/mitigation_
Assistance Program. Retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/ saves_2019/mitigationsaves2019report.pdf
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 297
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One Climate Future
APPENDIX
A GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES MEMORANDUM
Memorandum: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories for Portland and South Portland
B ENERGY AND EMISSIONS MODELING MEMORANDUM
Memorandum: Community Energy and Emissions Modeling Technical Methodology
C RESILIENCE MEMORANDUM
Memorandum: Resilience Zoning for Resilient Buildings and Land Use
ONE CLIMATE FUTURE 299
300
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