(Statistics and Computing) Graham Wills (auth.)-Visualizing Time_ Designing Graphical Representations for Statistical Data-Springer-Verlag New York (2012)

238 11 Gallery of Figures

11.2 The Gallery 239

240 11 Gallery of Figures

11.2 The Gallery 241

242 11 Gallery of Figures

Apr 4 Apr 6 Apr 7 Apr 8 Apr 9 Apr 10 Apr 11 Apr 13 Apr 14 Apr 15 Apr 16 Apr 17 Apr 18

Apr 19 Apr 20 Apr 21 Apr 22 Apr 23 Apr 24 Apr 25 Apr 26 Apr 27 Apr 29 Apr 30 May 1 May 3

May 4 May 5 May 6 May 7 May 8 May 9 May 10 May 11 May 12 May 13 May 14 May 15 May 16

May 17 May 18 May 20 May 21 May 22 May 23 May 24 May 25 May 26 May 27 May 29 May 30 May 31

Jun 1 Jun 3 Jun 4 Jun 5 Jun 6 Jun 7 Jun 8 Jun 10 Jun 11 Jun 12 Jun 13 Jun 14 Jun 15

Jun 17 Jun 18 Jun 19 Jun 20 Jun 21 Jun 22 Jun 24 Jun 25 Jun 26 Jun 28 Jun 29 Jun 30 Jul 1

Jul 2 Jul 3 Jul 4 Jul 5 Jul 6 Jul 8 Jul 9 Jul 10 Jul 14 Jul 15 Jul 16 Jul 17 Jul 18

Jul 19 Jul 20 Jul 21 Jul 22 Jul 23 Jul 24 Jul 25 Jul 26 Jul 27 Jul 29 Jul 30 Jul 31 Aug 1

Aug 2 Aug 3 Aug 4 Aug 5 Aug 6 Aug 7 Aug 8 Aug 9 Aug 10 Aug 12 Aug 13 Aug 15 Aug 16

Aug 17 Aug 19 Aug 20 Aug 21 Aug 23 Aug 24 Aug 25 Aug 26 Aug 27 Aug 28 Aug 29 Aug 30 Aug 31

Sep 1 Sep 2 Sep 3 Sep 4 Sep 5 Sep 6 Sep 7 Sep 8 Sep 9 Sep 10 Sep 11 Sep 13 Sep 14

Sep 15 Sep 16 Sep 17 Sep 18 Sep 19 Sep 20 Sep 21 Sep 22 Sep 23 Sep 24 Sep 25 Sep 26 Sep 27

Sep 28 Sep 29 Sep 30 Oct 1 Oct 2

strikeout out single double
triple home run walk error

11.2 The Gallery 243

244 11 Gallery of Figures

11.2 The Gallery 245

246 11 Gallery of Figures

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Index

A cascading style sheets, 59
acknowledgement diagram, ix categorical sequences, 116, 118
aesthetics chart complexity, 140
chartlike table, 211
brightness, 157 Chernoff faces, 33
color, 156, 221 choice of y-axis minimum, 30
combinations, 46 Clock of Ages, 1
hue, 157 closely related variables, 77
on text labels, 161, 221 clustering
other, 161
saturation, 157 hierarchical, 200
shape, 158 self-organizing map, 41
size, 157 color, 156
transparency, 157 color, use of, 41
aggregation, 207, 208 comic books, 15
Agincourt, battle of, 158 common patterns, 66
airports in the USA, 215 complexity
always show zero, 30 aesthetics, 46
annotation, 57 grammatical breakdown, 227
aspect ratio, 124 subjective evaluation, 231
axis, 129 complexity experiment, 228
composite aesthetics, 46
B conditional relationships, 79
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 117 consensus ordering, 230
balance of trade, 6 consistency of mapping, 89
baseball, 41 converting time into ranges, 178
converting time ranges to time points,
designated hitter, 48
bible, 2 176
biblical time, 2 coordinate chain, 52
big-endian, 102 coordinate transformations, 127,
binning, 176, 178
bottom-up design, 89, 90 169
boxplot, 33, 75 correlations, 75
count data representation, 152
C CPI data for the UK, 188
calendars, 2, 4 CSS
cartesian coordinates, 50
see cascading style sheets, 59
cyclical order, 97
cylindrical coordinates, 50

G. Wills, Visualizing Time: Designing Graphical Representations for Statistical Data, 253
Statistics and Computing, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-77907-2,
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

254 Index

D migration paths, 9
data–ink ratio, 58, 152 movie ratings, 169
date formats, 102 movies, 71, 114, 129
date transformation formulas, 179 passenger arrivals, 138
decision trees, 80 population changes in US states, 17
density estimation, 115 rainfall in the UK, 144
roleplaying games, 218
use in ThemeRiver, 115 seismic activity, 106
dependent and independent variables, 106 software bugs and feature requests, 74
discrete time series, 102 software features, 80
display pipeline, 182 star magnitude / color, 68
distances between orderings, 230 stock trades, 23, 30, 77
distorting time, 169 The Jungle Book, 161
distortion techniques, 188 Twitter, 111
distributions, 71 US Population, 18
dividing time, 176 wind speeds, 35, 38
DNA sequence, 117 ExcelTMdate functions, 179
document analysis, 161 exploratory graphics, 63
dodging, 112
Dojo, 62 F
domain-specific display, 199 faceting, 17, 136
drill-down, 204
dynamic graphics complexity, 140
faceting by time, 138
see interactivity, 181 time within a faceting, 144
filtering, 207
E fisheye coordinate transformation, 52
earthquakes, 107 fisheye coordinate transformations, 188
Easter, 1 focus+context, 184, 188
Ebbinghaus Illusion, 153 formats, 102
El Nin˜o, 49, 53 output, 135
elapsed time, 97 fourier analysis, 172
email data, 184 fragile visualizations, xi, 119, 208, 223
English dialects, 21 frequency space transformations, 172
epoch, 103
G
Excel, 103 gallery, 236
UNIX, 103 Gantt chart, 217
epoch failure, 103 generalized correlations, 75
event data, 99, 101, 108, 114 geo-temporal data, 144
examples geography and nationality in the British Isles,
airline delay data, 208
baby names, 78 144
balance of trade, 6 Goldberg Variations, 119
baseball, 140 GQM (Goal, Question, Metric), 64
baseball players, 41 Grammar of Graphics, 22
beatles songs, 86
consumer price index, 172, 188 aesthetics, 41
crime, 51, 58 coordinate transformations, 123
deadly quarrels, 108, 220 coordinates, 50, 105, 123
El Nin˜o, 49, 53 elements, 23
email, 184 faceting, 49, 55, 123
human genome, 116, 117, 119 guides, 56
IBM Stock, 176 interactivity, 58
mass layoffs, 124, 127 statistics, 35
medieval soldiers, 151 styles, 58

Index 255

grammar of graphics M
complexity analysis, 227 ManyEyes, 91
map, 215
grammatical summary of charts, 229 map projections, 52
Grand Canyon, 2 mapping data to graphical features, 85
granularity of data, 178 measurement levels, 95
graph comprehension, 85 measures of calendar time, 1
graph layouts for variable associations, 82 medieval soldiers, 151
graphical perception tasks, 105 Minard, Charles Joseph, 9
guide model fitting, 192
moving average, 37
axis, 129 multidimensional scaling, 145
time axis, 132, 135 multimodal distributions, 72
multivariate time series techniques, 145
H musical notation as visualization, 117
heatmap, 74
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, 68 N
high-dimensional data, 67 Napoleon, 9
histogram, 178 narrative structure, 88
narrative visualization, 86
bin width automatic choice, 178 nominal data, 96
history of visualization of time, 1 nonlinear transformations of time, 169

I O
identifier variable, 111 oblique projection, 52
immersive learning, 65 occlusion problem, 24
information seeking, 91 ordered data, 233
interactive model fitting, 192 ordinal, 208
interactive parameter manipulation, 184 ordinal data, 96
interactivity, 181 outliers, 70
overplotting, 121
linked views, 198, 216 overview+detail
international date format, see ISO 8601
interval data, 97 see focus+context, 184
ISO 8601, 102
P
J paneling, 17, 148
Japanese calendar, 4 parallel coordinates, 50, 67
jittering, 112 parameters, 184
John Harrison, 2 perceptual tasks, 105
periodogram, 174
K petroglyphs, 2
kernel, Epanechnikov, 37 phrase net, 91
Kohonen map, see self-organizing map pipeline
Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, 71
see display pipeline, 182
L Playfair, William, 6
labeling, 220 point processes, 67, 101
large data sets, 207 polar coordinates, 5, 50, 127
legends, 57 pop-up, 187
linked events, 218 position modifiers, 112
little-endian, see big-endian preattentive visual processing, 48
longitude, 2, 95 presentation graphics, 63
lunar time, 1 PRIM-9, 182

256 Index

principles of design, 63 spherical coordinates, 50
Python, xi splitting aesthetic, 154
SQL GROUP BY and splitting aesthetics, 156
Q stability in animation, 89
questions charts answer, 69 stacking, 112
standard date format, see ISO 8601
R statistics
random charts, 228
random forest, 80 interactive parameter manipulation, 191
rank data, 233 step line, 176
ratio data, 97 stereotypes, 89
real-time data, 69 stock trades, 23
recoding data, 208 storytelling visualization, 86
rectangular coordinates, 50 Strasbourg Cathedral clock, 1
reflective learning, 65 streaming data, 69
regular data, 101 summarizing aesthetic, 154
relationships, 73 sunflower plot, 98

S T
scale tablelike chart, 211
tag cloud, 162
divergent, 157, 209 taxonomies of visualizations, 22
double-ended, 157 text analysis, 184
interactive scale manipulation, 194 text mining, 161
scatterplot matrix, 59 ThemeRiver, 116
schema, 33 time intervals, 99
search engines, 90, 91 time ranges , see time intervals
seasonality, 192 time series, 6, 123
SeeNet, 216 time series chart, 123
seismograph, 106 time series plot, 105
selection calculus, 203 timelines, 220
self-organizing map, 40 tool tip, 187
semantic map, 40 top-down design, 89
September 11, 209
shape, 158 a faceting approach, 136
Shape of Song, 118 tours in high-dimensional space, 67
shape of song, 118 transforming time events to a sequence, 171
shingling, 148 trees, 80
showing importance, 66 trellis, 55, 148
sidereal time, 1 Twitter, 111
SimCity, 58
size, 157 U
small multiples, 55 units, 2, 103
smooth
local, 36 historical units of time, 1
loess, 36 used in axes, 133
moving average, 37 unusual values, 70
social networking, 111
Solomom, 2 V
SOM, see self-organizing map variable associations, 82
space–time processes, 67 venn diagram, ix
space-filling layout, 199 VizML, xi, 11, 116
spatial data, 144
spectral analysis, 172 W
when to travel, 211
wind speeds, 35
word cloud, 162