Question #1
A ball is rolled along and off a table. Which of the following acts on the ball after it leaves the
table but before it hits the floor?
A. Only the force of the earth’s gravity on the ball
B. Only the force the ball got from being rolled off the table
C. Both the force of the earth’s gravity on the ball and the force the ball got from being
rolled off the table
D. Neither the force of the earth’s gravity on the ball nor the force the ball got from being
rolled off the table
Correct Answer: A
Misconception B & C
An impelling force (impulse or impetus) can become part of an object. For example, the force
involved in throwing or hitting an object becomes part of the thrown or hit object
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Question #2
A person shoves an ice cube off a table. Which of the following acts on the ice cube after it
leaves the table but before it hits the floor?
A. Only the force from the shove on the ice cube
B. Only the force of the earth’s gravity on the ice cube
C. Both the force of the earth’s gravity on the ice cube and the force from the shove on the
ice cube
D. Neither the force of the earth’s gravity on the ice cube nor the force from the shove on
the ice cube
Correct Answer: B
Misconception A & C
An impelling force (impulse or impetus) can become part of an object. For example, the force
involved in throwing or hitting an object becomes part of the thrown or hit object
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Question 3
A tire swing can be made by tying a car tire to a rope and then tying the rope to a tree branch.
What are the forces acting on the tire in the tire swing shown below?
A. Only the pull of the rope on the tire
B. Only the pull of earth’s gravity on the tire
C. Both the pull of the rope on the tire and the pull of earth’s gravity on the tire
D. Neither the pull of the rope on the tire nor the pull of earth’s gravity on the tire
Correct Answer: C
Misconception B&D
Passive objects (stationary rope, tabletop) cannot exert a force.
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Question #4
In the drawing below, the arrows labeled Force 1 and Force 2 represent two forces acting on an
object. The directions of the arrows show the directions of the forces, and the lengths of the
arrows represent the strengths of the forces. Which answer choice shows an object being acted
upon by forces that do NOT add up to zero?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer: B
Misconception A, C, & D
Students add forces without considering the direction of the forces i.e. they add absolute values
to the forces.
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Question #5
In the drawing below, the arrows labeled Force 1 and Force 2 represent two forces acting on an
object. The directions of the arrows show the directions of the forces, and the lengths of the
arrows represent the strengths of the forces.
Which total force is equal to the two forces acting on the object?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Correct Answer: C
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
Students add forces without considering the direction of the forces, i.e., they add absolute
values of the forces
Answer Choice: B
When force arrows are used to represent opposing forces, students think the greater force wins
so that the total force is equal to the value of the greater force (AAAS Project 2061, n.d.).
Answer Choice: D
Two forces in opposite directions will cancel each other no matter what their strengths are
(diSessa, 1993).
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Question #6
An object is moving at a speed of 10 meters per second (m/s). A force begins to act on the
object at exactly 9 o’clock in the morning (9:00 am) and continues to act until 9:06 am. The force
is pushing the object forward. The strength and direction of the force stay the same the entire
time. The force that is pushing the object forward is always greater than any forces slowing the
object down.
Which table (A, B, C, or D) shows what the object's speed might be each minute? Assume that
if a change in speed has occurred, the change is shown in the table.
A.
Time 9:00am 9:01am 9:02am 9:03am 9:04am 9:05am 9:06am
Speed 10 m/s 10 m/s 10 m/s 11 m/s 12 m/s 12 m/s 12 m/s
9:00am 9:01am 9:02am 9:03am 9:04am 9:05am 9:06am
B.
Time
Speed 10 m/s 11 m/s 12 m/s 13 m/s 14 m/s 15 m/s 16 m/s
9:00am 9:01am 9:02am 9:03am 9:04am 9:05am 9:06am
C.
Time
Speed 10 m/s 11 m/s 12 m/s 13 m/s 12 m/s 11 m/s 10 m/s
9:00am 9:01am 9:02am 9:03am 9:04am 9:05am 9:06am
D.
Time
Speed 10 m/s 11 m/s 12 m/s 13 m/s 13 m/s 13 m/s 13 m/s
Correct Answer: B
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
When a force acts on an object in the direction of the object’s motion, the speed of the object
will stay the same for a while and then increase and stay at the new higher speed.
Answer Choice: C
When a force acts on an object in the direction of the object’s motion, the speed of the object
will increase for a while and then slow down.
Answer Choice: D
When a force acts on an object in the direction of the object's motion, the speed of the object
will increase for a while and then level off at the higher speed
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Question #7
A man is pushing a box on a level surface. He is walking at constant speed and pushing with
constant force. The surface is very slippery so the box slides easily, and he is wearing special
shoes so he won’t slip and fall.
Could the box move faster than the man is walking?
A. Yes, but only if he didn't walk fast.
B. Yes, but only if he pushed the box harder and harder.
C. Yes, but only if the force of the push on the box was greater than the force of friction on
the box.
D. No, because if he was pushing with constant force, the box would have to move at
constant speed.
Correct Answer: C
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: B
Increasing speed requires increasing force.
Answer Choice: D
Constant force produces constant speed. Under the influence of a constant force, objects move
with constant velocity
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Question #8
A girl is pulling a wagon on level ground. She is running at constant speed and pulling on the
wagon with constant force.
Could the wagon move faster than the girl is running?
A. Yes, but only if she wasn’t running fast.
B. Yes, but only if she pulled harder and harder.
C. Yes, but only if the force of her pull on the wagon was greater than the force of friction
on the wagon.
D. No, because if she was pulling with constant force, the wagon would have to move at
constant speed.
Correct Answer: C
Misconception
Answer Choice: B
Increasing speed requires increasing force.
Answer Choice: D
Constant force produces constant speed. Under the influence of a constant force, objects move
with constant velocity.
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Question #9
A boy is pulling a sled with a rope on level ground covered with snow. Assume he is running at
constant speed and pulling on the rope with constant force.
Could the sled move faster than the boy is running?
A. Yes, but only if he wasn’t running fast.
B. Yes, but only if the force of the pull on the sled was greater than the force of friction on
the sled.
C. Yes, but only if he was pulling the sled downhill and gravity was helping make it go faster
and faster.
D. No, because if he was pulling with constant force, the sled would have to move at a
constant speed.
Correct Answer: B
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: D
Constant force produces constant speed. Under the influence of a constant force, objects move
with constant velocity.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #10
n the drawing below, the arrows labeled WIND and WATER represent forces acting on a
sailboat during a certain period of time. During this period of time, the force of the wind on the
sailboat is stronger than the force of the water on the sailboat. The directions of the arrows
show the directions of the forces, and the lengths of the arrows represent the strengths of the
forces.
Which statement describes the sailboat's motion while these forces are acting?
A. The sailboat will speed up for a short time and then move at constant speed.
B. The sailboat will speed up for a short time and then slow down.
C. The sailboat will move at constant speed the entire time.
D. The sailboat will speed up the entire time.
Correct Answer: D
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
When a force acts on an object in the direction of the object's motion, the speed of the object
will increase for a while and then level off at the higher speed.
Answer Choice: B
When a force acts on an object in the direction of the object’s motion, the speed of the object
will increase for a while and then slow down.
Answer Choice: C
Constant force produces constant speed. Under the influence of a constant force, objects move
with constant velocity.
PreAssessment
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Question #11
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the motion of a cart that is being pushed on a
level surface?
A. The cart is moving at constant speed if the force of the push is constant and less than
the force of friction on the cart.
B. The cart is moving at constant speed if the force of the push is constant and is greater
than the force of friction on the cart.
C. The cart is moving faster and faster if the force of the push is constant and is greater
than the force of friction on the cart.
D. The cart is moving faster and faster if the force of the push is constant and the same
strength as the force of friction on the cart.
Correct Answer: C
Misconception
Answer Choice: B
Constant force produces constant speed. Under the influence of a constant force, objects move
with constant velocity.
PreAssessment
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Question #12
An object is moving. Every second, the object’s speed is measured. When the clock reads 0
seconds, the object’s speed is 20 miles per hour (mi/hr). When the clock reads 2 seconds, a
single constant force begins to act that slows the object down. This force continues to act during
the time shown in the table.
Clock 0 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec
Row A 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 18 mi/hr 16 mi/hr
Row B 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 18 mi/hr 16 mi/hr 16 mi/hr 16 mi/hr
Row C 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 18 mi/hr 16 mi/hr 14 mi/hr 12 mi/hr
Row D 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 20 mi/hr 14 mi/hr 14 mi/hr 14 mi/hr
Which row of the table could be a correct representation of the object’s speed between 0
seconds and 6 seconds? Assume that if a change in speed has occurred, the change is shown
in the table.
A. Row A
B. Row B
C. Row C
D. Row D
Correct Answer: C
Misconconceptions
Answer Choice: A
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while and then slow down.
Answer Choice: B
When a force acts on a moving object to slow the object down, the object will slow down for a
while and then move at a lower constant speed.
Answer Choice: D
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while, slow down for a while, and then move at a
lower constant speed.
PreAssessment
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Question #13
What will happen to an object if a force that opposes its motion is greater than the force pushing
or pulling it forward?
A. The object will move at constant speed the entire time.
B. The object will move slower and slower the entire time.
C. The object will move at constant speed for a while and then slow down.
D. The object will slow down for a while and then move at constant speed.
Correct Answer: B
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed the entire time.
Answer Choice: C
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while and then slow down.
Answer Choice: D
When a force acts on a moving object to slow the object down, the object will slow down for a
while and then move at a lower constant speed.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #14
At 9 o’clock in the morning (9:00 am), an object is moving at a speed of 10 meters per second
(m/s). It continues to move at that speed. At exactly 9:02 am, a single constant force begins to
act on the object in the direction opposite to the direction of the object's motion. This force
continues to act during the time shown in the table.
Time 9:00 9:01 9:02 9:03 9:04 9:05 9:06
Row A 10 m/s 10 m/s 10 m/s 9 m/s 9 m/s 9 m/s 8 m/s
Row B 10 m/s 10 m/s 10 m/s 10 m/s 10 m/s 9 m/s 8 m/s
Row C 10 m/s 10 m/s 10 m/s 9 m/s 8 m/s 7 m/s 6 m/s
Row D 10 m/s 10 m/s 10 m/s 10 m/s 7 m/s 7 m/s 7 m/s
Which row of the table shows what the object’s speed could be each minute? Assume that if a
change in speed has occurred, the change is shown in the table.
A. Row A
B. Row B
C. Row C
D. Row D
Correct Answer: C
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
When a force acts on a moving object to slow the object down, the object will slow down for a
while and then move at a lower constant speed.
Answer Choice: B
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while and then slow down.
Answer Choice: D
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while, slow down for a while, and then move at a
lower constant speed.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #15
A person is riding a snowmobile in a snowy field. As the snowmobile reaches a frozen lake, the
person turns off the snowmobile’s engine and allows the snowmobile to slide across the lake.
What will happen to the motion of the snowmobile if friction and air resistance act to slow the
snowmobile down?
A. The snowmobile will move slower and slower the entire time it is sliding across the lake.
B. The snowmobile will move at a constant speed the entire time it is sliding across the
lake.
C. The snowmobile will move at constant speed for a while and then slow down as it is
sliding across the lake.
D. The snowmobile will slow down for a while and then move at constant speed as it is
sliding across the lake.
Correct Answer: A
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: B
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed the entire time.
Answer Choice: C
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while and then slow down.
Answer Choice: D
When a force acts on a moving object to slow the object down, the object will slow down for a
while and then move at a lower constant speed.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #16
Which of the following statements is TRUE if a moving object is slowing down?
A. A force within the object must be decreasing.
B. A force that is pulling or pushing the object forward must be decreasing.
C. A force that is causing the object to slow down must be increasing.
D. A force that is causing the object to slow down must be greater than the sum of the
forces that are pulling or pushing the object forward.
Correct Answer: D
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
A moving object has a force within it that keeps it moving.
Answer Choice: B
If an object is slowing down, a force that was moving it forward must be decreasing.
Answer Choice: C
If an object’s speed is decreasing, a force that is retarding the object’s motion must be
increasing.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #17
A school bus is slowing down as it comes to a stop sign.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the forces acting on the school bus while it is
slowing down but still moving forward?
A. As long as the school bus is still moving forward, the forward force of the school bus has
not run out.
B. As long as the school bus is still moving forward, any forces moving it forward would
have to be stronger than any forces slowing it down.
C. If the school bus is slowing down, any forces moving it forward would have to be weaker
than any forces slowing it down.
D. If the school bus is slowing down, any forces moving it forward would have to be the
same strength as any forces slowing it down.
Correct Answer: C
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
Moving objects stop when they run out of force (Twigger et al., 1994). An object’s force can be
used up and must be replenished to maintain activity.
Answer Choice: D
When the force on a moving object is constant, the object will slow down.
PreAssessment
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Question #18
In the drawing below, the arrows labeled WIND and WATER represent forces acting on a
sailboat. The directions of the arrows represent the directions of the forces, and the lengths of
the arrows represent the strengths of the forces. The force of the water on the sailboat is
stronger than the force of the wind on the sailboat the entire time.
Which statement describes the sailboat’s motion while these forces are acting? Assume that the
sailboat does not stop or turn around.
A. The sailboat’s speed will decrease the entire time.
B. The sailboat’s speed will stay the same the entire time.
C. The sailboat’s speed will decrease for a while and then stay the same.
D. The sailboat’s speed will stay the same for a while and then decrease.
Correct Answer: A
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: B
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed the entire time.
Answer Choice: C
When a force acts on a moving object to slow the object down, the object will slow down for a
while and then move at a lower constant speed.
Answer Choice: D
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while and then slow down.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #19
What will happen to a hockey puck that is sliding along the ice if friction is acting?
1. The puck will move slower and slower the entire time.
2. The puck will move at a constant speed the entire time.
3. The puck will move at constant speed for a while and then slow down.
4. The puck will slow down for a while and then move at a slower constant speed.
Correct Answer: A
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: B
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed the entire time.
Answer Choice: C
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while and then slow down.
Answer Choice: D
When a force acts on a moving object to slow the object down, the object will slow down for a
while and then move at a lower constant speed.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #20
A person is riding a snowmobile in a snowy field. Suddenly, a very strong wind begins to blow
toward the oncoming snowmobile, and the wind continues to blow for a while. During the time
the wind is blowing, the force of the wind is greater than the force that is moving the snowmobile
forward.
What will happen to the speed of the snowmobile while the strong wind is blowing?
A. The snowmobile will slow down for a while and then move at a slower constant speed.
B. The snowmobile will move at constant speed for a while, and then slow down.
C. The snowmobile will move at constant speed the entire time.
D. The snowmobile will slow down the entire time.
Correct Answer: D
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
When a force acts on a moving object to slow the object down, the object will slow down for a
while and then move at a lower constant speed.
Answer Choice: B
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while and then slow down.
Answer Choice: C
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed the entire time.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #21
An object is moving forward and no forces are acting on it. Every second, the object's speed is
recorded. When the clock reads 0 seconds, the object's speed is 10 miles per hour (mi/hr).
When the clock reads 2 seconds, a force begins to push the object forward. The force continues
to act until the clock reads 4 seconds and then the force stops acting.
Clock 0 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec
Row A 10 mi/hr 9 mi/hr 8 mi/hr 8 mi/hr 8 mi/hr 7 mi/hr 6 mi/hr
Row B 10 mi/hr 10 mi/hr 10 mi/hr 11 mi/hr 12 mi/hr 13 mi/hr 14 mi/hr
Row C 10 mi/hr 10 mi/hr 10 mi/hr 11 mi/hr 12 mi/hr 12 mi/hr 12 mi/hr
Row D 10 mi/hr 11 mi/hr 12mi/hr 13 mi/hr 14 mi/hr 15 mi/hr 16 mi/hr
Which row of the table could be a correct representation of the object's speed between 0
seconds and 6 seconds? Assume that if a change in speed has occurred, the change is shown
in the table.
A. Row A
B. Row B
C. Row C
D. Row D
Correct Answer: C
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
A force is required to keep an object moving. Objects slow down and stop if a force is not
maintained.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #22
Is it possible for an object to move at constant speed without a force pulling or pushing it?
A. No, a constant force is needed to keep an object moving at constant speed.
B. No, a force is needed to keep an object moving at constant speed, but it doesn’t have to
be a constant force.
C. Yes, an object will move at constant speed unless a force acts to change its motion.
D. Yes, an object will move at constant speed as long as the force inside the object doesn’t
run out.
Correct Answer: C
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
A constant force is needed to keep an object moving at constant speed.
Answer Choice: B
A force is required to keep an object moving. Objects slow down and stop if a force is not
maintained.
Answer Choice: D
A moving object has a force within it that keeps it moving.
Moving objects stop when they run out of force. mAn object’s force can be used up and must be
replenished to maintain activity.
PreAssessment
PostAssessment
Question #23
A ball is thrown straight up into the air. What happens to the ball’s speed as it goes up and as it
comes down?
A. The ball goes up at a constant speed, stops, and then comes down at a constant speed.
B. The ball goes up at a constant speed, stops, and then moves faster and faster as it
comes down.
C. The ball moves slower and slower as it goes up, stops, and then comes down at a
constant speed.
D. The ball moves slower and slower as it goes up, stops, and then moves faster and faster
as it comes down.
Correct Answer: D
PreAssessment
Post Assessment
Question #24
What will happen to an object that is moving forward if a force pushing it backward is greater
than the force pushing it forward?
A. The object will move at constant speed for a while and then slow down and stop.
B. The object will slow down for a while and then move at a slower constant speed.
C. The object will slow down, stop, and then begin to move faster and faster in the opposite
direction.
D. The object will slow down, stop, and then begin to move at a constant speed in the
opposite direction.
Correct Answer: C
Misconceptions
Answer Choice: A
When a force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite the object’s direction of motion,
the object will move at a constant speed for a while and then slow down.
Answer Choice: B
When a force acts on a moving object to slow the object down, the object will slow down for a
while and then move at a lower constant speed.
PreAssessment