Scheme of Answer (Tutorial 1)

1.0 Information Technology Tutorial 1-
Tutorial 10

1.0 Information Technology
1.1 Technology Uses
1.2 Categories of Computer
1.3 Impact of Information Technology on Society
1.4 Information Technology Careers

1. Developments in Information Technology continue to have an impact on the way people live
and work.
(a) Define Information Technology.

Information Technology (IT) is defined as the use of computer hardware and software to
store, retrieve and manipulate information.
2. The applications of Information Technology has a large impact in today’s life.
(a) State two (2) fields of Information Technology.

Education/ Government/ Finance/ Retail/ Entertainment/ Health Care/ Science/
Travel/ Publishing/ Manufacturing
(b) List and discuss two (2) applications for each of the fields mentioned in 2(a).

FIELDS APPLICATION

Education Courseware – An educational material intended as kits for teachers or
Government trainers or as tutorials for students, usually packaged for use with a
Finance computer.
Retail Web based Learning - (explain)
Entertainment Learning Management System- (explain)

e-Penyata Gaji & Laporan - (explain)
MyGoverment - (explain)
e-Filing – A system which allow taxpayer to fill and send the Income Tax
Return Form and estimation form online.

Online Banking – A method of banking in which financial transactions
(access account balances, pay bills, transfer funds & copy mothly
transactions) are conducted electronically via the Internet.
Online Investing - (explain)
Electronic Payment System (EPS)- (explain)

Shopping Apps – These websites or apps are designedto enable
customers to browse and buy a companies’ product and services through
tablet computers and smartphones.
Point of Sale System (Pos) - (explain)

Streaming service - (explain)
Online Gaming – Online gaming or electronic game is played over a
computer network, particularly over the internet can be play through
different platform such as PCs, consoles, smartphones, mobile devices
Virtual Reality Gaming - (explain)

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Health Care Telemedicine - (explain)
Telesurgery -(explain)
Science Medline – A database of life sciences and biomedical information that
Travel includes information for articles from academic journals covering
Publishing medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine and health
Manufacturing care.

Cochlear Implant – It is embedded chip imitates function of a cochlear
and allows a deaf person to distinguish sound.
Electrodes Implant - (explain)
Cardiac Pacemaker Implant - (explain)

Navigation System by Global System (GPS) - (explain)
Online Reservation System - (explain)
E-Ticketing System – An e-ticket is a paperless electronic document
used for ticketing passengers in all major transportation.

E-Book / Digital Book – An electronic version of a printed book,
readable on computers and mobile devices or using a e-book reader.
Digital Publishing - (explain)

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) - (explain)
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) – A system that allows designers to
create, modify, analyze or optimize a design of a product using a
computer program.
Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) - (explain)

3. Information Technology (IT) has brought improvements and had affected the entire of
human life.
(a) Explain one (1) advantage of IT in our life.

Technological advances allow people to find a more efficient way of working, and these
processes produce positive results. For example, education has progressed because of
advances in computers. Students can learn globally without having to leave classrooms.
Online learning in the future may take over the primacy completely.

4. Information Technology is the use of computer hardware and software to manage

information.

(a) List down three (3) basic activities involved in Information Technology.
i. Communication ( email, cell phones, video conferencing, instant messaging and social
networking applications.)
ii. Economic (online shopping, online banking)
iii. Tourism ( reservation / online-booking )

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5. Information Technology is playing an increasingly important role in the work and personal
lives of citizens.
(a) Describe the application of Information Technology in manufacturing.
 Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
o The use of computers to assist with manufacturing processes such as fabrication
and essembly (automative manufacturing, oil drilling, food production, power
generation, etc)
 Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
o A system allows designers to create, modify, analyze or optimize a design of a
product using a computer program.
 Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV)
o Consists of one or more computer-controlled, that runs without the need of a
driver to move materials around a manufacturing warehouse.

6. Information Technology (IT) is one of the tremendous human inventions.
(a) Explain how IT can benefit education.
Educators are using computers to assists with education. Many schools equipped labs
and classroom with computers. Educators may use a courseware, web based learning
and learning management system that would help prepare students for future digital
demands.

(b) Explain two (2) examples of IT usage in the medical field.
a) Telemedicine can be defined as the use of information technology (computers, video,
phone messaging) by a medical professional to diagnose and treat patients in a
remote location.
b) Telesurgery is a surgery in which a surgeon performs an operation on a patient even
though they are not physically in the same location by directing the robots to perform
operations via computers connected to a high speed network.
c) Medline is adatabase of life sciences and biomedical information that includes
information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing,
pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine and health care.

(c) Identify and explain one (1) way IT can be leveraged in banking.
Many people and companies use online banking or online investing to pay bills, track
personal income and expenses, manage investment and evaluate financial plans.

7. Information Technology (IT) is used in virtually every aspect of most individuals’ lives at
home, at school, at work and while on the go.
(a) State three (3) IT usages from the moment you wake up until you go back to sleep
assuming that it is a school day.

i. Phone Alarm to wake up every morning iv. Reading e-News
ii. Phone Clock to know the time to go to class v. Solat Apps for prayer times
iii. Steps Counter to count the step taken

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(b) Explain how IT can assist retailers in their work.
Point of Sale System (POS) acts as retail management system that has capabilities such
as inventory management, membership system, supplier record, bookkeeping, issuing of
purchase order, qoutations and stock transfers, sale reporting etc.

(c) Discuss how Information Technology is applied in e-banking.
E-Banking or online banking is a method in which financial transactions like access
account balances, pay bills, transfer funds and copy monthly transactions are conducted
electronically via the Internet. Examples are Maybank2u, CIMBClicks and Amonline.

8. Information technology has become part of human life now. Various daily activities are

resolved by using this technology.

(a) Give one (1) example of Information Technology application in each of the following
fields.

Field Application

Education Courseware / Web based Learning / Learning
Management System

Finance Online banking /Online Investing /Electronic Payment
System (EPS)

Health Care Telemedicine / Tele surgery / Medline

Tours Navigation System by Global Positioning System (GPS)/
Online Reservation System / E-Ticketing System

Government e-Penyata Gaji & Laporan / MyGoverment /e-Filing

9. Identify the most suitable application of IT based on statements below.

No Statements Application of IT

(i) Computer is used to stimulate a real or imagine Virtual Reality Gaming

environment that appears as 3-dimensional space.

(ii) Users can access account balances, pay bills and view Online Banking

monthly statement via CIMB Clicks.

(iii) People can read newspaper using their mobile devices. Digital Publishing

(Digital/Online
Newspaper)

10. Information Technology (IT) applications can be used by many sectors such as education,
finance, travels and government.
(a) State one (1) reason why IT applications can harm human.
 Health Risk
 Environment
 Unemployement
 Violation of Privacy

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(b) Explain two (2) ways how IT can give benefit travelers.

i) As you make the journey, you may interacts with a navigation system or GPS
which uses satellite signals to determine a geographic location.

ii) In preparing for a trip, you may need to reserve a car, hotel or flight. Many
websites offers these services to the public when you can search and compare
flights and prices, order online tickets or reserve a rental car.

11. Information technology (IT) is an integral part of life at school, home and work. This
technology can enable you to more efficiently and effectively access and search for
information, share ideas, photos or videos.
(a) Explain how information technology can affect health negatively.
Prolonged and improper use of technology can lead to some important health issues as :
 Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) is a disorder of the muscles, nerves, joint and
ligaments and most often affects the upper parts of the body such as hands,
necks, wrists, elbows.
 Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a technology related health condition that
affects eyesight.
 Physcological mental health such as poor self-confidence, enxiety, depression
due to excessive use of technology.

 Hearing loss due to growing use of ear buds and headphones.

(b) State the most suitable application of IT for each of the statements below:

Application of IT Statements
Computer is used to simulate a real or imagine environment
Virtual Reality that will appear as 3-dimensional space.
Gaming Users can access account balances, pay bills and view
monthly transactions online.
Online Banking Users can read newspaper online.

Digital Publishing Students can obtain lecture notes through Internet access.
(Digital/Online
Newspaper)

Learning
Management
System

12. E & Team Company is an insurance company that is based in United Kingdom. The company
will be dealing with various kinds of information and transaction throughout the nation
every single day. The company is equipping with a few categories of computers.
(a) Identify the most suitable categories of computers that are used in E & Team Company.

Mainframe Computer

(b) Justify one (1) reason of using the category of computer mentioned in 12(a).
Mainframes are often used in businesses that manage large amounts of data for
examples insurance companies to process insurance claims of millions of policyholders.

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Describe one (1) capability of supercomputer.

Supercomputer capable of processing many trillions of instructions in a single second. It
can store more than 20,000 times data and information of an average desktop computer.

13. List three (3) types of personal computers.
i. Desktop Computer
ii. Laptop Computer

iii. Tablet Computer

14. Differentiate the two (2) categories of computers in terms of their size and cost.

Computer Category 1 Computer Category 2

i. Size i. Size
Full room of equipment Partial room to a full room of
equipment

ii. Cost ii. Cost
Expensive but
The most expensive computers of supercomputer. less than
the world.
It start at $30,000.
It can cost billion to million dollars.

15. Describe the categories of computer given below and explain the speed of the computer.

Category Description Speed

Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most Capable of processing
expensive computer and used for may trillions of

applications requiring complex, instructions in a
sophisticated mathematical calculations single second, faster

such as large-scale simulations and that a mainframe and
applications in medicine, aerospace, a personal computer.

automative design, online banking,
weather forecasting, nuclear energy
research and petroleum exploration.

Mainframe Powerful computer

A large, expensive powerful server that that handle hundreds
can handle hudreds or thousands of or thousands of
connected user simultaneously (multi- connected user

user). simultaneously at the
same time, slower

than supercomputer
but faster than a

personal computer.

Personal Various, depending

Computer A computer that can perform all its on memory and
input, processing, output and storage processors, slower

activities by itself and is intended to be than a computer and
used by one person at a time. a mainframe.

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16. Identify the categories of computers that are being described below.

Descriptions Computer Category
A computer that is used as a daily device to do editing, writing Personal Computer
and reading articles.
This computer keeps track of patient’s and doctor’s schedule Mainframe
and test results of the patient confidentiality in a hospital.

17. The following table characterizes different categories of computer. Specify the suitable

category of computer based on the given description:

Description Categories of Computer

Can perform all activities of input, processing, output and Personal Computer

storage by itself.

Can process many trillions of instructions in a single

second. Supercomputer

Stores programs and data permanently on special memory Personal Computer

inside the system unit or on small storage such as memory

card.

Powerful computers used primarily by financial Supercomputer

institutions for their critical applications.

A network of multiple computers that communicate with Personal Computer
each other in order to achieve a goal. They are
independent and do not physically share memory or
processors.

18. State two(2) differences between personal computer and mainframe based on

below characteristics:

Characteristics Personal Computer Mainframe

Physical Size Fit on a desk (Desktop Partial room to a full room of

Computer) and fit on the lap, equipment

palm and pocket (Laptops &

Tablets)

Storage Various, depending on the size Can store tremendous amounts

of a hard drive size of data, instructions and

(Desktop/Laptop) information, enterprises are able

Small storage media (Tablet) to bill millions of customers,

prepare payroll for thousands of

employees and manage millions

of items in inventory.

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19. Differentiate between supercomputer and mainframe based on its physical size, speed and
storage.

Supercomputer Mainframe
Physical size Full room of equipment
Partial room to a full room of
equipment

Speed Capable of processing may Powerful computer that handle
Storage trillions of instructions in a hundreds or thousands of connected
single second, faster that a user simultaneously at the same
mainframe and a personal time, slower than supercomputer
computer. but faster than a personal computer

Can store more than 20,000 Can store tremendous amounts of
times data and information of data, instructions and information,
an average desktop computer enterprises are able to bill millions
of customers, prepare payroll for
thousands of employees and manage
millions of items in inventory.

20. Information Technology (IT) has helped in shaping both the business world and our society

in general, however it has also its advantages and disadvantages if it is not managed wisely.

Identify and compare two (2) advantages of IT in the field of business and provide its

disadvantages as given in the example.

Advantages Disadvantages

Example : Example:
Human automation Job elimination

Use Online Banking to purchase Violation of Privacy
products and services. Example : Attackers try to steal the password
Example : Maybank2u to access the online bank account and transfer
into their own account.
Use of computer, tablet and
smartphones in marketing and sales. Environment Pollution
Example : Maxis gives tablet for each Example : When computers and mobile devices
workers are discarded in landfills or burned, they can
release toxic materials and potentially
dangerous levels of lead and mercury.

21. Variety of applications in Information in Information Technology (IT) are useful in 8
education, finance, business, health care, science, publishing, travel and manufacturing
fields.
(a) Explain two (2) advantages of IT usage in the publishing field.
Advantage of IT usage in the publishing field
i) Many publishers of books, magazine, newspapers, music, film and video make
their works available online. An E-book / Digital Book is an electronic version of
a printed book, readable on computers and mobile devices or using a e-book
reader.
ii) Organizations and individuals publish their thoughts and ideas using a blog,
podcast or wiki.

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(b) Mr. Daniel plans to visit South Korea for a vacation. Give one(1) example of an IT
application and state its purpose that can help him to plan his vacation.

Example of Application Purpose

Online Transportation and accommodation reservation can be
Reservation System done through a Web site such as online flight booking,
online hotel booking and online car reservation.
Example, Agoda, Traveloka

(c) State one (1) difference between personal computer and supercomputer.

Personal Computer Supercomputer
Physical Size : Physical Size :
Fit on a desk (Desktop Computer) and fit Full room of equipment
on the lap, palm and pocket (Laptops &
Tablets) Speed :
Speed :  Capable of processing may trillions of
 Various, depending on the memory and
instructions in a single second, faster
processors. that a mainframe and a personal
 Slower than a mainframe and computer.
 Slower than supercomputer but
supercomputer. faster than a personal computer.
Storage :
Storage : Can store more than 20,000 times data
Various, depending on the size of a hard and information of an average desktop
drive size (Desktop/Laptop) computer
Small storage media (Tablet) Larger storage than a mainframe and a
personal computer.
Smaller storage than a supercomputer and
a mainframe.

22. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) nowadays has facilitated the way people
communicate and connect without any restrictions.
Discuss the ways in which the following technologies are used in healthcare field.

Technology The ways ICT is used in healthcare field
Centralized
Database Hospitals and doctors use computers and mobile devices to maintain and
Social Media access patient records.

Telesurgery Doctors use email, text messaging and other communication services to
corresponds with patients.

Surgery in which a surgeon performs an operation on a patient even
though they are not physically in the same location by directing the robots
to perform operations via computers connected to a high speed network.

23. Explain two (2) examples of IT applications for each stated field.
(a) Entertainment:

i. Streaming service :
An online provider of entertainment (music, movie, videos) that delivers the content
via an Internet connection to the subscriber’s computer, TV or mobile device.

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ii. Online Game :
Online gaming or electronic game is played over a computer network, particularly
over the internet can be play through different platform such as PCs, consoles,
smartphones, mobile devices

iii. Virtual Reality Gaming :
A new generation of computer games with virtual reality (VR) technology that gives
players a truly immersive, usually achieved through a variety of VR gaming devices
and accessories, including VR headsets, sensor-equipped gloves, hand controllers and
more.

(b) Government:

i. E-Penyata Gaji & Laporan :

Enables government servants to access their monthly pay slips and annual income
statement via the internet at anytime and anywhere they need with ease.
ii. MyGoverment :
A single gateway that provides access to an integrated information and online services
across government agencies using life event and citizen centric approach.
iii. E-Filing :
A system which allow taxpayer to fill and send the Income Tax Return Form and
estimation form online.
24. Identify the categories of each computer based on the given scenario:

Scenario Category of Computer
(a) Siva uses a dedicated function computer system in real Mainframe

time computing electrical system. Supercomputer

(b) Adam uses the currently highest processing computer Personal Computer
for specific and engineering applications in order to Personal Computer
handle his job scope as a database engineer.

(c) Evelyn needs a general-purpose computer to complete
her assignment.

(d) Jacky Chan visits his customer at several places where
he needs a computer which can be operated at any
time easily.

25. Social media applications are widely used by the community in the field of education,
business and entertainment. Examples of popular social media are Facebook, Twitter,
WhatsApp and Instagram.

(a) Explain two (2) positive impacts of social media usage in the government sector.

Positive Impact 1 Crisis communication
The spread of COVID-19 is unprecedented in almost every aspect for
the public sector, including communications. Public information
agencies are being asked to provide regular updates in uncertain
times to an anxious public.

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Positive Impact 2 Save money
Traditional public outreach is expensive. Social media can
dramatically cut those costs.Instead of spending on advertising,
government entities can now leverage more cost-efficient social
platforms to raise awareness about issues the public needs to know
about. After all, these are platforms their audience already uses.

(b) Explain one (1) negative implication of social media usage in the government sector.

Fraud and Scams – Many individuals have scammed and commit fraud through the

social media.

26. Business and government organizations of all sizes use a variety of computers, mobile

devices, and other technology.

Describe three (3) career opportunities available in various segments of the computer
industry.

i. Web Developer :
Analyze, develops and supports the functionality of website, including applications that
often interact with databases or other online resources.

ii. Database Administrator :
Create and maintains the data dictionary; monitors database performance.

iii. Games Designer/Programmer :
Design games and translates designs into a program or app using an appropriate
application development language.

27. Technology has changed society today as much as the industrial revolution changed society
in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
(a) Sky Pacific Airline is a low cost airline operating where its headquarters is in Kuala
Lumpur.
i. Explain one (1) way how Information Technology could be used by the airlines
to facilitate their passengers.
Online flight ticket can be done throught a Web site. Customer can buy even
choose a seat from airlines website such as Airasia and Malaysia Airlines.

ii. Identify and state the most suitable category of computer used by the Sky Pacific
Airline.
Mainframe

iii. Describe your reason of choosing the computer category based on your answer
in 27 (a) (ii).
Mainframe are often used in business that manage large amounts of data for
example airlines companies to manage thousands of flight reservation.

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28. Mobile apps make shopping more convenient. It enable users to manage rewards, use
coupons or make direct purchase from a phone or other mobile devices.

(a) Identify two (2) types of field mentioned in the above statement.
Retails and Finance.

(b) Suggest one (1) tip for user to enjoy a safe and productive online shopping.
 Research retailers online to make sure they're legitimate.

 Make sure the website is secure.
 Know your rights and the company's returns policy.

 Keep software and virus protection up-to-date and use strong passwords
for online accounts.

 Don't use public Wi-Fi.

(c) The following table characterizes different categories of a computer. Specify the
suitable category of computer based on the given description.

Description Categories of Computer
Supercomputer
Able to process large scale simulations such as
nuclear energy research and petroleum Mainframe
exploration. Supercomputer
Personal Computer
This type of computer is designed to handle very
high volume of input and output.

End user operates this type of computer rather
than by a computer expert or computer technician.

Some of this computer storage capacity is so
enormous that it is the equivalent of 227,000 miles
of stacked book.

29. Differentiate mainframe, personal computer and supercomputer based on their usage and

speed capabilities.

Category Usage Speed Capabilities

Mainframe Often used in businesses that Powerful computer that handle
manage large amounts of data. hundreds or thousands of
For example, hotels to manage connected users simultaneously at
thousands of room bookings, the same time, slower than a
airlines companies to manage supercomputer but faster than a
thousands of flight reservations personal computer.

etc.

Personal Used for home and office Various, depending on the
Computer environment, web browsing and memory and processors, slower
e-mail, playing movies or games than a supercomputer and a
etc. mainframe.

Supercomputer Used for applications requiring Capable or processing many

complex, sophisticated trillions of instructions in a single
mathematical calculations such second ; faster than a mainframe
and a personal computer.
as nuclear energy research,
petroleum exploration, weather

forecasting, online banking, etc

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30. Identify three (3) job titles and responsibilities for various technology jobs.

Job Title Responsibilities
Database Designer Specifies the structure, interface and requirements of a large-scale
database; determines security and permission for users.

System Analyst Works closely with users to analyze their requirements, designs and
System Programmer develops new information system and incorporates new
technologies.

Installs and maintains operating system software and provides
technical support to the programming staff.

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