Grammar Map note

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ABSTRACT NOUN: A NOUN DENOTING AN
IDEA, QUALITY OR STATE RATHER THAN A
CONCRETE OBJECT

GERUND: A FORM THAT IS DERIVED NO
FROM A VERB BUT FUNCTION AS A
NOUN, IN ENGLISH ENDING WITH
-ING

COMPOUND NOUN: A NOUN THAT MADE
UP OF TWO OR MORE WORDS. THE FIRST
WORD IS EITHER MODIFIED BY A NOUN OR
AN ADJECTIVE.

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COMMON NOUN: A NOUN DENOTING A
CLASS OF OBJECTS OR A CONCEPT AS
OPPOSED TO A PARTICULAR INDIVIDUAL

OUN PROPER NOUN: A NAME USED FOR
AN INDIVIDUAL, PLACE OR
ORGANIZATION, SPELLED WITH
INITIAL CAPITAL LETTERS

COLLECTIVE NOUN: A NOUN THAT
DENOTES A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS,
ANIMALS OR THINGS

NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPLE
1 ABSTRACT
Emotion
Idea
Thought

2 COMMON

Apple
Bread
School

3 PROPER

Jack Sparrow
London Zoo
Thursday

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SENTENCE

Do not play with one’s emotion.
I have an idea!
I have a bad thought about the game.

I ate an apple.
She likes bread.
They hate to go to the school.

The main character in the movie is Jack Sparrow.
London Zoo is closed by the authority.
I have an interview on this Thursday.

4 COLLECTIVE A flock of sheep
5 COMPOUND A bunch of grapes
6 GERUND A herd of cows
A pack of wolves
A litter of kittens

Playground
Blackboard
Homework

Planning
Jogging
Stalking

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He is in charge of a flock of sheep.
They ate that bunch of grapes.
I can see a herd of cows from here.
They were hunted by a pack of wolves.
She left me a litter of kittens.

My parents brought me to the playground yesterday.
The teacher writes something on the blackboard.
I haven’t done my English homework.

The planning is remarkable!
The jogging makes me feel healthier.
The secret agent still goes with the stalking.

ROEFCTIPHREDOOOCTANHLEEPRRSONOUN: DONE TO EACH DEMONSTRATIVE PRO
SHOWING PRONOUN

INDEFINITE PRONOUN: PRONOUN THAT IS PRON
NOT REFERRING TO ANY PERSON,
AMOUNT OR THING IN PARTICULAR

INTERROGATIVE PR
PRONOUN USED TO

RELATIVE PRONOUN:

PRONOUN REFERS TO THE ONE YOU
MEAN

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ONOUN: PERSONAL PRONOUN: PRONOUN THAT SHOWS
N CONTRASTS OF PERSON, GENDER, NUMBER
AND CASE

NOUN POSSESSIVE PRONOUN: PRONOUN THAT
SHOWS OWNERSHIP

RONOUN:
O ASK QUESTION

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN: PRONOUN THAT
REFER TO SUBJECT

NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMP
1 RECIPROCAL Each other
2 DEMONSTRATIVE One another

3 PERSONAL This
These
That
Those

I
You
We
They
He
She
It

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PLE SENTENCE
We love each other.
They trust one another.

This is my house.
These are my books.
That is my opinion.
Those are my relatives.

I have a meeting right now.
You are my best friend.
We stay here for the night.
They are looking for me.
He is a handsome man.
She is awesome!
It is your responsibility.

4 POSSESSIVE My, Your, Our, Their
Her, Its

5 REFLEXIVE Myself, Yourself, Our
Themselves, Himself
Herself, Itself

6 INTERROGATIVE Who, When, Where,
Whose, Whom

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r, His, My father works as a salesperson.
Your mother is a good cook.
rselves, Our neighbourhood is a safe place.
f, Their house was damaged in the storm.
His brother is a criminal.
Which, Her father is very fierce.
Its tail is short.
I can do it myself.
Please take the meal yourself.
We can go there by ourselves.
They build the minaret themselves.
He injured himself.
She made the cake herself.
It fell by itself.
Who is the owner of this restaurant?
When are you coming?
Where are you heading to?
Which one is your car?
Whose handbag is this?
To whom should I give this wallet?

7 RELATIVE Who, When, Where,
8 INDEFINITE Whose, Whom

Somebody
Anybody
Anything
None

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Which, This is the man who hired me yesterday.
It feels weird when you bump into your ex-wife.
Kota Bharu is the place where we are going.
Padini is the shop which I went with my brother
yesterday.

Somebody need to make that important
decision.
Flying fox activity can be done by anybody.
Anything can happen in politics.
It is none of my business.

COMPARES 3 OR BLACK AND WHITE-
MORE THINGS CAT, PHOTO, TV

SUPERLATIVE A GROUP OF
THAT DESCRIB
1/2 SYLLABLES

+ EST ADJECTIVE P
CLEANEST
ADJEC
Y ENDING:
+ IEST IRREGULAR
BAD
DIRTIEST M
LITT
3 > SYLLABLES GOO

ADD ‘MOST’
THE MOST
INTELLIGENT

IRREGULAR: THE BEST

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

A GROUP OF WORDS WITH A …WHO IS WEARING
VERB THAT DESCRIBES A A BASEBALL CAP?
NOUN

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YOUNG HANDSOME-
BOY, MAN

F WORDS ADJECTIVE THAT DESCRIBES A NOUN
BE A NOUN CLEAN
PHRASE DIRTY
INTELLIGENT
CTIVE
COMPARES
D-WORSE-WORST 2 THINGS
MUCH MORE MOST
COMPARATIVE
TLE LESS LEAST
OD-BETTER-BEST 1/2 SYLLABLES
+ ER
CLEANER

Y ENDING:
+ IER

DIRTIER

3 > SYLLABLES

ADD ‘MORE’
MORE

INTELLIGENT
IRREGULAR: GOOD-BETTER

NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD E
1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE Wearing…Ba

2 ADJECTIVE PHRASE Adjective Phr

Determiner, P
Appearance,
Age, Colour,
Material, Qua

Young…Han

3 COMPARATIVE/COMPARISON OF Cleaner

ADJECTIVE Dirtier

4 SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE Cleanest
5 IRREGULAR ADJECTIVE Dirtiest
The best
1. Bad-Worse

2. Much-More

3. Little-Less

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EXAMPLE SENTENCE
aseball cap Wearing baseball cap?

rase Order: Young handsome man.

Physical My house is cleaner than yours.
, Size, Shape, The restaurant is dirtier than that one.
Origin,
alifier

ndsome

e-Worst The class is the cleanest.
e-Most My car is the dirtiest.
s-Least I want to be the best teacher in the world.
1. She is a bad girl.

But, Hawa is worse than her.
Aziz is the worst.
2. I hate him so much.
I hate him more.
I hate him the most.

4. Good-Bett

6 ADJECTIVE THAT DESCRIBES A Clean
NOUN Dirty
Intelligent

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ter-Best 3. Let’s have a little rest.
I have less rest.
I have the least rest among my friends.

4. I feel good.
I feel better.
This is the best feeling that I ever had.

My car looks clean.
That is a very dirty plate.
He is an intelligent boy.

TELL WHY- PURPOSE

TELL WHEN-TIME MODIFY A
ADJECTIVE OR

ADVER

ADV

TELL WHERE-PLACE
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TELL HOW OFTEN-FREQUENCY

A VERB, TELL HOW IT IS DONE- MANNER
R ANOTHER
RB

VERB

TELL TO WHAT DEGREE/LEVEL

NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMP
1 TELL WHY- PURPOSE To avoid
To get
2 TELL HOW OFTEN- To remember
FREQUENCY Often
Never
3 TELL HOW IT IS DONE- Always
MANNER Sometimes
Hardly
4 TELL TO WHAT Carefully
DEGREE/LEVEL Quickly
Beautifully
Bare
Scarce
Almost
Near
Quite
Just

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PLE SENTENCE

We need to avoid overslept.

Sylvia needs to get an A for her Literature paper.

It is hard to remember important dates.

We often forget to call our parents.

You should never reveal your identity!

We must always smile.

Life is unpredictable, sometimes.

She tries to settle her problems hardly.

Please handle the package carefully.

He quickly rode his bike.

He build the yatch model beautifully.

He picked up the rubbish with his bare hands.

They ate the scarce food.

Goats will eat almost anything.

The plant was near dead when I got it.

I am quite capable of doing it myself.

it is just a figure of speech

5 TELL WHERE-PLACE Here
6 TELL WHEN-TIME There
Everywhere
Outside
Upstairs
Afterwards
Before
Yet
Still

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I am here to help you.
Go to your room and stay there.
This new book is awaited by fans everywhere.
The house looks nice from the outside.
My father is upstairs.
Afterwards, he got his promotion.
He left just before sunrise.
I have not read the book yet.
I am still waiting for your book submission.

THE SPECIFIC SINGULAR
COUNTABLE

A / AN GENERAL

NO

PLURAL
THE SPECIFIC

GENERAL ARTIC

TYPES OF ARTICLES

A/An (Indefinite): ZERO ARTICLE
1. Singular
2. General statement USED WHEN A NOUN IS
3. Expression of price, NOT PRECEDED BY A
speed and ration DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE)
4. Expression/idioms OR INDEFINITE ARTICLE
(A/AN)

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SPECIFIC THE

UNCOUNTABLE GENERAL

OUN
TO GENERALISE

CLES MODIFY NOUN ALSO CALLED
DETERMINERS

TO PARTICULISE

The (Definite):
1. To be mentioned before
2. The only thing
3. Superlative
4. Name of countries, rivers,
oceans, musical instruments,
canals, desert, forests, lakes etc.

NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMP
A
1
SINGULAR- GENERAL An
(COUNTABLE)
INDEFINITE

2

3 SINGULAR/PLURAL- The
SPECIFIC(COUNTABLE)

SPECIFIC (UNCOUNTABLE)

DEFINITE

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PLE SENTENCE
I took a picture at the beach.
She was a very gorgeous girl.
He buys a book from the bookstore.
Aiman works as an engineer.
I want to be an entrepreneur.
She was an actress.
That man is the culprit for this damage.
The baby cries day and night.
I am not going to be the bridesmaid for the
wedding.

DECLARATIVE MOOD
STATEMENT

INTERROGATIVE IS/ARE/WAS
QUESTIONING AM/HAS/HA

IMPERATIVE AUXI
INSTRUCTION
VER
PASSIVE VOICE
INFINITIVE
OBJECT ACTIVE TO + VERB
PERFORMS SUBJECT
PERFORMS
ACTION ACTION

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S/WERE/ TELL US WHAT ACTION
AVE/HAD IS HAPPENING
ILIARY
SHOW MENTAL/PHYSICAL ACTION
RB BEING

E DOING
B FEELING
SAYING

TRANSITIVE
WITH OBJECT

INTRANSITIVE
WITHOUT
OBJECT

PARTICIPLE A WORD FORMED FROM A
VERB AND USED AS AN
ADJECTIVE OR A NOUN

PRESENT

NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMP
1 MOOD Declarative
Interrogative
2 AUXILIARY Imperative
Is/Are/Was/Were/Am
Have/Had

3 SHOW MENTAL/PHYSICAL Being-Am/Is/Are

ACTION Doing-Eat/Drink

Feeling-Love/Hate

Saying-Speak/Talk

4 TRANSITIVE With object

5 INTRANSITIVE Without object

6 PARTICIPLE Present
7 INFINITIVE Past
To

8 VOICE Active
Passive

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PLE SENTENCE
m/Has I eat an apple.
Do you eat an apple?
Eat your apple.
I am eating an apple.
I have a meeting later.
I had a breakfast just now.
He is a genius.
I eat too many apples.
I hate her.
We will talk about that later.
I eat an apple.

The bell rings.

I eat my dinner silently.
I have eaten my dinner.
The Prime Minister wants to strengthen bilateral
tie with Thailand.
I drive the Lamborghini.
The Lamborghini is driven by me.

NO PREPOSITION

LAST, NEXT,
THIS, EVERY

PREPOS
(TIM

ON

DAYS DATE

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AT

FOR PRECISE
TIME/OTHER

SITION
ME)

IN
LONGER PERIOD

OTHER

AFTER SOME TIME

NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMPL
1 NO PREPOSITION Last
2 AT Next
This
3 IN Every
For precise time :
At seven o’clock
At 12.15 p.m.
At midnight
Other :
At the moment
At the same time
Longer Period:
In January
In 2018
In 21st century
After Some Time:
In the morning
In the afternoon
In the evening

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LE SENTENCE
Last school holiday, I went to Pulau Langkawi.
Next Monday, I have a camping.
This coming summer is so exciting!
Every weekend, I will go back to my parents’ house.

I need to go home at seven o’clock.
Meet me at the canteen at 12.15 p.m.
The church bell rang at midnight.

She does not want to see me at the moment.
We arrived home at the same time.

The course will be held in January.
I arrived at Singapore in 2018.
We are living in the 21st century.

I met the principal in the morning.
We have Physics class in the afternoon.
We play football in the evening.

4 ON Other:
In 5 minutes
In four weeks
Date:
On 31st December
On 12 August
Days:
On Saturday
On Hari Raya

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See me in five minutes!
The form will be processed in four weeks.

The marathon will be held on 31st December.
We got married on 12 August.

Our Family Day is held on Saturday.
I cannot wait to see you on Hari Raya.

Preposition Of
Manner:

With/In

PREPOS

(OTH

Preposition Of
Similarity:

As…as

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Preposition Of
Location/Position:

In/On/At/By/Near/Beside/Behin
d/Between/Under/Next To/Over

SITION

HERS)

Preposition Of Direction:

From/Along/Past/Though/Into/
Out Of/Down/Up/Towards

NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMP
1 PREPOSITION OF MANNER With
2 PREPOSITION OF In
In
LOCATION/POSITION On
At
3 PREPOSITION OF By
DIRECTION Near
Beside
Behind
Between
Under
Next to
Over
From
Along
Past
Through
Into
Out Of

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PLE SENTENCE

Please stay with me!

She puts five dollars in my pocket.

The school is located in the village area.

I put the bag on the table just now.
“Meet me at the library”

We walked by the sea shore.

My house is near the post office.

The police station is beside the mall.

He put the note behind me.

I stand between the two tall guys.

I never put my money under the pillow.

Mira parks her car next to mine.

The airplane flies over my head.

I get this form from the counter.

I drove along Jalan kasturi.

I went past the KWSP building.

I walk through the crowd.

Amran went into the office confidently.

Get out of here!

4 PREPOSITION OF Down
SIMILARITY Up
Towards
As…..as…….

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Please put the gun down!
The hot balloon go up to the sky.
He walks towards me.
The item is as good as new.
He runs as fast as lightning.

ADV

OUGHT TO SHOULD/S
OUGHT NOT TO NOT

EXPRESSION OF MOD
NECESSITY OR
POSSIBILITY

COULD (PAST)

ABILITY MUST

REQUEST

PERSONAL DEDU
OBLIGATION

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VICE ABILITY
REQUEST
SHOULD PROBABILITY
T
CAN

DALS MIGHT

MUST NOT WEAK PROBABILITY
MAY

POLITE REQUEST
PROBABILITY

UCTION PROHIBITION

NO. ATTRIBUTE WORD EXAMP
1 ADVICE Should/Should Not

2 ABILITY Can
REQUEST Might
PROBABILITY

3 WEAK PROBABILITY

4 POLITE REQUEST May
PROBABILITY Must Not

5 PROHIBITION

6 DEDUCTION Must
PERSONAL OBLIGATION Could

7 REQUEST
ABILITY

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