Blue Science Portfolio

QUIZ:​ Isotopes
Name: Alyson Hennessey
Date: 2/6/18
Directions​ construct a graph that will help you determine the age of fossils.

*Corrections Made*

I​ sotope A Percent Isotope
Years

0 100

5730 50

11,460 25

17,190 12.5

22,920 6.25

28,650 3.125

34,380 1.06

40,110 .5

45,840 .25

51,570 .125

57,300 0

Hint: Remember to add gridlines

Graph: ​(place graph here)

Questions: (Use your graph above to answer the questions below)
1. How old is the following fossil?
Fossil A - 73% of Isotope A remaining

Around 5,000 years old
2. How old is the following fossil?
Fossil B - 15% of Isotope A remaining

Around 20,000 years old

3. What percentage of Isotope A is remaining if the fossil is 1200 years old?
(Use your graph)
Around 90% remaining

Average Atomic Mass Calculations

1. Naturally occurring chlorine that is put in pools is 75.53 percent 35Cl (mass = 34.969
amu) and 24.47 percent 37Cl (mass = 36.966 amu). Calculate the average atomic mass
of chlorine.
35 X 0.7553 + 37 X 0.2447
26.4 + 9.1
35.5 average amu

2. Calculate the atomic mass of silicon. The three silicon isotopes have atomic masses and
relative abundances of 27.9769 amu (92.2297%), 28.9765 amu (4.6832%) and 29.9738
amu (3.0872%).
28 X 0.92 + 29 X 0.05 + 30 X 0.03
25.76 + 1.45 + 0.90
28.11 average amu

Writing:
Use one of the examples above to discuss how you determine the number of neutrons for each
isotope. You also need to discuss how the %abundance contributed to the Average Atomic
Mass of the element. (HINT: Think of the M&M Lab!)
Key Vocabulary 
Key Terms to use: I​ sotope,​ nucleus​, neutrons, a​ verage atomic mass, Mass%, M&Ms, protons, atomic 
number, element, however, therefore, additionally, for instance, in conclusion, data, % abundance 

 
 

In problem 1, the task was to find the average atomic mass of chlorine. To
determine the number of neutrons for each isotope, you need to find the number of
nucleuses there will be with the chlorine. Knowing this you can then determine how to
gather your data. For instance, the problem stated “35Cl” and “37Cl”. This illustrates the
number of neutrons for each isotope in the nucleus. Knowing this you can then conduct
and set up an equation of multiplying the number of neutrons number by the percentage
abundance from the atomic mass unit and adding both isotopes together to get your
average atomic mass. In problem 1, i used the equation 35 X 0.7553 + 37 X 0.2447
since you have to multiply the number of neutrons by the percentage abundance with
the decimal point over to the left two times to move it to the hundredths place. The
percentage abundance contributes to the average atomic mass of the element because
multiplying these two together can result in the average atomic mass. In conclusion this
was helpful and was also shown in our M&Ms experiment that we did.

Velocity Story

Name: Alyson Hennessey Date: 2/12/18

Directions:​ Work in a group to tell a story of a classmate in motion. You must include 3 turns
(change in direction) and 3 different velocities. Your story must also have an amount of time
where the classmate does not move. What did the person do when they stopped? Where were
they going?

Data Table:

Example: Velocity = Distance/Time
V = 12 m/3 sec
V = 4 m/sec.

Description Distance (m) Time (sec.) Velocity (m/s)
Tobias and amy running 4.1 m/s
Katrina skipping 19.81 m 4.8 sec 1.6 m/s
Aly jumping 1.1 m/s
Aidan walking 15.85 m 9.8 sec 1.1 m/s

3.7 m 3.5 sec

9. 14 m 8.7 sec

Graph:​ (X-axis is Time; y axis is Distance)

Story:
The students were frightened that Mr. Lopez was gonna catch them and make

them recite the periodic table of elements! In the moment of fear, starting at Mr.Lopez’s
classroom door, Amy and Tobias sprinted 19.81 meters down to Mrs. Goodwin’s room in
the flicker of a light of a baffling 4.8 seconds in time. However, Katrina wasn’t worried.
She had a marvelous grade-an A+! She knew her elements well enough. Out of
excitement, Katrina skipped 15.85 meters from Mrs. Goodwin’s room to the green hall
staircase for 9.8 seconds, until she realized she couldn’t go upstairs and had to go back
to her science class to learn further. Following this, Aly tried to ditch class in the
horrifying event of a quiz review, walking steadily down the hallway, until Mr. Lopez came
out with a ball of H2O, and threw it at Aly! In the heat of the moment, Aly dodged the
liquid element by jumping over it. This took 3,5 seconds overall, Aly only traveling 3.7
meters away from the buzzing classroom until she had to go back. Before the day ended,
and since Mr. Lopez used up all the water in his classroom throwing it at Aly in the
efforts to bring her back in, Aidan was exhausted of dehydration, and needed some H2O
himself. It took Aidan 9.14 meters to get to the water fountain in a record time of 8.7
seconds. All in all, it was a wild day and a lot of movement in Dodd Middle School that
day, and the children eventually learned the elements with the encouraging help from
their teacher.

Velocity Project 2018

Due: Wednesday night February 21,2018

1. Define the following terms and include pictures if possible:

Motion-​the action or process  Speed-​a way of measuring  Position-​its location relative 

of something moving or  how quickly something is  to a reference point (or origin 
of a coordinate system). 
changing place, or even just  moving or being done, or  Position is a vector quantity 
because it does have a 
changing position something moving fast direction

Distance-a​ sca72qlar  Acceleration-i​ s defined as  Terminal Velocity-​the 

quantity that refers to "how  the rate of change (or  constant speed that a freely 
falling object eventually 
much ground an object has  derivative with respect to  reaches when the resistance 
of the medium through which 
covered" during its motion time) of velocity it is falling prevents further 
acceleration

Time-A​ continuous,  Initial Velocity-T​ he initial  Displacement-​a chemical 

measurable quantity in which  velocity,v​i​ is the velocity of  reaction in which an atom, 
events occur in a sequence  the object before 
proceeding from the past  radical, or molecule replaces 
through the present to the  acceleration causes a change
future another in a compound

Velocity-i​ s defined as a  Final Velocity-​the final  Key Metric units-A​ decimal 

vector measurement of the  velocity is the velocity at the  system of weights and 
measures based on the meter 
rate and direction of motion  final point of time as a unit of length, the 
kilogram as a unit of mass, 
or, in simpler terms, the rate  and the liter as a unit of 
volume
and direction of the change in 

the position of an object. The 

scalar (absolute value) 

magnitude of the velocity 

vector is the speed of the 

motion

2. What is the difference between Speed and Velocity? Explain using an example
in your own words.

The difference between speed and velocity is that velocity is the that speed goes in a
certain direction, while speed does not have any direction. This is because speed refers to how
fast an object is moving by being calculated by the displacement of space per unit of time, while
velocity refers to the rate at which an object changes position in a certain direction, and thus is
calculated by the displacement of space per a unit of time although in a certain direction as well.

3. Pick 2 cities (minimum 500 miles apart) in the United States or world and

construct a data table and graph showing the amount of hours that it would take
to travel between the 2 cities with the following modes of transportation:
Cities: from London to Germany (553.3 mi) via A44-(car)

A. Fastest Runner
14 hours

B. Model T Ford
14 hours

C. Hindenburg
9 hours

D. Tesla top speed
9 hours

E. Fastest train
2 hours

F. F35 Fighter Jet
0.75 hours

G. Helicopter
4 hours
*Provide a map showing your cities

*Show Detailed Math Steps

4. What would like to see in this city when you arrive? What tourist attraction?
What restaurant would you like to visit in this city? Provide pictures
What is the basic history of this city?

In germany I would like to see Palmengarten which is a botanical garden that has
lots of pretty flowers to look at. In london I would like to see big ben which is a huge
clock tower and I would like to ride the Big E because it is a really big ferris wheel. A
restaurant in Germany tha​ t i would​ like to go to is Aqua. Aqua is a fancy restaurant that
has a 4.7 star rating and has vegetarian options. A restaurant in London I would like to
go to is Liman Restaurant. It is a cozy casual place and it has a 4.6 star rating. T​ he
history of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman
commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as
Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul which he had conquered. Some history of
london i​ s Greater London's historic core and today is its primary financial district, 
though it now represents just a tiny part of the wider metropolis.

5. Determine and graph an 18% increase in Velocity for each vehicle - Show how
the Times would be affected by the increase in speed. Show a double bar graph
with the 2 different times for each vehicle.
*Include pictures and brief description of each mode of transportation

6. Use a math calculation to show how long it would take the F 35 Fighter Jet to
get to 92, 600, 000 miles

A. Sun
T = d/v
T = 9.26 x 107​ m​ iles/1.2 x 10​3​ mph
T = 7.75 x 104​ ​ hours
T = 77, 500/24 = 3229 days

B. Saturn
C. Neptune

(Use scientific notation)

Unit 1: Uniform Motion Name: Alyson Hennessey
Worksheet 8 Date: February 15, 2018

Speed and Velocity Problems

1. What is the average speed of a cheetah that sprints 100 m in 4 s? How about if it sprints
50 m in 2 s?

V = D/T
V = 100 m/4 s

V = 25 m/s

V = D/T
V = 50 m/ 2 s
V = 25 m/s

It’d be the same for both if the cheeta sprinted at 100m/4s or 50m/2s

2. If a car moves with an average speed of 60 km/hr for an hour, it will travel a distance of 60
km. How far will it travel if it continues this average rate for 4 hrs?

V = D/T
V = 60 km/4 hrs

V = 15 km/hr

3. A runner makes one lap around a 200 m track in a time of 25.0 s. What was the runner's
average speed? Answer: 8.0 m/s

V= D/T
V= 200m/25s
V= 8.0 m/s

4. Light and radio waves travel through a vacuum in a straight line at a speed of very nearly 3.00
×​ 108​ ​ m/s. How far is light year (the ​distance​ light travels in a year)? Answer: 9.50 ×​ ​ 10​15​ m.

D=V*T
D = 3.00 x 108​ ​ m​ /s * 3.15 x 10​7​ s

D = 9.45 x 10​15 m​

5. A motorist travels 406 km during a 7.0 hr period. What was the average speed in km/hr and
m/s? Answers: 58 km/hr, 16 m/s.

V = D/T
V = 406 km/7 hr
V = 58 km/hr = 16 m/s

6. A bullet is shot from a rifle with a speed of 720 m/s. What time is required for the bullet to
strike a target 3240 m away? Answer: 4.5 s.

T= D/V
T = 3240m/720m/s

T = 4.5 s

7. Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. The speed of light is 3.0 ×​ ​ 108​ ​ m/s. In

kilometers, how far is the earth from the sun? Answer: 1.5 ×​ ​ 10​8​ km.

D=V*T

D = 3.0 x 108​ ​ m/s * 498 s

D = 1494 m -- 1.5 x 10​8​ km

8. *An auto travels at a rate of 25 km/hr for 4 minutes, then at 50 km/hr for 8 minutes, and
finally at 20 km/hr for 2 minutes. Find the total distance covered in km and the average speed
for the complete trip in m/s. Answers: 9 km, 10.7 m/s.

D = VxT
D = 25km/60minx4min

1.67km
D = 50km/60minx8min

6.67km
D = 20km/60minx2min

0.67km
D = 1.67km+6.67km+0.67km

9km
9 kilometers
9km/14min

V = D/T
V = 9,000m/840s

V = 10.7m/s
V = 10.7 meters per second

9. *If you traveled one mile at a speed of 100 miles per hour and another mile at a speed of 1
mile per hour, your average speed would not be (100 mph + 1 mph)/2 or 50.5 mph. What would
be your average speed? (Hint: What is the total distance and total time?) Answer: 1.98 mph.

T=D/V
T=1m/100mph

T=0.01h

V=D/T
V=2m/1.01h
V=1.98mph
1.98 miles per hour

10. *What is your average speed in each of these cases?
a. You run 100 m at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk 100 m at a speed of 1.0
m/s.

T=D/V
T=100m/5m/s

T=20s
T=100m/1m/s

T=100s

V=D/T
V=200m/120s

V=1.67m/s
1.7 meters per second

b. You run for 100 s at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk for 100 s at a speed of
1.0 m/s. Answers: 1.7 m/s, 3.0 m/s.

D=VxT
D=5m/sx100s

D=500m
D=1m/sx100s

D=100m

V=D/T
V=600m/200s

V=3m/s

11. *A race car driver must average 200 km/hr for four laps to qualify for a race. Because of
engine trouble, the car averages only 170 km/hr over the first two laps. What average speed
must be maintained for the last two laps?

V=D/T
200km/hr=(170km/hr+Vkm/hr)/2
200km/hr=85km/hr+(Vkm/hr)/2

115km/hr=(Vkm/hr)/2
230km/hr=Vkm/hour

230 kilometers per hour

12. *A car traveling 90 km/hr is 100 m behind a truck traveling 50 km/hr. How long will it take
the car to reach the truck?

T=D/V
90=50+10HR

40=10HR
4=HR

13. The peregrine falcon is the world's fastest known bird and has been clocked diving
downward toward its prey at constant vertical velocity of 97.2 m/s. If the falcon dives straight
down from a height of 100. m, how much time does this give a rabbit below to consider his next
move as the falcon begins his descent?

V=D/T
T=D/V
T=100m/97.2m/s
T=1.03s
1.03 seconds

More Speed and Velocity Problems

Hans stands at the rim of the Grand Canyon and yodels down to the bottom. He hears his yodel
back from the canyon floor 5.20 s later. Assume that the speed of sound in air is 340.0 m/s.
How deep is the canyon?

V=D/T
D=VxT
D=340m/sx5.2s
D=1768m
D=884m
884 meters

The horse racing record for a 1.50 mi. track is shared by two horses: Fiddle Isle, who ran the
race in 143 s on March 21, 1970, and John Henry, who ran the same distance in an equal time on
March 16, 1980. What were the horses' average speeds in:

c. mi/s?

V=1.5mi/143s
V=0.01mi/s

d. mi/hr?

V=36m/hr

For a long time it was the dream of many runners to break the "4-minute mile." Now quite a few
runners have achieved what once seemed an impossible goal. On July 2, 1988, Steve Cram of
Great Britain ran a mile in 3.81 min. During this amazing run, what was Steve Cram's average
speed in:

e. mi/min?

V=1mi/3.81min
V=0.26mi/min

f. mi/hr?

V=15.75mi/hr

It is now 10:29 a.m., but when the bell rings at 10:30 a.m. Suzette will be late for French class
for the third time this week. She must get from one side of the school to the other by hurrying
down three different hallways. She runs down the first hallway, a distance of 35.0 m, at a speed
of 3.50 m/s. The second hallway is filled with students, and she covers its 48.0 m length at an
average speed of 1.20 m/s. The final hallway is empty, and Suzette sprints its 60.0 m length at a
speed of 5.00 m/s.

g. Does Suzette make it to class on time or does she get detention for being
late again? speeds

V=D/T
T=D/V
T=35m/3.5m/s
T=10s
T=48m/1.2m/s
T=40s
T=60m/5m/s
T=12s
T=62s
She will make it to class in 1 minute 2 seconds, she will be late

h. Draw a distance vs. time graph of the situation. (Assume constant
for each hallway.)

During an Apollo moon landing, reflecting panels were placed on the moon. This allowed
earth-based astronomers to shoot laser beams at the moon's surface to determine its distance.
The reflected laser beam was observed 2.52 s after the laser pulse was sent. The speed of light is
3.0 ×​ ​ 10​8​ m/s. What was the distance between the astronomers and the moon?

V=D/T
D=VxT

D=3x10(8)x2.52s
D=7.56x10(8)

For many years, the posted highway speed limit was 88.5 km/hr (55 mi/hr) but in recent years
some rural stretches of highway have increased their speed limit to 104.6 km/hr (65 mi/hr). In
Maine, the distance from Portland to Bangor is 215 km. How much time can be saved in making
this trip at the new speed limit?

T=D/V
T=215km/88.5km/hr

T=2.43hr
T=215km/104.6km/hr

T=2.06hr
0.37 hours

The tortoise and the hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The tortoise
crawls the entire 1000. m distance at a speed of 0.2000 m/s while the rabbit runs the first 200.0 m
at 2.000 m/s The rabbit then stops to take a nap for 1.300 hr and awakens to finish the last 800.0
m with an average speed of 3.000 m/s. Who wins the race and by how much time?

T=D/V
T=1000m/0.2m/s

T=5,000s

T=200m/2m/s
T=100s
T=78min
T=4687s

T=800m/3m/s
T=267s
T=5054s

The tortoise won by 54 seconds

Two physics professors challenge each other to a 100. m race across the football field. The loser
will grade the winner's physics labs for one month. Dr. Rice runs the race in 10.40 s. Dr. De La
Paz runs the first 25.0 m with an average speed of 10.0 m/s, the next 50.0 m with an average
speed of 9.50 m/s, and the last 25.0 m with an average speed of 11.1 m/s. Who gets stuck
grading physics labs for the next month?

V=D/T
T=D/V
T=25m/10m/s
T=2.5s
T=50m/9.5m/s
T=5.26s
T=25m/11.1m/s
T=2.25s
T=10.01
Dr. Rice loses

Unit 1: Uniform Motion Name Alyson Hennessey
Worksheet 8 Date2/28/18 Period S3

Speed and Velocity Problems

1. What is the ​average speed​ of a cheetah that sprints ​100 m in 4 s? ​ How about if it sprints
50 m in 2 s?

2. If a car moves with an average speed of 60 km/hr for an hour, it will travel a distance of
60 km. How far will it travel if it continues this average rate for 4 hrs?

3. A runner makes one lap around a 200 m track in a time of 25.0 s. What was the runner's
average speed? Answer: 8.0 m/s

4. Light and radio waves travel through a vacuum in a straight line at a speed of very nearly
3.00 ​×​ 7

5. A motorist travels 406 km during a 7.0 hr period. What was the average speed in km/hr
and m/s? Answers: 58 km/hr, 16 m/s.

6. A bullet is shot from a rifle with a speed of 720 m/s. What time is required for the bullet
to strike a target 3240 m away? Answer: 4.5 s.

7. Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. The speed of light is 3.0 ​×​ 10​8​ m/s.

In kilometers, how far is the earth from the sun? Answer: 1.5 ​×​ 10​8​ km.

D = V*T

D = (3.0x108​ ​m/s)(500 sec)

D = 1500.0x10​8m​ = 1.5x101​ 1​m = 1.5x108​ k​ m
8. *An auto travels at a rate of 25 km/hr for 4 minutes, then at 50 km/hr for 8 minutes, and
finally at 20 km/hr for 2 minutes. Find the total distance covered in km and the average
speed for the complete trip in m/s. Answers: 9 km, 10.7 m/s.

9. *If you traveled one mile at a speed of 100 miles per hour and another mile at a speed of
1 mile per hour, your average speed would not be (100 mph + 1 mph)/2 or 50.5 mph.
What would be your average speed? (Hint: What is the total distance and total time?)
Answer: 1.98 mph.

10. *What is your average speed in each of these cases?
a. You run 100 m at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk 100 m at a speed of 1.0
m/s.
b. You run for 100 s at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk for 100 s at a speed of
1.0 m/s. Answers: 1.7 m/s, 3.0 m/s.

11. *A race car driver must average 200 km/hr for four laps to qualify for a race. Because of
engine trouble, the car averages only 170 km/hr over the first two laps. What average
speed must be maintained for the last two laps?

12. *A car traveling 90 km/hr is 100 m behind a truck traveling 50 km/hr. How long will it
take the car to reach the truck?

13. The peregrine falcon is the world's fastest known bird and has been clocked diving
downward toward its prey at constant vertical velocity of 97.2 m/s. If the falcon dives
straight down from a height of 100. m, h​ ow much time d​ oes this give a rabbit below to
consider his next move as the falcon begins his descent?

T = D/V
T = 100m/97.2m/s
T = 1.02 seconds

More Speed and Velocity Problems

14. Hans stands at the rim of the Grand Canyon and yodels down to the bottom. He hears his
yodel back from the canyon floor 5.20 s later. Assume that the speed of sound in air is
340.0 m/s. How deep is the canyon?

D = V*T
D = 340 m/s * 2.6 sec
D = 884 m

15. The horse racing record for a 1.50 mi. track is shared by two horses: Fiddle Isle, who ran
the race in 143 s on March 21, 1970, and John Henry, who ran the same distance in an
equal time on March 16, 1980. What were the horses' average speeds in:
a. mi/s?
b. mi/hr?

16. For a long time it was the dream of many runners to break the "4-minute mile." Now
quite a few runners have achieved what once seemed an impossible goal. On July 2,
1988, Steve Cram of Great Britain ran a mile in 3.81 min. During this amazing run, what
was Steve Cram's average speed in:
a. mi/min?
b. mi/hr?

17. It is now 10:29 a.m., but when the bell rings at 10:30 a.m. Suzette will be late for French

class for the third time this week. She must get from one side of the school to the other

by hurrying down three different hallways. She runs down the first hallway, a distance of

35.0 m, at a speed of 3.50 m/s. ​ The second hallway is filled with students, and she covers

its ​48.0 m length at an average speed of 1.20 m/s. ​ The final hallway is empty, and

Suzette sprints its 6​ 0.0 m length at a speed of 5.00 m/s.

a. Does Suzette make it to class on time or does she get detention for being

late again?

b. Draw a distance vs. time graph of the situation. (Assume constant speeds

for each hallway.)

T = D/V

T = 35m/3.5m/s

T = 10 s

T = D/V
T = 48m/1.2m/s
T = 40 sec.

T = D/V
T = 60m/5m/s

T = 12 sec.

10 + 40 + 12 = 62 seconds

18. During an Apollo moon landing, reflecting panels were placed on the moon. This
allowed earth-based astronomers to shoot laser beams at the moon's surface to determine
its distance. The reflected laser beam was observed 2.52 s after the laser pulse was sent.
The speed of light is 3.0 ​×​ 10​8​ m/s. What was the distance between the astronomers and
the moon?

D = V*T
D = (3.0x10​8m​ /sec.)(1.26 sec.)
D = 3.78x10​8​m
378,000,000.0m or 378,000km

19. For many years, the posted highway speed limit was 88.5 km/hr (55 mi/hr) but in recent
years some rural stretches of highway have increased their speed limit to 104.6 km/hr (65

mi/hr). In Maine, the distance from Portland to Bangor is 215 km. How much time can
be saved in making this trip at the new speed limit?

20. The tortoise and the hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The
tortoise crawls the entire 1000. m distance at a speed of 0.2000 m/s while the rabbit runs
the ​first 200.0 m at 2.000 m/s ​ The rabbit then stops to take a nap for 1.300 hr and
awakens to finish the last 800.0 m with an average speed of 3.000 m/s. Who wins the
race and by how much time?

T = d/v
T = 1000m/0.2m/s
T = 5000sec.

Rabbit
T = d/v
T = 200m/2m/s

t = 100 sec.

T = d/v
T=
T=

T = d/v
T=
T=

21. Two physics professors challenge each other to a 100. m race across the football field.
The loser will grade the winner's physics labs for one month. Dr. Rice runs the race in
10.40 s. Dr. De La Paz runs the first 25.0 m with an average speed of 10.0 m/s, the next
50.0 m with an average speed of 9.50 m/s, and the last 25.0 m with an average speed of
11.1 m/s. Who gets stuck grading physics labs for the next month?

Dr. Rice
T = D/V
T = 100m/10.4s

T=

Dr. DeLaPaz
T = D/V
T = 25m/10m/s
T=

T = D/V
T = 50m/9.5m/s
T=

T = D/V
T = 25m/11.1m/s
T=

Acceleration Worksheet. Name: Alyson
Date: 2/26/18
Hennessey

14.2 Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change in the speed of an object. To determine the rate of acceleration,
you use the formula below. The units for acceleration are meters per second per second or m/s2.

A positive value for acceleration shows speeding up, and negative value for acceleration shows
slowing down. Slowing down is also called d​ eceleration.​

The acceleration formula can be rearranged to solve for other variables such as final speed (​v2​ )
and time (t​ )​ .

EXAMPLES

1. A skater increases her velocity from 2.0 m/s to 10.0 m/s in 3.0 seconds. What is the skater’s
acceleration?

Looking for Solution
Acceleration of the skater

The acceleration of the skater is 2.7 meters per
second per second.

Given
Beginning speed = 2.0 m/s
Final speed = 10.0 m/s
Change in time = 3 seconds

Relationship

2. A car accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2. If its original speed is 8.0 m/s, how many seconds will it
take the car to reach a final speed of 25.0 m/s?

Looking for Solution
The time to reach the final speed.

`

The time for the car to reach its final speed is 5.7
seconds.

Given
Beginning speed = 8.0 m/s; Final speed = 25.0 m/s
Acceleration = 3.0 m/s2
Relationship

1. While traveling along a highway a driver slows from 24 m/s to 15 m/s in 12 seconds. What is the
automobile’s acceleration? (Remember that a negative value indicates a slowing down or
deceleration.)

A = (V2 - V1)/T2

A = (15 m/s - 24 m/s)/12 Sec.

A = -9 m/s/12 sec.

A = -0.75 m/s

2. A parachute on a racing dragster opens and ​changes the speed o​ f the car from​ 85 m/s to 45 m/s ​in
a period of ​4.5 seconds. ​What is the acceleration of the dragster?

A = (V2 - V1)/T

A = (85 m/s - 45 m/s)/4.5 s

A = 40 m/s/4.5 s

A = 8.9 m/s

3. The table below includes data for a ball rolling do wn a hill. Fill in the missing data values in the
table and determine the acceleration of the rolling ball.

Time (seconds) Speed (km/h)

0 (start) 0 (start)

23

6

9

8

10 15

Acceleration = ___________________________

4. A car traveling at a speed of​ 30.0 m/s e​ ncounters an emergency and comes to a c​ omplete stop.
How much time will it take​ for the car to​ stop​ if it ​decelerates at -4.0 m/s2?

T = V2 - V1/A

T = 0 - 30 m/s/-4 m/s

T = -30 m/s-4 m/s

T = 7.5 sec

5. If a car can go f​ rom 0​ ​to 60 mi/hr​ i​ n 8.0 seconds, w​ hat would be its​ final speed​ ​after 5.0 seconds
if its s​ tarting speed​ were 5​ 0 mi/hr?

V2 = V1 + (A * T)
V2 = 50 mi/hr + (60 mi/hr * 8 s)
V2 = 22.352 m/s + (26.822 m/s * 8s)
V2 = 22.325 m/s + 214.6 m/s
V2 = 236.9 m/s

6. A cart rolling down an incline for 5​ .0 seconds​ has an a​ cceleration of 4.0 m/s2. ​If the cart has a
beginning speed of 2.0 m/s, w​ hat is its f​ inal speed?

V2 = V1 + (A * T)
V2 = 2 m/s + (4 m/s * 5 sec)
V2 = 2 m/s + 20 m/s
V2 = 22 m/s

7. A helicopter’s​ speed increases from 25 m/s to 60 m/s in 5 seconds.​ What is the a​ cceleration ​of
this helicopter?

A = V2 - V1/T
A = 60 m/s - 25 m/s/5 s
A = 35 m/s/5 s

A = 7 m/s

8. As she climbs a hill, a cyclist​ slows down from 25 mi/hr to 6 mi/hr in 10 seconds. ​What is her
deceleration?

D = V2 - V1/T
D = 6 mi/hr - 25 mi/hr/10 s
D = 2.68 m/s - 11.17 m/s/10 s
D = -8.49 m/s/10 s
D = -0.85 m/s

9. A motorcycle traveling at 25 m/s accelerates at a rate of 7.0 m/s2 for 6.0 seconds. What is the
final speed of the motorcycle?

10. A car starting from rest accelerates at a rate of 8.0 m/s/s. What is its final speed at the end of 4.0
seconds?

11. After traveling for 6.0 seconds, a runner reaches a speed of 10 m/s. What is the runner’s
acceleration?

12. A cyclist accelerates at a rate of 7.0 m/s2. How long will it take the cyclist to reach a speed of 18

m/s?

13. A skateboarder traveling at 7.0 meters per second rolls to a stop at the top of a ramp in 3.0
seconds. What is the skateboarder’s acceleration?

QUIZ: Motion

Name:​ Alyson Hennessey Date:​ 3/1/18

Formulas:

A= v2 −v1 V2 = V1 + (a * T) T= V2−V1
T2 a

1. After traveling for ​14.0 seconds,​ a bicyclist reaches a speed of ​ 89 m/s.​ What is the runner’s
acceleration?

A = V2 - V1/T2
A = 89 m/s - 0 m/s/14 sec
A = 89 m/s/14 sec
A = 6.4 m/s2

2. A car​ starting from rest accelerates​ at a rate of​ 18.0 m/s/s.​ What is its​ final speed​ at the end of
5.0 seconds?

V2 = V1 + (A * T)
V2 = 0 + (18 m/s/s * 5 sec)
V2 = 18 m/s/s * 5 sec
V2 = 90 m/s/s

3. A cyclist a​ ccelerates​ at a rate of 1​ 6.0 m/s2. How long ​will it take the cyclist to reach a ​speed
of 49 m/s?

T = V2 - V1/A
T = 49 m/s - 0/16 m/s2
T = 49 m/s/16 m/s2
T = 3.1 sec

3. During an Apollo moon landing, reflecting panels were placed on the moon. This allowed
earth-based astronomers to shoot laser beams at the moon's surface to determine its distance.
The reflected laser beam was observed​ 4.6 seconds​ after the laser pulse was sent. The ​speed of
light is 3.0 ​×​ 10​8​ m/s. W​ hat was the d​ istance between​ the astronomers and the moon?

D=V*T

D = (3.0 * 108​ ​ m/s)(500 sec)

D = 1500.0 * 10​8 m​

D = 1.5 * 108​ ​km

Directions:​ Choose ​4​ or 5

4. It is​ now 10:29 a.m.,​ but when the ​bell rings at 10:30 a.m. ​Suzette will be late for French class
for the third time this week. She must get from one side of the school to the other by hurrying
down three different hallways. She runs down the ​first hallway, a distance of 65.0 m, at a
speed of 5.2 m/s. ​The ​second hallway​ is filled with students, and she covers its 3​ 2.0 m length
at an average speed of 1.46 m/s. ​ The ​final hallway ​is empty, and Suzette sprints its ​60.0 m
length at a speed of 7.3 m/s.
a. Does Suzette make it to class on​ time ​or does she get detention for being late again?

1st Hallway
T = D/V
T = 65 m/5.2 m/s
T = 12.5 sec
2nd Hallway
T = D/V
T = 32 m/5.2 m/s
T = 6.2 sec
3rd Hallway
T = D/V
T = 60 m/7.3 m/s
T = 8.2 sec

12.5 + 6.2 + 8.2 = ​26.9 sec
a) 60 sec - 26.9 sec = 33.1 sec:​ yes, S​ uzette makes it to class on time with 33.1 seconds to
spare, therefore is not late and does not need detention again.

5. The tortoise and the hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The tortoise
crawls the entire 1000. m distance at a speed of 0.35 m/s while the rabbit runs the first 200.0
m at 1.85 m/s The rabbit then stops to take a nap for 1.200 hr and awakens to finish the last
800.0 m with an average speed of 4.2 m/s. Who wins the race and by how much time?

6. What is the Acceleration of the Cart on the Ramp? Determine the Angle of the Ramp (A).

Angle Chart: h​ ttps://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Which Angle had the greatest Acceleration? Write a Conclusion based on your findings. Create
a Graph if you have time.

Height of

Ramp Velocity Velocity
2 Acceleration
(Opposite) Dist. 1 Time 1 1 Dist. 2 Time 2

50 m 100 m 10 sec. 10 m/s 100 m 5 sec. 20 m/s 1.5 m/s

100 m 100 m 5 sec. 20 m/s 100 m 2 sec. 50 m/s 10.3 m/s

A = V2 - V1/T A = V2 - V1/T

A = 20 m/s - 10 m/s/6.7 sec A = 50 m/s - 20 m/s/2.9 sec

A = 10 m/s/6.7 sec A = 30 m/s/2.9 sec

A = 1.5 m/s A = 10.3 m/s

Graph:

Conclusion:

The Ramp with the height of 100 meters has a greater acceleration than the ramp with the height
of 50 meters by about 6.9 meters per second. Also, if you do opposite divided by hypothesis,
then you get sin.

EXTRA CREDIT:

Light from the another star in the galaxy reaches the earth in 46 minutes. The speed of light is
3.0 ×​ ​ 108​ ​ m/s. In k​ ilometers,​ how far is the earth from the star?
Answer must be in scientific notation
46 minutes = 2760 seconds 8280 meters = 8.28 kilometers

D=V*T

D = (3.0 * 10​8​ m/s)*(2760 sec)
D = 8280.0 * 10​8​m
D = 8.28 * 10​8​km

Potential Energy Project
Due: Friday 3/17

Define and make note cards or QUIZLET for the following words:

Energy Joules Chemical Potential Law of Conservation
The strength and The SI unit of work or Energy of Energy
vitality required for energy, equal to the The energy stored in The total energy of
sustained physical or work done by a force the chemical bonds an isolated system
mental activity of one newton when of a substance remains constant-it is
its point of application said to be conserved
moves one meter in over time
the direction of action
of the force, This law means that
equivalent to one energy can neither be
3600th of a watt-hour created nor
destroyed; rather, it
can only be
transformed from one
form to another

Kinetic Energy Kilojoules Elastic Potential Gravity
Energy that a body A unit of measure of Energy The force that
possesses by virtue energy, in the same The potential energy attracts a body
of being in motion way that kilometers stored as a result of toward the center of
measure distance deformation of an the earth, or forward
elastic object, such any other physical
as the stretching of a body having mass
spring

Potential Energy Gravitational Mechanical Energy
The energy Potential Energy The sum of potential
possessed by a body The energy an object energy and kinetic
by virtue of its has due to its position energy. It is the
position relative to above earth, energy energy associated
others, stresses due to its height, with the motion and
within itself, electric measured in GPE position of an object
chane, and other
factors

Resource: h​ ttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy

Determine the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) of 3 different masses (g) at 3 different
heights.
3 objects: Y​ ou, African Elephant, Chevy Camaro (research the masses)

*2.2 lbs = 1 kg

Data Table:

object Mass (kg) gravity height GPE
59 9.8 5 2891
Alyson 5909 9.8 5 289541

African 1865.5 9.8 5 91385
Elephant 59 9.8 100 57820
5909 9.8 100 5790820
Camaro
1865.5 9.8 100 1828190
Alyson 59 9.8 562 324948.4
5909 9.8 562 32544408
African 1865.5 9.8 562 10274427.8
Elephant

Camaro

Alyson

African

Camaro

Your data table will need: Object, mass, gravity, height, GPE

Videos: h​ ttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5JeLiSBqQY
*Video shows you how to use the GPE equation.

Determine the GPE of one of the masses on the following planets:
Star Wars Planet #1 - 17% greater than Earth’s Gravity
Star Wars Planet #2 - 39% less than Earth’s Gravity
Star Wars Planet #3 - 82% greater than Earth’s Gravity

*Use the height of your favorite Roller Coaster. You will use this to figure out the
Velocity at the bottom of the hill on the Star Wars Planets.

Calculations:
Choose 3 planets from the Star Wars Universe and use 3 different

Examples:

A. Star Wars Planet #1

B. Star Wars Planet #2:

C. Star Wars Planet #3:

D. Star Wars Planet #4

Data Table: mass (kg) gravity (9.8 m/s2) H1 = 5 m GPE (J)
0.4534 9.8 5 22.2166 J
Object 0.0572 9.8 5
Stapler 2.8028
Ninja Turtle 0.4775 kg 9.8 5
Katrina's water 23.3975
bottle
GPE (J)
Object mass (kg) gravity (9.8 m/s2) H2 = 15 m 66.6498
1 0.4534 9.8 15 8.4084
2 0.0572 9.8 15 70.1925
3 0.4775 9.8 15

Object mass (kg) gravity (9.8 m/s2) H1 = 25 m GPE (J)
1 0.4534 9.8 25 111.083
2 0.0572 9.8 25 14.014
3 0.4775 9.8 25

Use the formula: GPE = mass * acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2) * height of object

Graph:

X - axis: Planet
Y -axis: Potential Energy

Critical Thinking Questions:
1. What factors affect Gravitational Potential Energy?

The factors that affect an object's gravitational potential energy are its height relative to some
reference point, its mass, and the strength of the gravitational field it is in.

2. Why did the GPE change on the other planets?
The GPE changed in different planets because each planet had a different gravity, thus
affecting the acceleration on the rollercoaster.

3. Which planet would you be able to hit a golf ball further? Explain using data.
The planet that I would be able to hit a golf ball the furthest would be Naboo. This is because it
has the farest/fastest velocity of 34.31 meters per second. This means that the golf ball would
travel a great distance in a short amount of time, depending on its mass, which is 1.620 ounces,
also known as 0.04593 kg. All in all, the gravity and the mass contribute to the velocity and how
far the golf ball would travel.

4. How does GPE relate to Chemical Potential Energy?
Firstly, Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is the energy an object has due to its position in a
gravitational field. You can increase GPE by increasing height above ground. Two objects at the
same height, the one with the greater mass will have more GPE. GPE also depends on mass.

Chemical potential energy is potential energy stored in chemical bonds. Gasoline and the food
that you eat are examples. GPE and CPE both have and rely on kinetic energy to have a
reaction.

5. How do Energy companies use GPE to generate Electrical Energy? Give an example

For example, let's say that this water has GPE. First, the water runs down pipes
(potential to kinetic energy) to turn the turbine. Then, the turbine is connected to a
generator to produce electricity (kinetic to electrical energy).

6. What happens to the GPE when the object falls to the ground? Describe the Energy
transformations along the way. Use a diagram.

When an object is above the Earth's surface it has gravitational potential energy (GPE). The
amount of GPE an object has depends on its mass and its height above the Earth's surface.
When an object falls it transfers GPE to KE (kinetic energy).

Worksheet 1:
http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078600510/student_view0/unit1/chapter4/math_practice_2.html
Worksheet 2:​ ​http://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/ssp/HK1MSW65.PDF

*We will use our information to see how a roller coaster would be different on those planets.

FINAL PART - Roller Coaster Physics

Objective:
1. When energy is transformed, the total amount of energy stays constant (is conserved).
2. Work is done to lift an object, giving it gravitational potential energy (weight x height). The
gravitational potential energy of an object moving down a hill is transformed into kinetic
energy as it moves, reaching maximum kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill.

Determine the velocity of a full roller coaster of riders at the bottom of the largest hill. You can
use the following roller coasters:
Watch these Videos for help:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg
Use either:

GPEt​ op​ = KE​bottom

Comprehension Questions

10 questions

Your Results:

Multiple Choice: 7/7 (100%)

Written Response Needs Grading

1. 1​A rollercoaster car at the top of the hill, an archer preparing to release an arrow,
and a lake that sits above a dam are all examples of what kind of energy?

○ potential energy
○ kinetic energy
○ gravitational energy
○ consumption of energy
2. 2W​ hat does the author describe in the passage?

○ the history of human energy use in the United States
○ the ways in which potential energy is converted to kinetic

energy
○ the best reasons to build new dams in the American

Southwest
○ the consequences of drought for people who rely on dams
3. 3​The conversion of stored potential energy into kinetic energy can also be
harnessed to power homes, factories and entire cities. Which example from the

text supports this conclusion?

○ the softball pitcher
○ the slingshotting comet
○ the archer
○ the Hoover Dam
4. 4W​ hich of the following conclusions is supported by the text?

○ Nuclear power is the most efficient kind of energy for powering
cities.

○ Professional athletes should study the science of energy to

play better.
○ Dams power cities by converting stored potential energy into

kinetic energy.
○ Drought is a serious problem for farmers in the American

Southwest.
5. 5​What is this passage mainly about?

○ The movement of comets through our solar system.
○ The scientific forces behind our favorite roller-coasters.
○ The unusual properties of water molecules in rivers.
○ The conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy.
6. 6​Read the following sentences: “The Arizona and Nevada spillways are two

means by which the waters of Lake Mead can escape the dam. As the lake water

tumbles over the walls into as​ pillway​, potential energy is instantly converted into

kinetic energy.”

7. As used in the passage, what does the word “s​ pillway​” mean?

○ A place where water flows over the top of a dam, creating
energy.

○ A place where water accidentally spills, causing problems for
engineers.

○ A place where water flows underground, into tunnels.
○ A place where water flows into nearby farms, watering crops.
8. 7​Choose the answer that best completes the sentence below.

9. “The conversion of stored potential energy into kinetic energy can be harnessed

to power homes, factories and entire cities. __________, the Hoover Dam

provides power to California, Nevada and Arizona.

○ Even though
○ Initially
○ For instance
○ However
10. 8​How does the Hoover Dam provide power to California, Nevada and Arizona?

11. The Hoover Dam provides power to California, Nevada and Arizona by
harnessing

12. the converted potential energy of Lake Mead.

13.
14. 9W​ hat two factors determine the energy production of the Hoover Dam?

15. How much water is required downriver from the dam and the water levels
of Lake

16. Mead determine the energy production of the Hoover Dam.
17.
18. 10E​ xplain why the prolonged period of drought (a time where there is little rain,

and little water flowing into rivers and lakes) would cause the Hoover Dam to

generate much less energy since 2009. Use evidence from the text to support

your answer.

19. Students should communicate that if there is a drought, then Lake Mead
will have

20. less water. If Lake Mead has less water, then there will be less potential
energy stored in Lake Mead. If there is less potential energy, then there will
be less kinetic energy created by water flowing through the

21. Hoover Dam
22.

23.

QUIZ REVIEW2:​ GPE/KE

Scenario:​ You are an engineer for a major engineering firm that will design the lift motor and
safety restraints for the next roller coaster on the planet Hoth in Star Wars. ​ Hoth has a gravity
equal to 37% greater than Earth’s. ​ The Star Wars Theme Park needs to provide you with the
velocity of the roller coaster on this planet to help you with your design. Your roller coaster will
be called the Millenium Falcon and will have a​ height of 125 m. ​ Your roller coaster will “The
Falcon” will have a m​ ass of 7000 kg. ​ You will need to compare the needs for safety on Earth to
the needs on Hoth. Explain your reasoning for the changes on Hoth.

Hoth:​

Directions:​ Provide a data table showing the comparisons between the Millenium Falcon Roller
Coaster on Earth and Hoth. Describe the types of restraints that you would need on the faster
coaster.

Calculations:

Earth Hoth

GPE = KE GPE = KE
mgh = 0.5mv​2 mgh = 0.5mv2​

(7000kg)(9.807m/s​2​)(125m) = 0.5(7000kg)v2​ (7000kg)(13.437m/s2​ ​)(125m) =
8,581,125/3,500 = 3,500/3,500v​2 0.5(7000kg)v2​
√2451.75 = √v​2
49.52 = v 11,757,375/3,500 = 3,500/3,500v​2

√3359.25 = √v2​

57.96 = v

Data Table: Mass Height Gravity Velocity/GPE
7,000 kg 125 m 9.807 m/s​2 49.52 m/s
Planet 7,000 kg 125 m 13.437 m/s2​ 57.96 m/s
Earth
Hoth

Graph:

Conclusion:

For the roller coaster “Millenium Falcon” the height and mass will stay equivalent
to each other, with a mass of 7,000 kilograms and a height of 125 meters on each planet.
Although, the gravity is different. The gravity on earth is 9.807 m/s2​ ​, while the gravity on
the planet Hoth is 39% greater than earth's gravity, leading the gravity on Hoth to be
around 13.437 m/s2​ ​. Therefore, this means that since the gravity of Hoth is bigger than
the gravity of Earth, then this means that the roller coaster will accelerate faster on the
drop then on earth. Since the acceleration will be faster, then this means that the safety
needs and restraints on Hoth will have to be safer and more precocious then the
restraints on Millenium Falcon on earth. Hoth will have to possibly have arm restraints
that go down into your lap in order for you to not fly out on the drop because of the
kinetic energy going down the hill. However, the coaster on Earth may only need a lap