PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)

1

PROBLEM BASED
LEARNING (PBL)

NAME: NUR AINA SYAKIRAH BINTI MD RAUF
CLASS: 2 AL-BIRUNI

TEACHER: PUAN HANIS

APPRECIATION 2

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Allah
because with his permission I have successfully completed
a folio problem based learning science.

A word of appreciation and thanks to Puan Hanis as a
science subject teacher who helped a lot in preparing this
folio.

Millions of thanks to my parents who provided the
necessary materials and also gave full support. Thank you.

INTRODUCTION 3

WHAT IS DISEASE?

 A disorder of structure or function in a human,
animal, or plant, expecially one that produces
specific symptoms or that affects a specific
location and is not simply a direct result of
physical injury.

TYPES OF DISEASE 4

Infectious disease

 A disease that can be transmitted from one individual to another.

 Caused by infection of pathogens directly through mediums and vectors.

 Example: tubercolusis, flu, ringworm, tinea, leptospirosis, dengue fever,
malaria fever, zika fever, and covid-19.

Non-infectious disease

 A disease that cannot be transmitted from one individual to another.

 Caused by genetic factor or lifestyle.

 Example: cancer, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and cardiovascular
disease.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE 5

NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASE 6

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 7

 Be able to know the meaning of disease,
infectious disease and non-infectious disease.

 Be able to know the names of infectious
disease and non-infectious disease,
symptoms, causes, preventive measures and
how to deal with them.

 We can be prepared before the disease
spreads to us.

THE MOST COMMON DISEASE IN 8
MALAYSIA

 Bird flu
 Dengue
 Influenza
 Corona virus

INFECTIOUS DISEASE IN MALAYSIA 9

1. Dengue fever
2. Tubercolusis (TB)
3. Hand, Foot and Mouth disease
4. Food poisoning
5. Viral hepatitis

DENGUE FEVER 10

CAUSES

 Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with a
dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with
dengue virus in their blood. It can’t be spread directly from one person to
another person.

WAYS TO DEAL WITH THEM

 There is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. If you think you may have
dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and avoid
medicines with aspirin, which could worsen bleeding. You should also rest, drink
plenty of fluids, and see your doctor. If you start to feel worse in the first 24 hours
after your fever goes down, you should get to a hospital immediately to be
checked for complications.

TUBERCULOSIS 11

CAUSE

 It's spread when a person with active TB disease in their lungs coughs or
sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets, which contain
TB bacteria.

WAYS TO DEAL WITH THEM

 Treatment for tuberculosis (TB) usually involves taking antibiotics for
several months.

 While TB is a serious condition that can be fatal if left untreated, deaths
are rare if treatment is completed.

 Most people do not need to be admitted to hospital during treatment.

HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE 12

CAUSES

 Saliva
 fluid from blisters
 Feces
 respiratory droplets sprayed into the air after coughing or sneezing

WAYS TO DEAL WITH THEM

 prescription or over-the-counter topical ointments to soothe blisters and rashes
 pain medication, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to relieve headaches
 medicated syrups or lozenges to ease painful sore throats

FOOD POISONING 13

CAUSES

 prescription or over-the-counter topical ointments to soothe blisters and
rashespain medication, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to relieve
headachesmedicated syrups or lozenges to ease painful sore throats.

WAYS TO DEAL WITH THEM

 Wash your hands, utensils and food surfaces often

 Keep raw foods separate from ready-to-eat foods Cook foods to a safe
temperature

 Refrigerate or freeze perishable foods promptly

 Defrost food safely

 Throw it out when in doubt

COVID-19 14

CAUSES

 SARS-CoV-2 spreads from person to person through close
communities.

 When people with COVID-19 breathe out or cough, they expel tiny
droplets that contain the virus. These droplets can enter the mouth
or nose of someone without the virus, causing an infection to occur.

WAYS TO DEAL WITH THEM 15

 Clean your hands often.

 Use soap and water, or an alcohol-based hand rub.

 Maintain a safe distance from anyone who is coughing or sneezing.

 Wear a mask when physical distancing is not possible.

 Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth.

 Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow or a tissue when you
cough or sneeze.

 Stay home if you feel unwell.

 If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical
attention.

 Get vaccine if you are eligible

THE STATISTIC GRAPH OF COVID-19 IN MALAYSIA 16

The graph on the side
shows an increase in
covid-19 cases in Malaysia.

CONCLUSION 17

infectious and non –infectious
diseases will have adverse effects
and discomfort on human life. By
knowing the cause, we can avoid it.

REFERENCE SOURCE (INTERNET) 18

 https://youtu.be/0wQSrs8BJe0

 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-causes

 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-
20356230#:~:text=Food%20poisoning%2C%20also%20called%20foodborne,common%20causes%20of%20food%
20poisoning.

 https://www.healthline.com/health/hand-foot-mouth-
disease#:~:text=Hand%2C%20foot%2C%20and%20mouth%20disease%20(HFMD)%20is%20a,or%20surfaces%20c
ontaminated%20with%20feces.

 https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tuberculosis-
tb/causes/#:~:text=Tuberculosis%20(TB)%20is%20caused%20by,droplets%2C%20which%20contain%20TB%20bac
teria.

 https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/027x3&hl=en-
MY&q=Disease&kgs=bcac7b8e4397051a&shndl=0&source=sh/x/kp/osrp/4&entrypoint=sh/x/kp/osrp

 https://www.imoney.my/articles/health-care-guide-malaysia/infectious-diseases-malaysia

 https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dengue-fever-
reference#:~:text=Dengue%20fever%20is%20transmitted%20by,one%20person%20to%20another%20person.

REFERENCE SOURCE (BOOK) 19

 Text book science form 2- page 76