GRAMMAR BASED PROJECT

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
VS

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Prepared by: Nurhanisah Safiah Bt. Ahmad Fahmi
Class: 3A1
Date: 29/5/2021

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

c

past now future

• The present perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action has taken place once
or many times before now.

• The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently,
but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.

• The present perfect is most frequently used to talk about experiences or changes that have
taken place, but there are other less common uses as well.
• Subject + have / has + the past participle

I Have Past She Has Past
You He /‘s participle
It
We /'ve participle

They

Form of Present Perfect

Positive present perfect, use:
 Subject + have / has + the past participle.
 Make the past participle by adding 'ed' to regular verbs
 There are a few verbs that change their spelling when add 'ed'

Negative present perfect:

 Subject + have / has + not + past participle (Put 'not' after 'have' or 'has' )

Question present perfect:
 Have / has + subject + past participle + ? (Put 'have' or 'has' in front of the subject.)
 Put the question word before 'have' or 'has' (example: Where have they learned English before?)

Subject Positive Negative Question

I / You I have eaten. I have not eaten. Have I eaten?
We / They You've eaten. You've not eaten. Have you eaten?

He / She He has eaten. He have not eaten Has he eaten?
It She's eaten. She's not eaten Has she eaten?

Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ‘ed’

Exceptions in spelling Example
love – loved
After a final e only add d. admit – admitted
travel – travelled
Final consonant after a short, stressed
vowel. hurry – hurried

As final consonant after a vowel is
doubled.

final y after a consonant becomes i.

Use of Present Perfect

 Action that is still going on.
Example: School has not started yet.

 Action that stopped recently.
Example: She has cooked dinner.

 Finished action that has an influence on the present.
Example: I have lost my key.

 Action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking.
Example: I have never been to Japan.

Signal Words of Present Perfect

☺ already ☺ never ☺ till now
☺ ever ☺ not yet ☺ up to now
☺ just ☺ so far

THE PRESENT PERFECT STORY

Video

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

• The present perfect continuous is a verb tense which is used to show that an action started in
the past and has continued up to the present moment.

• The present perfect continuous usually emphasizes duration, or the amount of time that an
action has been taking place.
• Subject + have / has + been + verb -ing

I has
/’s
You have been Verb He been Verb
We /’ve -ing She -ing

They We

Form of Present Perfect Continuous

Positive present perfect continuous

 Subject + have / has + been + verb –ing

Negative present perfect continuous

 Subject + have / has + been + not + verb -ing

Question present perfect continuous
 Have / has + subject + been + verb –ing + ?
 For 'wh' questions put the question word before have/has.

Subject Positive Negative Question

I I have been walking. I have not been walking. What have I been
You We’ve been studying. We doing?
We
They haven't been studying. Have we been studying?

He He has been cooking. He Has he been cooking?
She It's been raining. has not been cooking. How long has it been
We It hasn't been raining.
raining?

Exceptions in Spelling when adding “ing”

Exceptions in spelling Example
Final e is dropped come – coming
(but: agree – agreeing)
(but: ee is not changed)
sit – sitting
After a short, stressed vowel, the final
consonant is doubled. travel – travelling

L as final consonant after a vowel is lie – lying
doubled

final ie becomes y

Use of Present Perfect Continuous

 Puts emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result)
Example: She has been writing for two hours.

 Action that recently stopped or is still going on
Example: I have been living here since 2001.

 Finished action that influenced the present
Example: I have been working all afternoon.

Signal Words

☺ all day ☺ how long?
☺ for 4 years ☺ the whole week
☺ since 1993

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS STORY

Video

EXERCISE

Present Perfect Simple

A Read the sentences. How do we from the affirmative and negative in the Present

Perfect Simple?

1. The scientist has won many prizes.
2. The students have just completed a project on the environment.
3. I can’t show you how to use the camera because I haven’t read the instructions.
4. I’ve lost my map or the rainforest.

B Match each sentence with one use of the Present Perfect Simple.

a. Actions that have just finished 2
b. Experiences and achievements 1
c. Actions that happened in the past but have results that affect the present 3
d. Actions that happened at an indefinite time in the past 4

Present Perfect Continuous

C Read the sentences . How do you think we from the negative of the Present

Perfect Continuous?

1. He is sunburnt because he has been walking on the beach.

2. We have been recycling for many years.

3. The explorers have been travelling through the jungle for ten months.

D Match each sentence with one use of the Present Perfect Continuous.

a. For actions that began in the past and are still in progress or have happened repeatedly until
now 3

b. For actions that happened for a period of time and have finished, but that have results that
affect the present 1

c. To emphasise how long actions have been in progress for 2

E Choose the correct answer.

1. Many explorers have _____ to the North Pole.
a go b been c going

2. Nobody is here. They have _____ to find new species in the rainforest.
a gone b been c going

3. Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay got to the top of Mount Everest _____.
a since 1953 b almost 60 years ago c for almost 60 years

4. Kate has been studying endangered species _____.
a for ten years b since ten years c ten years

5. He has been collecting fossils _____ he was a student.
a for b ago c since

F Circle the correct words.

1. Animal conservation became / has become more important in the last 100 years.
2. Climate change caused / has caused many glaciers to melt.
3. The Giant Panda has been / was an endangered species for years.
4. The puppy has been drinking / drank milk from a bottle for two months.
5. The fisherman has been catching / has caught 50 kilos of fish since yesterday.
6. The scientists haven’t finished / haven’t been finishing their research yet.

G Complete the text with the correct form of the Present Perfect Simple, the

Present Perfect Cntinuous or the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets.

Icebergs

The word ‘iceberg’ probably comes from the Norwegian word ‘isberg’, which means ‘ice mountain’.
Every year about 10 000-15 000 icebergs from around the world. Although modern ships know where
icebergs are now, in the past icebergs ( 1 ) were (be) one of the biggest dangers in the sea. The
famous Titanic ( 2 ) sank (sink) when it hit an iceberg in 1912 and many people ( 3 ) have died (die).
Because of this accident, thirteen countries ( 4 ) formed (form) the international Ice Patrol in 1914.
This organisation ( 5 ) has been giving (give) information to ships about icebergs ever since.

Biologists ( 6 ) have been studying (study) icebergs for a long time to find out how they change sea
life. When an icebergs melts, nutrients go into the sea. Recently, scientist ( 7 ) have been shown (show)
that the water near icebergs is full of plankton, fish and other sea life.

Scientists ( 8 ) have noticed (notice) the way icebergs fall to pieces when they are in warmer waters.
One of the biggest icebergs ( 9 ) broke (break) off from the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica in 2000. It
was 295km long and 37km wide!

Reference

 Present perfect simple
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect.html
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect.html
 Present perfect continuous
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-progressive
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-continuous.html
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfectcontinuous.html
 Exercise
Close-up student’s book B1