Dr. Sachin's Environmental Project on Sacred Groves in Panhala Kolhapur

Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Plate No. 3.17

Flora found in study area-2


















Ghaneri Lantana camara Plumbago zeylanica































Strychnos nux-vomica
Hela Terminalia belerica



















Garambi Entada rheedii Shikekai Acacia concinna





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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar





Table No: 6 LIST OF SHRUBS


Sr.No. Local Name Botanical Name
1 Adulsa Adhatoda vasica

2 Akra Strobilanthes heyneanus

Ala
3 Ankul/Ankol ngium salvifolium

Gymne
4 Bedki/Gudmari ma sylvestre

olebr
ooke
C
5 Bhamani oppositifolia
a

C
6 Bhandira ndrum infortunatum
ode
ler
7 Bharati/Hekal Gymnosporia montana


8 Bohkada/Charbati/Kirmira asearia graveolens
C

disi
a
9 Bugdi humilis
Ar

S
a
10 Bukra nthes sessilis
trobil

11 Dinda/ Motha Dinda mbucina /.Leea macrophylla
a
a
e
Le
s

12 Dhaiti/ Dhayati rdia fruticosa
oodfo
W

C
ll
13 Hesur lanata
ica
rpa
a

14 Ghat bor yphus xylopyra
Ziz
ntana
La
15 Ghaneri camara

e
wia
16 Hasoli/ Asoli microcos
Gr
17 Hadkya densiflora
a
R

uvolfia
18 Karand, Karwand rissa c arandus
C
a

19 Kadi patta/ Kadi nimb Murraya koenigii

20 Katar, Karavti blus asper
tre
S

P
nda
a
21 Kevda nus furcatus

22 Kesari/ Murud Sheng Helicteres isora

23 Karvi nthes callosus
a
trobil
S

C
24 Kulkutta/ Kirmira/ Modi asearia esculenta

25 Kokani/ Kutkutar/ Nagotri Connarus wightii

S
26 Kutri olanum giganteum
pudica
Mim
27 Lajalu
osa

is ar
Osyr
28 Lotal borea

a
Lits
e
29 Hadsandhi glutinosa
a

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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar



30 Makad limbu/ Ran limbu Atlantia monophylla

Glyc

osmi
31 Manikyan s pentaphylla

a
se
a
ria
32 Modgi tomentosa
C

Me
lastoma ma
33 Nakeri labathricum

34 Narkya/ Amruta/ Ghanera ida /Nothapodytes nimmoniana
Ma
ppia f
oe
t

35 Nildoo, Nerali, Ambgool Elaeagnus latifolia
Vitex ne

36 Nirgudi gundo

Euphor
37 Nivdung bia neriifolia
38 Pandhari/ Kunti/ Kamani Murraya p aniculata

luggea
F
39 Pandhar phalli microcarpa

a
tt
P
ve
a
40 Papadi indica

C
lpi
sa
a
41 Patang nia sappan
e
W
e
42 Parwi, Showla ndlandia notoniana

a
trobil
S
43 Pit karvi, Gurgi nthes ixiocephalus

xo
ra
c
c
o
44 Pitkuli cinea
I

sios
La
45 Rametha/ Datpadi iphon eriocephalus

num
smi
46 Ranjai/ Kusari malabaricum
Ja

47 Rakta rohida/ Rakta rora Maba nigrescens
C
48 Rui/ Akk ropis gigantea
a

lot

im
Oc
49 Sabja/ Ran tulasi um americanum

Ar
50 Sapshi/ Sapsan olochia indica
ist

ra
Aspa
51 Shatavari gus racemosus

52 Sherwod/ Bhutkes aenda frondosa
Muss

53 Sundara/ Mudra/ Petari Abutilon indicum

54 Tinpani/ Tipani Allophylus cobbe

55 Toran yphus rugosa
Ziz

C
a
nthi
56 Tupa, Arsul um umbellatum

lycopte
C
57 Ukshi/ Baguli ris floribunda
a

58 Vanda/ Bandgul nthus cuneatus
Lor
a

59 Waiwarung/ Wavding Embelia ribes


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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Table No: 7 LIST OF CLIMBERS


Sr.No. Local Name Botanical Name
1 Alei Dalbergia volubilis


2 Amgul Elaeagnus latifolia

3 Bhui Kohola/ Vidari Ipomaea digitata
Cane lamus pseudotenuis
5 kand C a
B

a
6 Chambuli uhinia vahlii

a
li
ride
7 Chickni stipularis
B

C
e
sa
lpi
8 Chillari nia mimosoides
a

9 Garambi/ Gardal scandens
Enta
da

S
mi
10 Ghotvel/ Chopchini lax zeylanica

Abr
11 Gunj us precatorius

12 Jungali miree hookeri
P
iper

S
tryc
13 Kajarvel hnos colubrina

14 Kanheri/ Borati/ Zizyphus oenoplia
Vilayati vakundi ryptostegia
15 Burgi C grandiflora

16 Kali vel / Jungali Vitis auriculata
17 kajorne C
Kavali ryptolepis buchananii

Muc
18 Khaj Kuhili una pruriens

Tr
19 Kodan / Kaundal nthes palmata
icha
sa

C
ombre
20 Shendri tum ovalifolium

21 Lal chameli/ Quisqualis indica
Ran tur janus sca
22 Rangoon creeper C a rabaeoides

23 Morvel / Shendvel tis gouriana
C
lema
23
24 Navali cha vel pomoea vitifolia
I

25 Nagodari / Kokani / Connarus wightii
Palas vel superba
26 Kutkutar B utea

27 Wasan vel / Coculus villosus

Pendguli vel or
28 Jaljamni Dalbergia horrida
Phulsun obus purpureus
29 Edvel S pa thol

30 Piloka tum extensum
C
ombre

31 Poir/ Pasan / Phyllanthus reticulatus
Datwan / Kanguni
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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar



32 Kali vel / Jungli Vitis auriculata

Ravan vel /
33 kajorni Schefflera elliptica
Shembi / Chilar a pennata
34 Waghchawad Ac a c i

gyre
Ar
35 Samudrashoka ia speciosa

Ac
a
c
36 Shikekai a concinna
i
I
pomoe
a
37 Tugelami ca mpanulata
a
ga
W
38 Wakeri / Waghati tea spicata

P
iper
39 Wild pepper trichostachyon
40 Watoli / Waten vel / Cocculus m acrocarpus
Ramrik

Table No: 8 LIST Of BAMBOOS
Sr.No. Local Name Botanical Name
1 Chiwa /Huda /Chiwan Oxytenanthera monostigma


2 Kalak / Mandgay / Bambusa bambos
Velu / Kanak

3 Konda / Managa / Oxytenanthera stocksii
Chiwari / Mes

4 Shib /Udha / Medar Dendrocalamus strictus





Table No: 9 LIST OF GRASSES


Sr.No. Local Name Botanical Name
1 Anjan Cenchrus ciliaris


2 Bhalekusal Andropogon tricticeus

3 Bhongrut Themeda quadrivalvis

4 Boru Sorghum halepense

5 Burghushi Eragrostis tenella

6 Chikra Eragrostis tremula

7 Chigan chara Panicum prostatum

8 Dongari gawat Crysopogon montana

9 Gondal Andropogon pumilis


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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



10 Haryali / doob Cynodon dactylon


11 Kunda Ischoemum pilosum

12 Kusali Heteropogon contortus

13 Marvel Dichanthium annulatum

14 Natgras Cyprus rotundus

15 Nilgawat Panicum antidotale

16 Phuli / Kodmor Apluda varia

17 Phulera Themeda ciliata

18 Pandhari Kusal Aristida paniculata

19 Sheda Sehima nervosum

20 Pavana Sehima sulcatum

21 Rosha / Tokhadi Cymbopogon martini

22 Shimpi Panicum isachne

23 Vala Andropogon muricatus

24 Wavashi Saccharum procerum







MEDICINAL PLANTS

Source: ‘Flora of Kolhapur district’ by Professor S.R. Yadav and Dr. M.M. Sardesai of
Shivaji university of Kolhapur

Abrus precatorius, Abutilon indicum, Acacia concinna, Achyranthes aspera var. aspera,

Acorus calamus, Adansonia digitata, Aegle marmelos, Alangium salvifolium var.
salvifolium, Alstonia scholaris, Anacardium occidentale, Andrographis paniculata,

Anogeissus latifolia, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Asparagus racemosus var. javanica,
Azadirachta indica, Bacopa monnieri, Balanites aegyptiaca, Baliospermum montanum,

Biophytum sensitivum, Bixa orellana, Boerhavia repens var.diffusa, Bombax ceiba,
Bombyx micranthus, Boswellia serrata, Bridelia retusa, Buchanania cochinchinensis,

Butea monosperma, Caesalpinia bonduc, Calotropis gigantea, C. procera, Careya

arborea, Cassia fistula, C.obtusifolia, C. tora, Catharanthus roseus, Celastrus
paniculatus, Celosia argentea var. argentea, Centella asiatica, Colocasia esculenta,




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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Convolvulus arvensis, Cordia dichotoma, C. gharaf, Costus speciosus, Crateva

adansonii subsp. odora, Crossandra infundibuliformis, Cullen corylifolia, Cuminum
cyminum, Curculigo orchioides, ymbopogon

citratus, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, subsp. rotundus, Dendrophthoe falcata
var. falcata, Dillenia indica, Dioscorea alata, D.bulbifera, Dodonea angustifolia,

Dolichandrone falcata, Eclipta prostrata, Elaeagnus conferta, Embelia ribes, Emblica
officinalis, Entada rheedei, Ficus arnottiana, F.benghalensis, F. callosa, F. carica, F.

racemosa, F. religiosa, Garcinia indica,Garuga pinnata, Gloriosa superba, Glossocardia

bosvallea, Gmelina arborea, Gnidia glauca, Hedyotis herbacea, Helicteres isora,
Heliotropium indicum, Heterophragma quadriloculare, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, H.

sabdariffa, Holarrhena pubescens, Holigarna grahamii, Hydnocarpus pentandra,
Hygrophila schulli, Indigofera cassioides, I. tinctoria, Ipomoea batatas, Jasminum

auriculatum, Jatropha curcas, Justicia adhatoda, Kalanchoe olivacea, Lagenaria
siceraria, Leea indica, Leonotis nepetiifolia, Leptadenia reticulata, Lencas stelligera, L

zeylanica, Linum mysurense, Litsea deccanensis, L. glutinosa, Lobelia nicotianaefolia,

Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. sessiliflora, Macaranga peltata, Madhuca longifolia var.
latifolia, Maesa indica, Mallotus philippensis, Mangifera indica, Melia azedarach,

Mimusops elengi, Mitragyna parvifolia, Momordica dioica, Moullava spicata, Mucuna

monosperma, Murraya koenigii, Nelumbo nucifera, Neolamarckia cadamba, Nicandra
physalodes, Nicotiana tabacum, Nothapodytes nimmoniana, Nothopegia castaneifolia,

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Nymphaea nouchali, N. pubescens, Ocimum americanum, O.
basilicum var. basilicum, O.gratissimum, Oroxylum indicum, Oxalis corniculata var.

corniculata, Paranigya monophylla, Passiflora foetida, Phylanodiflora, Phyllanthus
reticulantus, P.urinaria, Physalis minima, Piper betle, Pittosporum wightii, Plumbago

zeylanica, Plumeria alba, Polyalthia longifolia, Portulaca oleracea, Premna obtusifolia,

var. pubescens, Pterocarpus marsupium, Pterospermum acerifolium, Pueraria tuberosa,
Rhinacanthus nasutus, Rhus sinuta, Ricinus communis, Rivea hypocrateriformis, Rubia

cordifolia, Rumex dentatus, Ruta chalepensis, Salix tetrasperma, Santalum album,
Sapindus laurifolius, Sapium insigne var. malabaricum, Saraca asaca, Sarcostemma

viminale var. viminale, Schleicbera oleosa, Scilla hyacinthina, Securinega leucopyrus,
Semecarpus anacardium, Sesamum orientale, Sesbania grandiflora, Sida acuta,

S.rbombifolia var. rhombifolia, Smilax zeylanica, Solanim anguivi, S. virginianum,

Sphaeranthus indicus, Spilanthus calva, Spondia indica, Sterculia urens, Streblus asper,
Strychnos nux-vomica, S.potatorum, Syzygium caryophyllatum, S. cumini,


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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Tabernaemontana alternifolia, Tamarindus indica, Tectona grandis, Tephrosia purpurea,

Terminalia alata, T.bellirica, T.chebula, T.paniculata, Thunbergia alata, Tinospora
cordifolia, Toddalia asiatica, Tribulus terrestris, Tridax procumbens, Trigonella

foenumgraecum, Tylophora indica, Urena lobata subsp. lobata, Vetiveria zizanioides,
Viscum angulatum, V.articulatum, Vitex negundo var. incisa, V. negundo var. negundo,

Volvulopsis nummularia, Withania somnifera, Woodfordia fruticosa, Wrightia arborea,
Xanthium indicum, Xylia xylocarpa, Zanthoxylum rhetsa, Zingiber officinale and

Ziziphus rugosa.









































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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Table No: 10 Some Medicinal plants and uses in Panhala Taluka

Sr.
No. Plant Family Habit Parts use
1 Tamarindus Fabaceae Medium bushy Seed, Bark : Seed is rubbed on
indica Linn tree a stone in a few drops of water
(Chinch) till the skin comes off. This
part of the seed is applied on
scorpion sting
2 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Evergreen tree Bark, Gum oozing out from the
Linn (Aamba) tree is applied on scorpion bite.
3 Aristolochia Aristolochia Herbaceous Vine Root, Leaves: Pinch of
bracteata Linn ceae root powder in water used for
(Kidamari) snake bite (Cobra)
4 Alangium Alangiaceae Tall thorny tree Root: Infusion of root mixed
salvifolium with ghee is given in the
(L.F.) Wang treatment of dog bites.
(Ankol) Decoction of root is used as
antidote against various
poisons (Snakebite, Scorpion
Bite etc.)
5 Pongamia Fabaceae Deciduous tree Roots, Seeds: Decoction of the
pinnata Pierre roots applied on dog bite.
(Karanj)
6 Uraria Picta Fabaceae Tall herb Root: 2inches long root
Desv (Pithvan) crushed in one cup of water-
strained. One cup of strained
water is given once on all snake
bites.
7 Bryonopsis Cucurbitaceae Herbaceous Seeds: Powder of the seeds in
laciniosa Linn climber water is given in treatment of
(Shivlangi) snake-bite(saw scaled vipor –
phonsom)
8 Moringa Moringaceae Deciduous tree Gum: Paste of the gum in
concanesis Nimo water is applied locally on
(Kadu Shevga) scorpion sting
9 Operculina Convolulaceae Herbaceous vine Extract of the roots one cup
trupethum Linn water – given in treatment of
(Nishotar) snake bite.
10 Rungia repens Acanthaceae Herbaceous Whole Plant: One whole plant
Nees (Ghatipitt) Creeper is crushed - kept in water for 15
mins, One cup followed by
another cup after one hour –
given for any snakebite.
11 Corchorus Tiliaceae Tall Annual Herb Seeds: Pinch of seeds eaten –
capsularis Linn for 5 mins- till person vomits
(Chaunchan) the poison- for any snake bite.

Source: Listed by Soman Gauri, Research report on some medicinal plants of Panhala
taluka used as Antidotes, Int. J. of Life Sciences, 2014, Vol. 2(3): 276-278


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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar





ENDEMIC PLANTS
Source: ‘Flora of Kolhapur district’ by Professor S.R. Yadav and Dr. M.M. Sardesai of

Shivaji university of Kolhapur
Abutilon ranadei, Adenoon indicum, Aerides dalzelliana, A maculosum,

Aeschynanthus,
perrottetii, Alysicarpus belgaumensis, A bupleurifolius, A. pubescens var. vasavadae,

A.
racemosus, Amorphophallus commutatus, Ancistrocladus heyneanus, Anisomeles

heyneana,

Apocopis vaginata, Argyreia pilosa, Arisaema caudatum, A. murrayi, A. sabyadricum,
A.

sivadasanii, Aristida redacta, A stocksii, Arthraxon jubatus, A lanceolatus var.
meeboldii,

Arundinella ciliata, A. leptochloa, A metzii, A. purpurea, A. spicata, A. tuberculata,

spidopterys cordata, Asystasia dalzelliana, A. mysurensis, Barleria gibsoni,
B.involucrata var. elata, Banhinia foveolata, Beaumontia jerdoniana, Begonia

concanensis, B. crenata, B.trichocarpa, Bhidea burnsiana, Bidaria cuspidata, B.
khandalense, Blachia denudata, Blumea belangeriana, B.eriantha, B.malcolmii,

Boswellia serrata, Brachystelma edulis, Bulbophyllum fimbriatum, Bulbophyllum

neilgherrense, Cajanus lineatus, C.sericeus, Calacanthus grandiflorus, Calophyllum
apetalum, Canscora concanensis, C. decurrens, C. pauciflora, C. perfoliata, Capparis

rheedei, Carex caricina var. glaucina, Carissa inermis, Carvia callosa, Casearia
rebenscens, C.tomentosa, Cephalostigma flexuosum, Ceropegia attenuata, C.evansii,

C.fantastica, C.buberi, C. jainii, C.lawii, C.oculata, C.sahyadrica, C.vincaefolia,
Chlorophytum bharuchae, C.borivilianum, C.glaucoides, C.glaucum,Cissus woodrowii,

Cladopus hookerianus, Clematis heynei, Cleome simplicifolia, Clitoria biflora,

C.ternatea var. pilosula, Coelachne minuta, Crotalaria filipes var. filipes, C.filipes var.
trichophora, C.leptostachya, C.lutescens, C.pusilla, C.vestita, Croton gibsonianus,

Cryptocoryne spiralis var. cognatoides, Cucumella ritchiei, Cucumis setosus, Curcuma
decipiens, C.inodora, C.neilgherrensis, C.pseudomontana, Cyanotis cerifolia,

C.concanensis, C.fasciculata var. glabrescens, Cymbopogon gidarba, Cynarospermum

asperrimum, Cynodon barberi, Decaschistia trilobata, Dendrobium aqueum, D.



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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



barbatnlum, D.herbaceum, D. lawianum, D.microbulbon, D.nanum, D.ovatum,

Dendrophthoe trigona, Derris heyneana, Desmodium ritchiei, Dicaelospermum ritchiei,
Dichanthium filiculme, D. odoratum, D.oliganthum, Dichrostachys cineria var. indica,

Dimeria blatteri, D.hohenackeri, Dimorphocalyx larianus, Dioscorea belophylla, Drimia
congesta, D.polyantha, Drypetes venusta, Dyschoriste dalzellii, Ensete superbum,

Eranthemum roseum, Eria dalzellii, E. exilis, E. microchilos, Erinocarpus nimmonu,
Eriocaulon conicum, E.cuspidatum, E. dalzellii, E. duthiei, E. elenorae, E. eurypeplon,

E. heterolepis, E. lanceolatum, var. pilosum, E. margaretae, E.minutum, E.ritchieamum,

E. sedgwickii, E. sharmae, E.stellulatum, E. tuberiferum, Eriolaena quinquelocularis,
Eulophia ochreata, E.ramentacea, Enonymus indicus, Euphorbia notoptera, Exacum

lawii, E. pumilum, Fimbristylis woodrowii, Flacourtia latifolia, F. montana, Flemingia
nilgheriensis, Flickingeria macraei, Gantelbua urens, Garcinia indica, G. talbotii,

Garnotia arborum, Geissaspis tenella, glochidion ellipticum, G. malabaricum,
Glyphochloa divergens var. divergens, G. forficulata, G. mysorensis, Grewia

heterotricha, G. umbellifera, Habenaria crassifolia, H. foliosa var. foetida, H. foliosa

var. foliosa, H. foliosa var. gibsonii, H. grandifloriformis, H. heyneana, H.
longicorniculata, H. multicaudata, H. ovalifolia, H. panchganiensis, H. plantaginea, H.

plumosa, H. verticillata, Hedyotis stocksii, Helicanthes elastica, Helixanthera obtusta,

Heracleum grande, Heterostemma urceolatum, Holigarna grahamii, Hopea ponga,
Hubbardia heptaneuron,

Hydnocarpus pentandra, Hydrobryopsis sessilis, Hygrophila pinnatifida,
Hymenodictyon

obovatum, Impatiens inconspicua, I. lawii, I. monor, I. pulcherrima, I. tomentosa,
Indigofera

dalzellii, I. glandulosa var. sykesii, I. Prostrata, Indopoa paupercula, Indotristicha

ramosissima, Iphigenia magnifica, I pallida, I.stellata, Isachne bicolor, I elegans,
I.gracilis, I. lisboae, Ischaemum dalzelli, I. diplopogon, I. impressum, I. molle, I.

pilosum, I.raizadae, I. travancorense, I. tumidum, Iseilema anthephoroides, Ixora
brachiata, I. chinensis, I. elongata, Jasminum malabaricum, Justicia santapaui, J.

trinervia, J. wynaadensis, Kalanchoe bhidei, K.
Olivacea, Knema attenuata, Lagerstroemia microcarpa, Lamprachaenium

microcephalum,

Lasianthus acuminatus, L. sessilis, Lavandula lawii, Limnophila polystachya,
Lophopogon


54

Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar



tridentatus, Luvunga eleutherandra, Mackenziea integrifolia, Mallotus stenanthus,

Meiogyne
pannosa, Memecylon talbotianum, Mnesithea clarkei, Moullava spicata, Murdannia

lanuginosa, M. versicolor, Neanotis foetida, N. lancifolia, N. montholoni, Neuracanthus
sphaerostachyus, Nilgirianthus heyneanus, N. lupulinus, Nogra dalzellii, Oberonia

brunoniana, Orpetium roxburghianum, O. villosulum, Pancratium parvum, Paspalum
canarae var. fimbriatum, Pavetta siphonantha, Peristylus stocksii, Phyllanthus

scabrifolius, Phyllocephalum ritchei, P. scabridum, Pimpinella adscendens, P.

tomentosa, P. wallichiana, Pinda concanensis, Piper trichostachyon, Pittosporum
dasycaulon, Pleocaulis ritchiei, Pogonachne racemosa, Pogostemon benghalensis, P.

deccanensis, P. purpurascens, Porpax reticulata, Pouzolzia integrifolia, Pseudanthistiria
heteroclita, Pseudodichanthium serrafalcoides, Pterocarpus marsupium, Pycreus

malabaricus, Rhamphicarpa longiflora, Rotala floribunda, Rungia linifolia, Sageraea
laurifolia, Salacia brunoniana, Schizachyrium paranjpyeanum, Sehima sulcatum,

Senecio belgaumensis, S. dalzellii, S. edgeworthii, Sesbagiria sahyadrica, Smithia

agbarkarii, S. bigemina, S. birsuta, S. pycnantha,S.salsuginea, S.setulosa, Sonerila
rheedei, S. scapigera, Spatholobus purpureus, sphenostylis bracteata, Supushpa

scrobiculata, Swertia densifolia, S. lawii, S.minor, Syzygium laetum,Tabernaemontana

alternifolia, Tephrosia coccinea, Terminalia paniculata, Thelepaepale ixiocephala,
Theriophonum indicum, Tolypanthus lagenifer, Tonningia cucullata, Trachyspermum

roxburghianum, Tragus roxburghii, Trewia polycarpa, Tricholepis amplexicaulis, T.
radicans, Trilobachne cookei, Tripogon capillatus, T.jacqemontii, T. lisboae,

Utricularia albocaerulea, Ujanarthanamii, Unaikii, U.praeterita, U. purpurascens,
Vetiveria lawsonii, Zingiber cernuum and Z. neesanum.



THREATENED PLANTS

Source: ‘Flora of Kolhapur district’ by Professor S.R. Yadav and Dr. M.M. Sardesai of
Shivaji university of Kolhapur

Abutilon ranadei, Begonia concanensis, Ceropegia eransii, C. fantastica, C. buberi, C.
jainii, C. lawii, C.oculata , C. sahyadrica. Argyreia pilosa, Begonia trichocarpa,

Ceropegia attenuata, C. vincaefolia, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Crotalaria filipes,

Cryptocoryne spiralis var. cognatoides, Cucumis setosus, Dicaelospermum ritchiei,
Entada rheedei, Eulophia ochreata, E ramentacea, Flickingeria macraei, Habenaria




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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar



multicaudata, Heterostemma urceolatum, Iphigenia magnifica, Nothapodytes

nimmoniana, Salacia brunoniana, Seshagiria sahyadrica and Trilobachne cookei.
Aerides maculosum, Alysicarpus belgaumensis, A pubescens var. rasavadae, Arisaema

caudatum, A murrayi, A. sahyadricum, A. sivadasanii, Barleria gibsoni, Beaumontia
jerdoniana, Bhidea burnsiana, Bulbophyllum fimbriatum, B.neilgherrense, Calacanthus

grandiflorus, Capparis rheedei, Chlorophytum glaucoides, C.glaucum, Crotalaria
lutescens, Curcuma decipiens, C. inodora, C.pseudomontana, Cyanotis concanensis,

Decaschistia trilobata, Dendrobium barbatulum, Drimia polyantha, Eriocaulon dalzellii,

Flemingia nilgheriensis, Habenaria crasifolia, H. foliosa var. foetida, H. foliosa var.
foliosa, H. foliosa var. gibsonii, H. longicorniculata, H. panchganiensis, H. rariflora,

Hydnocarpus pentandra, Hygrophila pinnatifida, Impatiens lawii, I. pulcherrima, I.
tomentosa, Indigofera dalzellii, Iphigenia pallida, I. stellata, Ischaemum diplopogon,

Lamprachaenium microcephalum, Lobelia nicotianaefolia, Nogra dalzellii,
Paracaryopsis coelesina, Piper trichostachyon, Pogonachne racemosa, Sonerila

scapigera, Zingiber cernuum and Z. neesanum.Amorphophallus commutatus, Argyreia

cuneata, Arthraxon lanceolatus var. meeboldii, Arundinella tuberculata, Bidaria
cuspidata, Canscora concanensis, Carvia callosa, Ceropegia bulbosa var.bulbosa, C.

bulbosa var. lushii, Cleome simplicifoloia, Coelachne minuta, Commelina hasskarlii,

Crotalaria lutescens, Curcuma neilgherrensis, Cyanotis cerifolia, C. fasciculata var.
glabrescens, C. tuberosa var. adscendens, C. tuberosa var. tuberosa, cynarospermum

asperrimum, Danthonidium gammiei, Dendrobium microbulbon, Dichanthium
oliganthum, Dimeria blatteri, D. hohenacheri, Ensete superbum, Erinocarpus nimmonii,

Exacum lawii, Indopoa paupercula, Iphigenia indica, Isachne lisboae, Ischaemum
raizadae, I. travancorense, I. tumidum, Habenaria grandifloriformis, H. panchganiensis,

Haplanthodes tentaculata, H. verticillata, Hoya alexicaca, Lepidagathis lutea,

Murdannia dimorpha, M. versicolor, Neanotis montholoni, Oropetium roxburghianum,
Porpax reticulata, Pseudodicanthium serrafalcoides, Rhamphicarpa longiflora, Rungia

crenata, R. linifolia, Schizachyrium paranjpyeanum, Senecio dalzellii, Smithia
agharkarii, Sorghum deccanense, Sphenostylis bracteata, Swertia minor, Theriophonum

indicum, Tripogon capillatus.








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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Table No: 11 LIST OF SPOTTED ANIMALS AND BIRDS




Sr.No. Comman name Scientificname

1 Bamboo Pit Viper Trimeresurus gramineus

2 Great Pied Hornbill Buceros bicornis
3 Yellowbrowed Bulbul Hypsipetes indicus

4 Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus

5 Small Green Barbet Megalaima viridis
6 Small Blue Kingfisher Alcedo atthis

7 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus

8 Grey junglefowl Gallus sonneratii
9 Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhyncus

10 Gaur Bos gaurus

11 Indian Pangolin Manis pentadactyla
12 Sambar Cervus unicolor

13 Sloths bear Melursus ursinus
14 Leopard Cat Felis bengalensis




























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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Plate No. 3.18


Fauna found in study area-1



























Great Pied Hornbill Buceros bicornis Small Blue Kingfisher Alcedo atthis




























Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus Grey junglefowl Gallus sonneratii




















Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhyncus Yellowbrowed Bulbul Hypsipetes indicus

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Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Plate No. 3.19


Fauna found in study area-2






















Gaur Bos gaurus Sambar Cervus unicolor





















Green Vine Snake Ahaetulla nasuta Leopard Cat Felis bengalensis






















Indian Pangolin Manis pentadactyla Sloths bear Melursus ursinus






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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



CHAPTER IV



CONCLUTION
A comprehensive list of sacred groves scattered along ancient trade route

Kajirda (Ratnagiri) to Bajarbhogav (Kolhapur) geographical co-ordinates, areas,
elevations and locations was prepared. Their distributions have been-mapped. These

serve as the bench-mark for further studies.

50 % of them are less than 1 acre in area and are remaining as medium in
size. Plantations of cash crops or intensive agro forests shall be raised adjacent to sacred

groves, to avail maximum ecological utility since it is not possible to expand the groves
in view of the increasing land hunger.

With various medicinal plants, timber species produces sacred groves are

gene-banks of economically important plants. These pieces of vegetation will help us to
understand the structure and dynamics of such ecosystems and can reflect the

potentiality of the soil if there are no other limiting factors.
Sacred groves harbor many woody plant species as well as fauna. These

groves function as genetic reservoirs of wild species.As religious beliefs and taboos
weaken the pressure on these forests increases. The temples within the groves are still

used as places of worship, but the forest surrounding them has become relatively

unimportant. In many places strong taboos against biomass extraction no longer exist,
while in other places natural resources are removed from the forest under cover of

darkness. The rationale behind the reverence for nature and the protective taboo seems
to have been forgotten, sometimes even where religious rituals continue to be observed.





Threats to the Sacred Groves



1) Rate of destruction of sacred grove directly depends on ownership of grove.

Inventory shown fact about it. Out of 10 sacred groves 2 groves under Forest
department intact much than other groves, those owners Panchayat or Devsthan

trust.


For example Kapling grove (Patpanhala) and Tamjai grove ( Pohalewadi) are

area maintained due to restriction of Forest department .while grove in Padsali,


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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Pisatri, Washi posses very critical issue. Year by year area of groves decreases,

it is sign of negative approach towards sacred grove.


2) Encroachment
The groves have been encroached by local communities as well as by people

migrating from outside for settlements and agriculture.

For example Area of grove in Padsali village and Pisatri, huge area encroached
by neighbor farmers, easily spotted with satellite image.


3) Development Projects


Roads and Big dam projects, increase in the demand for land has also resulted in

encroachments in the groves. Such activities have resulted in shrinkage of some

of the largest groves.
In grove of Pombre is best example, where big dam of Kalajwade newly

constructed.


4) Fragmentation

Many of the sacred groves have been fragmented by roadways, Reclamation of
land for agriculture, and illegal encroachment may lead to fragmentation of

the grove and consequently loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecological
functions.

Groves of Kolik and Gothane affected by road passing centre of grove, near

Temple.
5) Erection of new temples

Erection of new temples or rebuilds with R.C.C.,the sacred groves leading to
their fragmentation and destruction.

Except Pisatri, Kapling and Tamjai temple all other temples rebuilds with
modern technique i.e. cement mortar leads demolishes previous beauty along

with destruction of some area of grove.


6) Pilgrimage and Tourism

The integrity of many groves has suffered deterioration due to the influx of large

number of pilgrims and tourists.


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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



In Dasara, Shimaga, Mahashivratri or particular Yatra , thousands of pilgrimages

visits grove same day in year. Large number of peoples, their vehicles and
market heavily suffer entire groves ecosystem.


7) Commercial Forestry

Local people have lost their customary rights of forest management in many
parts, due to government regulations. Hence, many sacred groves have been

destroyed due to commercial forestry operations.

Collection of honey, medicinal plants, woods for fuel etc.


8) Removal of Biomass
In many sacred groves, anthropogenic activities like removal of biomass,

firewood and cattle Grazing was permitted and continuation of these practices
over generations has resulted in the Dwindling of the groves and adversely

affecting the functioning of these ecosystems.


9) Cutting of trees

Cutting of trees for temple renovation and construction inside the grove is major

threat to the groves. It cause adversely affected the existence of flora and fauna.
Except Kapling and Tamjai grove, cutting of trees are found.


10) Natural calamities

Natural causes that are a constant threat to the groves include destruction of
vegetation due to calamities such as lightning, jungle fire and windblasts etc.

These accelerate the encroachment of exotic weeds and suppress the growth of

original flora of the groves.
11) Socio-cultural causes

Religion had an overwhelming influence on the preservation of forest patches as
sacred groves, but A cultural transformation and changing worldview of nature

among the people are among the causes for the decline of the sacred groves .


12) Urbanization

The rapid intrusion of modern civilization into forest areas due to urbanization is
leading to deforestation.


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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Many years ago Bhogeshwar temple of Bajarbhogav surrounded by dense forest

but now it shrinks because no area available for town planning due to river folds
around village.


Control Measures


The habitats of the sacred groves need to be preserved against their rapid disappearance
and retrogression as against the common belief that they are preserved intact. Their

existence is endangered due to the rapid pace of deforestation, increasingly diverse

land-use pattern, exploding population decreasing religious beliefs etc. Survival of these
groves cannot be ensured unless stringent protective measures are not taken.



1. Recognizing sacred natural sites supports community autonomy, promotes
effective management and gives voice, rights and action to local people.

2. Faith, spirituality and science provide different but complementary ways of

knowing and understanding human-nature relationships.
3. Local commitment, wide public awareness, supportive national policies and

laws, state protection and broad international support are essential for the
survival of sacred natural sites.

4. It is important that people recognize the values of these remaining patches of

forest and that levels of resource extraction be kept low and regulated; this
would facilitate sustainable resource use.

5. Identifying the socio-economically important species of the sacred grove and
raising them in buffer zones might be a viable strategy for their conservation and

sustainable use.
6. Spiritual and ethical traditions no longer ensure the conservation of these forests,

the public may need to be educated and informed about other reasons

environmental, social and economic for conserving the forest and using it
sustainably.










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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



REFERENCES




Table No.12 List of Questionnaire





Sr.N Name of Questionnaire Address Contact No.
o.

1 Mr.Uttam Natha Patil Padsali 7769001980



2 Mr.Baban Balu Patil Gothane 7773923394


3 Mr.Suresh Laxman Patil Kolik 9405026005



4 Mr. Pandurang Dattatray Khapane Washi 9307481956


5 Mr. Vilas Bhagoji Gurav Manwad 9518380306



6 Mr.Narayan Lahu Patil Pisatri ---


7 Mr. Atul Gewari Pombre 9921856364



8 Mr.Baburao Bandu Teli Patpanhala ---


9 Mr. Sangram Sonar Bajarbhogav 9404267857



10 Mr.Sadashiv Chadrakant Patil Pohalewadi 9604275200




Samrat Phadnis, First mission to save ‘sacred groves’ in 30 years, Times of India,
Kolhapur News, 3/9/2015.


Chandran Subash,On the ecological history of the western ghats,Biodiversity of

western ghats,Current science,Vol.73,No.2,25/07/1997.


Kannan C.S. Warrier, Significance of Sacred Groves in Conservation of Biodiversity,

ENVIS Centre, Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India,9/3/2020.




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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Shinde Vidya, D.A.Dhale, B.M.Gaykar, Sacred Grove: Traditional way of conserving

plant diversity, Journal of Ecobiotechnology, 3/9/2011.


Shiragave P.D., Survey of Medicinal Plants used by Local people of Gadhinglaj Tahsil
Of Maharashtra, Journal of Global Biosciences, Volume 4 , 2015 Pp1795-1802.



Soman Gauri, Some medicinal plants of Panhala taluka used as Antidotes, Int. J. of
Life Sciences, Sep.2014, Vol. 2,Pp.276-278.



Bandgar SG* and Patil CR, A new species of Beltrania from Western Ghats, India,


Int. J. of Life Science, 2019; 7 (2):325-328.


Sathe Sanjay S., Vikas V. Jadhav and R. M. Ganeshwade, Ecological notes on two

sacred groves along Krishna River, Basin of Sangli district, Science Research Reporter,

4(2):163-166, 26/8/2014.


Laxman Singh Kandari*, Vinod Kumar Bisht, Meenakshi Bhardwaj and Ashok Kumar
Thakur, Conservation and management of sacred groves,myths and beliefs of tribal

communities: a case study from north-India, Environmental Systems Research 2014.


Chandra Prakash Kala, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Sacred Groves and

Conservation of Biodiversity in the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve of India, Journal of

Environmental Protection, 2011,Pp. 967-973.


Arpita Vipat and Erach Bharucha, Sacred Groves: The Consequence of Traditional

Management, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Journal of Anthropology, Volume 2014.


Nishita R. Tadkodkar, Sacred Groves and their Significance in Conserving


Toro Dr. Sunita V., SACRED GROVES –FROM TRADITION TO CONSERVATION,

Government of Maharashtra,Rajaram College, Kolhapur, The Proceeding of National
Conference on SACRED GROVES AS A REPOSITORY FOR ETHNOMEDICINAL



PLANTS 1st& 2nd February, 2013.


Gadgil, M and V.D. Vartak (1975) Sacred groves of India-A plea for continued

conservation.Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 72(2) : 314-321.

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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Gadgil, M and V.D. Vartak (1976) The Sacred groves of Western ghats in India.

EconomicBotany 30: 152-160.


Gadgil, M and V.D. Vartak (1976) The Sacred groves of Maharashtra: An Inventory.


Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany (ed. S.K. Jain) Oxford and IBH publ, Delhi pp 289-294


Jadhav,V.D., Mahadkar, S.D. and Valvi, S.R. (2011) Documentation and

Ethnobotanical Survey of Wild Edible Plants from Kolhapur District. Recent Research

in Science and Technology,3(12): 58-63.


Sushma Singh, Mudasir Youssouf, Zubair A. Malik,and Rainer W. Bussmann, Sacred

Groves: Myths, Beliefs, and Biodiversity Conservation—A Case Study from Western
Himalaya, India, Hindawi International Journal of Ecology,Volume 2017.



Upadhye Anuradha, Kumbhojkar MS and Vartak VD (1986) Observations on wild
plants used in folk medicine in the rural areas of Kolhapur district. Anc Sci Life.,

6(2):119–121.


Vartak V.D and Gadgil Madhav (1980) Studies in Ethnobotany: A New Vista in

Botanical Sciences. Biovigyanam, 6 : 151-156.


Vartak VD, Kumbhojkar MS and Nipunage DS (1987) Sacred groves in the tribal areas

along Western Ghats. A treasure trove of medicinal plants. Bull. Medico-Ethno.Bo.Res.,
8(1-2); 77-84.



Gupta Vikas, Nitin Kakodkar, Devendra Kumar, WORKING PLAN for Period 2008 -
09 to 2017–18, KOLHAPUR FOREST DIVISION, GOVERNMENT OF

MAHARASHTRA.1/1/2009.

















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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Questionnaire for M.Sc. Environmental Science


By: Dr.Kondekar Sachin Hindurao


Research Subject: “Study of Sacred Groves of Western Panhala

Tehsil, District Kolhapur”


1) SACRED GROVE : GENERAL INFORMATION



1. Name Of the grove :




2. Nearest Village :



3. Total area of grove :




4. Owners : Temple Trust/Revenue/Forest Dept./Panchayat/Private



5. Protected : Yes/No


Location :
6.



7. Age of Sacred grove :


Deity :
8.



9. Main Event Relating : Festival/Annual/Special



10. Scale of the Map :















67

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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Questionnairefor M.Sc. Environmental Science


By: Dr.Kondekar Sachin Hindurao


Research Subject: “Study of Sacred Groves of Western Panhala

Tehsil, District Kolhapur”


2) VILLAGE NEAR SACRED GROVE : SPECIFIC
INFORMATION



Name of the village;
1. Address; Pin :

Nearest big village with
Distance :
2.




3. Road/Path : Raw/Concrete/Tar




4. Total Population : Total – Female - Male -



5. Main Religion : Hindu/Muslim/Other



6. Occupation of villagers : Farming/Cattles/other ---


Other worship places :
7.






















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Dr. Sachin Kondekar








Questionnairefor M.Sc. Environmental Science

By: Dr.Kondekar Sachin Hindurao



Research Subject: “Study of Sacred Groves of Western Panhala
Tehsil, District Kolhapur”


3) BIODIVERSITY OF SACRED GROVE



Major Tree species :
1.



Major shrubs :
2.



3. Major climbers :



Major grasses :
4.



5. Major epiphytes :



Important flora of
6.
monsoon :


7. Major common birds :


Plants that are
8.
observed only :


















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Dr. Sachin Kondekar








Questionnaire for M.Sc. Environmental Science

By: Dr.Kondekar Sachin Hindurao



Research Subject: “Study of Sacred Groves of Western Panhala
Tehsil, District Kolhapur”


4) UTILIZATION PATTERN OF NATURAL RESOURSES







Plants/Animal for
1. consumption :


Plants for Medicine :
2.



Plants for house
3.
construction : Yes/No/May be


4. Plants for fuel wood : Yes/No/ Partially



Utilization of Plants
5.
Permitted : Yes/No/ Partially

Cutting of Plants
6.
allowed : Yes/No/Partially



7. Is grazing permissible : Yes/No/Partially


















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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Questionnaire for M.Sc. Environmental Science


By: Dr.Kondekar Sachin Hindurao


Research Subject: “Study of Sacred Groves of Western Panhala

Tehsil, District Kolhapur”


5) THREATS TO EXISTANCE OF SACRED GROVES


Natural Calamities : Forest fire/cyclone/insect attack
/famine/other
1.
When did calamity take place?

Anthropogenic pressures :
A) Illegal cutting of plants : Yes/No/Partially
2.
B) Grazing : Yes/No/Partially

Invasion of other weeds : Yes/No
If yes names :
3.



Construction of Dam/Road etc. : Yes/No
4.


Total conservation into
5. agricultural land : Yes/No/Partially


Change in the perception of
6.
people : Positive/Negative


























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Dr. Sachin Kondekar



Questionnaire for M.Sc. Environmental Science


By: Dr.Kondekar Sachin Hindurao


Research Subject: “Study of Sacred Groves of Western Panhala

Tehsil, District Kolhapur”


6) CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR SACRED GROVES




1. Area under forest increases : Yes/No/ don’t know

Restoration efforts :
A) Plantation :
2. B) Social Forestry :
C) Eco-fencing :


Plants for consumption : Regular/ Controlled / Banned
3.


Cutting of whole Plants
4.
allowed : Yes/No/Banned



5. Is grazing permissible : Yes /Partially/Banned




Name of villager

& Address :

Age :

Education :

Occupation :


Contact Number :

Signature with

Date :









72

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Dr. Sachin Kondekar




एम.एस्सी. पर्यावरण शयस्र सयठी प्रश्नयवली



कर्ता : डॉ.सचिन ह िंदुरतव कोंडेकर



शोध ववषर् : पन्हयळय तयलुक्र्यतील पश्श्िमकडील दवरयईंिय अभ्र्यस
े
े


1)दवरतईिी सतमतन्य मतह र्ी
े



1. दवरतईिे नतव :
े



2. जवळिे गतव :



3. दवरतईिे क्षेत्रफळ :
े



4. मतलकी क्क : दवस्थतन ट्रस्ट/म सूल/वन खतर्े/ ग्रत.पिं/खतजगी
े


5. सिंरक्षक्षर् आ े की नत ी : आ े / नत ी


भौगोललक स्थतन : ....................................................

6.



7. देवरतईिे अिंदतजे वय :


दवरतईर्ील प्रमुख दवर्त :
े
े
8.



9. देवरतईर्ील उत्सव : जत्रत वैगेरे



10. देवरतईित आकतर :









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Dr. Sachin Kondekar







एम.एस्सी. पर्यावरण शयस्र सयठी प्रश्नयवली


कर्ता : डॉ.सचिन ह िंदुरतव कोंडेकर


शोध ववषर् : पन्हयळय तयलुक्र्यतील पश्श्िमेकडील दवरयईंिय अभ्र्यस
े

2) देवरतई असणतर्‍यत जवळच्यत गतवतिी मतह र्ी






गतवति नतव,पत्तत, पीन. :
े
1.

नजीकि मोठ गतव व अिंर्र :
े
े
2.


3. जतण्यतसतठी रस्र्त/मतगा : कच्ित /पक्कत /डतिंबरी




4. गतविी लोकसिंख्यत : एक ू ण – स्त्री- पुरुष -




5. मुख्य धमा : ह िंदू/ मुस्स्लम/ इर्र



6. ग्रतमस्थतिंित मुख्य व्यवसतय : शेर्ी / गुर पतलन -
े

गतवतर्ील इर्र दवस्थतने :
े
7.


















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Dr. Sachin Kondekar







एम.एस्सी. पर्यावरण शयस्र सयठी प्रश्नयवली


कर्ता : डॉ.सचिन ह िंदुरतव कोंडेकर


शोध ववषर् : पन्हयळय तयलुक्र्यतील पश्श्िमेकडील दवरयईंिय अभ्र्यस
े

3) दवरतईर्ील जैवववववधर्त
े

मुख्य वृक्ष :


1.



मुख्य झुडुप :
े
2.



3. वेलीच्यत जतर्ी :


गवर्तिंच्यत प्रजतर्ी :
4.




5. मुख्य परजीवी/ एवपफतईट :



6. पतवसतळ्यतर्ील वनस्पर्ी : शेर्ी / गुर पतलन -
े


7. पक्षयतिंच्यत जतर्ी :




8. फक्र् इथेि आढळणतर्‍यत वनस्पर्ी :














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Dr. Sachin Kondekar







एम.एस्सी. पर्यावरण शयस्र सयठी प्रश्नयवली


कर्ता : डॉ.सचिन ह िंदुरतव कोंडेकर


शोध ववषर् : पन्हयळय तयलुक्र्यतील पश्श्िमेकडील दवरयईंिय अभ्र्यस
े

4) दवरतईर्ील नैसचगाक सिंसतधिंनतिंित ववननयोग
े





वनस्पर्ी/प्रतण्यतित खतण्यतकरीर्त वतपर :
1. ोर्ो / नत ी / सतिंगर्त येर् नत ी


वनस्पर्ीित औषधतसतठी वतपर :
2. ोर्ो / नत ी / मत ीर् नत ी


वनस्पर्ीित घर बतिंधणीकरीर्त वतपर :

3. ोर्ो / नत ी / सतिंगर्त यर् नत ी
े

वनस्पर्ीित इधन म् णून वतपर :
िं
4. ोर्ो / नत ी / सतिंगर्त यर् नत ी
े



5. देवरतईर्ील सिंसतधिंनतिंित वतपर करण्यतस परवतनगी : आ े / नत ी



6. दवरतईर्ील वृक्ष र्ोडीस परवतनगी : आ / नत ी/ अिंशर्त: आ
े
े
े

7. देवरतईर् जनतवरे िरण्यतस परवतनगी : आ े / नत ी/ अिंशर्त: आ े
















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Dr. Sachin Kondekar













एम.एस्सी. पर्यावरण शयस्र सयठी प्रश्नयवली


कर्ता : डॉ.सचिन ह िंदुरतव कोंडेकर


शोध ववषर् : पन्हयळय तयलुक्र्यतील पश्श्िमेकडील दवरयईंिय अभ्र्यस
े

5) दवरतईस भेडसतवणतर धोक
े
े
े
नैसर्गाक आपत्ती : वणवत / दुष्कतळ / पूर / भूकप / रोग-कीड
िं
असल्यतस आपत्ती कधी आली ोर्ी ? :
1.
कतय नुकसतन झतल ोर्े ? :
े


मयनवी हस्तक्षेप :

अ) वृक्ष र्ोड : ोर्े / नत ी/ ननयमबतह्य
2.
आ)गुर िरतई : ोर्े / नत ी/ ननयमबतह्य
े

ववदशी प्रजतर्ीच्यत वनस्पर्ीि आक्रमण : आ / नत ी
े
े
े
असल्यतस नतव :
3.



धरण बतिंधणी / रस्र्त / इर्र बतिंधकतम : आ / नत ी
े
4.



5. शेजतरील शेर्ीिे आक्रमण : आ े / नत ी



6. दवरतईबतबर् लोकतिंित बदलललत दृष्टीकोण : सकतरतत्मक / नकतरतत्मक
े
े









77

Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar
















एम.एस्सी. पर्यावरण शयस्र सयठी प्रश्नयवली


कर्ता : डॉ.सचिन ह िंदुरतव कोंडेकर


शोध ववषर् : पन्हयळय तयलुक्र्यतील पश्श्िमेकडील दवरयईंिय अभ्र्यस
े

6) दवरतई सिंवधान उपतय
े


दवरतई क्षेत्रतर्ील वतढ : झतली आ / नत ी / सतिंगर्त यर् नत ी
े
े
े
1.

सिंवधंनतसतठी कलल प्रयत्न :
े
े
े
अ) वृक्षतरोपन

2.
ब) सतमतस्जक वनीकरण
क) दवरतई भोवर्तलि क ुिं पण
े
े

दवरतईर्ील वनस्पर्ीित वतपर : ननयलमर् ोर्ो/ ननयिंत्रत्रर् / बिंदी
े
3.


वृक्षर्ोडीस परवतनगी : आ / ननयिंत्रत्रर् / बिंदी
े
4.

गुर ितरण्यतस परवतनगी : आ / ननयिंत्रत्रर् / बिंदी
े
े
5.




गतवकर्‍यतिे पूणा नतव व पत्तत :

वय :

लशक्षण :

व्यवसतय :




78

Dr. Sachin Kondekar
Dr. Sachin Kondekar



सिंपक क्रमतिंक :
ा
स्वतक्षरी व हदनतिंक :




















































































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