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13-Перельман Я.И. Живая математика

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Published by naukaiinnov, 2022-09-05 07:08:17

13-Перельман Я.И. Живая математика

13-Перельман Я.И. Живая математика

? ???????????? ???????: II11. ???? ? ??? ???? ????????

??????? ?????????? ?? ????? (? ??????? ??????????

????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????), ?? ???-

?????????, ??? ????? ??? ?????? 280 ??????????. ???????-

?????????????, ??? ????????? ????? 1111 ? 250 ????????? ???.

114.???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????????

??????? ????????? ???????, ? ??????:

1 337 174 : 943 = 1418;

1 343 784 : 949 = 1416;

1 200 474 : 846 = 1419;

1 202 464 : 848 = 1418.

115.???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????

???????:

7 375 428 413 : 125 473 = 58 781.

??? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????

???????????? ? ???????????? ????????: «??????????????

??????», 1920 ?. ? «???????? ???», 1906 ?.

116.? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???-

???????????. ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ? ????? ???-
1 ?; ?????
????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????
1000 ?, ??????? ??
?? ?????????? ?. ?. 1 ??: ?????????

????? ????????. ???????? ??????????????: ????? ?????-
1000 ??.
117.?????

?????????? ?? ??...

??????? ?????? ??????. ? ????????? ?????????? ????-
X ??????. ??????
?????????? ??????????? ?????? X ??????

?????? ????????????? ???????, ???????????? ???? ??

??????, ???? ????? ? 1000 1? = ??. ? ??? ??? ? ??? ????-

??????? ??? ? ?????? ??? ??????, ?? ? ?????????? 1000 ??.

118.?? ???. 100 ?????, ??? (?????????? ????????? ?????

1 ?2) ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ? ???????-

??????????????? ???????? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ????-
????????? ? ?????
???????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ??????.
????????? ?????? ? ??????
??????, ?????? ???????? ???

????? ?, ????? ?????????:

12 000:8 = ?:0,12,

?????? ?= 180 ?.
????????
119.???? 89,4 ? ?? ???????, ?. ?. ?? ??????

?????.

150

???. 101.

???. 102.

???. 100. ???. 103.

???????? ? ??? ??????: 89,4 ? X 1000 — 89,4 ??,
? ??????
?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????:

89,4 ?? X 1000 = 89,4 ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ? ??????

??? ?????? ??????????.

????, ??????? ??? — 89,4 ?????.

120.???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ? ?? ? ????? ?????-

????????? 70. (??????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????

? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ??????????????? ? ??????

???????.)

121.??? ??? ????? ???? ?????, ???????????? ?? ??-

??????????, ????? 78, ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????

?????? ?????????? ?????? 78 : 6, ?. ?. 13. ??? ?????????

????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?? ???. 101.

1221— 23. ??????? ???????? ?? ???????????

???. 102 ? 103.

124.????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???-

??????? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???

????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ? ???-

?????? ?????? ????; ? ???? ??????? ????, ??? ????????? ????
? ??
?? ????????. ??? ??????, ??? ????? ??????????????,
???
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????????, ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????
? ???, ?????
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125.??
?????? ?????? ????? ????????, ???? ??????-

??????????, ????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ??????? ? ?????
????????,
?????? (???. 96) ??????????, 7 ???. ??????,

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??????????. ???? ??? ??????????

? ?????????

??????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ????????
??????????,
9 ?. 30 ?. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????

372 ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?

—, .

? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????

^360° ? =

152

126. ???????? ???? ????????
? 175
????? ?? ? ????????? ??????

????? R, ?????:

2??,14?(? + 175)-2??,14?

?/?-2??,14?175 = 1100 ??,

?. ?. ????? 11 ?. ??????????-

?? ????? ??, ??? ????????? ??-*

???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??-*

????? ???? ?, ?????????????,• •• ••

???????? ?? ??????????????. 104.

?????? ? ????????? ??????.
??????
127.?????????? ????? ?????????????, ????
? ????? ????????
?????????? ????? ??????????????, ???

?? ???. 104.

128.????????, ????????? ? ?????????????? ??????

?????????? ?????, ??????, ????????, ? ????????????
??? ??????
?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????.

?????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????, ?? —

?????? ?????? — ?????? ?????????? ? ?????????????

?????? ? ???????, ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????-

??????????.

????? ???, ??????, ??????????, ????? ???? ??????

?????????????? ???????????, ???? ??????????????? ?????

?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???-

???????. ?????????, ??????? ? ???? ? ????, ??????, ???

????? ???????? ??????????, ??????????? ?? ???????,

????? ?????????, ???????????? ?? ?????????? (???. 105).

????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? (???. 106),

?????, ??? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????-

??????????? ???????????? *). ???? ??????????? ????? ?????-

??????????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????

??????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? (???. 107).

?????? ???????, ??? ????? ????????????? ????? ????-

????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????????, ???-

??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????. ????????-
? ??? ???
?????????????? ????????????? (???. 108), ??
??????????? ???????????? ? ????????????
???????

? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????

???????? ???????????? ?????????.

*) ????????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ??? ????????? «???????
153
? ???????????? ????????».

???. 105. ???. 106. ???. 107.

1%
? /?

???. 108. ???. 109.

???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ? ???????-

???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? (????????????, ???

????????, ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ????-

?????????).

?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??-
?? ???
??????????; ??? ???????? ?? ???. 109 ? 110; ???

?????????? ???????? ? ????, ??? ????????? ???????

???????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????.
??????
?????????: ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????

????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????????

?? ???? ??? ???????????: ????????? ????????? ? ????-

?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????

??????? *).

????, ??? ??? ?????????? ??????, ?????????????

?????. ????? ? ? ? ????? (???. 111) ????????? ??????;

*) ??? ?????? ????, ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????, ????? ???????-

????????? ???? ?????: ??? ???????? ???? — ??????????????, ??????????

?? — ??????????. ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????

???? ???????, ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????????.

154

Jill

???. 110.

? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?

??????????? ?? = ? ?. ?????????????? ???????????

? ?? ????'????? ?? ???????? OADC, ??????? ??????-

?????????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????????, ????????? ?? ???. 109
? 110.

129.????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????-

????????? ??????: ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???-
?????
??????????. ? ????? ????, ?????????? ????? ?? ?????

??? 27, ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???,

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????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??-

??????, ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????????? ?????.

130.??????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ???? ???????-
???? ??????,
?????????? ????? ????????. ???? ?? ??????? ??

????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????. ????????? ????????,

???? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??????? 4 ?????. ????

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?????
??????? ?? ??????? 8 ??????. ?????????? ???????
16 ??????
?? ??????? ????? ??????? (???? ?????? ????-

????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?????), ????? ?????? —

32 ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??

?????? ???????? 64 ????????? ??????????. ? ???? ?????

??????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????,

?? ????? ???????????? ???????? 64 ????????? ??????-

??????????. ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??-

??????????.

?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????, ??? ????? ????????
???????????
????? ? ???????????????? ???, ????? ??????
??
??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????

155

HI

????? ???????-

???????

???????

???. 112.

2?=64 ????????? ??????????. ??? ??? ???????? ???????:

???? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???

????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ???-

????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??

???. 112 ???????? ?????? ??? ???????.

??????????

????? ??????. ??????? ? ?????????????

1.????? ?? ??????8

2.? ????? ?????5

3.?????? ???????? ????????

4.??? ???????6

5.??? ? ????7

6.??????????????? ??????7

7.????? ?????????8

8.????8

9.?????? ?? ????????9

10.???????? ????9

11.?????? ? ??????? ... . . .10
....11
12.?????????????? ?????10
...20
??????? ??????????? 1—12 ....

13.??????????? ????? ......19

14.???????? ?????, ?????? ?? ?????????

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????? ??????. ?????????? ? ?????

??????24

16.???? ?? 28 ??????24

17.?????? ? ????? ????24

18.????? ? ??????24

19.?????24

20.???? ?????????24

21.?????????? ???????? ?? ??????25

22.?????????? ?? ??????26

???? ? 15, ??? ?????26

23.?????? ?????? ?????32

24.?????? ?????? ?????32

25.?????? ?????? ?????32

??????32

26.?????? ?????? ??? ????????????32
27.??? ? ???????33

28.?????? ?????? ??? ???????????33

29.?????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ...33

30.???????????? ????????? ,33

??????? ??????????? 163— 033

157

????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???????????

31.????????? . ...41

32.????? ? ????????.41 42
43
33.????????????? ??????42 43
43
34.?????????? ????? 42
.44
35.?????? ??????42
44
36.???? ???????42

37.????????? ???????42

??? ????????
??. ???????
???? ,. . . .
,.. .
40.????? ????????

41.????????????? ????????

42.??????? ,

??????? ??????????? 31—42,

????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ?? ????????

43.?????? ?? ?? ????????50
44.?????
??????? ??????? ? ?????, 62

????? ?????. ???????? ??????????? 56
56
45.?? ???? ?????? — ???55 56
56
46.??????55 56
56
47.???????? ?????? 57
57
48.???????? 57
58
49.??????????? ?????
63
50.????? ?????? .. .
71
51.??? ??????? .... 76
( 79
52.??????? ?? 11 ...
??? 108
53.???????? ?????? ?????????

54.???????? ???????????.,

55.??? ???????? ???????????«57

50. ?????????? ??????i

??????? ??????????? 45—56i

????? ??????. ????????????? ?????????

57.??????? , ,,
58.???
????????? ????????67

????? ???????. ???????? ? ??????-?????????

59.???????? ??????,

60.????????? ?????(

61.?????? ??????? ??????????? ....

62.???????,82

63.??????? ? ????????? ?????87

64.??????? ???????????91

65.?????????? ???? 96

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67.????104

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158

????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???????

69.????????? ???? ??????112
?????????
70.?????
??? ?????? ?????114
71.?????????

????? ???????. ?????????????? ???????????

72.??????116

73.? ?????????????? ??????116

74.????????? ???????116

75.????? ??????117

76.?????? ???? , .118

77.?? 12 ??????118

78.?? 8 ?????? , ,118

79.???? ???? 118

80.????? ???????119

81.?????? ???????119

82.?????? ???????119

83.??????? ?????119

84.?????? ????? ..... . ... 119
120
85.???????? ??????119
142
86.???? ?????????120 159

87.????????120

88.??????? ? ??????120

89.??? ??????120

90.??? ????120

91.?????

92.?????? ????? ??????120

93.??? ????????120

94.?? ??????121
???????
??????????? 729— 4 121

????? ???????. ????????? ????? ? ?????

95.????????131

96.??????? ??????133

97.??????? ??????134

????? ????????????. ?????????? ? ????????

? ??????

98.???????? ? ?????? 137

99.??? ?? ???? ??????138

100.???????? ?? ???? ??????? 139

????? ???????????. ???????? ?????? ?????

101.????141

102.????? ? ????141

103.????, ????? ? ??????141

104.??????? ? ?????? ????141

105.???????142

106.???????? ???????142

107.??? ?????

108.????? ???????142

109.???????142

110.????? ?????????142

111.??????? ???????142
112.????????
?????????142

??. ???????? ????????? . .... 142

114.?????????? ??????? .

115.??? ?????? ???????143 142

116.??? ??????????143 144

117.? ??? ?? ????143

118.???????143

119.??????? ???????143

120.????? ?????'143

121.?????????143 144

122.?????????????? ??????

123.???????? ??????

124.????????? ????144

125.????? ?????145

126.?? ????????145

127.? ????? ?????145

128.????? ? ?????????145

129.?????? ????145

130.??? ??????146

??????? ??????????? 101—130146


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