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Context The surrounding
information in a
sentence or text

Cueing The 4 language systems
Systems that readers rely upon for

cues as they seek
meaning from text:
Grapho-Phonological;
Syntactic; Semantic;

Pragmatic

Explicit Teacher control of the
Instruction learning environment
through structured,
systematic lessons, goal

setting,choice of
activities, and feedback

Graphemes A written
symbol that
represents a
phoneme

graphophonic Cues based on
information sound or visual

similarities

metacognition A person's awareness
of his or her own
thinking and the

conscious efforts to
monitor this awareness

miscues An unexpected
reading response.
Deviation from text

morpheme The smallest
meaning-bearing
linguistic unit in a

language

new Ways to read and write texts, and
literacies also to view and visually represent

texts in new and exciting ways,
often including enhancements such

as video and audio; often in
electronic rather than traditional

print format and available for
viewing on various devices

nonstage A theory that suggests
theory that unskilled and skilled

readers use the same
strategies to figure out

unknown words

The smallest

phonemes unit of sound

in a language

phonics Instruction in the
association of
speech sounds
with printed
symbols

reading The construction of
meaning from coded
messages through symbol
decoding, vocabulary

awareness,
comprehension, and

reflection

sight Words that are
vocabulary recognized by the
reader immediately,
words without having to
resort to decoding

stage A theory that suggests that
theory children go through three

stages of acquiring
literacy: 1. Selective Cue
Stage 2. Spelling-sound
stage 3. Automatic stage

tracking Indicating understanding
of the one-to-one
correspondence of
spoken and written

words by finger-pointing

big An enlarged version of a
books book used by teachers so
that students can track the

print and attention is
focused on particular
PHONEMIC elements

Predictable Books that use
books repetition, rhythmic
language patterns and
familiar patterns. Also
called Pattern Books

Graphophonic A cueing
System system based
on letter-sound
relationships

Syntactic A cueing
System system based
on grammar or

structure

Semantic A cueing
system based
System on meaning

Pragmatic A cueing system
System based on social

and cultural
functions of
language