ALUMINIUM IN MARINE CARGO SHIP (1)

VRT 3013 A (GROUP 3)

NAMA AHLI KUMPULAN

1.NORAZURA BINTI MOHD ISA (D20182085663)
2.MUHAMMAD HASIF BIN MOHD AMRAN (D20211100578)
3.MUHAMMAD IZZAT AZIZI BIN KHALID (D20211100576)
4. MOHAMAD AMIN BIN ZULKEPLE (D20211100907)
5. NURUL FARAHANIM BINTI SUMARDI (D20211101312)
6.MOHD BADRUL AMIN BIN JUNAEDE (D20211100579)
7.NUR FATIN AZIRA BT ZAMZURI (D20191088584)

E-BOOK VRT301 3 Editor's Note
• E-book New Releases
ALUMINIUM IN MARINE CARGO SHIP
1. Intro: Function in marine
2. History marine
3. How aluminium produce
4. Type of aluminium in marine
5. Mechanical properties of aluminium
6. Aluminium and seawater
7. Disadvantage /advantage
8. Others material use in marine
9. Comparision between Aluminium and Steel
10. Country that use most Aluminium
11. Others information about most aluminium use
12. Recycle
13. Conclusion
14. References

MARINE PART OF ENGINE Intro: Function in marine

Cargo ship engine has about 1000
times more power than an average
car, but they only travel at about 50
kilometers per hour.

• Cargo refers to goods carried by a large vehicle
• Originates from the Latin word which means "to

load on a cart or wagon”
• Shipping is considered to be the best mode of

transportation because it is very safe in handling
delicate materials and quite cheap.
• The average size of cargo ship is around 700
feet long (213.36 m)
• Most large cargo are powered by bunker fuel
which contains higher sulphur levels than diesel
which make the level of pollution is increasing
• Cargo ships have been built entirely of high-
tensile steel

HISTORY MARINE

• The first container ship in the world was launched in April in 1956 by Maiden
Voyage which carrying 58 cargo. Before specialized ships were introduced,
shippers used two methods to transport bulk cargo on board. In the first method,
the cargo will be put into sacks placed on pallets, then the pallets will be put into
the ship’s hatch using a crane. The second method requires the shipper to rent
the entire ship and spend time and money to build the container from plywood
inside the hatch space.

• Then, to load the cargo into that narrow space, feeders and factoring boards had
to be built. Such methods are time consuming and labor intensive. As in the case
of container ships, the problem of loading and unloading has also been the
trigger for the bulk cargo ship revolution. Ships dedicated to bulk cargo began to
appear after steamships were introduced.

• The first steamship to be recognized as a bulk cargo ship in 1852 was the British
coal carrier, the SS John Bowes. It has a hull made of iron, a steam engine and a
balancing tank that uses seawater the old way of using sandbags. These
features helped it win the competition in the British coal market.

VRT 3013 A (GROUP 3)

• Two main features of bulk cargo ships appeared later namely; double -site
tanks first came into use in 1890, and triangular -shaped balancing tanks
introduced in 1905.

• The first bulk cargo ships using diesel engines began to appear in 1911.
Before World War II, demand for bulk products was very low; only about 25
million tonnes for iron ore - and most of its trading activities are made
between coastal routes.

• After the Second World War, international bulk trade began to flourish
between industrialized countries especially between European countries,
the United States and Japan. Due to its high economic value, bulk cargo
ships were built larger and more specialized.

VRT 3013 A (GROUP 3)



Proof Tensile Shear Fatigue
Strength Strength Endur.
Alloy Temper Stress Elongation Elongation Hardness Hardness Limit
0.20% (MPa) (MPa) A5 (%) A50 (%) Brinell HB Vickers HV (MPa)

(MPa)

H2 85 100 60 12 30 30

H4 105 115 70 10 9 35 36 70

AA1050A H6 120 130 80 7 39
H8 140
150 85 6 5 43 44 100

H9 170 180 3 48 51

0 35 80 50 42 38 21 20 50

T3 290 365 220 15 15 95 100 250

AA2011 T4 270 350 210 18 18 90 95 250
T6 300
395 235 12 12 110 115 250

T8 315 420 250 13 12 115 120 250

AA3103 H2 115 135 80 11 11 40 40
H4 140
155 90 9 9 45 46 130

ALUMINIUM AND SEAWATER

• The present invention relates to an aluminium alloy with seawater
corrosion resistance, which belongs to an economic new material
with good seawater corrosion resistance on the basis of 5XXX alloy
by the combined effect of manganese and chromium.

• The reinforcement of rare earth and the special processing
technology. The standard potential of the aluminium alloy with the
seawater corrosion resistance in a seawater medium is-0.05 volt and
is equal to that of pure aluminium, and alloy is a single alpha phase.
Because of the addition of alloy elements.

• The protective action of a basal body is increased by a passivating
film. Corrosion is even surface corrosion to reduce point corrosion
and intercrystalline corrosion.

• The special aluminium alloy product with the seawater corrosion
resistance has the characteristics of high heat conductivity, scale
prevention, seawater corrosion resistance, etc., and is an energy
saving environmental protection product with the advantages of
high performance and low cost.

TTYYPPEE OOFF AALLUUMMIINNIIUUMM IINN MMAARRIINNEE..

Al-Si alloys – (413.0, 443.0)

• Aluminum silicon alloys are very fluid, easy to work with, and cast.
• The alloys are reasonably robust, making them ideal for applications such as

engine blocks.
• This alloy can also be used as a weld filler material when other alloys like

copper and magnesium are added.
• The Al-Si alloy is commonly utilized in leak and fatigue-resistant castings, as

well as critical maritime components.

Al-Mg alloys -(512.0, 514.0, 518.0, 535.0)

• Heat treatment is not possible with aluminum-magnesium alloys, and casting
them is difficult have a high corrosion resistance and are best suited for
components that are frequently exposed to seawater.

• Wrought aluminium alloys, such as aluminium alloys 5052, 5083, and 5754,
are non-heat treated but easily wieldable and have the same good corrosion
resistance that can withstand the rigors of marine environments.

• Wrought aluminium alloys are moderately robust and strain hard enable, and
they perform well even at cryogenic temperatures.

Al-Mg-Si alloys -(6061, 6063, 6111)

• Best known for their ornamental and structural properties, as well as their
superb finishing qualities

• It's frequently employed as an architectural alloy in both interior and outdoor
construction projects.

• Heat treatable, fairly robust, extricable, and highly corrosion resistant,
aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys are a good choice.

DISADVANTAGE /ADVANTAGE

Advantages Disadvantages

• Superior resistance to corrosion • Expensive raw material.
• Widely available in plates, sheets and
• Expensive fabrication. Requires
extrusions special techniques to weld.
• Lightweight with a high strength-to-
• Corrodes rapidly in salt water. (In air
weight ratio or in fresh water aluminum skins over
• Compatible with various fabrication with an oxide layer. In salt water this
layer doesn't form, or is removed as
processes fast as it forms.

• Softer than steel. Parts exposed to
casual friction (freight moving) would
wear faster.

Others material use in marine

• There is a wide range of materials used in shipbuilding comprising ferrous
metals, non-ferrous metals, plastics, GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastics/fiber
glass) and wood.

• The most widely used material in ship building remains steel especially plan
carbon.

• Or mild steel approximately 90 %

ii)Aluminium • Aluminium alloys are used either in sheet form for all -metal iii) GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastics/fiberglass)
Alloys hulls or for isolated structural members. Many sailing spars
were often made of aluminium after 1960. • Fiberglass (glass -reinforced plastic or GRP) is commonly
used for production vessels because of its ability to reuse
• The material required special manufacturing techniques, female moulds as the basis for ship shapes.
construction tools and construction skills. It is the lightest
material for building large ships (being 15-20% lighter than • The resulting structure is strong in tension but often needs to
polyester and 30% lighter than steel). be stacked with many layers of resin -saturated fiberglass or
reinforced with wood or foam to provide stiffness.
• Aluminium is highly resistant to corrosion
• GRP vessels are largely free of corrosion although they are
• Its non-magnetic properties and low-cost maintenance usually not fire resistant. This can be solid fiberglass or
sandwich type (cored), where a core of balsa, foam or similar
material is applied after the outer layer of fiberglass is placed
on the mould, but before the inner skin is placed

i)Steel

• This is a highly versatile ship construction material and is
used extensively on ships for the making of its integral
structure and parts.

• For the construction of the hull of a ship, mild steel
containing 0.15% to 0.23% carbon, and reasonably
high manganese content is used.

Aluminium & Stainless Steel

• Aluminium and Stainless steel may look similar, but they have
some fundamental differences.

• Both are widely used: you’ll find Stainless steel in everything from
cutlery and household appliances up to ships and infrastructure
projects because of its light weight, aluminium is widely used in
aircraft, bicycles and cars, amongst other things.

Aluminium Stainless steel

• Transportation industry such as • Staainless steel are more resistance to
automotive, train rails, airplane and corrosion and heat therefore it performs
so on. well to make kitchen sinks and cutlery.

• It also used in any long distance • Architecture also use stainless steel but
power lines due to its conductivity in different way such as bridges,
and ductility. monument and sculptures.

• Architecture also needs the • In automotive industry, stainless steel has
aluminium’s malleability benefits to the strength and heat resistance that fits
make window frames and high rise the characteristic for rail cars, engine and
buildings. auto bodies.

Country used most aluminium

China • This country has a high demand for
products, including products that utilize
• It is no coincidence that China is both aluminum in their design or packaging.

the largest producer and consumer • The food and beverage industries are a large
part of this, but two other sectors that are
of aluminum. pillars of China’s economy are construction
• One of the largest consumers of this and transportation.

amazing and transformative metal. • China has made developing infrastructure
• In 2013, China was responsible for and building up its urban centers a top
priority, and aluminum is a key material in
48% of all aluminum consumption, this endeavor. At the same time, the
automotive sector in China is the world’s
nearly half, and more than North largest, with 30% of global production

America, South America and Europe

combined.
• China is a significant producer of

aluminum, so access to cheap

aluminum is a given.

What kind of What else?
aluminium that
we use the most? • Second most used
aluminium product
Of course, • It has the less reactivity, is;
Aluminium Foil! therefore make them
suitable to contact with • Cans
foods. • Kitchen utensils
• Window frames
• Aluminium are so • Beer kegs
malleability and make them • Aeroplane parts
easier to handle and wrap
our foods.



Conclusion

• Aluminium is very suitable to be the main material for marine transportation and
building cargo ships due to its characteristic that is lightweight, corrosion resistant and
highly recyclable material. As we know any metal that constantly exposed to saltwater
will corrode rapidly rather than aluminium.?It is clear that aluminium has many
advantages that greatly help in human life and world industry.

Reference

• United Nations. (2018). Review of Maritime Transport. Retrieved from
https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2018_en.pdf .

• Maride grade aluminium https://www.thyssenkrupp-materials.co.uk/marine-grade-
aluminium-aluminum.

• B. (2021, October 28). The Manufacturing Basics of Aluminium. BA Systems.
https://www.basystems.co.uk/blog/aluminium-manufacturing-basics/ .

• https://www.wenzelmetalspinning.com/steel-vs-aluminum.html.

• Aluminium vs steel (https://monroeengineering.com/blog/aluminum-vs-steel-
comparing-the-two-kings-of-metal/).

• Aluminium and steel https://tampasteel.com/differences-between-aluminum-and-steel/

• https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2863

• https://www.aluminumhandraildirect.com/effects-of-salt-water-on-aluminum/

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