Manufactured Substances in Industry Chemistry Form 4 chapter 8

Manufactured Substances In Industry
Chemistry Form 4

Students’ Name : FAIZUS SAHLI BIN ZIAUDIN AHAMED ( 405 )
Teacher’s name: MUHAMMAD AMIRUL BINMOHAMAD SYARIF ( 405 )
MUHAMMAD IKHWAN DANISH BIN SAIFULRIZAL ( 405 )
MUHAMMAD AZRI BIN MOHAMAD NAWAWI ( 405 )

PUAN JULIA BINTI AZAHAR

CONTENTS

Indtroduction and objectives 3

Appreciation 4

Notes of Chapter 8 Chemistry form 4 (Manufactuted Substances in Industry) 5
• 8.1) Alloy and its importance 8
• 8.2) Composition of glass and its uses 11
• 8.3) Composition of ceramics and its uses 14
• 8.4) Composite materials and its importance

Discussion

Estimated budget

Reference sources

INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES

All the objects that exist around us are made up of chemical substances. These objects exist an
element, compound or mixture. All these objects contribute benefit to humankind. As time goes
on, human has done many researches to ensure all these chemical substances will be enough for
the use of themselves. Chapter 8 of Form 4 syllabus introduces us with manufactured substances
in industry. This is important to appreciate the knowledge of chemistry that is still new for us
students. Personally, this chapter is an interesting chapter as it revealed the way of scientist
produces the material around us. It also gives new knowledges of the uses of chemical substances
that we usually found in the laboratories. By learning this chapter, hopefully we --will be more
interested in learning chemistry as it will help us in the future. For the objectives :-

1. Manage to understand alloy and its importance
2. Can understand composition of glasses and it uses
3. Able to verify compesition of ceramics
4. Know the composition of composite materials and it uses
5. Gain knowledge of material industries in the world















CERAMICS

A ceramic is a solid made up of
inorganic and non-metallic substance
made up of either metal or non-
metal compounds that have been
shaped and then hardened by
heating to high temperatures. In
general, they are hard, corrosion-
resistant and brittle.

TYPES OF CERAMICS

TRADITIONAL CERAMICS ADVANCED CERAMICS

• Made up from clay such as kaolin, • Made from inorganic compounds
Al₂O₃.2SiO2.H2O . such as oxides,carbides and
nitrides
• Clay mixed with water to produce a
soft mouldable mixture. • Have higher heat resistance and
abrasion
• Mixture than heated at scorching
temperature • Advanced ceramics are more
chemically inert and have
• Generally used to make bricks, superconductivity properties
pottery and crockery

CERAMICS USES AND APPLICAT ION

Medicine ~Zirconia ceramic ( dental implant)
~Alumina ceramic ( knee bone making)
Transportation ~Ceramic (Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI machine due to its
Energy production superconductivity properties)
Construction and Housing
~Engine components in transportation such as jet planes

~Electric insulator in high voltage areas (power stations)

~Bricks and rooftiles
~Walls and floor tiles
~Tableware and ormantleware
~Household appliances



























DISCUSSION

1.) CONCRETE IS AN EXAMPLE OF MATERIALS THAT HAS BEEN USED SINCE ANCIENT TIMES
• A) WHAT IS THE MEANING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE NON HOMOGENEOUS SUBSTANCE
• B) IS CONCRETE SUITABLE TO BE USED TO BUILD PILLAR OF BUILDINGS? EXPLAIN

NOT SUITABLE, BECAUSE CONCRETE IS BRITTLE WHICH MAY CAUSES THE BUILDING TO COLLAPSE.
• C)EXPLAIN HOW CONCRETE MAY BE REINFORCED

INSERTING STEEL RODS INSIDE CONCRETE SO THAT IT WILL NO LONGER BE BRITTLE BECAUSE IT CAN WITHSTAND STRETCHING.
• D)STATE TWO USES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES
2.)FIBRE GLASS IS MADE BY IMMERSING GLASS FIBRE IN MOLTEN PLASTIC
• A)NAME THE MATRIX SUBSTANCE AND STRENGTHENING SUBSTANCE USED TO MAKE FIBRE GLASS

THE MATRIX SUBSTANCE IS PLASTIC AND THE STRENGTHENING SUBSTANCE IS FIBRE GLASS
• B) EXPLAIN WHY THE FIBRE GLASS IS SUITABLE TO MAKE WATER STORAGE TANKS

LOW BUILD COST, DOES NOT POLLUTE THE WATER AS IT IS CHEMICALLY INERT AND HAVE STRONG-WEIGHT RATIO

DISCUSSION II

3.) OPTICAL FIBRE HAS REPLACED COPPER WIRE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATIONN AND DATA
• A) NAME THREE STRUCTURES THAT MAKE UP AN OPTICAL FIBRE

PROTECTIVE JACKET, SHEATH LAYER AND CORE
• B) HOW DOES OPTICAL FIBRE TRANSMIT INFORMATION AND DATA?

TRANSMIT DATA AND INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF LIGHT BY USING REFLECTION
• C) COMPARE THE USAGE OF OPTICAL FIBRES AND COPPER WIRES IN HIGH DEFINITION CABLE TV NETWORK

OPTICAL FIBRES TRANSPORT INFORMATION FASTER TAHN COPPER WIRES BY USING LIGHT.
4)PHOTOCHROMIC GLASS IS A COMPOSITE MATERIALS WHICH IS ALWAYS USED TO MAKE CAR WINDOWS
• A)STATE THE MAIN COMPONENT IN PHOTOCHROMIC GLASS

SILVER CHLORIDE, GLASS AND COPPER (1) CHLORIDE
• B)WHICH COMPONENT IN 4(A) IS SENSITIVE TO UV LIGHT?

SILVER CHLORIDE
• C) STATE TWO OTHER USES OF PHOTOCHROMIC GLASS

EYE PROTECTION GLASSES, BUILDINGS WINDOWS

Estimated Budget

Electric bills RM 3.56
• Wifi purposes
• Lightings

Telephone bills RM 4.27
• Broadband sim calls

REFERENCE SOURCES

TEXTBOOK
• CHEMISTRY FORM 4, TERBITAN PELANGI SDN BHD,2019
REFERENCE BOOK
• MENTOR CHEMISTRY, SHING LEE, PENERBITAN SYARIKAT ADAM.
INTERNET WEBSITES
• WIKIPEDIA
HTTPS://EN.M.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/COMPOSITE_MATERIAL
• BLOG
HTTPS://WWW.BUMIGEMILANG.COM/NOTA-ULANGKAJI-KIMIA-TINGKATAN-4-SPM-DALAM-
BAHASA-MELAYU

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